Specifications

пустынязмея(*.jpg*.png*.bmp)
Link:GohereforLinux"SidewinderPhotoColourBalancerF2C17"19Oct2014download,Config.andinstall
(requiresJVM)Java2
JREruntime
fastdownload
(D.I.Y.Article)doityourselfHowTo
TheAustralianHouse"The15Kwhouse"SolarWindHybrid"power
system"OFFGRID
note:"allDIY"Selfconstructedinstalled,SelfImportedandselfbrokeredkitspriceestimateincludesbatteriesandtariffandtransportandmuch
oftheinstallmaterials
(pricesquotedbyasupplierareusuallyinUSDasanintermediarycurrencyandrequireconversion)
Anyonelivingwithin20Kmofcoastline(and80metersawayfromanotherresidence)cansafelyuseawindsolarhybridofaslittleas8Kwrating
tomimicgridsupplylevelpoweringbecauseofthelandseaconvectionwindreliability!
Youcanunderstanditmaybeeasierasahomebuyertoincorporatethepriceofanoffgridsystemstipulatedintoahomeloanandfindinga
blockatleast100meterslongtobuildwiththeturbineatleast80metersfromotherresidencesandwithcouncilbuildingzoningallowanceof
offgridequipment!
WindGridTied(Domestic)DIY(exceptinverterwiring!!!)
CONTENTS
AllAustralianhousesare15Kwpowersystemminimum
OffGridpracticallybycosteffective!(Batteriesarewhatmakesanoffgridsystem)
Howbatteriesoperate
Ensuringbatteryservicelife
(Ensuringbatteryservicelife)Settingthe"DumpLoad"onthechargecontrollerand
BatteryLifeCycle
Theproblemwithoffgridpower
Anoteaboutinverters(balancingdutyload)
WhatdoesitrequiretooperateanAustralianhouse
ImportationdealsandHowtotalktothesupplier
Moneyandpayment"PersonalImport(CCIDnoABN)"
Installing
WheretolocatetheWindTurbine
StepstoAcquiringaHybridpowersystem(andcustomsformsandinfoandcargo
support)
WindSolarHybridkitscanbegotas"CIF"toSydneyPort
BatteryBankSizeAHKwh(AmprerehourKilowatthours)Caculator
Whyswitchoffthefirstworld?becausethegridisalwaysthesamesizeandalikepetroloranythingelseitistruthfullygettingmoreexpensive
andasmuchpurelyunpredictableofcostinashortperiodoftimeagainstwagesandinflation!
Anyonelivingwithin20Kmofcoastline(and80metersawayfromanotherresidence)cansafelyuseawindsolarhybridofaslittleas8Kwrating
tomimicgridsupplylevelpoweringbecauseofthelandseaconvectionwindreliability!
What'sthepointofbeingPhilfromenergyaustraliatobethere(asisintheadvert)todoanairconinstallationwhenallsomeonecandotosavemoneyis"be
advisedtoswitchitoff"becauseitcoststoomuchtooperatesocannotuseit,isessentiallyfossilfuelfedtoo!
Prenote:Itisobviouslypossibletocompletelypowerahouse"almostnormally"fromacombinationof5000w(washingmachinesmallmicrowavesmall
pluggablehotwater)and2500w(lightssmallfansradio)puresinewaveinverters(DCstorageto240vAC)usingonly1.5Kwto2Kwsolarand3of400w600w
12vACturbines(rectifiedbyacontrollertothebatterybankeach)bychanging(tosmallerequipmentandmorejobs)manyofthehouseholdjobequipment
capacitiesandmanagingheavyjobsatoptimumweathergenerationtimebutrequiresswitchingfromtwobanksof4x250ah(heavyampthroughputdeepcycle
bydensitysizeelectrodes7080Kgeach)andforthe2500w4x80ah.E.G.An"oilcolumnheaterforwinter"wouldrequire2x400w600w12vACturbines,and
2x80ah(requires4x40ahtodropbatteryindividualoutputto250wattseachmax.)batteriesbutcanonlybeonat1000wheatingfor1/2anhourwiththose
batteries.
Theonlywaytocontrolandresetthepointagainstfailablehumanmemoryisa"powerpointtimerswitch"betwixtinverter'napply'!
Inverselyfortwelvevoltsystem,1Kwofpanelsand2x400w600w12vACturbineswilloperateasmallevaporativeairconditioner(e.g.waterandice10L
evaporativemayonlyneed1Kwsolar+aturbineoddlya"100Lbarrefrigerator"onlyrequires2x40ahbatteriesand"just/quite"a1000winverterandone
400w600w12vACturbineand150wsolarsafely)constantlyduringdaylightandat1/3powerforanhourafterdarkon4x40ahbatteries.
However,suchindividualisedappliancepowersourcesupplyconstructioninthesetwoaretopendcustomisationforselfpurpose.
Buta"smallproperlypowerful"aliketothepreviousmentioned12vsystem,alessdifficultusersystemonlyrequiringoneheavyhouseholdjobafteranotherby
weathermanagementrequiresbelow(inarticle)ascalculatedbatterybanksystemiswitha5Kwwindhybrid(3Kwwind2KwSolarrated48vcharging)ona15
metertowerwithtwo10Kwpuresineinverters.
However,thiscanalsobecalculatedtobealikebutnotassparseasthe12vsystemhouseholdequipmentsizesforasmallerbatterybanksystem.
Personally,iwouldbuytheextensioncords(5000w=22amps@240v)(2500w=10amps@240v)andhidethemwithsomeoverskirtingboardsfixturesand
locksforsafety,ratherthanrewirethehouseifitcametoitwithpriceanddomesticelectricalfittingworklaw.
Thefullsizesystemof10Kwhybridgenerationisamimicofhavinggridpowerconnection,andthe8Kwhybridgenerationisaneconomical
mimicofhavinggridpowerconnection!
Theanalogyhereinthisarticlefortheseoffgridpowersystemsizesissimilarmetaphoricallytothedifferencesbetweentravellinginavsix
cylindermodernstationwagon(108Kw)1000Kmortravellinginasmall4cylindersedan(56Kw),withthe12vsystem(23kw)calculatedalike
travelling1000kminahatchback.
Eitherwayyouseeit,itfinallygetsyouthere.
Youraverageelectricitybill
ElectricityBillthisquarter
Myelectricitybillis$1,360
***pendingexchangeratebeingAUDtoUSD94centsatleastand"rateduringsale"beingabove93centsUSDfor1AUD(note:actualexchangeis
betweenCNYandAUD,However,USDismostlyusedbythesellerstouniversallydescribeprice)
Australiahasbegunawindturbinesystemmanufacturethatcanbeappliedtodomesticpower,the"EcoWhisper325"5Kwwindturbine PICTURE(20Kw)
EcoWhisperinformationPDF MainSiteEcoWhisper,However,itwillpossiblyneverbeacompetitoreconomically,only"aneconomicwhiteelephantasa
choice"asalmosteverythingbuiltinAustraliaisgovernedbystandardsthatareworldclassnotmerelyitsprecisionconstructionrequirementsandmaterialsand
accreditedlicensedhumanresources(thismeanswith4yearsTertiaryDeg.andafurther2yearsforPhD"aspadeismostcertainlyaspade...butisitblackor
white???willweeverknow...").
FordomesticusetheaverageAustralianwillneverbeseeingitasaneconomicallyviablechoicethatwouldcostonly10yearsworthofgridfor12yearsuseina
completesystemwithtwicetheelectricity(20yearsgridusageworth).
SinceiamnottheEcoWhisperprojectauditororfinancieridonotprojectitcannotbecompetitivesomewhereinallbusinessconsiderationshoweverthe
beforementionedpointsneedtobeconsidered.Certainlyitwillnotbeeconomicallyapointforthenexthalfadecade.
Ifthisinformationwerenotdeliveredpubliclybyapartywith"noinvestedinterest"(meaningihavenoactualrequirement
economicallyasamotivetooutputthisinformation)inpushingsuchinformationyouwouldnotbemadeawareofthefactthis
methodisacosteffectivealternativetogridelectricityandinclusivelysolarinstallersorsuppliersofthisoranynation.
WARNINGtoanyfoolthatcallsthissites'informationcommercialorforprofit,Moneyaspricingofoffgirdpowersystemsis
mentionedforproofoftheory,parityandclarityandwiththecomparativecontextagainsttheunethicalnationalandstate
governmentpracticeofbusinessmonopolyandrestrictionofuseofalternativegeneratormethodsprobablytofavortheir
inefficientoutdatedandsuperseded(byoffgridpowersystemdeliverymodularization)domestic(andinsomeremoteareacases)
electricitydeliverysystemcalled(asortofshowcasesouthpark"preciousplum")networkgridmainselectricitythats'averageor
projectedorprospectivisedcostsperhouse/buildingsuppliedbynetworkwillbeequalorgreaterthanthatofthecostofanoffgrid
powersystemtoimplementandasmuchcollecttaxthroughresalestagesdownthedeliverychainofsaleandsupply(AKA
recombinanttaxproduction).Thelinkstosuppliersisagainarequirementforpeopletoclearlyunderstandtheprocessesinvolved
andproductsavailableasatypeofproofthealternativeexists.Theseproductspricesandactionsarepartofrealtimeandworldto
ascloselymatchthewholeprocesstoachievethealternativeandmakeawarethattheseareallthepiecesandareaccuratelyand
honestlydefinitiveofwhateachpieceisthattrulyexistsasavailable!Againnoonewouldmentiontonewhomebuyersthatposses
thespacerequirements(below)oflandthattheirpropertychoicewithaloantheycouldreduceby30,000andmaintainthelarger
loanstrategytobringintheirelectricitybythisalternate!
Note:Thereshouldbeawebcounteratthebottomofthispage[Ifthepagedoesnot(loadproperly),thenpressF5keytoreloadpage]
Nothingcouldberuderthanbeing1KilometerfromanymainsnetworkgridoutletinAustraliaandquoted¤30K(thirty
thousanddollars)costs
tosimplyputinthesupplytothepremiseswithoutconsuminganybefore¤30Kispaiddownto(¤10Kforshorter
distances).
SobelowinthisDIYandselfimportedestimationthathastakenoneandahalfyearsofresearchtoproduce,
whynotbuy1014yearsworthoftwicethequantityofelectricityforless!
At15Kdollarsconnectionchargeamildlyremotehouse(500metersaway),abankloanalikehousingloancanbea
competitivestrategy
Anaveragemainsgridsuppliedhomewithmorethantwopersonswillcostapprox.20,000dollarsfortenyears
electricity
Thecarbontaxfrommainsgridelectricitytakesyourmoneyandyouconsumefossilfuel
Thewindsolarhybridactuallycommitsbeinggreenrenewablecleanenergyand
(onlyproblem)"requiredsizetoRELIABLYsupplygenerate(weathercostimplementation)"
givestwicetheusableelectricity(40,000AUDofelectricity,for26,000AUDimplementation)
Link:Whattheydidn'ttellyou!!!
Intermsofcostsloansandtaxation,itdoesnotappearanythingorgovernmenttakesanynoticeofthepriceoflivingasneitherdidthefrenchcolonialgovernment
ofVietnamwhenittaxeditspeasantsforriceuntilitwasimpossibletohaveenoughtoliveupon.OnepartialstoryoftheoriginoftheNorthVietnamuprisingwent
thatbeforethe1950'suprisingthepeasantfarmerssoldtheirexcessrice(ricetoliveon)toexporterswhomwouldnotpayanythingmuchorwouldthennotbuy
anyifasmuchasameaslycostwereitsprice,thentheexcessricewouldnotbesoldandgorotten,inturnthefrenchcolonialgovernment(relyinginpartonitstax
somewhereinthetradeline)thentaxedpeasantsusingriceandtherewasnothingoverforthelivingthusgivingHoChiMinandotherstheirpointasmanyof
themtorevoltandcommitrevolution.
ThesamementalitybytheAustraliangovernmentappearstobebeingcommittedfromanypartyinpowerintermsofrevenuecreation,thatbeingtaxationwithout
regardtoconsequenceontheideaofAustraliaasafirstworldexpensivecountry.Themoneymaybetherebutitspointmaynot.Forexamplearoundtenyears
backiwentpastarealestatewindowoneeveningthathadasignwarningthenextdayallpropertysalesareonthenewsalestaxationincreasedrate."Over
night!!!"A315,000housethatnight,waswithastickeroverthepricethenextday,a420,000dollarhouse,430,000housethatnightwasthenextdaya550,000
house,andanyofthemhadanewstickerovertheprice.Thatmeansatleastaverage"3yearsworthmoreannualwageearnerincomepaycompletelyand
totally"isaddedtothepricewhichisaroundsixtoeightmoreyearsloanrepaymenttime.Didanythingincreaseeveryoneswages50%???Ibetnot!
Thesolarcreditsrebateschemeisalsoavailableforoffgrid,howevertherebatecalculationcanonlybemadebyalicensedinstaller.
However,nottoworry,anypriceyouareeverquotedinthiscountrybysupplyandinstallfor12yearsworthofoffgridisnotworththecostagainstgrid.
ANDonlyknowingthisDIYselfimportsystemcanmatchthegrid.
Whileitistruesolarpanelscontinuetooperatewhensunisbehindclouditisnowherenearasefficientandoftendropsto25%output(e.g.5Kwpanelsoutputs
1.25Kw)particularlyoncloudydaysandinwinter.Australiangridtiedsolarkitsatthepropersensiblesizeof5Kwarearound$6Kforthekitonly(iamaware
somecheaperspecialsdoexistandsomesubvertivecheaperspecials).Installationdrivesthesetoaround$10Kfinally.Inoriginofthegridtierebatecampaign
untilnow,gridtiedkitsbyAustraliansupplierswerearound15Kto25Kfullyinstalled.Themaincomplaintlaidinpricingbypowerproducersisthe"ongoing
infrastructure"requiredtoservicelongmileageofremotepowerlinesbecauseitisnotanautomatedaction,itrequirespayinghumanswhomhavehighlevel
education.Italsoconcedesoutoftownnonsuburbanpowersupplyisaneconomicparasitebecausesuburbanintownsupplyonlyquitemakesanymoney,and
themoneyisactuallymadebysellingtofactoryindustrial.
Insummary,thisoffgridDIYsystem(whereenvironmentallyapplicabletoitsrules)willatleastover12yearsbeabletoregulateyourelectricitycost.
Queenslands'storyofpriceregulationand"payback"reliability
Simplewindsolarhybrid12vsystemexample
Somedocumentslinksinthisarticlerequire(PDF)AdobeAcrobatReaderdownloadtousethispage.
TheBasicEconomicsoftheDIYSystem
ThisarticleisallDIY(DoItYourself),ifyouintendtouseatransportcompanyoranyextrapaidworkersthentheeconomicpointoftheDIYwill
belost(unlessyouareafarmerandhavehelperemployees).
Also,the"Installing"sectionsetssomeminimumsforbothskillsandmaterialswhichyoushouldhaveorbeabletoobtainataTAFEoradultlearningcenter.
Alternativematerialstomildsteelmaybecheaperbutshouldbefoundonacostsupplybasis.
Itisillegaltoworkon"gridwiredhousingandphysicallyadjoinedpremises",however,offgriddoesnotcarryanyrelevanceforwiringnonadjoinednongrid
premises,*but,everythingphysical(mounts,frames,batteryhousing,inverterhousing)canbeconstructedandputinplacereadytobewired(e.g.allthewayto
thecableslayedoutandmountedoncarrypolestoo)andanelectriciancanthenbeusedtojointheinverteroutputtothepremisesfuseboxsystem(willrequire
gettinganewfuseboxset)anda"kitsetpowersystem"withthispreviousactionwillallowfullinsuranceandoffgridrebateapplicable,bringingthe15Kwkit
backtoaround20.000AUD.Intermsofelectricaleducation,therearemanyplacesonthenetsuchas"youtubevideos"thatcanhelpunderstandthistypeof
system.Andasmuchforpurposeoflegalelectricalspecifications(notmuchrequired)thosetoocanbefoundontheinternet(alittlesimilartotheUSAe.g.you
canburnyourselfdownifyouwantbutnotifitsstratatitle).
note:"allDIY"SelfImportedandselfbrokeredkitspriceestimateincludesbatteriesandtariffandtransportandmuchoftheinstallmaterials
(pricesquotedbyasupplierareusuallyinUSDasanintermediarycurrencyandrequireconversion)
OnlineCurrencyconverterxe.com
"BasicLoanRepayments"Calculatorforpeoplewhompossiblywouldusefinance(randomlytakenlinkfromasite)
Thiscostingestimateis"somethinglike"ONLY,itdependsthedealyoumakeregardlesstheexchangerate(principally)
Allapprox.50%S50%WHybrids:TOTALESTIMATEDDIYinstalled(implemented)"FINALCOSTS"(withGST+tariffand@Xchangeratefor
Kitand"highquality"sealedleadacidtypeaccumulators+DIYhiretransportandDIYmountingmaterials)
Xchangerateaffected 10Kw 15Kw 20Kw
X@95centsAUDUSDtoCNY ¤22,500AUD ¤24,500AUD ¤27,500AUD
X@92centsAUDUSDtoCNY ¤24,500AUD ¤27,000AUD ¤30,500AUD
X@89centsAUDUSDtoCNY ¤26,500AUD ¤29,500AUD ¤33,500AUD
Kits+"extra10kwinverter"areupto11,500AUDUSDCNY,batteriesarebetween7,0008500AUDUSDCNY,makingGST+tariffapprox.3,000AUDat
port
(yourbankchargesandrulesforT/Tiwouldn'tknow)
(note:"highquality"sealedleadacidaccumulatorsarethebestofleastcostlyseemorebelow)PricecanvarybyAUD1500byexchange
rate(moneybuyingortransactionbaserate)andAustraliandollarexchangeratevalue.
Inessence,thisarticleexplainsyourequire80x80ahdeepcycleaccumulatorsat120vDCchargingsystem,or100x65ahdeepcycle
accumulatorsat240vDCchargingsystem.Andafinalpoint,atleast120140x65ahdeepcycleaccumulatorsat"20Kw"240vDCcharging
system.
HOWEVER,itcanbesqueezedbetterandlessexpensivelongerlastingwithotherleadacidbatterychemistrytypesASSHOWNLATERandwith
helpfromsomecalculatorsinthisarticle!!!
TheHybridkitsuppliersoftendonotsupplythecorrectstandardandtypeofbatteryforthisusehereinthisarticleof12yearsbatterycyclelife
forgeneralhousesize(usually,notunlessyoupayenough),SoyoumustbuytheaccumulatorselsewhereasatradedealnearMOQ.Usethe
informationheretounderstandtheminimumrequirementsforaneconomicDIYscheme.
(cheapercostsystem)Ifyoucanusetaskchorejobtimingmanagementinyourhome...
warning:6000ahtoanabsoluteminimum4000ahof12vofbatteriesisrequiredforaproper1decadeofusesystem:Thereforein
suchadealkeepthe"batteryacquirementchoice"separate(removednotrelated)fromthesystemequipmenttradedealandits
company
Ifyouhavea2.5Kwhotwaterelementorsmaller,andcan"always"notusecookingequipmentforonehourafterusingalargequantityofhot
water(andissetasoffpeak)suchasshowerorbathorwashingmachine!Also,youmustonlyuse2saucepanhotplatesand1otherappliance
e.g.anoven,oramicrowaveovenoranaccessorygrillwhencookingisdone(only3highcurrentdrawelementsplusbasichouselightingand
TV(digital)orradioandairconditionermustbeonlowsettingandotherheavyjobsmustbedoneoneaftertheothernottogether(e.g.washing
machineorhotwaterreheate.t.c.))!
Youneedonly80xdeepcyclebatteriesof65ahsizefora120vsystem(!not80ah!)forthe10Kwor15Kwsystem.
Finally,ifyoureallywantacheapersystemallround,thisforbatteriesanda5Kwwindturbinewith3Kwofsolarandtwo10Kwinvertersmakes
thebareminimumwithcriticalusagemanagement.
***Itisn'twhetheryoucontinuallyusemoreelectricitythanyouwouldusefromthegrid,itishowwellyoucangeneratedirectsupplytotheinverter
andchargethebatteriesbutformostchargethebatteriesonanextremelyovercastdayorregeneratechargeovernightfromheavyusageatthe
endoftheday!(Inessenceitcanbedonebyaslittleas3Kwwindturbineand3Kwsolarbutcontainstoomuchbatteryrelianceunderheavy
currentusageatsessiontime)!(inshortyoucouldswitcheverythingoffandcookforasmuchas4to5hoursadaydrawingcurrentat5Kwevery
daywhenitissunnyorwindy.Thisistheessenceofthepoint)!
***10Kwkitgeneratorsystemisfornormalwindareas,and15Kwisforremotenonmountain,inlandlowwindareasorcriticalextremeremote
locations,NOTsimplytogetmoreorlessorforbatteries!(Inessenceitcanbedonebyaslittleas3Kwwindturbineand3Kwsolarbutcontains
toomuchbatteryrelianceunderheavyusagetime)!
***NEVERuseinvertersatmaximumcontinuouswattageoutputconstantlymorethananhouratasession.formostofeachdayitshouldbe
operatingatnomorethan50%ofitratedcontinuousoutput.Higherlevelswillburnitoutsoonerthisisthereasonforusingseparatecircuit
supplieswithtwoinvertersnotsimplyonefromthekit!
ThisLink:5kwSolar3KwWind96vdcsystemtoSydneyportwouldbe22,000AUD@89centstoUSD(23Kwasanoverestimation,the
completeimplementationaftertransportandmaterialwouldbearound24,500andifusing2x8Kwinvertersprobably23,500butrequirescareful
usageloadingtonottripthecircuitbreakerwhencooking(electric)ordoingotherhighcurrentwork)toSydneyportinclusiveafterGST+Tariff.
Theestimateisalsowith2x10Kwinvertersreplacingtheoffered8Kwinverterandwranglingacustomtowerheightof12metersnotthe8m
specifiedbythekit.Soyouwouldtalkwiththemonchangingthekitparameters.Thebatteriesareasmentionedinthisgreytextboxandshould
behighqualitylonglifecycleleadacid,donotusetheofferedbatteries.
DIYtosomepeopleisconsideredatypeofporno,but,"itsnotlikethat",reallythedirtypictureofpricingtableupthereisonlythebasicmeanstoendanda
definiteclearcomprehensionofthefacetsofachievingasolarwindhybridsystemisrequired.Hencereadalltheinformationinthisarticle.
Oryoucouldbeansweringandaskingsomeawkwardquestionsaboutnothingtooseriousbyignoranceandnoforethoughtinanargumentyoujustcannotorwill
notwinwithotherpeoplenomatterhowproudyourfinalachievementinDIY.
Themainproblemwithselfimport(apartmoneyandcommittingeverythingatthestipulatedtimeoncall)isrequiringtofilloutsomeannoying
paperworknowdoneoncomputerbyVPNoverthenetwithcustomsACBPSsiteforimportation(theICSinCImode).Formostafter
registrationforCCIDandICS,andelectronicfundstransferforcustoms,theN10importdeclaration.
(Youshouldhaveaprivatecomputer,personaldigitalcertificate"gatekeeperindividual"andinternetconnectionforbothemailtothesupplier
salespeopleandforthe"ACBPScustoms.gov.au"andits"ICSatwww.cargosupport.gov.au")
ICScargosupportsystem"CI"ClientInteractivefirsttimeusers
"Verisign.com.auindividualGatekeeper"DigitalCertificate(requiredforACBPSICS)
CargoSupportICSfirsttimeusers
CargoSupportICSfaqs
CICustomsInteractivewithindividualdigitalcertificate
Theinspirationforthisarticlewasfindingallthepiecesforasmallsystemonebay.com.aubutalsoonebay,systemsasbiga8kwinverterand
solarwindhybridoffgridpartscollectingataround¤8000includingenoughbatteriesis¤14,000,abitroughinsetupbutaboutall.(that'sright!
"eightthousand"and"fourteenthousand"NOT"NINETYTHOUSANDfor7Kwofsolar",Howthehellanyonesmilesfor90,000ihavenoidea).The
cheapestieversawinAustraliaofoffgridsystemwasa6.5Kwhybrid5Kwwindand1.5Kwsolarwithbatterybankallfor¤35,000butdoesnot
evenreachthequantityandqualityihavefoundandwrittenhere.
Introduction
*note:ThereasonwindpowerorwindhybridsareoftennotusedisNOISEfromtheturbineblades,theyneedtobelocatedatleast80meters
minimumfromanydwelling.
*note:Apowerinverter(e.g.puresinewaveinverter)isadevicethattransformsbatterycurrentandvoltagefromDCtoACwitharated
specificationofoutputvoltageACandratedcontinuouspowermaximumofKilowatts(the"ratedsurgesupplymaximumfor10seconds"is
usuallytwicetheratedpower)
83amps@12volts=1Kw
4.1amps@240volts=1Kw
Anyproductsimportedthathaveatotaloflessthan¤1000AUDforallcostsinclusivetransportdonotrequiretariffduty,particularlypostalitems.
*note:SEALEDleadacidNOMAINTENANCE,VRLA/SLAorAGMbatteriesareonlyeverusedbecauseriskofexplosionfrom"ventedtoair"
batteriesistoorisky!!!
NewsNov2013
Someoneshouldtellthemtherewasanoldfashionedelectricalappliancecalleda"tube"(fortelevisions)andadevicewitha
powerdraggingelectricmotorcalledatapeplayerwhichstartedtobereplacedaroundonedecadeprevious,the"tube"eatsata
rateofleast1Kwinputpowercontinuouslywhileongenerallyandwasoftenonallday(pardonthepun)!
GraphoftheDay:Ozhouseholdsslashelectricityuseby23%(28November2013)
Electricityusagedrops,pricesincrease(November26,2013)
Canberra?snewenergymantra:Renewablesbad,demandgood(28thNov2013)energywhitepaper2012Australia?senergy
transformation
Amountofyourlatestelectricitybill?
WindSolarHybridkitscanbegotas"CIF"toSydneyPort
14Dec2013(April2013)
Inthis"changing"world,thereisonethingyoucantrustforpricing.Governmentownedprivatisedcompanies.(Theprevious
statementspeaksforitself).
WhatwasitbasicallyPMTonyAbbottsaid?Eachaveragedomesticpowerbillwouldgodown¤400dollarsayear,orwasit¤200,
anyhow,thecostsobviouslywentdownforsomeone.
Thereareotherfactorsaffectingpricingofwhateverisgovernmentowned,suchas,BudgetDeficit,Dollarexchangeratevalue,
requiredgovernmentloanrepayments,exportsandindustryperformanceandinflation.
Andthenthereisplainraisingthepriceanyhow.
ElectricitypricestostabiliseasgasfacesjumpApril2013(electricitypricesgoup)
ElectricitypriceswillfallwithorwithoutcarbonpriceDec2013(electricitypricesgodown)
ElectricitypricessettodropasEuropeanlinkscomeintoplayApril2013(ALLTOGETHERNOWLADS!!!electricitypricesgoupand
down)
CarbonpricefallexpectedtomoderateelectricitybillsDec142013(Electricitypricesnowbeing"nonchalant")
Thereasonforcompletekitsisalltheturbine,controller,andpanelvoltagesmatch.
NOTE:(VIDEO)SOLARPANELDIYWIRINGCONFIGURATIONSSOLARPOWERDIYGRIDFREEPANELSPHOTOVOLTAICYouTube
Ifyoudonotuseacompleteelectricalsysteminyourhouse(e.g.usegasforcookingorhotwater)andwanttogettheoffgridpowersystem
partspiecebypiece,remembertomatchalltogethercontrollervoltagestobatterybankvoltageandturbineinputandsolarinputvoltages!!!
A "10Kwthreephase120vDCto240vACOFFGRIDinverter"willsufficewithanyofthese,IfyourhouseusesLPGcooking(outoftownnot
mainsgas)andhaselectrichotwatera4Kwwindturbineand"5kwratedhybridcontroller120v"withthesolarintakecustomraisedto3Kwcan
beusedforalargehousewith607080ahdeepcyclebatteriesorifcookingandhotwaterareLPGthena4Kwwindturbineand"5kwrated
hybridcontroller120vwith1.5Kwsolarintake"and60x80ahbatteries,However,ifyourhousehasaroofmountedevaporationairconditionerthe
solarintakeshouldbecustomraisedatthefactoryto4kwofpanelsintaketothehybridcontrollerand70x80ahbatteriesused.
Ifthekityoumakeorgetis10Kworlessandis120vDCbatterybankorless(e.g.96vor48v),andyoudonotfindaproblemusingtiming
managementfortaskswithlargecurrentmachinessuchashotwater,andstovetopoven,foraround¤5000toSydneyportyoucanacquireto
use80x40ahdeepcyclebatteriesoftherequiredqualityof1600dischargeto30%DODandusagechemicallifecycleof10years@30
o
Celsius.
(*note:thereasonforleadacidnotgelelectrolytetypeisbecauseitischeaper,andbecausewithlargersizegeneratorkitsthecharge/discharge
currentlevelsandpriceforlongstringsetsof10batteries(120vDC)or20(240vDC)requiresmoresetsofserieslinesofbatteriesthisonebase
priceatDec.2013isaround¤56AUDp/piecebasepriceatfulfilledMOQrequest"soe.g.onlyfor60pieceswouldbevaguelysomethinglike
¤4500toSydneyport").Thiswillonlygiveyouhalfthetimeforusing2stoveandoven(total3)(Thisdevice(8000w/h8Kw/hworth)plussome
extraisthetotal10%15%"prospectivisedcalculatedstoragebuffer"capacityallowedusedfromthebatterybanktotalp/day)andcanonlybe
usedduringthedaysimultaneousoronebyoneafterdark(butshouldalwayshavealagof1/2hourbetweenlargecurrentapplianceuseexcept
theairconditioner).Thiswouldbringthecostofa10Kwhybridkitdownto¤19,500AUD@(92centsAUDUSD)approx.
Anoteabout"windsolarhybridcontrollers(thecharger)"...
particularlyifyouwanttoconstructyourownsystembyspecificationsandimportandhandlearound8pickupsandN10importdeclarations
receiptsandtaxtariffe.t.c.
Notallcontrollersareasfunctionalasothermodelsandmuchthesizeofwindtosolarratioisthesameinallmodelsfromchinaassimilartoa
standard.
Itispossibletohaveanyhybridcontrollermodifiedforsolarchargecapacity"upto"thesamequantityasthe"ratedwindinput"chargecapacity
inwatts.
***1Oneparticularinterestingfeaturethatissometimesoptionalinhybridcontrollersforthewindturbineiscalled"lowchargevoltagecharging
function".OddlyitisnotincorporatetoallchargersandiswortheverypieceofitsexistencebecauseitactssimilartoMPPTbutusesvoltages
generatedbytheturbinethatarebelowthebatteryvoltagelevelandwhentheturbineisspinningextremelyslowly.
***2Anotherfeatureis"batterytemperaturechargecompensationfunction".Asyoucanseefromabatterydatasheet,theheldcapacityofthe
batteryandtheallowedchargingcurrentmaximumaredifferentatvariousenvironmentaltemperatures.Thisispresentasstandardinmany
controllersbutsometimesnotothers.
Solar,windorhybridcontrollersrequirematchingvoltagestoinputANDcurrent(amperageorwattage)levels.WithaHybridcontrollerthereare
somefeaturestounderstandtosuccessfullymatchinputchargeofwindturbineandPVpanelstothecontroller.
Herearesomespecificationstakenfromacontrollerthatoutputsto96vratedbatterybank.
Systemvoltage96VDC
ThebasicratingofoutputofthecontrollerDCforbatterybankafter
processingtheinputcharge.However,theexactvoltagerelates"floatcharge
voltage"ofthebatteries.
solarcell90VDC~200VDC
Thisisthesecondmostimportantvoltageforsolarpanelsstringsetsin
series.EachlineofpanelsHASA"PMax."or"Vmp"MaximumVolts,adds
togethereachpanelinseriesuntilitreachestojustunder200VDCvoltsDC.
Whenthepanelsareaddedtogetherthereoftenisn'tenoughtomakethe
wattagePw(peakwatts)allowedbythecontroller.Addthe"totalofthe
wattageofthestringofpanelsitrequiredtomatchPMaxandVOC"inseries
untilyouhavethecorrectmaximumwattagebyasmany"seriesstringsetsof
panels"required,but"notmorethantheratedwattageoftheinput"tothe
controllerforPVpanels.
openvoltage"VOC"240VDC
ThiscalledtheVOCsometimesOVC"OpenCircuitVoltage".TheVOCisthe
parametertotrytomatchidenticallybutmustneverexceed.Whenallthe
panelsusedtomakeaserieslineareaddedtogether,alikethePMax.the
VOCofeachpanelmustbeaddedtogetherandmustbejustunderorthe
sameastheratedVOChereof240VDC.(note:240vdcisacoincidencehere
notrelatedtootherthingsusing240v)
UsableExampleOnly:
IfwehaveourHybridcontrollerherewiththeseparametersasa4Kwor
5kwwindplusstandardsolarwattage,andrequesttomodifybefore
paymentto4000wsolaralsoatordertimetoadjustitforsimilarsolarinput
wattageasextraWecouldobtainthispanelanduseitbecauseit
calculatesclosetotheuppercontrolleroperationboundarywhilenot
overloadingitforthisexamplemodel.
250W260W270WPolySolarPanel
Port:Guangzhou
MinimumOrderQuantity:10Piece/Piecesnegotiable
(260w)(VMP=36v)(OCV=43.9v)(15Panels)
15panelsx260wattseach=3900wattstotal
5panelsX260watts=1300watts
5panelsx36voltsVMP=180voltsVMP
5panelsx43.9voltsVOC=219.5voltsVOC
GoodExample:VMPis21voltsshortofmaximum,VOCis19volts
shortofmaximum
220wSolarPanel
Port:Qingdao
MinimumOrderQuantity:10Piece/Pieces
(220w)(VMP=29.8v)(OCV=36.8v)(18Panels)
18panelsx220wattseach=3960wtotal
6panelsX220watts=1320wattsEACHSERIESSTRINGOFPVPANELS
6panelsx29.8voltsVMP=178.8vVMP
6panelsx36.8voltsVOC=220.8voltsVOC
WINDVOLTAGERANGE90~150VDC
Windvoltagerangeisalittletricky,Whethermeasuredinampsorwattsthe
controllerhasamaximumallowance"ofmax.turbinewattage"asaratingand
sometimesitisonlyexpressedas"amps"(current)oneitherawindorsolar
chargecontroller.Youneedtomatchtheturbineforboth"ratedwattage"and
"maximumwattage".
Asyoucanseethereisavoltagerangeof90vto150vforaDCturbineor
rectifiedACoutput.Thisindicatesthateithera110voltor120voltTurbineis
appropriate.Theturbineshouldmatchjustnearthemid(120)pointbetween
theupper(150)andlower(90)valuesofvoltage,ifworsecomestoworst,then
nearerthebottomofitactuallye.g.a96voltturbine.
Of2014,hereisacontrollerthatDIYpartbypartisthecorrectsizeforoperatingahomealikehavingthegrid,buteitherwaythegeneratorsizeis
veryimportanttopreventbatterieseverbeingdrainedbelow15%fromthetop(15%DOD).
Highpower8000w48vWind&solarhybridcontrollerchargerwithLCDDisplay,PWM,&Dumploadfunction3000wwind+5000wsolarNOTE:with
windturbinestherearealwaystwodifferentratings"rated"and"Maximum"!!
Notebeforestarting,thecompaniesforbothbatteriesandhybridpowersystemsmentionedatthebottomofthepageareanextensivesurvey
researchforbestandlargesteconomicallycomparativetonetworkelectricityinAustraliaofwillsupplytheKwpowerlevelrequiredtocompete,
theredonotappeartobeanyothersintheseonlinecommercialcatalogs.Ifthesystemwilllastatleasttwelveyearsitwillbesimilartoeven
implementationcostbutby7yearsuseahybridkitisatleastthesamequantityofelectricityagainstAustraliannetworks10yearssupplyapprox.
Kw/heconomically(However,ahybridkitmaybecanbetwicethereadysupplyusagep/timeunit).
Onecompanyhas5KwpowergenerationGridtieHybridsets2kwsolarand3kwwind,thatisonlysuitableforhousesthatcouncilandneighbors
donotmindthenoiseofthewindturbineandunlikelyincitysuburbswherethatwouldnotbetolerated.NOTE:gridtiedisnotusefultostreets
wherehousesaremorethan50meters(probablyonly30meters)apartbecausethesupplylinelosesappreciablechunksofthegeneratedenergy
backupthelinetosupply,generallyitwouldtakea10kwgridtiekitthatwouldonlyproduceback5kwintothegridrunningatmaximum,sotheyare
notahugepointexceptinvillagesandverysmalltownswithlargehouseblocks,butwellworthitiftheyaretolerantofalittleextrahummingnoise
andisalso24/7withwind.Beyond50metersapartitisnotworthgridtieorcostsorimpendinggridprices.
AllAustralianhousesare15Kwpowersystemminimum(oraround8Kwgeneratorpowersystemrequirementif"gasheating,gascookingandgas
hotwater"areused).
note:thisarticleonlyaccountsarooftopevaporationairconditionernomorethan3Kw.
AscienceshowonceairedonAustralianTVboastedtheycouldoperateanAustralianhomeoffgridusinga3Kwwindturbinegenerator.
AllAustralianhousesbelowasmallmansionrate15Kwincludingflatunitsiftheycontainallthebelowinthetablebecauseofcookingandhot
water.Ahousewith5childrencouldrequirea20Kwinverterandminimum5kwsolarand5Kwwindhybrid.Asmallmansionwouldrequire10Kw
windand10Kwsolarand20Kwinverter.
1.Electricalappliancesurgedoesnotoftenremainunder3Kwformanyappliancesattimeofstarting.
2.Windgeneratorsonlygeneratewhensufficientwindispresent,Solarpanelsonlyproduceasmallpercentageofwattageduringmiddayhours
insummer.
3.TherequiredconsumptionlevelsofastandardAustralianhomerequiremuchmorereliablequantityofelectricgenerationrelatingweather
cycles(solarorwind).
Link:(PDF)ImportationstepsandprocessesfromdealtocustomswarehouseN30RCRexitafter"cleared"(note:
schedule4mentioninthisshouldbe"schedule3",4istheconcessiontypeinformation)
OffGridpracticallybycosteffective!
Batteries("Accumulators"amulticellbatterythatisrechargeable)arewhatmakesanoffgridsystem(theconsolationforpriceof"aneffective
sizesystem"andthebatteriesistwicetheelectricityforperiodofoperationsonomoreswitchingoffthefirstworlduntilitmakesnosense
havingallthoseappliances)
Whatmakesthis3Kwsystemfalseistheveryunderpinningtechnology(batteriesdeepcycle)andreasonsfortheirincorporationtothesystem.
"DeepCyclebatteries"areusedforlargecurrentandvoltagestoragepurposeinthisinstanceand"notUPSbatteries(UninterruptedPower
Supplybatteryforremotetelecommunicationsstations)"becauseoftherequiredinputandoutputcurrent"handling"levels,ifnotheavy
current(amps)thenina120vor240vDCsystemcertainlythehighvoltagemustbeconductedefficientlyperamp.Themostcommonuseofdeep
cycleBatterysisforelectricmotorsthathaulweightssuchasmotorisedwheelchairs,industrial12vhoistoroffgridindustrialpowertoolusage.
Deepcyclebatteriesaregenerallyanindustrialdevicebecausetheirpriceandusagewillgenerallybe"profitableforcircumstanceofgettinga
paidjobtooccur"notforcheapelectricitysupply.
Abulkbuyofatleast100batteriesdoesbringthepricetosomethingmoreaffordableperbatterybutisfraughtwithall"transportcosts"
(particularlyfromthecustomswarehouseinAustraliaandbeyond)andcareofequipment(mainlydischargelevelcalledDOD,orbatterylife
cycletotemperatureofoperation).
Transportation(assaidhereinthisarticle)isbestgainedasa"CIF"(CostInsuranceFreight)"tradedealagreement"(personal)usingSeaOcean
TransportasBB(BreakBulk)cargoforthese"sizeofbuys",andChinaonlyshipstoBrisbaneandSydneyPorts(sometimesDarwin)NO
Further!!!.
Batteriesinanoffgridpowersystemare"analogoustofuelinavehiclefueltankandmileage"meaningtheybothrunoutoffuelandburnorware
out,Soataround¤10,000for100x80ahbatteries(Accumulators)toyourdoorstepyoudonotwanttosimplyusethembywaitingforcharge,you
mustusesomeofandatleast50%directlyfromthechargerequipmentwheninuse,thismeanshavingabigenoughwindturbineandenough
panelstosupplysuchaquantity.Againtoo,whenweatherconditionsarenotoptimumandwillnotbegoodforanextendedperiodsuchasdays
thenitrequiresaminimumratingofinputfromthesituationtochargethebatteriesanditisbettertohavesomeextraabilityinthoseconditionsto
commitsomereasonablesupplyofchargeintotheusage,hencewindpower.Tomakemattersworsetwoproblemscanoccur,1.thesystemis
locatedinalowwindaveragearea,2.Itcanbeanumberofdaysbeforesunreappears.
Thisisnoweasytounderstandwhya"15Kwpowergenerationratingsystem"forahouseistherequirement,notsimplyoneorthreeKw
maximumgeneration.A10Kwwindturbinealonewouldbeaminimumandforalowwindareaasitwillonlyproducearound1Kwforthewind
speedandprobablyonly8Kw/hfora24hourdayinagreyheavilyovercastdayinalowwindarea,asmuchonlyaround1Kwmorewithahybrid
with5Kwofpanels.Batteriesallowthegeneratedchargetobestoredandredischargedevenlywhenrequiredparticularlyifgenerationoutput
dropsbelowusageoutputrequirement,butdonotlastforeverandcanonlyhandleaparticularnumberofdischargecyclesbeforeunusable.Also
theycanonlydischargearoundamaximumof1/2halfaKiloWatt(500watts)eachandaround5Kwfornomorethan5to10secondsfor
surge(hencethechannelingby80piecesof80ah"accumulators"(rechargeablemulticellbattery)being8linesof10in120vdcsystemsor4lines
of20in240vdcsystems).Morethanthis,batterytemperaturerisingabove2025degreesCelsiuscanlowerthelifetimeoftheleadacidbatteryto
aslittleasfourtofiveyears(seebelowatthedatasheet).
Butthefinalproblemisasetofbatteriesrequiredtomatchachargerdevice(solarwindhybridcontroller)andadistributordevice(powerinverter)
calledabatterybank.AbatterybanksufficienttoholdsomeexcessreservechargetooperateanAustralianhouseanditsappliancesfortwodays
isaround400amperehours@240vwhichtranslatesto"100x12volt80ahdeepcyclebatteries".
considernowthatthisisalso2.3tonneofbatteriesataround¤85USDcostp/batteryatthebasecostandaround¤100to¤110per80ahbattery
whenalltransportcostsandtariffandGSTareapplied.Agrandtotalofaround¤11,000onyourdoorstepfor100batteries(transportcompanyas
worstcasescenario).
Thisarticleisaboutwhatlittlecanbedonetoeconomicallycompetesensiblywiththegridasanalternative.Asmuchbecauseof"costand
economicexchangerateorconstructiondeficitblowout"theminimumisthegoal,soleadacidaccumulatorsofsometypewithatleastasensible
10yearfloatlifecyclechemistryatasensibletemperatureratingisrequired.
It'snotapointtogetaqualityortypetoohighandcausecostblowout.
Howbatteriesoperate
Batteriespresentaproblemononeparticularfeaturethatissubtlebutalwayspresentrequiringassessmentbeforeputtinginasystem.
Currentdraw(amperagewattage)inuse!
Offgrid"SystemStorageVoltage"areoftenanyof48v,96v,120v0r240vDC(DirectCurrent).
Any"DeepCycle"batterycanonlyputoutamaximum200w(16amps@12v)continuouslywithoutdamageandthistotaledaddedtogetherin
seriesstringforthepurpose.
Bythiseffectitisnotbeingusedasadeepcyclebattery(currentcapacitysafetyonly)butitmustnoteverbeoverloadedtooperatethe1012
yearsofuse.
Sotobestunderstandmeasureofhowmanybatteriestohave,itrequirestounderstandmaximumcurrentdrawsimultaneouslyofanormal"all
electricservicedhouse"beingnominally12Kwformediumsizedhomesand15Kwforlargefamiliesorlargeappliancehomesduringheavy
usage.
Sothisfollowsthatonseriesstringpervoltagecanoutput:
(NOTE!:Continuousoutputisanythingbeyond30seconds!)
48v=4batteries=800wperstring.(18stringsfor15Kw,or,13strings(52batteries)for12Kwcontinuousoutput)
96v=8batteries=1.6Kwperstring.(9stringsfor15Kw,or,7strings(56batteries)for12Kwcontinuousoutput)
120v=10batteries=2Kwperstring.(8stringsfor15Kw,or,6strings(60batteries)for12Kwcontinuousoutput)
240v=20batteries=4Kwperstring.(4stringsfor15Kw,or,3strings(60batteries)for12Kwcontinuousoutput)
(AminimumofVAGUELY60batteriesarerequiredof80ah=4800ahofbatteries@12vrating(6cells))
Otherfactorsaredutychemistryexplainedelsewhere.
(Note:"deepcyclingisextremelydamagingtoabattery"anda"specialpurposeaction"notaspecialchemistryparticularly!)
OnefinalimportantpieceofinformationrelatingproperbatterysizeandquantityistheclassifiedAHamperehoursizeofthebatteryunder
"currentdischarge"conditions.
Whendischargingabatteryof"deepcycle"leadacidtype,generallytheycanhandleupto40amps(1/2Kw)as"deepcycling"sometimesare
manufacturedtowithstand50amps(WARNINGthisisadeepcyclingdutyforthrowingawayaftercontinuallydrainingto(usuallyaverageis
around120160fulldischargesonlycalled"DeepCycling")maxnumberof90%DODdischargesNOTalongperiod(12years)powersystem
modeofoperation).
Whatmustbeunderstoodis200wis16ampsandataround24ampsdischargelevelthebatteryAH(AmpereHour)ratingisloweredtoe.g.
normal20hourtestrating80AHbecomes60AHand5hourrating,andat30ampdischargeleveltheAHratingofan80AHbecomes30AHand1
hourratinge.tc.....becausethisoccurstoofastforthechemistryontheplatestokeepupwiththedischargeascontinuous.
Thesetypesofspecificationchangewithchemistrytypeandmanufacturetypeandmethodofinternalsandvarygreatly,butthensotoodoes
price!Wecanonlyaffordwhatisrequired!
Itshouldnowbeeasytounderstandthatifyoumadeyourselfa12Kwhouseusagesizesystemandyouhavetwo10Kwinvertersoreventwo
8Kwinvertersyoumayneedthesafetyofaminimumof60deepcyclebatteriesnomattertheactualAHrating,particularlyifyouwereaccidentally
todriveitatthepossible15Kwsizeforasmalltime.
Tounderstandthislastfeaturebetterlookatthedatasheet(PDF)forabatteryprovidedhere,andtheheadings:"ConstantCurrentDischarge
Characteristics:A(25Celsius)"and"RatedCapacity"forthetimedischargeAHrating.
Ensuringbatteryservicelife
Inanoffgridsystem,asmentionedbefore,batteriesstoragecapacityandleadplate(Kg)areakintoavehiclefueltankandfuel.Toadjuststorage
tothecorrectsizeforleadaciddeepcyclebatteries,10%ofbatterybankstoragecapacityisaveragedailyuse.30%DODisacommoncapacity
measurementanditsreasonisbecausethetop30%ofbatterycapacitychargeisusedfor"floatcharging".Toproperlyaccountallrequired
storageONLY10%ofthefloatatthetop(TO10%DOD)isusedbecausethebatteriesmustlastlongerthanthe30%DOD1400discharges(4years
adaysaverageusageofelectricityperdischarge).Nearto(moreorless)10%isadayselectricityusageanddischargeisnearthreetimesthe
30%ratinge.g.10%DOD=1400x3=4200/365=11.5yearswhilekeptunder23degreesCelsiusformost,also,thisisimpossiblebecauseof
somesummerdaysanddischarge/chargeheatinginternallyandwillmoreequal7yearsbecauseoftheselatterfactorsofdeteriorationand
chemicalaging(buttherearewaysfora10year20
o
Celsiuslifecycletypetolast9years).
Remember,sizeofabatterybankandthequantityofbatteries(perserieslinetomakethesystemDCvoltageside)isnotsimplythestorage
quantity,itisactuallythe"allowabledischargecurrentlevel"and"chargingcurrentlevelstressesfrompowerandtemperaturethroughtheset
ofbatteriesbecauseofbatterypreservationforlifetimeofthebatteries(12years),notmerelythefactthattodischargethestoredcapacitytoa
particular%DODcanaffectthelifetimeofthebatteries.
Asexample(belowhere)isthis"DOD/TimeCalculator"forabatterybank.
Iftotalbatterybankstorageampsat12voltsis80AH(almost1Kwhtotal)(e.g.justonebattery)thetheoreticaltimeto30%DOD(1/3discharge)is
"17"minutesof1Kw.
Then3x17=51minutes,3x30%=90%ofthebatterystoragesize.
ThefollowingjavascriptformcalculatesthequantityoftimeabatterybankhasifitwerebeingdischargedataconstantKwdrawlevelof
current(amperage)use.
TheaverageallexclusivelyelectricalenergysuppliedhouseinAustraliaisbetween25Kwhto35Kwhdaily,
hencedrawat"1Kw"(theselectoptionsfield)downto15%DODshould"hypothetically(notnecessarily)"equal"atleast"around"25hours"in
thedecimalfractionhourfield(outputanswer)inthefollowingform,relatingthesettingsofAH(amperehours)ofbatterybankfilledintothe
"batterybanksTOTAL12vworthofAH's"andselectionof"@"X"Kwcurrentdraw"selector.
Ifyouhade.g.12x3000ah"2"volt(not12)batteries,then6batteriesinseriesmakes3000ahof12volts,so12batteries=2linesx3000ah=6000ah
TOTAL@12volts.
Whenbatteriesareaddedinlineinseriesthevoltsareaddedtogetherandraised,buttheAHremainthesame.
Whenbatteriesareputinparallel,thaAH'sareraisedbutthevoltsremainthesame.
Forthestoragequantityby12voltbatteriesthetotalstorageiseasiestby12v.
Ifyouhave80of12vbatteriesthatare80ahbatteriesthatmakes6400ah.Soifallthe80wereparallel(neverdothat)thecalculatorwillsayyou
haveat"1"Kw,"11.566265060240963"hours=11.566265060240963Kw/h's.
Bythesamepoint,ifour80ah12voltbatterieswerearrangedlikenext,"8linesof""10batteriesinseries"using120vpowersystemstorage,
andweusedacalculationfor120vatcurrent(ampere)drawof1Kwitwouldbeexactlythesame!!!"11.566265060240963"hours=
11.566265060240963Kw/h's.!!!
Soyoucanbuildanyvoltagesystemyouwant"with12voltdeepcycleaccumulators"butvoltage(bybatteryarrangement)doesnotandcannot
changethequantityofelectricitystored!
Justaddallthe12vbatteriesAHratingstogetherforthetotal(equivalenttomultiplyingtheAHratingbythenumberofbatteries),orifyouhave2v
singlecelldeepcycleaccumulators(batteries),dividebysixthetotalnumberofbatteriesandthenmultiplythatnumberofaccumulatorsbytheAH
ratingtheyhave(theyshouldallbethesame!e.g.3000ahor250ahor80ah...whatevere.t.c...)
Foranactualpermanentoffgridsystem,because"14000ahworthof12v(25Kwh's15%DOD)"sizeistoocostly(fordedicated10+years),andas
muchthepowersystemcanusebymanagement1:1ratio(halfbatterysupplyANDhalfwind/sungenerator)of"batterybank"to"directsun/wind
generation"canbetheday/nightefficiencybalancewhenaddedtogether,only6000ahworthof12vfornormalgridmimicisrequiredandaround
4000ahforsmallersystemsthehousehashaditsappliancesremodeledforefficiency.
Tomentionithere(forturbinesforprice,it'sbesttotellthelengthsforthe+tothekitsuppliertomatchtheturbineKwandtherequired
lengths)whetherkitoryoubuildpiecebypieceCablesizetovolts,amps,watts
[AmpsandWattscalculatorforSystemVoltages]
Fillinonefieldonly(numeralsonly)tocalculate!
Ifyouwanttofindtheampsinvarioussystemvoltages,simplychangethevoltselectoraftercalculating!
IFyouwanttofindwatts"FROMAMPS"again,"setthevoltageselectorfirstbefore""clickonclear"atextentryfieldtorewriteinAMPSagain
andthenusingtheCalculatebutton!!!
(Volts)
12v
(Amps)
AMPS
CALCULATE
(Watts)
WATTS
[Wattsisameasureof"jobEnergy"extremely"alike"KiloJoulesorKiloCalories]
Hoursof240vusagefromLeadAcid(Gel/fluid)batterybankstorageof12vAmpereHourstotal(ByDODfloatdischarge)
@"X"Kwcurrentdraw
500w
[REQUIRED]
BatteryBankin12vAHTotal
totalInput12vAHhere
[REQUIREDnumeralsonly]
CalculateTime
(5yearsMax)Kw/Hoursof240vTo(30%DOD hours)(TotalinMinutes )
(10+years)Kw/Hoursof240vTo(15%DOD hours)(TotalinMinutes )
WARNING:
[AlwaysresearchGELleadacidfordischargestoprice,apartnormalfluidleadacidtype,anotherisalsoPAM,it'susuallyMOQisthedeal
problembutaskthem]
Whilethecalculationaboveshowsyouhowmuchstoragein"thebasicdailyrequirementmustbeavailable",itdoesnottellyoumuchabout
thedifferencesof"LeadAcidtypebatteriesalone"forthepurposeoflasting12yearsto15%DOD,thefollowingcalculationcanbefedthe
numberofdischargesfromthespecificmodels'datasheettoconverttoyearsasadecimalfraction.
Ifthebatteryisasufficientqualityitwillbehavesomethingalikedoublethe30%DODdischargesat15%DOD.
However,generallyonlyhalfofthetotaldailyrequirementis"onesingledischarge"forstorage(amperehours)purpose,andinheavy
managementtacticandmodifiedhouseholdrefitiscalculatedasonly1/3rdofthetotalstoragerequirementpersingledischargeforthe12year
period.
calculateyears
NumberofDischargestoX%DOD
numberofdischarges
dischargestoYears
4400dischargesis12years,2200is6years.
Asixyearsystemof80xof"40ah"deepcycleGELto30%DODmaybeamoresuitablestrategyforsome.
withthecalculatorabovethebatterybank"3200AH"timeis23.132hourstotal(23Kw/hworthat30%DOD)perdischargeto30%DOD.
Withthedatasheetbelow,wecanseeitwilllast6yearsatorbelow23
o
Celsius.
Sotouseasixyearbatterystrategy,in51/2yearsyouresearchandbuyanother80xof40ahaccumulators.
Onefinalpointtothisis40ahdeepcyclearequitesmall,sobesttousenotabove120vBatterybanksystemvoltageyouchoosetoorder.
Therearemanychemicalcombinationtypesofleadacidbatterysystem,relating"LifespanInYears"becauseoftemperatureandchemistry
type!!!
*PAMadditivelonglifeleadacid.Link:PAMadditivedeepcycle
*GELmoreefficientbasicleadacidorwithPAM.
*Lightconstructedshortlifelowdischargequantitylowtemperatureoperation.
*Longerlifespanhightemperature,heavyconstruction.Link:QualityGELleadacid
*AGMAbsorbedGlassMat.
*SiliconLeadAcidwidetemperatureoperationrange.
ThesearethecommonLeadAciddeepcycletypesandefficiencyvariesimmenselywith,
*price(aboveorbelowMOQ,companyandsetquantity)*Note,alwaysbuy"EXW"or"CIF"(particularly)only!!!(*spnote:MOQMinimum
OrderQuantitye.g.units:"sets"or"pieces")
*DODdepthofdischargeratings(shorterfloatlifespan15%DODissimilarto30%DODlonglife15%ismoredouble30%)
*withtemperaturefloatlifespan(accumulatormodellifespanshouldbemorethan10yearsalwaysatorabove20
o
Celsius!)
*localenvironmenttemperatureaffected"ahcapacity".
*currentdraw"rateofdischarge"affected"ahcapacity".
Inshort,therecanbeanycombinationofmentionedaboveoffered,butitisamatterofverifyingtheprice,themodeland"datasheet
information"areeffectiveata12yearjob.
Youneedtobesureitwilloperatearound50%capacityat10
o
C,thefloatlifeismorethan12yearsat20
o
Cminimum,anddischargeto30%is
atleast1600discharges,andifaGEL.
Inshortalwaysaskforanestimateof15%DODand30%DODandthedatasheet,anditalwaysrequiresahighquality"LeadAcid"tobe
economicenough.
*Asexplainedlater,therearewaysofkeepingthetemperatureofbatteriesatalevelthatwillgivemorethan10years"floatlife"andaround80
90%capacitytochargeto.
RECAPNOTE:Rememberassaidbefore,onlyuseatotallysealedbatterytype,NEVERventilatedtoatmosphere!
Hereisa"DATASHEETExample"ofa200AHGELleadacidbattery"(insufficientversion),theirqualityand
specificationsvarygreatlyalikethestandardsealedfluidleadacid,howevertheygenerallyhavealiketwicethe
dischargesofastandardfluidtypeDODtoDODcomparison.Thisoneisnotsufficientbecauseitratedbelow10
years@20
o
Celsius
Apologies!(oopsblooper!!!thisoneremovedfromlinknextwasalikethebelowat6yearsmaxonly
http://mdeng.en.alibaba.com/product/1934106484221514451/2014_Newly_High_Quality_Gel_Battery_12v_80ah.html)
Hereisasufficientversion80ah100ahGELhttp://ciyibattery.en.alibaba.com/whichthe"20piecesM.O.Q."tradelotwillbemoreexpensive"per
piece"ifonly16werethetradedeal(forsmall48vorsmall96v),butthepiecequantity(50)iseffectivelyperfectbydischargesforthe120vor
240v(240vwouldrequire60pieces)8Kwand10KwHybridpowergeneratorsystemstobetween30%and15%over12yearscomparedtothe
highqualityleadacidsfullstop!Andanothersufficient80ahGEL(largeMOQtradelotwillbemoreexpensive"perpiece")
http://motoma.en.alibaba.com/
LeadAcidBatterytypesmaintenance
Batterycellperformance"measurementsandunits"tutorial
(Quickexplaination)"6monthly"leadacidBattery"Equalisingmaintenance"
"6monthly"leadacidBattery"Equalisingmaintenance"
NOTE:Equalisingleadacidbatteriesshouldbedoneinaccordancewiththerequirementsstipulatedforthe"brand"andmodelwiththe
manufacturersinformation,"sealedbatteries"cannotbechemicallytestedsoaskforthespecificinformationatordertime.
*Somechargecontrollerscomewithan"equalisationfunction",However,asbefore,askforthespecificmaintenanceinformationon
equalisingleadacids'forthemodelatordertime.
HowtoSetachargecontrollerforthebatterymodelusingaDataSheet
Theabovedatasheetisgoodproblemtoshowaboutoneofthemostimportantfeaturesofacontrollerinitssettings!
Achargecontrollermusthavea"settable""Overchargevoltagesetting"andan"Overchargerecoverysetting".
Theoverchargesettingstopsthechargerfromdamagingthebatterybyovercharging,itswitchestheturbinetothedumpload.
Therecoveryfromoverchargeallowsthechargecontrollertochargethebatterybankwhenit'sbeenusedatinypieceandthevoltagehas
droppedaccordingtothesettinggiventoitthatisusuallyonlyhalfavoltlowerthanthe"overchargedsetting(batterybankisfull)".
Inshort,twomainpropersizeddomestichouse"DCsystemvoltages"for8Kwand10Kwexist,120vDCand240vDCbatterybankandhence
chargecontroller!
Tomake120vsystemwith12voltbatteriesrequiresaserieslineof10accumulators.
Tomakealineof240vrequire20accumulators(batteries)inseries.
(Hypothetical)However,therecouldhavebeenabadmishapandlost2batteriesina240vDCbatterybanksystem!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Ifwetakealookattheupperandlowerboundsoftheallowedchargecontrolinputwefindwemayhaveadifferenceofasmuchas30v40v
voltsfrombatterybankfulltobatterybankdrained.
Asbeforealineof20x12vbatteriesthatareemptyare20x11.2volts=224v(lowerbounds).
However,ourDatasheetabovesayseachcellinthe12vbattery(hassixcells)isfullto"ratedAHbatterycapacityfor100%leveltemperature"at
approx.14.4vandshouldbefloatedat2.275vp/cell(13.65v*20=273volts).
14.4vx20=288voltsmakesaccumulatorbankfullto"ratedAHbatterycapacityfor100%leveltemperature".
224voltsisminimum.(*!nearlyequalisingvoltage4.4v!!!!shouldbemorelike"Overcharged(ataround70%80%Capacitymaximumallowed
chargeforbanktemperature):18x13.5=243volts"and"Overchargedrecovery:239volts").
[Hypotheticalbatterydamageemergencysituationserieslinereshuffle]Removingtwobatteriesoneachlinesoeachserieslineofbatteries
hasonly18batteries,atfullmakes18x14.4=259.2volts
Whenyouswitchanapplianceon,thebatteryvoltage(chargequantityrelationship)dropsquicklyforamoment"calledsurgeorappliance
surge"thenrisesbackuptoneartheclosedvoltageandslowlydropsdownwithuse.
Sowhileyoureplacethebatteries,thesystemoverchargesettingcanbe"259volts"andtheoverchargerecoverycanbe"258.5volts"
THEORETICALLY.
DataSheetabove:20xbatteriesseriesline=240v,7.5yearsat20
o
Celsius,100%AHcapacityenabledat20
o
Celsius
Normaloperationis,itshouldbefloatedat2.275vp/cell(13.65v*20=273volts).
So"overchargesetting"shouldbe288volts.
"overchargerecovery"shouldbe276volts(13.8vp/battery).
Andfloatshouldbe272volts(13.6vp/battery)
Therefore,abatterywith80%capacityofAH'sat20
o
Celsius,for15yearslifespanatthattemperature,hasitsoverchargerecoverysetatthe
voltagethebatterytestoutputsat80%capacityofitsratedAH's.
Whentalkingtothesupplieraboutakitandthecontroller,askifithasautomatictemperaturecompensation,whetherabuiltintemperature
sensororifthefloatandoverchargeshouldbesetmanually.
Hereisanexampleonly:Takealookatthevaluesfor:FloatingVoltage(V),OverVoltageShutoff(V)OverVoltageRecovery(V)
[note:Themostsensibleandeffectivesystemisleadacidaccumulatorchemistryconstructionthatcanhandle30
o
Celsiusratedat10years(what
ittakestogetmorethan10yearsat20degrees),expensivecheapversion,simplynotcheap,butmoreworthitspointinAustraliaorequatorial
andtropicalenvironments]
Batteriesshouldbekeptcontinually20
o
Celsius24hoursaday,7daysaweek,365daysayear!!!
Buyandstorearound10xof240vACsupplytype50watt100watttemperaturerangeadjustablefishtankheatersanda10gallonplasticfuel
containerthatcanbesealedwithsiliconsealant.
[NOTE:Thisnextparagraphisalmostredundantandbettersizingtacticsandchemistryarenowknown(80x40ahbatteriesfor6yearsmaybe
betterasGELorPAMthenbuyanotherforasixyearperiodin51/2yearswhenthefirstarenearoutofservice)]
Whenacquiringbatteries"fortheperiodthefirstsetshouldbedesignedtolast7years"(ifnothighqualitysealedleadacid)atleastsoeither
mediumorsuperiorleadacidsealedbatteriesshouldbeused.Amediumqualitybatteryhas[average7yearslifespanat25degreesCelsiusand
1400dischargesapproximatelyto30%DOD].Inpowersystemsetlifespanthesecondset7yearslatermaybelowqualityoranothermedium
quality.Superiorqualityfor9yearsfollowedbylowqualityfor4to5yearsservicelifeisanotherstrategy.
Thisiswhythe10yearsat30
o
Celsiuslifecycletype(highqualitysealedleadacid)isthebestandbasicallyonlychoicetouse,However,
understandingits'capacity%ontheLCDscreenreadoutwillappearannoyingatvarioustemperaturesandwhyalittleadjustmentinhowto
encasethebatterieswithanextra400wsmallhybridsystemand100wfishtankheaterinacompletelysealedplastic10gallonfueldrumto
incubatethehousingorroomtheyarekept,theyareoftenaround75%capacitymaximumbecauseoftemperatureforthechemistrywhenbelow
25
o
Celsius(note,thetemperaturecompensationthermometerisoftenpartofthecontrollerandmustbeinthesameenvironmentasthe
batteries!!!).
Batteryhousingandtemperaturecontrol(a)
(Acoolingfaninsummerisreasonablyoptionalinthebatteryhousing,however,inwinterheatingisnotoptional.Forthebatteriestomaintain
usableandchargeablecapacity,inwintertheymustbeheatedinthebatteryhousing,particularlyhighqualitylonglifecyclebatteries(only
ordinarystandardleadacidtypeaccumulatorsystemisviewedinthisarticlebecauseofcost).Reasonablymuchtoo,forhighqualitylonglife
cyclebatteries,theycanhavedoublewalling,butmediumlowqualityofonly10yearslifeat20
o
Cmusthavetriplewalling)
Aboutbatteryoperationanddatasheets,apointthatisrequiredistonormalisethetemperatureofbatteriesduringuseandstoragebecause
temperaturehasasevereeffectonlifeofthebattery,itcanbeasshortas4or5yearsifabove20to*"25"degreesCelsius(Somebatteriesare
betterthanothersinthisrespectandtheexampleisasuperiorqualityleadacidsealedbatterycomparedtomostbutdonotleaveittochance"life
cycletotemperature").Yourbatteryhouseshouldhavetwoflywirecoveredholesof15cmx15cmatthetopofthewallonbothendsofthebattery
housingtoplacea12vfanintooneofthemforsummerheate.g.a50watt(4amps@12v)or100w(8amps@12v)12vfantorunfromthe"load
circuit(100wor200woutputdependentmodel)"(orusea**"12vDCto240vACinverter"andanormaldomesticroofexhaustfan**note:12v
invertercontrollervoltageisverygoodtheftdeterrentbecauseonlyamaximumof412vdeepcycleaccumulatorscaneverbeputtogether,because
onlyinparallelandnomorethan2KwoutputpoweroritbecomesdangerousanddamagingtotheaccumulatorsAlsoit'sgoodforrunning100w
or200wtropicalfishtankheatersetat2223
o
Celsiusinasealed10gallonplastictankinthebatterybankhousinginwinter,Inwintercloseoffthe
airventgapsandlinethewallsandroofwithcardboardasinsulation.Thehighqualitylifecycletemperaturebatteriesmusthaveheatduring
winter,anditwilldolittleagainstthemediumlowqualitywithalifecycleofonly10yearsat20
o
C)ofasolarhybridlamplightcontrolleror
(controllers).Thisyoucanusea100w500whybridwindsolarkitwitha100w400wturbineandasmall20w200wpanelanda12v10ahbattery,
usethe"loadoutput"circuitfromthecontrollersettothenumber"alwayson"insummermonthsandformuchofAustraliasettothenumber"on
onlyfordaylight"inwintermonths(!mustbehybridsystem).Thetwoholeswillrequiretobeblockedoffifwinterisparticularlycoldasitisin
highlandareas.
note:Thebatteriesinusearehighertemperature(highqualitylifecycleleadacid)batteries1600cyclesto30%DOD.
ANEXAMPLEofaparallel12vsettosetupthechargecontrollerparametersforthebatterybank:
Thismeansat20
o
Celsius"thebatteryisconsideredfullat13.6v"becauseoftemperature.(Calculatedfromdatasheetfor2.5vtypecellforeachof
thesixcellsaddedtogether).
At20
o
Celsiusthebattery"capacityinAHislowerinrating"only80%forthetotalnominatedAHratingofmodeltypeofbattery(12v6celllead
acid).
Thesewerenominally40AHiwasusingsotheyarenow34AHat20
o
Celsius.
TheMeaning................:
Shouldhavesetthe"floatvoltagecharge"settingto13.4v
"overcharge"settingat:13.7v
"overchargerecovery"settingat13.5v
Batteryhousingandtemperaturecontrol(b)
Anothercriticalfactorofbatteryhousingsforthebatteriesistherequirementof"triplewalling(againstinfraredtransferbetweenouterandmid
walls)andatripleroof",anouterwallismadetoblockanydirectsunlightasthesunmovesoverandaroundthehousing.Thisallowsmore
controlledheatdissipationandblocksthedamagingsummerheat.Theseoutercoversectionsshouldnotbeclosedtoairrainwind(inacontextof
aperfectseal,excepttheroofplateofeachbeingwaterproofandtheinneractualhousingbeingwindrainsplashproof),leaveanairgapof10cm
eachcorneroroverlaplength(asyoudesignit),andshouldhaveaslittlecontactwiththeinnerwallaspossible"nocontactofanyformifpossible
initsconstruction"(preventconductanceofheatbetweentheinnerandouterwallsandallowairflowtotakeawayheat).Eachwallsetshouldbe
aroundonefoot(12inches)apartfromeachface(aboxwithinamidboxwithinanouterboxprincipal).
***Note:(Correctwire)Afeatureofaboveisa"smallpower"400wor300wwindturbine,theseturbinesareoftenthoughtbymanyDIYandpeople
whomneedsomesmallelectricitysupplytobefaulty.However,thefaultliesintheinstallerscomprehensionwithatechnicalproblemofwiring.
CopperwireintheUSAhasastandardcalled#AWGrelatedtotheamperagethewirecancarrysafely,However,itsnotquitetheproblemhere!
Theproblemistheactualresistanceofthewireagainstcurrentoverlongdistances.Giventheaboveturbinesareusually12volt(someare24v
others48v)normalautomotivewirecanbeboughtcheapbutnoteffective.Sosomeonethinkstoputtheturbineup10meters,away40meters
fromthehousewheretherearenotreesbutdoesnotrealise8mm
2
wireoratleast90amp12vwirewouldberequiredasminimumto30meters.
After20metersitshouldbe8mm
2
copperandlargeragaintocarrychargewithlowresistanceafter50meters.
Whathappenedisthe400wturbineisonlyproducing100wbecauseofnormalwindbutwhenitgetstothecontrollerthereisonly10wleftfrom
thetravelbecauseofresistance.Thethickerthewireandstrandsthelesstheresistance.6mm
2
istheusualsizeto20meters.
***Note:Rechargeablemulticellaccumulatorcellscurrentdirectionoperatesbybiasofthethroughputfromchargingandbatteryengineering
physicsprincipally,henceusingsix12voltbatteriesinparallelisapurerecipefordisasterbecauseasmanycellsareavailableinbiasedpower
pressureacross(aweirdbutnominallyelectricallycorrectshortcircuit)astherearealong(6seriescellsx6lineend(terminal)cells),notupthe
negativewireandonaroundthroughthecircuitloop.Theremustbelessparallellinesnumberofendcellsthantheserieslinehascells.
Thereisnotmuchworryofthatbecauseeachlineevenina120vDCratedsystemiseffectively60cellsofbiasandat12lines(12endcells)of"10
x12vaccumulatorsinseries"that's60against12(or120against12inalike240vDCsystem)forapropercircuitthroughputdirection.Eventhen,
allthatmainlyoccursistheveryactionofhowchargingbatteriesoccursifonelineisalittleweak,itwillfillthatuntilitbalancestothesame
voltagepressure,soineffectnothingisexactlywrong.
(Ensuringbatteryservicelife)Settingthe"DumpLoad"onthechargecontrollerandBatteryLifeCycletotemperature
and"CAorC"capacity
[note:RememberanInverterisadevicefortakingDCbatterybankandconvertingittoACpowersupplyvoltagee.g.240vac,so120vor240v
batterybankisDCandtheinverteroutputsyourpowersupplyatthevoltageyouspecifiedtothesupplieratordertime]
Thisisverytrickytoexplain.Butyouwillneedtounderstandaccumulator/batteryDataSheetsandtheirgraphsalittle
First,a"dumpload"isaresistorthechargecontrollerusestothrowawayexcessproducedelectricitywhenthebatterybankisfullorwhenthe
windturbineisoverproducinginheavywind,orwhenappliancesarenotbeingusedsufficientlytodrawproducedcharge(forlackofbetter
expressionandsimplicity).
Therearetwofeaturesofthebatterybanksupplyforchargingtoconsiderfromadatasheetoftheaccumulatoryoubuyandusetosetthedump
loadonthechargecontrollerforlongservicelife.
1.TherangeofDCbatterybankvoltagetheinverterisallowedtousee.g.a120vdc"rated"inverterwillbeallowedsomethinglikelowerend110
volts(1.83voltspercell=11voltsperbattery)toupperbounds150volts(2.5voltspercell=15voltsperbattery)
Thereasonforthisisbecausewhena12vdeepcyclebatteryisfullychargeditmeasuresnear15voltswhenfull.Whennearemptyitmeasures10
voltsorlessdependingtemperatureandbatteryengineeringparametersofelectrolytetypeandplateconductordesign.
2.The"maximumcapacityofthebatteryataparticulartemperature"tomatchwhentosetthedumpload(ifsuchasettingiseverspecifically
suppliedforprogrammingusuallypresetinsideforturbinesystems)asasyntheticsettingvaluetocommitdumpingrelatingthetemperature.
Onthedatasheetcanbefoundanumberofgraphssomecontainingalinethroughthegraphandanumberandeithertheletter"C"or"CA"with
thenumber.Thatnumberonagraphplotlineisa"decimalfraction"ofthe"C""C"hargecurrentavailableorinanothergraph"CA"the
"CA"pacityatthattemperature.
Soyouwouldforanyqualityaccumulatorbankcalculatethevoltagethebankproducesdownoneseriesline(e.g.10batteriesina120vsystem)
forthesettingtemperaturetovoltageregardingmainlyonlythequalityofthebatteries.
Thismeansyouwouldusetheproducedvoltagelevelat25degreesCelsiusforgoodqualitybatteriestonotexceedandthevoltage20degrees
forthelowqualitybatteries.Soyourbankneverchargesbeyondthatvoltage.
Thismeansyourbatterieswilllastlongerbecausetheyarenotdeterioratedbyoverchargingorchargeoverloading.Effectivelyonthenumberof
cyclesbyratingatanypercentageatleastitremainsasmuchleadasyoudeteriorateawaybynormalusage.
(PDF)HighQualityservicelifeTheaccumulatorisrated10yearsat30
o
Celsius(HighQuality)***Thesespecificationsaretheonestousebecause
theyneednocoolingandpotentiallycanlast12years,andonlyrequiredoublewallingontheirencasingduringsummer.
(PDF)MediumQualityservicelifeTheaccumulatorisrated10yearsat20
o
Celsius(mediumquality14001600dischargesto30%DOD)**Thisis
OKbutrequirestriplewallingagainstdirectsunlightinsummer.
(PDF)MediumQualityservicelifeTheaccumulatorisrated10yearsat20
o
Celsius(alowendmediumquality)**ThisisOKbutrequirestriple
wallingagainstdirectsunlightinsummer.
(PDF)LowQualityservicelifeTheaccumulatorisrated8yearsat20
o
Celsius(lowquality)*Youwouldusethistypeifyouweremakingasmall
deepcycledsystemthatwasmoderateindailydischargee.g.to40%DODor50%DOD"roughly",meaningyouunderstandtheirlifecyclewillbe
howmuchyouuse.
Afinalnoteaboutbatterybankshedsandbuildings,thetemperaturesensorforcharginglevelcompensationrequiresthecontrollers(s)tobein
theshedwiththebatteriessomuchofthewallingsystemcandependonthesideofyourhouseyoubuildtheshedonto,buttwothingto
remember,1.alineofbatteriesinseriescanweigh150Kgfor120vor96vseriesstring.2.Thesideofthehouseyoubuildtheshedonto
dependingthedirectionyourhousefacesandwherethegeneratorwiresneedtoruntodetermineexactlywhichwallsgetdirect(andinrare
circumstancesuchasbrightwallsandwhiteconcretereflectedlightinclusiveclosewallsaccrossreturninginfrared)sunlight,andwhichwallsto
doubleortriplewall.Ifyoucan,cutaholeinthewallinthesideofyourhousetowindowpanethecontrollersbehindsotheconsolesareusable
toviewforpoweroutput(note:someofthesecontrollerscanbeprefittedwithacomputerUSBconnectorinfodumptoPCandPCsoftware,how
farittransmitsproperlyonwiresidonotknow).
Theproblemwithoffgridpower
Ifthesizeoftheoffgridpowersystemisenough,NOTHINGisaproblemexceptcostofacquiringandinstallingsuchasystem.
Somedifficulties:
1.Largeenoughpoweryieldpanelsettoharvestdirectpowerthroughthechargecontrollerisatleast5Kwofpanels,7Kwratingofpanels
preferred.
2.UnderstandingsolarpanelsthemselveshavevariedyieldofKwrelatingtotemperature(notlighting),e.g.over35degreesCelsiuspanel
electricityproductiondecreasesuntil75
o
Candisonly80%efficient,becauseofthesizeofhotwaterservicesandstoveovensatleast5Kwof
panelsminimumandhighendusageofwashingandcookinginsummershouldbebetween8am10amand4pm6pm.
Examplemanufacturergraphinformation:a.(PDF)SolarPanelresearchPakistanb.Sanyo210wsolarpanelwithpowerefficiencygraph
informationandat75
o
C
3.smallwindturbinesarenotfavorablebelow5Kwbecausewindspeedisoftenonlyhalftheproductionspeedratingoftheturbineatbestuntil
windyweather.e.g.a10Kwwindturbinewillgenerallyonlybeproducing1.5kwto2kwmostofthetime.
4.windcurrentsflowfastermetershighertheairstreamsaltitudesaboveground(from10metersandbelowthereistoomuchslowing
turbulencefromtreesandgroundlayerairmovement),placethewindturbinehigherforgreaterefficiency.e.g.at6meterspoleheight3m/s,at
10meterspoleheight5m/s,at15meterspoleheight6.5m/s.Thetoweronanoffgridshouldalwaysbeatleast15metershigh(thisisjusta
pointaboutthepercentile(statisticsmeasuredpoints)layersofwindp/meter,lowwindareasshouldreallyusealarge8kwor10kwwindturbine
generator).
5.Generallythereismorewindinsummerthanwinterandthereareonly4hoursofgoodproductivelightforpanelsduringwinter.Thismeansthe
systemmustbehybridandrequiresatleast5Kwofpanelsand5Kwofwindturbinegenerator.
6.ThebatteriesrequiretobeallexactsamemodelandagewithanaverageDODratingto30%ofaround14001600dischargecyclesofuse.
7.Thebatterieswillbeatransportloadofaround23tonne.
8.Theoffgridkitwillbearound1tonneweight,anda10Kwwindturbineweighs300Kg,a5Kwturbineweighs130Kg(approximateestimate
only).
*9.*Thebiggestproblemishowtosafelymount30orso1mx1.7mpanelsagainstgaleforcewindorlargelivestock(2.5metersaboveground)and
spaceforthearrays,Asmuchhowtoraise600Kgofwindturbineandtowertoverticalandseatitsolidly.
Anoteaboutinverters(balancingdutyload)
Oneparticularproblemisinverteroutputsize.Atleast10Kwbutthatrequiresbeingextremelycarefultonotoverloaditduringcookingorhot
waterusewhileotherappliancesareinuse.The15Kwinverterisonlyhalfthesizeofanormaldomestichouseinverter"foundonanetwork
electricitypole(30Kw)".Whileyoucanputtwo"offgridinverters"ontothesamebatterybank,undernocircumstanceeverplacethemonthe
samecircuitfortheiroutput.Thisisbecauseoffgridinvertersproducethepowerfromthesamesourceandparticularlytheresonanceofthe
50Hzsystemswillnotbeatinphase.Thislastpointisregardlessoftransformertypesortransformerlessinverters,theybothneedproperpower
outputqualityofresonanceoccurringinphase.
Whatshouldbedoneishave(acquireinthedeal)twoinvertersandputtwoinverters(pairof:10kw'sor8kw'sor5kw's)on"twoseparate
differentACoutputcircuitwiringsets"e.g.Hotwater,washingmachineanditsroomandairconditioneronone,theotherinverterwiththestove
hotplatesandoven,fridgesotherroomse.t.c..
ADVANTAGE:
Thecostofelectricityisalwaysrisingbutbecausethislevelofsystem(15kW)canSAFELYcopewiththedayswhenlittlewindorlittlesunlight
occurs(althougha10Kw5Kwsolarplus5KwwindwillbeOKifyouarepreparedtobecarefulofconsumptiononthefewto2weeksworthof
faysinayearthatcouldoccur),itwillproduceenoughelectricityforoveruseongooddaysallowingextrashowering,cleaningandotheractivities
duringsunnyweatherto5Kw/husage,or3kwusageinwindyweather.Waterheatingnolongerhasacarbonfootprintforwashingmachines,air
conditionerswillnolongerbepayingpremiumondaysover40degreesCelsius.Morethanthis,winteriscoldand2Kwofbarelementheaters
canbeusedwithnocarbonfootprint.
Becauseofthemuchhighersizeofgeneratorcapacitytodirectlyuseelectricityduringbatterychargingthebatterieswilldischargemuchless
andallowalongerlifeofmaybe10years.In10yearsyouwillhaveusedtwicetheelectricityyouwouldwithmainspower.*Thisisallbecauseon
thefewdaysayearwhenthesundoesnotshineandthewinddoesnotblowthesystemMUSTKEEPTHEBATTERIESATORABOVE10percent
discharge(DOD)[90%full]orthebatterieswilldeterioratetoofastafter.
[(NOTE:Thefollowingparagraphisalmostredundantinherefromnewerresearchandwaswrittenasoneoftheearliestdrafts)Whiletheaverage
AustralianHouseiscertainlycapableofdrawing15Kwallattheonetime,"gridmimic"operationcannotbedonewithouthavingatleasttwo8Kw
ortwo10Kwinvertersastwodifferentappliancesupplycircuitsystems]5Kwsystemsof3000wwindand2000wsolarwith"two5Kwoutput
inverter"havethepointusuallyonlyofpricebutaregoodfor"mediumtohighwindareaslikemountainregionswithhousesattopsofhillsand
from20Kminlandtothecoastline"(thiscanbea10Kwwindonlysystemifitisahighwindaverageareaatthetopofamountainorhill)andmore
availablein120vbatterybankspecificationbywhichmeansbatteryquantityboughtcanbe80batteriesof80ahorlarger"ah"batteries.
10Kwinvertersonlyhavetheproblemtonothaveusedthehotwatersystembeforeusingtheovenandhotplatesforcooking(Youcannotloada
normalAustralianhouseusingonlyoneinverter!!!).Whenthatlevelofcookingoccursthecurrentdrawwillonlyallowanairconditioneror
televisionandradioandverysmallappliancestooperatewhilethatisoccurringbecausetheinvertercircuitbreakerwillswitchofftheinverterifit
getsoverloaded.It'sjustalittleeasytodowitha10Kwinverterwhenhotwaterorawashingmachineandrefrigeratorsareinoperation.
Technicallyonlytheovenandtwohotplateplacesonthestoveareusablebecauseofrefrigeratorandfreezer.
WhatdoesitrequiretooperateanAustralianhouseandwithasolarwindhybridoffgridsystem?
Generallyitrequires:
1.15Kw240vac50Hzpowerinverteroreither3phaseorpuresinewavetypeandforappropriatespecifiedbatterybankvoltage
2.100piecesx(12v80ahdeepcyclebatteries"SEALEDNOMAINTENANCEVRLA/SLAorAGM")in5parallelstringsof20for240vdc(voltsDC)or
50150ahdeepcyclebatteriesin5parallelstringsof10at120vdc(voltsDC).
3.Awindturbinegeneratorofatleast5kw"ratedpower"preferred8Kwor10Kwratedwindturbinegeneratorofappropriatevoltageandcurrent
outputratingforthecontrolercharger.
4.minimum5kwofsolarpanels(at250wp/panelmakes20panelsarea)but7Kwpreferred
5.Aspecialchargecontrollerforhybridsystemofmatchingbatterybankvoltageandmatchingboththepanelsandwindturbinevoltages
6.appropriatecorrectspecificationwiring(abletotaketheKwlevelfromthepartsandtransferitfromtheparts)
7.Extrastructurestomountpanels,housebatteriessafefromfloodandweather,andmounttheturbine.
DonotconfuseKiloWatt(Kw)withKiloWatthours(Kw/h)
example:1kw/hisequalto"500wbeingusedfor2hours".
Itrequiresa"15KiloWattpowerinverter"foralmostnormaluseasminimumcomparedtothenetworkmainselectricity(30Kwpowerinverteron
yourstreetpole),butsmallercarefullymanagedactivitiescanusea"10KiloWattpowerinverter"butwillexperiencedifficultywithhighcurrent
drawactivitieswhenmanyappliancesareinuse,suchashotwater,airconditioningandcookingwithhottopsandovenorgrillelementgrate.
Thereasonisthatanyappliancebutparticularlyappliancesusinganelectricmotorsrequire5xto10xthecurrentatnormaloperatinglevelfora
shortperiodof310secondswhenstartinge.g.a300wfridgewhenstartingdraws3000wforasecondortwoandasthemotorspeedscurrent
drawdecreasesdownto300w.
Themostdeviousofmachinesinthehouseisthewashingmachine,thisisbecauseitcommitsanactionofagitationrequiringsomesurgepower
every12secondscausingsuddendrawsoittendstouseat5timesitsratinganddraws10timesitspowerunderloadatstartup.
Atypicalexampleofrequiredcurrent(nonsurgelevel).
Thebelowtablenow(updatedandchanged)hasan*asterisksymboltoindicatehowuntruecurrentsurgeandusagevalueisoftenshownon
othersitesinformation.Thehighestvalueistheminimumconstantpowersupplysizeofinvertershouldbeused.
Thebelownexttablehasrecentlybeenadjustedbecauseofmeasuringsomevaluesandfindingthemnotmentionedproperlyinclusivethesite
thistablehadoriginated(http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/estimatingapplianceandhomeelectronicenergyuse)from.
Somelinksrelatinghotwatersystemsshowing"Kw"heaterelementsizesformodels.
(PDF)Duxhotwatersystems[Inacrobatpdfapp.presscntrl+Fkeysandtype"Kw"inthesearch]
(PDF)Rheemhotwatersystems[Inacrobatpdfapp.presscntrl+Fkeysandtype"Kw"inthesearch]
(PDF)WiringManualofhotwatersystems
"vaguely"averagerequiredcurrent(nosurge)
Airconditioner 3000w
4stovehotplates/placesonhigh 8000w
ovenelement 15002500w
grillelement 10002000w
refrigerator 100700w
freezer 100700w
Domestichotwatersystem 1.5Kw3.6Kw
lighting 500w1000w
desktop(large)computerandperipherals 1000w1500w
stereorecordplayerradio 1000w
digitaltelevision 200w500w
electricfrypan 2000w
32LtMicrowave *4000wpeaking
airexhaustfan 300w
washingmachine *4000wpeaking
Clothesdryerorbarheater 1500w
ImportationdealsandHowtotalktothesupplier
First,Youshouldalwaysbuyunder"CIF"tradepaymentterms(actualmoneytransferisbestdonebyyourbanktotheirbankinternationalT/T).
NOTE:ItisseriouslyadvisiabletohaveAUD2000moreintheaccountper10,000ofcost(andmuch"alikeratioofextra"intinyonline
internationaltransfers/paymentsonexpresssitese.g.ebay)
CIFmeans"CostInsuranceFreight",However"freight"onlymeansinthisinstancetoSydneyportormaybeBrisbaneorDarwinwhereACBPS
takeoverfromshipunloading.TheonlyothertousehereinDIYimportis"EXW"whichmeans"EXWorks"whichisnotquiteasdescribedinthis
instanceduetonationalboundarydifficulties.EXWcanbelikenedtoCIFwithouttheinsurance.
Thereisacommonmethodofimportthebiggunsusewhichiscalled"FOB",FOBmeans"freeonboard"whichasyouwouldexpectofjargon
canbearlittlerelationtowhatthewordsare.
FOBmeanstheproductisyoursandyourresponsibilitywhentheproductisloadedontoyourtruckandleavesthedoorsofthe
factory/warehouseproperty.Notransportorinsuranceisinvolvedinitsprice.
FOBisalsousedasapickpackingfeenotationofgettingreadyanorder.
Talkingtothesupplier(actually"emailonly"isbestforlanguagereasons)
ThesuppliersalespeopleobviouslydonothaveperfectEnglishlanguageskills,butgoodenoughifyourephraseanythingtheydidnot
understand.Neitheraretheythereforachatand.."howstheweather"...AllyouneeddoisuseconciseplainEnglishandtheEN_usspell
checkerinWordorOpenOfficetocreateaclearsimplemessageyouwishsomepricingandinformationbrochuresoftheirproduct,thenplace
themessageintothe"tradesite"supplierrequestformonitsadvertisingpage(asordinarytextpastedin).
Hereisanexampleofamessagetoinitiateinformationrelatingaccumulatorproducts.
However,firstyouwouldfindtheproductonasitesuchasigainedmostofthisinformation,alibaba.comandalsosignupintotheirmessaging
communicationrepositorysystemwithyouremailaddresstouseitasaprincipalmethodofcommunicationmessagingalongwithmessage
copiestoyouremailaddress(Yesyoudogetsomebasicadvertisingmailfromthembutitcouldperhapsinterestyou,yournottalkingnicnac
economicsanyhowsojustignoreitordeleteitifitdoesnotinterestyou,acceptingitispoliterforbothofyou).
Ifyoucannotreadtheinformationinadvertisementsproperly(therearemanylanguagetypos)ontheirsiteoritdoesnotgiveclearinformationor
isnotaverifiedsupplier,ignoretheadvertisement,donotbotherwithaskingthroughthatadvertisementatleast,simplyfindsomeother
advertisementsorsuppliergivingtherequiredinformation.
Dearsir/madam
Doyouhave12volt40ah65ah80ahdeepcycleaccumulatorswiththeserequirementspecifications
atleast1400dischargesto30percentDODminimum10yearslifecyclespanusageat30degreesCelsius
(orminimum10yearsat25degreesCelsius)
andwhatwouldbetheCIF80piecesquotebeforeachtypeifyoudohavethemwiththespecifications.
Thankyou.
HereisanexampleforawindHybridsystemtoinitiateinformation.Thefirstlineisactuallypartoftheirtradesitepageform(..."WhatistheFOB
priceonyourWindSolarHybridpowersystem,Cheap20KWwindsolarpower,Homewindandsolarhybridsystem."...),NOTE:Innumbersreferto
aheadingonthetradesitepageofthetypeof"UNIT"quantityinuseforthatproducte.g."pieces"or"sets"!
WhatistheFOBpriceonyourWindSolarHybridpowersystem,Cheap20KWwindsolarpower,Homewindandsolarhybrid
system.
andWhatwouldbeasingleorder(1set)priceofthe15kw120v3phaseHybridpowersystem(ItsMOQis2notone)?
TheseaportwouldbeeitherSydneyorMelbourneAustralia.
Thankyou,waitingforreply.
Justrememberitsnotapointifthereisalittleextrainformationorthesentencestheyusecouldbeconstructedbetter,itdoesinessencedothe
jobrequiredincontextoftheproductanddon'tasktoomanyquestionsatonceperemail.Itcanbeadayortwobeforeareplybecausethey
processrequestsallovertheworld.
Sothereisnoneedforthis.
Whenyouplaceyourorder,youwilloftenbechargedaFOBpickpackingfeeandwillrequireoftentopay30%oftotalcostupfrontbeforethe
pickpackingoccurs(ThesupplierwillsendyoutheT/Tbankinginformationinwhichaccounttosendmoney).
Whentheorderisready,theywillthennotifyyoutopaytheremaining70%andanyothercharges.
Whenpaying,takenoteofthemethodsatthetopoftheadvertisingpagetheyhaveinthe"tradesites"forthe"methodofpayment".Someuse
WesternUnion,T/TorL/C.
However,themostsensiblemethodisT/Tfromyourbank.
ImportedItemssizeandweightandpackingmethod
BothyourselfandACBPScustomsneedstoknowthetypeofpackingandweightseachpieceofcargowillbe(bothNetandGrossweights).
Thisyoumayneedtopromptthesuppliertotellyouwhenyoufinaliseyourorderwiththembeforeanypayment.Rememberyoucanonlyuse
seafreightbecauseofcostandthecargoloadbeingextremelyheavy.Thepackagingsizeandsizeunitsandalsoweightandweightunitsfor
eachpiecewhetheraccumulatorsonapalletora350Kgwindturbineonaspecialcustompalletinawoodencartonortheguywiretowerona
palletinvariouscartonsallneedtobeaccountedforrecognitionandhandlingbyACBPScustomsandforyoutochecksumandhandlewhen
youobtainitfromthecustomswarehouse.
Asimportantly,allthatinformationwillberequiredtobefilledintothe"N10importdeclarationform"forcustomsintheICSelectronicCargo
supportsystem.
Moneyandpayment"PersonalImport(CCIDnoABN)"
Generally,youcanuseamajorbankandTT(TelegraphicTransfer)butthereareminordifferencestotheexchangerateyouseeonthemediaand
stockexchangefinancialreportingbytypesoftransfer.Whenplacinganorder,sometimesFOBfeeisrequiredwiththe30%oftotalgoodsvalue
ispaidbeforepackingtheorder(usuallyonlythe30%prepaidbeforepackinganorder),whenthatisdoneandready,theother70%isaskedfor
andthegoodssentwhenthatlast70%ispayedintothesuppliersaccount.
*note:PricingoncommercialexporttradesitesofChinaPRCareusuallyexpressedasUSDforeasiercomprehensionofcost.Acquiringrequiresa
knowledgeof¤AUDto¤USDcurrencyexchangerates,internationalbankingmethodssuchasT/TTeleTransfer,bulkbuyingdealsandpacking
feesF.O.B.fees,CIF(CostInsuranceFreighttoseaportonlynote:ChinaonlyshipstoBrisbaneorSydneyportsnoothers),portdockhandling
chargeswithdockspacerentcharges,and,GSTtax(11%),customstariff(5%totalvalue),CCIDCustomsCustomerIDentitynumberorABN.
Transportationandpickupchargesfromfreightcompanies(Youshoulduseanappropriatesizetruckto4.5tonneGVM,andliftequipmentwithyour
ownclassCdriverslicensenotatransportcompany)andhandlingchargesoftypessuchas"lifttruckrequired"atbothends.
Installing
Requiredspacefora15Kwhybridsystemis10metersx20metersgroundarea(morelike20Mx20Mbutwith1.5tonnecableratingeachguide
cableandsetat10mheightonthetowerneckwouldbeOKfor10x20),however,solarpanelsrequirelocating2metersabovegroundatleastto
preventlargelivestockdamagingthem,ontheflipsideofthisthe15kwkits30panelsrequire3lines10meterslongfourmetersaparteach.Apart
aholeforeachtrellisleg1meterdeeptocementtheleginto,Thisrequires3.0mmx40mmx40mmSHSsquaresteelsectionsofsixlegs("3x(3
meter)front"and"3x(4.5meter(approx))back"and"2x(3meter)2.0mmx20mmx20mmSHSfrontsub"and"2x(4.5meter(approx.))2.0mmx
20mmx20mmSHSrearsub")eachtenmeterlineofpanelmounts,and4subsupportlegsbetweenp/10meterline.
Thelegsshouldbeplacedinaholedugwithapostdigger1meterdeepandtheholefilledwithconcrete(withtheuprightleginitbeforepouring
inthecement)toholddownthesailstructure.Toensureitholdsinthecement,drillaholeatthebottomofeachlegandplaceaboltthroughit
protrudinganincheithersidetoactasananchorinthecement.
Therestismainlyangleasarimandsomearchsupportfromlegstorimmidpoints.Afinalnoteaboutthepanelrowtables,thepanelsdorequire
backingstrutsweldedinaspartoftherimacrossfromtoprimtobottomrim,thesearetopreventpanelcompressioningaleforcewinds,all
edgesofeachpanelmustbefasteneddowntopreventwindcompressiontorsion.
Theguywiretowerswiresrequire5metersatminimumradiuspointsfromthecenterofthetowerand1.5tonnecableSWL/WLL.Liftingthetower
mayaswellbeancientEgyptiantricksbutdon'tforgetbeforeitbecomesverticalitcancontinuetotraveldowntheothersideoftheliftpathpast
vertical.Second,don'tletitswayfromsidetosideorthebasewhereitispivotingwillslipoutanddowngoes¤5000ofwindturbine.
A5kwor10kwwindturbineandtowerweighneartoorjustover1tonne,NEVERtrytouseawalltosupportsuchatower,itwillsimplytear
downthewholewall.
note:LengthsofKwratedelectricalwiring(forbotheitherwindorsolar)aregenerallyofferedinsomelengthsorcustomlengthswiththesekitsas
takeorleave,sothereisnothinglikethecorrectwireforthejob.
Toeconomicallydoallthis,learntoweld(AdultlearningcenterorTAFEbasichandymancourseforwelding)witheitheraMIGorArcstickelectric
welder,Arcstickelectricwelderisthebetterbecauseoftheanglesyouwillneedtogetatthejointsonthepanelsupportframetableyoubuild,
Generallyacheap"arcstickwelder"uptoaround130amps"and"an8Kvageneratorwith240vAC15ampoutletcostsaround¤700¤800for
both,althougha130ampgaslessMIGweldingmachinecanrunwitha5Kvageneratoror4kvageneratorandorfroma10amp240vsocketat
approx¤600forboth.Youshouldnotrequirebeyonda3.25mmelectrodewithsome2.5mmelectrodesformildsteel.
note:TheselinkstoequipmentsalesandsuppliesareheretohelpshowexactlythepiecesandproblemsolutionsoflogisticsofDIY
GaslessMIGwelderebay.com.au
4Kvaportablegenerator
Wireless4000LBS/1814kg12VBoatATV4WDElectricWinchAU¤99.90(postageAU¤34.90StandardPostage)
ImportantInstallnotes:
*neverraisethewindturbineorspinituntilitisconnectedtoitscontrollerandthecontrollerisboth"on"and"connectedtothebatterybank"
ready.Spinningitwithoutconnectioncancauseinternalarcinganddestroytheturbinegenerator.
*neveruseanyelectricwelderonframesandpiecesofmetalconnectedtoorwithcloseproximateortouchingupontheshieldingofsensitive
electriccomponentsortouchinganyelectricaldevicewithearthingwiresconnectedtotheweldedmaterial.Thiswillorcaneasilycausedamage
tocircuitryoftheotherelectricalequipment.
*DonotconnectPVarraysorturbinetothecontrolleruntilthecontrollerisconnectedtothebatterybankandready,ANDthedumpload(good
reasonforcompletekitsystemstoo)resistorsystemisconnected.
*Largeinvertersdonothavepowersockets,neitheraretheterminalsforthe240vACcircuitoutput"hotwire"typeasfromaninverter
transformerelectricitygridsystem,currentgenuinelyalwaysflowsonesidethenbacktheotherwayincyclepairs.
*Itisagoodideatoincorporateafuseboxforeachcircuit.Somesuchasthehotwaterheatercircuitmayneeda20Afusewire.
*Whenconnectingtheairconditionercircuitifitsaroofevaporativetype,itmaybea240vDCcircuitandtheconnectionshouldhappenfrom
oneterminalbehinditsdiodeboxifDCtype.Theamperagerequirementsforthemodelforafuseneedtobedetermined.
*Whenplacingthewindturbineontopofthemountingarea,(regardlesswhethermountingitonthe3meterguytowertubetopsectionor
anythingelseanyotherway)blockthegapsbetweenthewiresthatleavetheturbinebase,andalwayscutathinrubbergasketandusesome
sealanttopreventwaterenteringthebaseoftheturbine.Asmuchawindydayandraincanatomisewaterparticlesanditcanblowina
microscopicmistupmanymetersoftubetotheturbineelectricwiringoutletinitsbasecausingcorrosionandpossiblyarcingorshortcircuit.
Alwayscarefullysealthoseareasandgapsorjointsassafepracticeoryoucouldloseapproximately¤4000worthofturbine(a5Kw)justfromthat.
*Ithappenstobeagoodidea(economically)togetthekitsbelowthatarewitha12m(ortallerifoffered)guywiretowerbecauseofcostof
buildingafreestandtoweranditsrequirements.Afreestandtowerasmuchforanoffgridsystemshouldbeaminimumof12metershightosit
abovetreetopaircurrentturbulence(andsitinthehighermeteorologicalmeasuredpercentilelayerofwind).
*Ifyoubuildafreestandtoweralwaysrememberthattosafelyholditupabasicextraof1/5thofitstotallengthmustbeunderground
encapsulatedincement(example:a12metertowerisnowineffect1440cmor14.4meterslongwith2metersand40cmofitunderground
encapsulatedbycement(atleast1meterdiametercementeachlegorifsinglepole1.5meterradius).1/5thextraisaddedlengthwhethera20Kw
turbineora300wturbinesystem)whetherasolidpipebaseor3(tripod)or4legsofanEiffeltype.Anyfreestandtowerbasejoiner"mustsupport"
atleastaround1tonneofmildsteeltowerflexing(extremelyminimal)inagaleforcewind.
*Anotherpartofconcretingthetowerbaselegsistheholeforeachinsertionmustbeatleast1footdeeperthanthetowerbaselengthwitha
readysolidbottomcement.Thelegsofthetowerrequiretobekeptfromcontactwithearthtolowerthepossibilityofalighteningstrike.Donot
putalightningpolewithin80metersofthetower.Toalsoassistlightningstrikeprevention,paintthebaremetalofthetowerwithanoutdoorhigh
temperatureplastictypepaint.
*Alwaysobtaintheguywiretoweranditspartswiththekit,it'sthecheapestinclusivehavingtotransportit.Thekitwillrequireyoutohireat
leasta2tonnevanwithhydraulictaillift.Askthekitsupplieriftheguycablesarepartoftheequipmentandifanyotherpiecessuchasthecentral
anduppercablepoleclampsareinclusive(Neverpresume).
*Ifyourequiretogetandputinyourownanchorpinsfortheguycables(stabilizercables).Thegroundpinsshouldallgo1.5metersdownand
beatleastencasedincement1footdiameter(encasingisalsotopreventelectricalearthing).Suchapinonlyneedbeprotrudingnomorethan30
cm(1.8mlongtotal)abovegroundandbeofextraheavygalvanizedtube(e.g.8mmwall)setinthecenterofthecement.
*guycables(stabilizercables)maybeinaformatofsetof6or8(3fromthetopand3fromthemiddle,or,4fromthetopand4fromthemiddle).
*Youwillpotentiallyneedalittlehelpfromahiredtransportablemobilecraneifyoudonotunderstandtheengineeringandsafety(particularly
delicatevaluableloads)of"slinging"liftingactions.("LF"forkliftlicenseworkcoverNSWtheorybookletscanhelp,ifyoucomprehendthe
engineeringreasonsin"jibs"andfork"loadcenterdistancewithheight"slingingshouldnotbeaproblemtoyoutodevisesomeancient
Egyptianmethod).
Ifthatdoesnotinspireyoutocheckfirstanddothingscorrectly(thinkitthroughcarefullyfirstandcheckitisright,"don'tevertry"something),
maybethiswill....
Guywiringthetower
=====================
Twothingsyouneedtoknowaboutsettingpositionofthefasteningpegsfortheguywires.
1.Thelengththeguywiresshouldbe.
2.Theexactaccuratepositioninthelayoutthepegsshouldbeplaced.
Todothisyouwillneedtounderstandalittlesimplemathsof...
1.Rightangletriangles.
2.Equalateraltriangles.
Butnotmuchifyoureallydon'twantbecausethereisundefinedextralengthyoumustaddforhandlingtojoinandtieoffattheends,so
accuracywillbeeasyenoughwithashortsquarerootmethod.
Firstwe'llfindtheguywirelengthrequired(calculatormethod).
Thetoweris12meterstallbuttokeeptheturbinebladesclearofthewirestheguywireswillbefastenedtothetowerat10meters.
second,thepegforthefirstguywirewillbe7metersawayfromthebaseofthetowerpole.
Witharightangletrianglethe"trianglebase"isthe10meterside.Theextrasideisthe7metersalongthegroundtothepegfromthetowerpole
base.
Thewirefromuptopatthe10meterpointonthetowertothepegistherightangletriangle"hypotenuse".
Sotofindthelengthofguywirerequiredfromtherightangletriangleruleis:
(7x7[is7squared]=49)+(10x10[is10squared]=100)=149squaremeters.
Youusethesquarerootof149astheabsoluteminimumlengthofcabletomakeanyoneofthethreeguywires.
Thesquarerootof149=12.2metersisanupperguywirelength.
Squarerootcalculator
Findingtheguywirelengthbynoncalculatormethodapartapieceofstring,althoughyoucantakethestringlengthandaddedextraforjoining
towhereveryougetcablefromchopped,butthisisusuallyunpracticalandyouneedtogetacableeachofthecorrectminimumlengthwithsome
handlingandjoiningextralengthonit.
Formathematicalaberrantaccuracysake,itiseasytousethesumofthesquaresoftheothertwosideswhichintheexampleis149sqm.
Whatwedoisfindthetwointegersquarerootsthats'squaringresultsareaboveandbelowtheexamples149sqm.
Youmayneedtodothiswithpenandpaperbutlongmultiplicationatthislevelisquiteeasy(easyonapieceofpaperortoscratchinthedirt).
12mx12m=144sqm(below149)
13mx13m=169sqm(above149)
To"theoreticallyasaberration"findthesquareof12.5m(12metersand50centermeters)
***Note:WhiletherehavebeenvariousscandalsabouttheGreyhoundracingindustryinAustraliarecently,AnimalcrueltylawsinAustraliaareextremelyrigidcomparedtomostothernationsaroundtheworld.Theonly
problemiconsiderthesecreaturestrulyhaveisbeingrehomedaftertheyaretoooldtoracepasttheirprimeforracing!
Link:ProblemsofGreyhoundracingforGreyhounds Link:AdoptedGreyhoundCare
Link:GovernmentReport28March2014(PDF) GreyhoundsAsPetsandGreenhounds
7.7In2009GRNSWestablisheditsownrehomingprogramGreyhoundsasPets(GAP).TheaimofGAPisto:provideanavenueforpeopletoadoptformerracinggreyhounds;educateparticipantsontheoptionsfortheir
greyhoundafterracing;andpromotethemeritsofgreyhoundsasapettothewidercommunity.
7.8In2011GRNSWandtheNSWDepartmentofLocalGovernmentlaunchedtheGreenhoundsprogram.TheGreenhoundsprogramallowsforpetgreyhoundstogomuzzlefreeinpublicplacesaftertheysuccessfully
completearetrainingprogramandaredeemedsuitablebyanapprovedGreenhoundsassessor.GRNSWadvisedthatmorethan200Greenhoundsarenowmuzzlefree.350
Greyhoundrehomingsites:Link(1):GreyoundAdoptionService Link(2):GreyoundAdoptionService Link(3):GreyoundAdoptionService
Somethingcompletelydifferent:Link(1):DingoConservation(re:State/TerritorykeepingLaws) Link(2):DingoConservation(re:State/TerritorykeepingLaws)
*SlackwareLinuxInstall(Developers(orAdvancedHomeUser)OS"KDE")
*DebianLinuxInstall(DesktopWorkstationOS"Gnome")
*MintLinuxInstall(HomeUserDesktopOS"Gnome")
*SteamOSInstall(GamersWorkstatione.t.c.OS)
*Otherse.g.Suse,Fedora,CentOS,RedHat...Install(UserDesktop/Workstation/othere.t.c.OS)
ScientificLinuxInstall(R&DEnterpriseandScienceOS"N/Aasmuchrunlevel")
FreeBSDUNIXInstall(NetworkingNFSOS"N/A")
*RescatuxLinux(bootloaderRescue/repairdistro)Install(BootloaderandbinariescrashrescueOS"primitiveGUI")
*ConfiguringLinuxMozilla,Firefox,SeaMonkey
*LinuxSeaMonkeyWebBrowserdownload
Remember!Thisiscomplexbyquantitytoknow,notactualimmensescience
(butahandlingofbasicdecimalplacemathsandfractionsisagoodpoint)
1.'Thoughtherearecommercialsitesthatdooffgridsystemsfordomestichouses,"UNLESStheircalculationforbatterybanksizeisdoneas25Kw/h
30Kw/hperday(note:allelectricalenergyhouse)"youwillhavebeenmisinformedbythem!
2.TheAHamperehours"total"required"forusage"fromthebatterybank,forthecalculationtotalis[15%ofthetotal=25Kw/hto30Kw/h]becausethebank
mustlast10yearsormoreandhighqualitylongfloatlifeleadacidareminimumasalsoDoNotuseUPSbatteries,theymustbedeepcycle.(note:Whenyou
understandwheredirectsupplycomesfrom,Actually,only2/3x(twothirdsofORascarefullymanagedsystemhalfof...)25Kw/h30Kw/h=15%).
Withthisinformationyoushouldbeabletohave12yearsofelectricityusingaslittleasan8Kwhybridandhighqualityaccumulators(batteries)
thatisnomorecostlythan10yearsworthofgridelectricity***"basedoncurrent2014gridelectricityprice"!
Atthe8kwkitlevelitdoesrequireasmallquantityofheavyloadmanagementduringusagebutdoeseffectivelycontaintwicethequantityof
worthof10yearsgridelectricityforthe12yearperiodof8Kwkitusage(inan"allelectric"housecookingaircon.heatinghotwatersystem)!
Quote:Thisarticle:..."Whileitistruesolarpanelscontinuetooperatewhensunisbehindclouditisnowherenearasefficientandoftendropsto
25%output(e.g.5Kwpanelsoutputs1.25Kw)particularlyoncloudydaysandinwinter."...
Finally,withtheprenoteaboveinmindon12vsystemsbydownsizingappliancesizesandrunningjobsoneafteranothernevertogether,itis
possibletodesignanallelectricalsmallhousewith"2volt"(not12)deepcycle(e.g.eachasinglecellofa3000ah,around200Kg,withextra
terminalsforgreatercurrentdrawandthroughputsoalineofsixis12vandcanoutput3Kwconstant)storagesystemstolast12years(12vis
alsogoodfor"houseswith"gasheatingcookingandgashotwater)athalfthefinalcostsofan8Kwkit,butwouldbebetterdonetogetholdofa
"48vdc5Kwwindsolarhybridkit(3Kwwind2Kwsolar)"with"two8Kwpuresineinverters"(preventstooheavywork)andchoose12vdeep
cycleswith32xaccumulators(batteries)(suchasonly40ahlonglifespan)meaningithas8parallellinesof4xbatteries.
Because,thereservecapabilitiesofthesystemforlargerjobsinemergencyandreplacementabilitiesofextraordinarymishaponbatteriesifever,
ismuchsaferandeasiertomanagethan2vsets.Asmalleradhocsystemsuchaspersonalholidayhousesorextrahousesonruralpropertiesor
caravanssemipermanentdwellingsisamoreeffectiveapplicationof12vsystems,orsupplementalabilitiestotemporarilysupplyanappliance
aspowersourceduringayearlyperiodifrequired.
Page 1 / 26