User Manual Starlink SL9003Q Digital Studio Transmitter Link Doc.
ii WARRANTY All equipment designed and manufactured by Moseley Associates, Inc., is warranted against defects in workmanship and material that develop under normal use within a period of (2) years from the date of original shipment, and is also warranted to meet any specifications represented in writing by Moseley Associates, Inc., so long as the purchaser is not in default under his contract of purchase and subject to the following additional conditions and limitations: 1.
iii SL9003Q Manual Dwg # 602-12016-01 R: G Revision Levels: SECTION DWG REV ECO REVISED/ RELEASED Table of Contents 602-12016-TC1 D DCO1065 October 2003 1 602-12016-11 D DCO1065 October 2003 2 602-12016-21 D DCO1065 October 2003 3 602-12016-31 D DCO1065 October 2003 4 602-12016-41 D DCO1065 October 2003 5 602-12016-51 D DCO1065 October 2003 6 602-12016-61 D DCO1065 October 2003 7 602-12016-71 D DCO1065 October 2003 Appendix 602-12016-A1 D DCO1065 October 200
iv Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
v Using This Manual - Overview Section 1 System Features and Specifications A short discussion of the SL9003Q features and specifications. Section 2 Quick Start For the experienced user that wants to get the system up and running as soon as possible. Contains typical audio settings, RF parameters, and performance checks.
vi Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
vii Table of Contents 1 System Features and Specifications 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 Quick Start 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 3 Introduction Front Panel Operation Screen Menu Navigation and Structure Screen Menu Summaries Intelligent Multiplexer PC Interface Software NMS/CPU PC Interface Software Module Configuration 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6 Rear Panel Connections Preliminary Bench Tests Site Installation Antenna/Feed System Transmitter Antenna Testing Link Alignment Operation 4.1 4.2 4.
viii 7 System Description 4.7 4.8 4.
ix List of Figures Figure 2-1 SL9003Q Typical Rack Mount Bracket Installation......................................2-4 Figure 2-2 SL9003Q 2 or 4 Channel Digital STL Setup ................................................2-5 Figure 2-3 SL9003Q Repeater Setup ...........................................................................2-6 Figure 2-4 SL9003Q Digital Composite Setup ..............................................................2-7 Figure 2-5 Radio TX Status Performance Check .....................
x Figure 8-2 Starlink SL9003Q RX Main/Standby Connection (w/OPTIMOD)..................F-5 Figure 8-3 Receiver Audio Output Switching-External Control (Discrete or Digital Audio) ................................................................................................................................F-6 Figure 8-4 Starlink Digital Composite Transmitter Main/Standby Configuration ..........F-8 Figure 8-5 Starlink Digital Composite Receiver Main/Standby Configuration ............
1 System Features and Specifications Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
1-2 1.1 Section 1: System Features and Specifications System Introduction The Moseley STARLINK 9000 is the first all-digital, open-architecture, modular system for CD-quality audio transmission. The versatility and power of the STARLINK 9000 comes from a complete range of “plug and play” personality modules.
Section 1: System Features and Specifications 1.2 1-3 System Features In addition to establishing a new industry standard for studio-transmitter link performance, the SL9003Q incorporates many new and innovative features, including: • Linear 16 bit digital audio performance. • Higher system gain, 26 dB more than analog composite STL. • Degradation-free multiple hops. • Configurable for up to 4 linear audio program channels per STL system. • No crosstalk between channels.
1-4 1.3 Section 1: System Features and Specifications Specifications 1.3.1. System Specifications - Discrete Audio Capacity 4 linear (32 or 44.1 kHz sample rate) + 2 data channels; (Typical Configurations) 2 linear (44.1 kHz sample rate) + LAN (500 kbps) with 6-port MUX 2 linear (44.
Section 1: System Features and Specifications 1-5 Bit Error Immunity >1X10E-4 for no subjective loss in audio quality Async Data Channels One for each audio pair Aggregate Transmission Rates Depends on number of audio channels Diagnostics FWD Power, REV Power, TX Lock, Radiate, RSL, BER, RX Lock Status Indicators Full Duplex: Fault, Alarm, Loopback, TX, TXD, RX, RXD, NMS/CPU. Transmitter: Fault, Alarm, VSWR, Radiate, Standby, AFC Lock, Modulator Lock, NMS/CPU.
1-6 Section 1: System Features and Specifications Audio Distortion 0.035% or less, 50 Hz to 15 kHz (de-emphasized, 20 Hz – 15 kHz bandwidth, referenced to 100% modulation, unweighted). Stereo Separation > 65 dB, 50 Hz to 15 kHz , typically 70 dB or better (referenced to 100% modulation = 3.
Section 1: System Features and Specifications 1-7 Table A- 1 Bit Rate, Threshold and Bandwidth for SL9003Q Equipment Variations Bit Rate 10E-4 Threshold (dBm) Bandwidth ** (kHz) Application (kbps) 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 2-Channel Linear Audio 32 kHz Sample & 1 data channel 1024 -93 -91 -89 300 250 200 2-Channel Linear 48 kHz Sample & 1 Data Channel 1536 -91.5 -89.5 -87.
1-8 Section 1: System Features and Specifications Spurious and Harmonic Emission < -60 dBc Type of Modulation User Selectable: 16, 32, 64, 128 QAM FCC Emission Type Designation 200KD7W 250KD7W 300KD7W 500KD7W FCC Identifier CSU9WKSL9003Q74 Power Source AC: DC: Power Consumption 70 Watts Dimensions 17” W x 14” D x 5.2” H (3RU) [ 43.2 cm x 35.6 cm x 13.2 cm] Weight 24 lbs. (52.8 kg) 1.3.4.
Section 1: System Features and Specifications 1.3.5. 1-9 Audio Encoder Specifications Sample Rate 32/44.1/48 kHz selectable, built-in rate converter Analog Audio Input XLR female, electronically balanced, 600/10k ohm selectable, CMRR > 60 dB Analog Audio Level -10 dBu to +18 dBu, rear panel accessible Digital Audio Input AES/EBU: Transformer balanced, 110 ohm input impedance SPDIF: Unbalanced, 75 ohm input impedance Data Input 9-pin D male RS-232 levels Async.
1-10 1.3.7. Section 1: System Features and Specifications Composite Specifications Input Level 3.5 Vp-p for 100% modulation; (1.8 - 4.8 Vp-p rear-panel adjustable) Input Type BNC female, unbalanced, 100kohms Output Level 3.5 Vp-p for 100% modulation; (1.8 - 4.8 Vp-p rear-panel adjustable) Output Type BNC female, unbalanced, Low-Z (<5 ohms) Output Load 75 ohms or greater, maximum load capacitance 0.047 microfarads.
Section 1: System Features and Specifications 1.4 1-11 Regulatory Notices FCC Part 15 Notice Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
2 Quick Start Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
2-2 2.1 Section 2: Quick Start Unpacking The following is a list of all included items. Description SL9003Q Transmitter (3RU) SL9003Q Receiver (3RU) Qty 1 (STL Link) 1 SL9003Q Transceiver (3RU) (Repeater) 1 Rack Ears (w/hardware) 4 Power Cord (IEC connector) 2 Manual - CDROM (call for printed manual) 1 Test Data Sheet (customer documentation) 2 Be sure to retain the original boxes and packing material in case of return shipping. Inspect all items for damage and/or loose parts.
Section 2: Quick Start 2-3 WARNING HIGH VOLTAGE IS PRESENT INSIDE THE POWER SUPPLY MODULE WHEN THE UNIT IS PLUGGED IN. REMOVAL OF THE POWER SUPPLY CAGE WILL EXPOSE THIS POTENTIAL TO SERVICE PERSONNEL. TO PREVENT ELECTRICAL SHOCK, UNPLUG THE POWER CABLE BEFORE SERVICING. UNIT SHOULD BE SERVICED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. PRE-INSTALLATION NOTES • Always pre-test the system on the bench in its intended configuration prior to installation at a remote site.
2-4 2.3 Section 2: Quick Start Rack Mount The SL9003Q is normally rack-mounted in a standard 19” cabinet. Leave space clear above (or below) the unit for proper air ventilation of the card cage. The rack ears are typically mounted as shown in Figure 2-1. Other mounting methods are possible, as outlined in Section 3, Installation. Figure 2-1 SL9003Q Typical Rack Mount Bracket Installation 2.
Section 2: Quick Start 2-5 Ethernet I/O (UDP Stream) (RJ45-8 pin, 500 kbps typ.
2-6 Section 2: Quick Start 1.
Section 2: Quick Start 2-7 Composite from FM Stereo Generator/ Processor Digital Composite Transmitter (BNC, 3.
2-8 2.5 Section 2: Quick Start Transmitter Power-Up Setting The LCD screen (“RADIO TX CONTROL”) selects the power-up state and controls the radiate function of the TX unit. The unit powers up to the MAIN MENU: TX = Transmitter RX = Receiver XC = Transceiver (Repeater) SL9003Q TX Main Menu METER RADIO SYSTEM v ALARMS/FAULTS Up/Down Arrow to scroll through the screens • Scroll Down to RADIO, press ENTER. • Configure the launch screen for "CONTROL TX".
Section 2: Quick Start • 2-9 Verify the AUTO setting (default setting, as shipped). Scroll Right/Left to choose: AUTO/OFF/ON Radio TX Control TX Radiate RADIO TX CONTROL SETTING AUTO AUTO Functional Description Transmitter will remain in radiate at full power unless the VSWR of the load causes a high reverse power indication at the RFA. If this is the case , the red VSWR LED will light and the transmitter will cease radiating.
2-10 2.6 Section 2: Quick Start Default Settings and Parameters Listed below are the typical default module settings and parameters. This gives the experienced user a brief rundown of the pertinent information required for system setup. These settings may be accessed through board jumpers or software switches. See Section 5, Module Configuration, of this manual for a detailed account of the various module settings and parameters. 2.6.1.
Section 2: Quick Start 2.6.2. 2-11 Composite The composite channel is located on the Composite MUX (4-Port) module (see Fig. 2-4). Table 2-2 Composite MUX (4-Port) Typical Settings 2.6.3. Input Level 3.5 Vp-p for 100% modulation Input Type BNC female, unbalanced, 100kohms Output Level 3.5 Vp-p for 100% modulation Output Type BNC female, unbalanced, Low-Z (<5 ohms) Output Load 75 ohms or greater, maximum load capacitance 0.047 μF.
2-12 2.6.4. Section 2: Quick Start RF Module Parameters The RF module parameters are optimized for the shipping configuration of the unit and there are no user adjustments available. The following parameters are given for reference only. The test data sheet and LCD screens will list the unit’s RF telemetry values and will be specific to your unit. 2.6.5. Frequency (MHz) Power Output Average (Watts) PA Current (Amps) 160-240 1.0 1.5 300-512 1.0 1.5 800-960 1.0 1.5 1340 - 1520 0.5 1.
Section 2: Quick Start 2-13 Figure 2-5 Radio TX Status Performance Check Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
2-14 Section 2: Quick Start Receiver Performance Check Use the RADIO MODEM STATUS screens to check the SL9003Q Receiver performance parameters. Fig. 2-6 outlines the navigation to the LCD Screens and gives typical readings. Be sure to check the Test Data Sheet for the actual factory readings from your particular unit.
3 Installation Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
3-2 3.1 Section 3: Installation Rear Panel Connections 3.1.1. Power Supply Slot The leftmost slot in the SL9003Q card cage (as viewed from the rear of the unit) is designated as the “PRIMARY A” power supply. This slot always contains a power supply. The next slot to the right is designated as “SECONDARY B”. This slot will be occupied only if a high-power amplifier option is installed, or a redundant power supply option is installed.
Section 3: Installation 3-3 AC P/S ANLG DGTL 110-240V, 47-63Hz Universal Input: 90-260 VAC, 47-63 Hz. ! CAUTION ! FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST RISK OF FIRE, REPLACE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING OF FUSE DISCONNECT LINE CORD PRIOR TO MODULE REMOVAL 5V 10V 12V Typical Power Consumption: Transmitter: 80 Watts Receiver: 45 Watts Status LED’s: ANLG – Green Indicates +12V OK DGTL - Green Indicates +5V OK 24V Figure 3-1 SL9003Q AC Power Supply CAUTION High voltage is present when the unit is plugged in.
3-4 Section 3: Installation The DC input is isolated from chassis ground and can be operated in a positive or negative ground configuration. The power supply module is removable from the unit and no high voltages are accessible.
Section 3: Installation 3.2 3-5 Preliminary Bench Tests It is best to perform back-to-back tests of the entire system while the user has both Transmitter and Receiver at the same location, prior to installation at the site. Digital STL's have different parameters for system checks than analog STL's. Back-to-back bench testing is a good way to familiarize the user with the SL9003Q Discrete Audio and Composite systems.
3-6 Section 3: Installation SL9003Q 2 Channel Transmitter RS-232, 300-9600 bps (selectable) Serial Data I/O AC P/S NMS AUDIO ENC QAM MODEM 950 MHz +30 dBm (1 W) PWR AMP UP/DOWN CONVERTER TRUNK ANLG DGTL N M S DATA TRUNK 110-240V, 47-63Hz DoubleShielded RG142 or Equivalent ANTENNA TO PA CPU TX LOCK TP RESET ! CAUTION ! FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST RISK OF FIRE, REPLACE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING OF FUSE X F E R DISCONNECT LINE CORD PRIOR TO MODULE REMOVAL AES/EBU SPDIF 70 MHz OU
Section 3: Installation 3-7 Figure 3-4 SL9003Q Digital Composite Bench Test Setup Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
3-8 Section 3: Installation 3.2.1. RF Bench Test Test Equipment RF Wattmeter 950 MHz operation with a measurement range of 1–5 Watts RF Power Attenuator 50 ohm, 5 watt “dummy load” for 950 MHz operation with 20 to 30 dB of attenuation Variable Step Attenuator 0–100 dB at 950 MHz Procedure 1. Connect the equipment as shown in Fig. 3-3 for a Discrete Audio link or Fig. 3-4 for a Digital Composite STL.
Section 3: Installation 3-9 SL9003Q RX Main Menu METER RADIO v SYSTEM ALARMS/FAULTS Up/Down Arrow to make selection and scroll through the screen ENTER Scroll Right/Left to choose: STATUS/CONTROL/CONFIGURE/COPY Radio Launch Scroll Right/Left to choose: TX/RX/MODEM STATUS RX ENTER Radio Rx Status Freq 950.0000MHz v Down Arrow v FORC -60 AUTO Rx Synth AFC LO LOCK 2.4 100.0 Received Signal Level in dBm Typ. -60 dBm dBm v Down Arrow Rx Rcvr RSL Atten v V % 7.
3-10 Section 3: Installation 9. With the POST-BER in the display, press ENTER. This will reset the bit counter (# BITS) to zero. There should be no errors (# ERRORS = zero) under this signal condition. 10. Verify BER threshold performance of the system as follows: Increase the variable attenuation until the QAM MODEM STATUS (BER POST) screen displays a BER POST reading of approximately 1.00E-06. This will take some time in order to accumulate enough bits for an accurate measurement. 11.
Section 3: Installation 3-11 13. Reset the bit counter (press ENTER) and verify error-free operation 14. Proceed to the Audio Bench Test for further performance verification. 3.2.2.
3-12 Section 3: Installation 8. Measure the audio frequency response: 32 kHz sample rate: 5 Hz-15 kHz +/- 0.2 dB 44.1 kHz sample rate: 5 Hz-20 kHz +/- 0.2 dB 48 kHz sample rate: 5 Hz-22.5 kHz +/- 0.2 dB 9. Signal to Noise: Measure the 1 kHz level and set a reference for an SNR measurement. 10. Disconnect or disable the tone at the encoder input and measure the SNR of the system: AES/EBU in/out: < -90 dB (-92 typ.) Linear/Compressed ANALOG in/out: < -82 dB (-84 typ.) Linear/Compressed 11.
Section 3: Installation 3-13 Procedure 1. Connect the equipment as shown in Fig. 3-4. Be sure to physically separate the TX and RX units by greater than 15 feet. 2. Ensure the link is RF operational as outlined in the RF Bench Test (Section 3.2.1). Adjust the attenuator for an RSL reading of –60 dBm +/- 2 dBm and verify error-free operation. 3. Composite Test: Apply a 400 Hz stereo tone, at a level of 0 dB (full scale), to the left and right channels of the FM Stereo Generator for 100% modulation.
3-14 Section 3: Installation CHANNEL 1 connector on the receiver. Default interface is 300 baud, 8 bit, odd parity. Confirm data is properly received through the radio. This completes the bench tests for the SL9003Q system. If you have any problems or discrepancies, please consult the Test Data Sheet to check factory readings. If there is still a problem, please call Moseley Technical Services (see Section 6). 3.3 Site Installation The installation of the SL9003Q involves several considerations.
Section 3: Installation 3-15 Figure 3-5 Receiver Site Installation Details Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
3-16 3.3.1. Section 3: Installation Facility Requirements The site selected to house the SL9003Q should follow conventional microwave practice and should be located as close to the antenna as possible. This will reduce the RF transmission line losses, minimize possible bending and kinking of the line, and allow for the full range potential of the radio link. The building or room chosen for installation should be free from excessive dust and moisture.
Section 3: Installation 3-17 (Typical) Figure 3-6 Rack Ear Bracket Mounting Methods 3.4 Antenna/Feed System 3.4.1. Antenna Mounting The antennas used as part of the SL9003Q system are directional. The energy radiated is focused into a narrow beam by the transmitting antenna and must be aligned towards the receiving antenna. The type of antenna used in a particular installation will depend on frequency band and antenna gain requirements. These parameters are determined by the path analysis.
3-18 Section 3: Installation edges to avoid damage. A kinked line indicates damage, so the damaged piece must be removed and a splice installed to couple the pieces together. 3.4.3. Environmental Seals The connections at the antenna and the transmission line must be weather-sealed. This is best accomplished by completely wrapping each connection with Scotch #70 tape (or equivalent), pulling the tape tight as you wrap to create a sealed boot.
Section 3: Installation 3.5 3-19 Transmitter Antenna Testing After assuring that the SL9003Q is properly installed, attach the transmission line to the "N" connector labeled ANTENNA on the rear of the SL9003Q. Tighten the connector by hand until it is tight. Connect the appropriate audio and data cables to the ports on the rear panel.
3-20 Section 3: Installation data rate. By pressing ENTER while viewing the screen, the error count will reset to zero. This is useful while making antenna adjustments, as erroneous errors can be eliminated from the display for ease of use. After peak alignment is achieved, tighten the bolts to hold the antenna securely. Doublecheck the RSL and BER STATUS indications. Link alignment is complete.
4 Operation Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
4-2 7.1 Section 4: Operation Introduction This section describes the front panel operation of the SL9003Q digital radio/modem. This includes: 7.2 • LCD display (including all screen menus) • Cursor and screen control buttons • LED status indicators • Bargraph Display Front Panel Operation A pictorial of the SL9003Q front panel is depicted in Figure 4-1 below. The LED status indicators are different for the transmitter, receiver or repeater; and are detailed in Section 4.2.3.
Section 4: Operation 4-3 4.2.1 LCD Display The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) on the SL9003Q front panel is the primary user interface and provides status, control, configuration, and calibration functionality. The menu navigation and various screens are explained in detail later in this section. Contrast Adjustment: The contrast adjustment is front panel accessible (to the left of the LCD). A small flathead screwdriver may be used to adjust for optimum visual clarity. 4.2.
4-4 Section 4: Operation 4.2.3 LED Status Indicators There are eight status indicator LED's on the SL9003Q front panel. Their functions are listed in Table 4-1 (Transmitter), Table 4-2 (Receiver) and Table 4-3 (Full Duplex Systems). Table 4-1 LED Status Indicator Functions (Transmitter) FAULT RADIATE ALARM STANDBY VSWR AFC LOCK NMS MOD LOCK LED Name Function FAULT Fault RED indicates that a parameter is out of tolerance and is crucial to proper system operation.
Section 4: Operation 4-5 Table 4-2 LED Status Indicator Functions (Receiver) LED Name Function FAULT Fault RED indicates that a parameter is out of tolerance and is crucial to proper system operation. If the fault corrects itself, the event will be logged, and the LED will turn off. See the Fault Log Page in the screen menu for a list of events. ALARM Alarm YELLOW indicates that a parameter is out of tolerance, but is NOT crucial for proper system operation (cautionary only).
4-6 Section 4: Operation Table 4-3 LED Status Indicator Functions (Repeater/Full Duplex Systems) LED Name Function FAULT Fault RED indicates that a parameter is out of tolerance and is crucial to proper system operation. If the fault corrects itself, the event will be logged, and the LED will turn off. See the Fault Log Page in the screen menu for a list of events. ALARM Alarm YELLOW indicates that a parameter is out of tolerance, but is NOT crucial for proper system operation (cautionary only).
Section 4: Operation 4-7 4.3 Screen Menu Navigation and Structure 4.3.1 Screen Menu Navigation Main Menu The main menu appears on system boot-up, and is the starting point for all screen navigation. Unlike most other screens in the software, the main menu scrolls up or down, one line item at a time.
4-8 Section 4: Operation 4.3.2 Saving Settings (system-wide) Changes Made SAVE SETTINGS? NO The "Save Settings" screen will appear after the user has made some kind of change using either a configure or control screen. If this screen appears, and the user did not intend to change anything, then select NO (using the RIGHT/LEFT arrows) and press ENTER. CAUTION: This is a system-wide choice.
Section 4: Operation 4-9 Figure 4-4 Top Level Screen Menu Structure Note: There may be minor differences in the purchased unit, due to software enhancements and revisions. The current software revision may be noted in the SYSTEM sub-menu (under INFO). CAUTION DO NOT change any settings in the CONFIGURE or CALIBRATE screens. The security lock-out features of the software may not be fully implemented, and changing a setting will most likely render the system non-operational! 7.
4-10 Section 4: Operation 4.4.1 Meter Function Settings Summary Bargraph ENCDR1, 2, … DECDR1, 2, … NONE Selects the desired audio source for display on the audio level bargraph Turns off the bargraph Led Dsp A B Used for future option 4.4.2 System: Card View Cards Active B.Addr RF RXA 0 1 DECDR 1 2 ENCDR 1 Cards Active B.
Section 4: Operation 4-11 4.4.3 System: Power Supply Function Settings Summary Indicates type of supply: Primary AC DC Universal AC input DC Option DIGITAL 5.20 V nominal Voltage level of the main +5 volt supply ANALOG 12.00 V nominal Voltage level of the main +12 volt supply. (12V is regulated to 10V for Power Amplifier but not monitored) 4.4.4 System: Info Function Settings Summary Unit No.
4-12 Section 4: Operation 4.4.
Section 4: Operation 4-13 4.4.6 Factory Calibration The Factory Calibration Screens are documented below. The user may refer to this diagram when instructed to do so by Moseley customer service technicians. Though the user is given access to the factory calibration menu area to allow for field servicing and monitoring of certain measurements, be aware that changing any parameter (pressing ENTER) may cause the units to fail to operate properly.
4-14 Section 4: Operation Figure 4-6 Factory Calibration-Radio RX Screens Factory Calibrate RADIO TX SYSTEM RADIO RX QAM MODEM QAM Modem-A Cal AFC LVL OCXO SYNTH LVL MOD LVL OCXO-A Cal Freq Adj 209 Mode MASTER CW OFF Synth Lvl-A Calibr Reading Calibr Val 100.00 117.02 Mod Lvl-A Reading Calibr Val Calibr 100.00 150.00 AFC Lvl-A Reading Calibr Val Calibr 4.50 2.
Section 4: Operation 4-15 Factory Calibrate RADIO TX SYSTEM RADIO RX QAM MODEM System Cal 15V-RFA BATT +5VD +15VA System Cal 15V-RFA-Prim. Calibr Reading Calibr Val 15.00 9.64 Battery-Prim. Calibr Reading Calibr Val 12.50 14.06 EXTERNAL ANALOG #1 #2 #3 #4 Extern A/D 1 Calibr Reading Calibr Val 12.00 0.00 Extern A/D 4 Calibr Reading Calibr Val 12.00 0.
4-16 Section 4: Operation 4.4.7 SYSTEM: UNIT-WIDE PARAMS Parameter Value Unit No.
Section 4: Operation 4-17 Function Settings Summary Unit No 1-255 Defines Unit # for network ID MAIN TITLE TRANSMITTER RECEIVER TRANSCEIVER T1 DTV Link NXE1 DS3 TX DS3 RX DS3 XC EXP RX EXP TX Determines main menu display and affects screen menu selection of modules Redundant OFF ON Chooses redundant supply option IP MSB IP IP LSB SNM MSB SNM SNM LSB GW MSB GW GW LSB 1-255 IP address settings (w/ SNMP option installed) Calc Ber always RMT LOC IP address settings (w/ SNMP option installed)
4-18 Section 4: Operation 4.4.8 System: Date/Time System Day Month Year Date 29 06 98 System Hour Minutes Seconds Time 15 35 48 Function Settings Summary Day Month Year 01-31 01-12 00-99 Sets the system date used for NMS and Fault/Alarm logging After selection, press ENTER to save Hour Minutes Seconds 00-23 00-59 00-59 Sets the system time used for NMS and Fault/Alarm logging After selection, press ENTER to save 4.4.
Section 4: Operation 4-19 4.4.10 System: External I/O (NMS) Function Settings Summary Ext A/D Readings: #1- 0.00 #2- 0.00 #3- 0.00 #4- 0.00 Monitors analog inputs #1, #2, #3, and #4 dc levels. #1- OFF #2- OFF #3- OFF #4- OFF Monitors digital inputs #1, #2, #3, and #4 logic levels. RELAY CONTROLS Relay Controls: Manually force relay contacts closures for external relays #1,#2, #3, and #4.
4-20 Section 4: Operation 4.4.11 Alarms/Faults ALARMS Module Parameter Nominal Trip Value LED Status QAM RF TX Reverse Power 0.05 Watt > 0.25 Watt VSWR PA Current 1.8 Amp > 3.0 Amp LO Level 100% < 50% Exciter Level 100% < 50% RSL -30 to –90 dBm LO Level 100% < 50% BER - >1.
Section 4: Operation 4-21 FAULTS Module Parameter Nominal Trip Value LED Status QAM RF TX Forward Power 1.0 Watt < 0.5 Watt RADIATE AFC Lock Lock Unlock AFC LOCK PA Temp 40 deg C >80 deg C QAM RF RX AFC Lock Lock Unlock AFC LOCK QAM MODEM AFC Lock Lock Unlock MOD/DEM LOCK Mbaud Lock Unlock MOD/DEM LOCK Dbaud Lock Unlock MOD/DEM LOCK Dfec Lock Unlock MOD/DEM LOCK Fault definition: A specific parameter is out of tolerance and is crucial for proper system operation.
4-22 Section 4: Operation 4.4.12.1 QAM Modulator Status - Transmitter Function Settings Summary BAUD LOCK (default) UNLOCK Indicates modulator PLL is locked to incoming data clock IFMOD 100% NOM Modulator level SYNTH LOCK (default) UNLOCK Confirms 70 MHz IF synthesizer is phase locked AFC 1.8 VDC (nominal) 70 MHz IF synthesizer AFC voltage IFOUT 100% (nominal) IF output level Mode 16Q (nominal) 32Q 64Q 128Q 256Q QPSK Modulation mode BAUD xxx.
Section 4: Operation 4-23 SPCTR NRML Spectrum Normal or Invert FLTR xx % Nyquist filter INTRL x Interleave Depth 4.4.12.2 QAM Demodulator Status - Receiver BER Screens Function Settings Summary BER Post 0.00E-00 Post-FEC (Forward Error Correction) Bit Error Rate since last “ENTER” reset BER Pre 0.00E-00 Pre-FEC (Forward Error Correction) Bit Error Rate since last “ENTER” reset # Bits 0.0000E+00 # of Bits counted since last “ENTER” reset # Errors 0.
4-24 Section 4: Operation To determine the rate at which errors occur, or how many errors occur in any period of time, multiply the BER by the Data Rate and scale by the amount of time. For instance to calculate the average number of errors in an hour period, BER (errors/bit)* Data Rate (bits/sec) * 60 secs/min * 60 min/hour, for example: 1.46E-10 errs/bit * 2.048E+06 bps* 60 secs/min * 60 min/hour = 1.08 errors/hour 4.4.12.3 QAM Demodulator Status - Receiver Screens (Continued) SLOSS ES SES UNAS 1.
Section 4: Operation 4-25 Function Settings Summary SLOSS x.xxxE+xx Signal Loss ES x.xxxE+xx Error Seconds SES x.xxxE+xx Severely Errored Seconds UNAS x.xxxE+xx Unavailable Seconds BAUD LOCK (default) UNLOCK Indicates modulator PLL is locked to incoming data clock FEC LOCK (default) UNLOCK Indicates FEC decoder is synchronized SYNTH LOCK (default) UNLOCK Confirms 70 MHz IF synthesizer is phase locked AFC 1.
4-26 Section 4: Operation 4.4.12.
Section 4: Operation 4-27 DATA Source: RPT RX Clock CLK Source: RPT Clk Phase: Normal Inverted FVers. x.xx Firmware Version Xvers. xx IC firmware Version 4.4.13 Radio TX Status Function Settings Summary Freq A 948.0000 MHz Displays the transmitter output carrier frequency Status of transmitter: XMTR TRAFFIC FORCED (default) ON in a hot standby mode Forced ON FWD 1.00 Watt (nominal) Output Power of TX REV 0.07 Watt (nominal) Reverse (or reflected) power at antenna port PA CUR 1.
4-28 Section 4: Operation Warning on Adjusting Transmit Power Attempting to increase the transmit power will cause the radio to fail to operate. Why? The digital QAM modulation used in the SL9003Q though very spectrally efficient is extremely sensitive to channel linearity. When shipped from the factory the system is operating at its maximum transmit efficiency.
Section 4: Operation 4.4.14 4-29 Radio RX Status Function Settings Summary Freq 948.0000 MHz Displays the receiver operating frequency Transfer status of receiver: XMTR RSL TRAFFIC FORCED (default) Is operating, ready for transfer Is operating, will not transfer (forced ON) -30.0 to -90.
4-30 Section 4: Operation 4.4.15 Radio TX Control Radio TX Control TX Radiate AUTO Function Settings Summary TX Radiate AUTO (default) Transmitter radiating, but folds back output power on high antenna VSWR (REV PWR) Transmitter radiating Transmitter not radiating ON OFF 4.4.16 Radio RX Control QAM Radio RX Control Rx Atten AUTO Function Settings Summary RX ATTEN AUTO (default) ON OFF ON, and is activated on high signal level ON always OFF 4.4.
Section 4: Operation 4-31 Function Settings Summary Mode/Effic 16Q/4 32Q/5 64Q/6 128Q/7 256Q/8 QPSK/2 Select Modulation mode DATA RATE N x 64 kbps, 2048 Valid range depends upon configuration. INTERLEAVE 1,204 2,102 3, 68 (default) 4,51 6,34 12,17 Interleave depth.
4-32 Section 4: Operation TX Clock Clk Source: EXT TXC EXT RXC RECOVERED INTERNAL External TX Clock External RX Clock Recovered Clock Internal Clock Clk Phase: Normal Inverted Normal Inverted TX Clock Out Clk Phase: Normal Inverted Normal Inverted RX Clock Clk Source: EXT TXC EXT RXC RECOVERED INTERNAL External TX Clock External RX Clock Recovered Clock Internal Clock Clk Phase: Normal Inverted Normal Inverted 4.4.18 Radio TX Configure Radio TX Config Freq 950.
Section 4: Operation 4-33 4.4.19 Radio RX Configure Radio RX Config Freq 950. 0000 MHz Radio RX LO Side LO Freq LO Step Config LOW 880.0000MHz 25.0 kHz Function Settings Summary FREQ 950.5000 MHz Displays the frequency of the receiver and allows the user to make frequency changes. 4.4.
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5 Module Configuration Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
5-2 5.1 Section 5: Module Configuration Introduction This section provides the experienced user with detailed information concerning the board level switches, jumpers and test points that may be necessary for configuring or troubleshooting modules in the SL9003Q. This information is provided for advanced users only, or can be used in conjunction with a call to our Technical Services personnel. Changing of these settings may render the system unusable, proceed with caution! 5.
Section 5: Module Configuration 5-3 AUDIO DEC DATA TRUNK Digital Data Stream I/O: (V.35/RS449) AES/EBU/SPDIF Zout=110 ohm, transformer balanced, 32, 44.1, 48 kHz sample rate (32 kHz typ.) Data Output: RS232 levels, 9pin D male, Asynchronous 300-38400 bps (4800 max for ADPCM) AES/EBU SPDIF Left (Ch.1)/Right (Ch.2): Zout<50 ohm, active balanced, +10dBu = 0 VU LEFT CH. 1 RIGHT CH.
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Section 5: Module Configuration 5-5 MPEG Encoder-M M1 off=0 off=0 on=1 on=1 M0 off=0 on=1 off=0 on=1 ISO/MPEG Coding mode mono dual channel /double mono (C5) joint stereo [default] stereo M5 off=0 off=0 off=0 off=0 off=0 off=0 off=0 off=0 on=1 on=1 on=1 on=1 on=1 on=1 on=1 on=1 M4 off=0 off=0 off=0 off=0 on=1 on=1 on=1 on=1 off=0 off=0 off=0 off=0 on=1 on=1 on=1 on=1 M3 off=0 off=0 on=1 on=1 off=0 off=0 on=1 on=1 off=0 off=0 on=1 on=1 off=0 off=0 on=1 on=1 M7 0 M6 0 M2 off=0 on=1 off=0 on=1 off=0
5-6 Section 5: Module Configuration S32 – System Config ISO/MPEG Decoder Board M1 off=0 off=0 off=0 off=0 off=0 off=0 off=0 off=0 on=1 on=1 on=1 on=1 on=1 on=1 on=1 on=1 M2 off=0 off=0 off=0 off=0 on=1 on=1 on=1 on=1 off=0 off=0 off=0 off=0 on=1 on=1 on=1 on=1 M3 off=0 off=0 on=1 on=1 off=0 off=0 on=1 on=1 off=0 off=0 on=1 on=1 off=0 off=0 on=1 on=1 M4 off=0 on=1 off=0 on=1 off=0 on=1 off=0 on=1 off=0 on=1 off=0 on=1 off=0 on=1 off=0 on=1 ISO/MPEG Rate reserved 32 kb/s 48 kb/s 56 kb/s 64 kb/s 80 kb/s
5-7 5.2.1. Section 5: Module Configuration AES/EBU and SPDIF Switch S81 configures the digital audio input (Encoder) or output (Decoder) for the AES/EBU “professional” standard (3 wire XLR balanced) or SPDIF “consumer” standard (2 wire unbalanced). The AES/EBU setting is the factory default.
5-8 5.2.2. Section 5: Module Configuration Analog Audio Gain and Input Impedance Encoder (Analog In Card): Jumpers E2 and E5 set the left and right channel input impedance. HI-Z is default (shown) and the user may set it to 600 ohm for external equipment compatibility. Jumpers E3 and E6 set the gain for the analog input stage. 0 dB is default (shown) and the user may set the unit for up to 40 dB of additional gain if the external equipment has a low output level.
Section 5: Module Configuration 5.2.4. 5-9 Board ID Switch S22 sets the Board ID number and Base Address. These are not to be changed by the user. 5.2.5. System Configuration Switches S23, S31, and S52 set the board configuration for operation in the system. These are not to be changed by the user. 5.3 Digital Composite System 5.3.1. Data Channel Figure 5-10 shows a typical interconnection of remote control (Burk ARC-16) and corresponding settings on the composite card for proper operation.
5-10 Section 5: Module Configuration STUDIO SITE (STL TX) RS-232 Data Interface from Burk Remote Control DB-9F From Burk ARC-16 “OUT” BNC-M 1 RG-58 or equiv. DCD RXD TXD DTR 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 DSR RTS CTS DTR GND To Digital Composite “CH1” E101 E100 (Don’t Care) (shield) CASE 1 1 Located on Composite Card TRANSMITTER SITE (STL RX) RS-232 Data Interface to Burk Remote Control DB-9F From Digital Composite “CH1” DSR RTS CTS DTR 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 DCD BNC-M RG-58 or equiv.
Section 5: Module Configuration 5.4 5-11 QAM Modulator/Demodulator There are no user adjustments on this card. All calibrations are factory-set, and configuration settings are controlled remotely by software (via the front panel or serial port).
5-12 5.5 Section 5: Module Configuration IF Card Upconverter/Downconverter There are no user adjustments on this card. All calibrations are factory-set, and configuration settings are controlled remotely by software (via the front panel or serial port). Figure 5-12 Up/Down Converter Front Panel 5.6 Transmit/Receiver Module (RF Up/Downconverter) There are no user adjustments on this card.
Section 5: Module Configuration 5-13 QAM Radio Launch CONFIGURE TX QAM Radio TX Config Freq 944.5000 MHz 2. Using the cursors, change to the desired frequency. Press ENTER. The unit should continue to indicate AFC LOCk (green) on the front-panel. 3. The transmitter synthesizer AFC voltage will change depending on the frequency programmed from the front panel. This voltage will typically be between 0.5 Vdc to 8.5 Vdc for the 944 MHz to 952 MHz band.
5-14 5.6.2. Section 5: Module Configuration Changing Frequency — RX The carrier frequency of receiver may be changed via the front panel within a 20 MHz range without internal adjustment or realignment. This is accomplished as follows: 1. Power-up the unit and navigate the LCD screens as follows and press enter: QAM Radio Launch CONFIGURE RX QAM RADIO RX Config Freq 944.5000 MHz 2. Using the cursors, change to the desired frequency. Press ENTER.
Section 5: Module Configuration 5.6.3. 5-15 Measuring Carrier Frequency — TX Typically it will not be necessary to measure the transmit carrier frequency. Starlink transmit carrier is derived from a very stable 0.1 ppm OCXO (ovenized controlled crystal oscillator) and is factory calibrated to an ovenized frequency reference. However if it is required to measure the carrier frequency this may be achieved by entering the factory calibration menu tree. Here is how: 1.
5-16 5.8 Section 5: Module Configuration MUX Module 5.8.1. Composite MUX (4-Port) Figure 5-13 Composite MUX (4-Port) Front Panel The MUX is documented in a separate user manual.
Section 5: Module Configuration 5-17 4-Port Mux: For composite STL systems, the 4-port mux (with composite option card) is used to route and multiplex the composite signal to the QAM modulator. 5.8.2. 6-Port MUX (Ethernet/IP Interface) Figure 5-14 6-Port MUX Front Panel The MUX is documented in a separate user manual.
5-18 5.9 Section 5: Module Configuration NMS/CPU Module Provides system CPU control, front panel interface & card setup programming. NMS I/O Port: RS232 PC access N M S Status LED: Green Indicates CPU OK CPU RESET X F E R Reset Switch: Activates hard system reset Transfer Panel Interface External I/O/Solid State Relays EXT I /O Figure 5-15 SL9003Q NMS Card 5.9.1. External I/O The NMS External I/O provides control and monitoring via the 26 pin high-density connector on the NMS card.
Section 5: Module Configuration 5-19 received signal level with a voltmeter helps facilitate antenna alignment. Long-term link and path statistics are obtained by logging RSL fade and BER data. Fig. 5-16 presents the physical pin number locations of the external I/O 26 pin connector. Table 5-1 gives pin descriptions for the 26 pin external I/O interface.
5-20 5.9.2. Section 5: Module Configuration Relay Electrical Interface Relays 1 to 4 (pins 8 through 1 on I/O connector, respectively) are solid-state relays rather than mechanical relays. Figure 5-17 below shows a schematic illustration of representative relay interface. RELAY 4 D G 2 + LOAD S 1 D Ext I/O PVG612 Power MOSFET Photovoltaic Relay Single Pole, NO, 0-60V, 2.0A DC, .
Section 5: Module Configuration 5.9.3. 5-21 Relay Mapping Configuration 5.9.3.1. Mapping Set 1 and “Map Faults-Relays” Set ON The analog output is selected by connecting pins 17 and 18 to ground pins 19-23 in the order shown below: Analog Output: Ext I/O pin 10 Digital Input (external I/O connector): #18 #17 OUTPUT Open Open BER Ground Open RSL Open Ground FWD PWR Ground Ground REV PWR To set the mapping, perform the following steps (refer to section 4.4.
5-22 Section 5: Module Configuration To set “Map Faults-Relays”, perform the following steps: On the SL9003Q Tx Main Menu Use Up or Down arrow to select System Scroll down to External I/O Scroll down to Map Fault-Relays Use left or right arrow to select Off or On for Map to Relays Use left or right arrow to select Yes to save settings In a Receiver Relay 2 pins 5 (-) and 6 (+) Any Fault or Alarm or Equipment Power Off Relay 2 = Off (Set Open) No Fa
Section 5: Module Configuration 5-23 In a Transmitter Relay 1 pins 7 (-) and 8 (+) Tx control set OFF or transfer set COLD and unit is not Selected or Equipment Power Off Relay 1 = Off (Set Open) Tx control set ON or AUTO or transfer set COLD and unit is selected and Equipment Power On Relay 1 = On (Set Closed) Relay 2 pins 5 (-) and 6 (+) Any Fault or Alarm or Equipment Power Off Relay 2 = Off (Set Open) No Faults or Alarms and Equipment Power On Relay 2 = On (Set Closed) In a Transceiver Relay 1 pins 7
5-24 5.9.3.2. Section 5: Module Configuration Mapping Set 2 and “Map Faults-Relays” Set ON Relays remain the same as for Mapping 1 but analog output is manually selected by performing the following steps: On the SL9003Q Tx Main Menu Use Up or Down arrow to select System Scroll down to External I/O Scroll down four times Use left or right arrow to set analog output (see table in Mapping 1) Use left or right arrow to select Yes to save settings 5.9.3.3.
Section 5: Module Configuration 5-25 5.9.4 NMS External Output Characteristic The NMS monitor output (Ext I/O pin 10) may be set for Received Signal Level (receiver) and Forward Power (transmitter) as described above in Section 5.9.2.1 (see Section 4.4.10 for corresponding menu screens). Figure 5-18 shows the representative output characteristic for the receiver RSL. Starlink Ext. NMS Voltage (Pin10) vs. Received Signal Level 4 3.2 Vout (Vdc) 2.4 1.6 0.
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6 Customer Service Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
6-2 6.1 Section 6: Customer Service Introduction Moseley Associates will assist its product users with difficulties. Most problems can be resolved through telephone consultation with our technical service department. When necessary, factory service may be provided. If you are not certain whether factory service of your equipment is covered, please check your product Warranty/Service Agreement. Do not return any equipment to Moseley without prior consultation.
Section 6: Customer Service 6.3 6-3 Factory Service Arrangements for factory service should be made only with a Moseley technical service representative. You will be given a Return Authorization (RA) number. This number will expedite the routing of your equipment directly to the service department. Do not send any equipment to Moseley Associates without an RA number.
6-4 6.4 Section 6: Customer Service Field Repair Some Moseley Associates equipment will have stickers covering certain potentiometers, varicaps, screws, and so forth. Please contact Moseley Associates technical service department before breaking these stickers. Breaking a tamperproof sticker may void your warranty. When working with Moseley’s electronic circuits, work on a grounded antistatic surface, wear a ground strap, and use industry-standard ESD control.
Section 6: Customer Service 6-5 Field Repair Techniques If an integrated circuit is suspect, carefully remove the original and install the new one, observing polarity. Installing an IC backward may damage not only the component itself, but the surrounding circuitry as well. ICs occasionally exhibit temperature-sensitive characteristics. If a device operates intermittently, or appears to drift, rapidly cooling the component with a cryogenic spray may aid in identifying the problem.
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7 System Description Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
7-2 7.5 Section 7: System Description Introduction The SL9003Q consists of a transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) pair of units that are matched in frequency and modulation/demodulation characteristics. The following sections describe the TX system, RX system, followed by sub-system components. Please reference the accompanying block diagrams for reference and clarification.
Section 7: System Description 7-3 The SL9003Q TX is a modular digital radio transmitter system that operates in multiple RF bands (160-240, 330-512, 800-960, 1340-1520, and 1650-1700 MHz) and provides simplex data transmission up to 2.048 Mbps increments in 8 kbps steps. The block diagram in Figure 71 shows operational block partitions that also represent the physical partitions within the system.
7-4 Section 7: System Description 7.6.1. Audio Encoder AUX ASYNC DATA RS-232 TRANSLATOR ASYNC TO SYNC CONVERTER L&R DIGITAL AUDIO L Front Panel R Bargraph D/ A D1-D5,D7,R5 AES/EBU SPDIF S52 R6 L CLIP GEN L AUDIO R R A/D LINEAR FRAME SYNC ZEROES SINE GENERATOR MODEM LINEAR Front Panel CLIP LEDs R6 LEVEL FIFOs SOURCE ENCODER R1,R2,M3 XLATORS DDS X2 INPUT XTAL OSCs 24576 33868.
Section 7: System Description 7-5 The digital audio data (linear or compressed) and the auxiliary data channel are subsequently coded into a single data stream. In a 2 channel system, this data stream is sent to the QAM Modulator module directly. 7.6.2. Intelligent Multiplexer The MUX is documented in a separate user manual.
7-6 Section 7: System Description The resultant carrier is translated up to 70 MHz by the IF Upconverter daughter card (located in the same module). This is accomplished by a standard mixing of the carrier with a phaselocked LO. A 70 MHz SAW filter provides an exceptional, spectrally-clean output signal. 7.6.4.
Section 7: System Description 7.6.5. 7-7 Power Amplifier LPF RF IN I O F PA Out R Fwd Pwr Rev Pwr Figure 7-5 SL9003Q RF Power Amplifier Block Diagram The Power Amplifier (PA) is a separate module that is mounted to a heatsink and is fan-cooled for reliable operation. The PA is a design for maximum linearity in an amplitude modulationbased system. Forward and reverse (reflected) power are detected and sampled to provide metering and ALC feedback.
7-8 7.7 Section 7: System Description Receiver Figure 7-6 SL9003Q Receiver System Block Diagram The SL9003Q RX is a modular digital radio receiver system that operates in multiple RF bands (160-240, 330-512, 800-960, 1340-1520, and 1650-1700 MHz), and provides simplex data transmission up to 2.048 Mbps increments in 8 kbps steps. The block diagram in Figure 7-6 shows operational block partitions that also represent the physical partitions within the system.
Section 7: System Description 7-9 All modules (excluding the Front Panel) are interconnected via the Backplane which traverses the entire width of the unit. The Backplane contains the various communication buses as well as the redundant transfer circuitry. The power supply levels and status are monitored and the NMS/CPU card processes the data.
7-10 Section 7: System Description 7.7.2. QAM Demodulator/IF Downconverter Daughter Card IF Input 70 MHz BPF BPF 70 MHz 6.4 MHz IF Output Synth Level 6.4 MHz -10dBm 76.4 MHz PLL Data Clk Loop Filter AGC Control VCO PLL Enbl Ref Synth Lock Figure 7-8 SL9003Q IF Downconverter Daughter Card Block Diagram The QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) Demodulator module consists of an IF Downconverter and a QAM Demodulator card.
Section 7: System Description 7.7.3. 7-11 Intelligent Multiplexer The MUX is documented in a separate user manual. Typical broadcast applications are described here: 4-Port Mux: For composite STL systems, the 4-port mux (with composite option card) is used to route and demultiplex the composite signal from the QAM demodulator. 6-Port Mux: For discrete STL systems, the 6-port mux (with Ethernet option card) is primarily used to interface and demultiplex the Ethernet data stream from the QAM demodulator.
7-12 Section 7: System Description The Audio Decoder module accepts the data stream and the recovered clock from the backplane (QAM Demod or the MUX). This data (compressed or linear) is fed to the FIFOs (First In. First Out) buffers. The data is then passed through the FIFOs to an initial data multiplexer. Sine wave and “zeros” test signal generators are available on the card (switch selectable) for system testing.
8 Appendices Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
8-2 Appendices (This page intentionally left blank) Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
Appendix A: Path Evaluation Information A-1 Appendix A: Path Evaluation Information Please visit www.moseleybroadcast.com and click on support for online Path Evaluation resources or simply telephone Moseley Customer Services for help in this area. A.1. Introduction A.1.1 Line of Site For the proposed installation sites, one of the most important immediate tasks is to determine whether line-of-site is available.
A-2 Appendix A: Path Evaluation Information Primary effects, caused by an obstacle that blocks the direct path, depend on whether it is totally or partially blocking, whether the blocking is in the vertical or the horizontal plane, and the shape and nature of the obstacle. The most serious of the secondary effects is reflection from surfaces in or near the path, such as the ground or structures.
Appendix A: Path Evaluation Information A-3 There are in addition, of course, the second, third, fourth, etc. Fresnel zones, and these may be easily computed, at the same point along the microwave path, by multiplying the first Fresnel zone radius by the square root of the desired Fresnel zone number. All odd numbered Fresnel zones are additive, and all even numbered Fresnel zones are canceling. A.1.
A-4 Appendix A: Path Evaluation Information K factors of 1 are equivalent to no ray bending, while K factors above 1 are equivalent to ray bending away from the earth's surface and K factors below 1 (earth bulging) are equivalent to ray bending towards the earth's surface. The amount of earth bulge at a given point along the path is given by: h = (2d1xd2)/3K Where, h = earth bulge in feet from the flat-earth reference.
Appendix A: Path Evaluation Information A-5 Where CF is the Fresnel zone clearance and F1 is the first Fresnel zone radius. A.1.5 Path Profiles Using ground elevation information obtained from the topographical map, a path profile should be prepared using either true earth or 4/3 earth's radius graph paper. To obtain a clear path, all obstacles in the path of the rays must be cleared by a distance of 0.6 of the first Fresnel zone radius.
A-6 A.2.2 Appendix A: Path Evaluation Information Losses Although the atmosphere and terrain over which a radio beam travels have a modifying effect on the loss in a radio path, there is, for a given frequency and distance, a characteristic loss. This loss increases with both distance and frequency. It is known as the free space loss and is given by: A = 96.6 + 20log10F + 20log10D Where, A = free space attenuation between isotropics in dB. F = frequency in GHz. D = path distance in miles. A.2.
Appendix A: Path Evaluation Information A-7 Table 8-1 Typical Antenna Gain ANTENNA TYPE 450 MHz BAND 950 MHz BAND 5 element Yagi 12 dBi 12 dBi Paraflector 16 dBi 20 dBi 4' Dish* (1.2 m) 13 dBi 19 dBi 6' Dish* (1.8 m) 17 dBi 23 dBi 8' Dish* (2.4 m) 19 dBi 25 dBi 10' Dish* (3.0 m) 22 dBi 27 dBi C. Line 4. Total lines 1, 2, and 3, and enter here. This is the total gain in the proposed system. D. Line 5.
A-8 Appendix A: Path Evaluation Information F. Line 7. Enter the total receiver transmission line loss (see Table A-3 above). G. Line 8. Enter the total connector losses. A nominal figure of -0.5 dB is reasonable (based on 0.125 dB/mated pair). H. Line 9. Enter all other miscellaneous losses here. Such losses might include power dividers, duplexers, diplexers, isolators, isocouplers, and the like. Losses are 1.5 dB per terminal. These only apply for full duplex systems.
Appendix A: Path Evaluation Information A-9 a (terrain factor) = 4 for smooth terrain. = 1 for average terrain. = 1/4 for mountainous, very rough, or very dry terrain. Q. Line 18. Enter the Climate Factor. b (climate factor) = 1/2 for Gulf coast or similar hot, humid areas. = 1/4 for normal interior temperate or northern regions. = 1/8 for mountainous or very dry areas. R. Line 19. Enter the minimum Annual Outage (from Table A-6). S. Line 20. Enter the Reliability percentage (from Table A-6). A.2.
A-10 Information Appendix A: Path Evaluation r = actual fade probability/Rayleigh fade probability ( =10-F/10) Where, F = fade margin, to the minimum acceptable point, in dB. For the worst month, the fade probability due to terrain is given by: rm = a x 10-5 x (f/4) x D3 Where, D = path length in miles. f = frequency in GHz. a (terrain factor) = 4 for smooth terrain. = 1 for average terrain. = 1/4 for mountainous, very rough, or very dry terrain.
Appendix A: Path Evaluation Information A-11 Over a year, the fade probability due to climate is given by: ryr = b x rm Where, b (climate factor) = 1/2 for Gulf coast or similar hot, humid areas. = 1/4 for normal interior temperate or northern regions. = 1/8 for mountainous or very dry areas. By combining the three equations and noting that Undp is equal to the actual fade probability, for a given fade margin F, we can write: Undp = ryr x 10-F/10 = b x rm x 10-F/10 or Undp = a x b x 2.
A-12 Information Appendix A: Path Evaluation Table 8-6 Relationship Between System Reliability & Outage Time RELIABILITY OUTAGE OUTAGE TIME PER: (%) TIME (%) YEAR 0 100 8760 50 50 80 MONTH (Avg.) DAY Hr 720 hr 24 hr 4380 Hr 360 hr 12 hr 20 1752 hr 144 hr 4.8 hr 90 10 876 hr 72 hr 2.4 hr 95 5 438 hr 36 hr 1.2 hr 98 2 175 hr 14 hr 29 min 99 1 88 hr 7 hr 14.4 min 99.9 0.1 8.8 hr 43 min 1.44 min 99.99 0.01 53 min 4.3 min 8.
Appendix A: Path Evaluation Information A.2.7 A-13 Path Calculation Balance Sheet Frequency of operation GHz Distance Miles SYSTEM GAINS 1. Transmitter Power Output dBm 2. Transmitter Antenna Gain + dBi 3. Receiver Antenna Gain + dBi 4. Total Gain (sum of lines 1, 2, 3) dB SYSTEM LOSSES 5. Path loss ( miles) 6. Transmission Line Loss TX (Total Ft 7. ; dB/100 ft) - dB - dB - dB Transmission Line Loss RX (Total Ft U ; dB/100 ft) 8. Connector Loss (Total) - dB 9.
A-14 Information Appendix A: Path Evaluation (This page intentionally left blank) Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
Appendix B: Audio Considerations B-1 Appendix B: Audio Considerations B.1 B.1.1 Units of Audio Measurement Why dBm? In the early years of broadcasting and professional audio, audio circuits with matched terminations and maximum power transfer were the common case in studios and for audio transmission lines between facilities. Console and line amplifier output impedances, implemented with vacuum tube and transformer technology, were typically 600 Ohms.
B-2 B.1.4 Appendix B: Audio Considerations Old Habits Die Hard Unfortunately, the “dBm” terminology has hung on long after its use is generally appropriate. Even some of the most competent manufactures of high-technology digital and analog professional audio equipment still use the dBm unit in their setup instructions. Users are told to apply an input signal of “+4 dBm” and then to adjust trim pots for an exact 0 VU indication on a 24-track digital audio tape recorder, for example.
Appendix C: Glossary of Terms C-1 Appendix C: Glossary of Terms A/D, ADC ADPCM AES/EBU AGC ATM BER CMRR Codec CPFSK CSU D/A, DAC dB dBc dBm dBu DCE DSP DSTL DTE DVM EMI ESD FET FMO FPGA FSK FT1 IC IEC IF IMD ISDN Kbps kHz LED LO, LO1 LSB MAI Mbps Modem ms MSB MUX s V NC NMS NO PCB Moseley SL9003Q Analog-to-Digital, Analog-to-Digital Converter Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation Audio Engineering Society/European Broadcast Union Auto Gain Control Automatic Teller Machine Bit Error Rate Common Mode
C-2 Appendix C: Glossary of Terms PCM PGM PLL QAM R RF RPTR RSL RSSI RX SCA SCADA SNR SRD STL TDM THD TP TTL TX Vrms Vp Vp-p VRMS VSWR ZIN ZOUT Moseley SL9003Q Pulse Code Modulation Program Phase-Locked Loop Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Transmission Rate Radio Frequency Repeater Received Signal Level (in dBm) Received Signal Strength Indicator/Indication Receiver Subsidiary Communications Authorization Security Control and Data Acquisition Signal-to-Noise Ratio Step Recovery Diode Studio-Transmitter L
Appendix D: Microvolt – dBm – Watt Conversion D-1 Appendix D: Microvolt – dBm – Watt Conversion (50 ohms) Vrms μV dBm dBm Watts 0.7 -110 -109 -108 -107 -106 -105 -104 -103 -102 -101 -100 -99 -98 -97 -96 -95 -94 -93 -92 -91 -90 -89 -88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -80 -79 -78 -77 -76 -75 -74 -73 -72 -71 -70 -69 -68 -67 -66 -65 -64 -63 -62 -61 -60 10 fW 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.4 5 5.6 6.3 7 7.9 8.9 9.
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Appendix E: Spectral Emission Masks E-1 Appendix E: Spectral Emission Masks The following spectral compliance emission plots are peak power measurements at 1 watt average transmit power. E.1 500 kHz Allocation a. 1408 kbps @ 16 QAM b. 1536 kbps @ 16 QAM c.
E-2 Appendix E: Spectral Emission Masks d. 2048 Kbps @ 64 QAM E.2 300 kHz Allocation a. 1408 kbps @ 64 QAM E.3 250 KHz Allocation a.
Appendix F: Redundant Backup F-1 Appendix F: Redundant Backup with TP64 and TPT-2 Transfer Panels F.1 Introduction The Starlink SL9003Q and Digital Composite operate in a redundant hot or cold standby configuration STL link using the TP64 Transfer Panel for transmitter switching. The Starlink digital STL link may also be used in a redundant cold standby configuration with an existing analog STL as a main or backup link when using a TPT-2 Transfer Panel. F.
F-2 Appendix F: Redundant Backup Power 10 watts +12 VDC input (supplied by Main and Standby Radios) Optional External Supply 115/230 VAC Temperature Range Specification Performance: Operational: Dimensions 1 RU: 17.00”w x 18.25”d x 1.718”h (43.18 x 46.36 x 4.36cm) Shipping Weight TBD 0 to 50 deg C -20 to 60 deg C F.4 TP64 Installation Normally, the TP64 is shipped with the Main and Standby transmitters per the customer order.
Appendix F: Redundant Backup F-3 F.5 Equipment Interconnection F.5.1 Starlink SL9003Q Backup Operation Transmitter Figure F-1 shows a typical Starlink QAM (STL) Main/Standby configuration for the transmitter end of the link. Transfer control is via the RJ45 shielded cables/RJ45-to-DB9 converters (230-12134 & 23012127, both supplied) between NMS card “XFER” input and the respective DB9 connectors on the TP64 transfer panel.
F-4 Appendix F: Redundant Backup Radio A - MAIN Default SL9003Q Transmitter TX AC P/S 115W NMS AUDIO ENC QAM MOD UP/DOWN CONVERTER TO PA CPU ! N(m) - N(m) RG142 36" PWR AMP TRUNK +15V +5V CAUTION ! ANTENNA TX LOCK TP RESET FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST RISK OF FIRE, REPLACE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING OF FUSE AES/EBU SPDIF DISCONNECT LINE CORD PRIOR TO MODULE REMOVAL 70 MHz IN 70 MHz OUT PA IN MOD LEFT CH. 1 RIGHT CH.
Appendix F: Redundant Backup F-5 Radio A - MAIN Default SL9003Q Receiver AC P/S 65W NMS QAM DEMOD AUDIO DEC RECEIVER TRUNK G L N DATA TRUNK 12/15 5/28 ANTENNA CPU RESET TP INPUT: 90-260V, 47-63Hz AES/EBU SPDIF RX LOCK CAUTION ! LEFT CH. 1 FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST RISK OF FIRE, REPLACE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING OF FUSE DISCONNECT LINE CORD PRIOR TO MODULE REMOVAL DEMOD RIGHT CH.
F-6 Appendix F: Redundant Backup Radio A - MAIN Default SL9003Q Receiver AC P/S 65W AUDIO DEC NMS QAM DEMOD RECEIVER TRUNK 12/15 5/28 G ANTENNA L N CPU RESET TP INPUT: 90-260V, 47-63Hz AES/EBU SPDIF CAUTION ! LEFT CH. 1 FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST RISK OF FIRE, REPLACE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING OF FUSE DISCONNECT LINE CORD PRIOR TO MODULE REMOVAL Alt . AES/ Left Ch. RIGHT CH.
Appendix F: Redundant Backup F-7 receiver fails, the line will go LOW, and input 2 will be selected (the Standby receiver will then be active). The Broadcast Tools switcher router is configured internally with DIP switches to operate from external control. The lid must be removed from the router to switch the DIP Switch 5 – 6 to the ON position for remote control.
F-8 Appendix F: Redundant Backup Radio A - MAIN Default Starlink Digital Composite Transmitter N(m) - N(m) RG142 36" RJ45 to DB-9 Shielded Modem Splitter Control Data Antenna RS-232 TP64 Transfer Panel (Rear) CH 2 CH 1 TX ANT RX A XFER A Program Source OUT IN INPUT XFER B - TRUNK A FUSE TRUNK SWITCHED 12VDC 1A FAST-BLO + I TRUNK B 0 CH 4 CH 3 RX ANT Composite Out RX B IN OUT TX A OUT IN IN TX B OUT BNC-Tee RJ45 to DB-9 Shielded N(m) - N(m) RG142 36" Radio B - STANDBY De
Appendix F: Redundant Backup F-9 Receiver Composite Switching The Starlink Digital Composite requires an external signal router to select the active composite output. The Broadcast Tools SS 2.1/BNC III switcher/router is shown in Figure F-5 performing this function. The router selects one of two unbalanced coaxial inputs. In a typical installation it is rack mounted between the main and standby receivers.
F-10 Appendix F: Redundant Backup Starlink Digital Composite Receiver Radio A - Main Default 230-1241601 RJ45 8-Pin to Pigtail 6 (RX_XFR_OUT - Blue) 7 (Ground - Black) Antenna J1 BNC TB4A Broadcast Tools SS 2.
Appendix F: Redundant Backup F-11 F.5.3 Digital STL with Analog STL Backup using a TPT-2 System Considerations Incompatible Modulation Formats The PCL series analog STL’s (or any analog STL) may be used as a backup for the Starlink with awareness of the how operational differences between the two systems effect backup operation. Specifically the two systems have incompatible rf modulation formats. The analog STL links (i.e., PCL series) use Frequency Modulation (FM) vs.
F-12 Appendix F: Redundant Backup Using a Starlink with TPT-2 Figure F-6 gives the details for Starlink NMS wiring to the TPT-2 for the transmitter and external switching for the receiver. Starlink-to-TPT2 interconnection cables are available from Moseley; part numbers 230-12225-01 for the transmitter and 230-12416-01 for the receiver.
Appendix F: Redundant Backup F-13 Radio A - STANDBY Default PCL-6010 Transmitter MONO - + MUX 1 TX REMOTE MUX 2 CHNL REMOTE FCC ID: CSU9WKPCL6010 MOSELEY ASSOCIATES, INC. ASSEMBLED IN USA FUSE COMP "This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions. (1) This device may not cause harmful interference (2) This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operations.
F-14 Appendix F: Redundant Backup Receiver Figure F-8 shows a typical Starlink Digital Composite (STL) Main/Standby configuration using a PCL series analog composite STL as a backup. Radio A - STANDBY Default PCL 6000 Series Receiver ANTENNA CHNL REMOTE SQUELCH ARM N/C N/O XFER OUT IN MONO MUT MTR IN OUT Broadcast Tools SS 2.
Appendix F: Redundant Backup F-15 Receiver Composite Switching The redundant (backup) composite scenario require an external signal router to select the active composite output. The Broadcast Tools SS 2.1/BNC III switcher/router is shown in Figure F-8 (above) performing this function. The router selects one of two unbalanced coaxial inputs. In a typical installation it is rack mounted between the main and standby receivers.
F-16 Appendix F: Redundant Backup TPT-2 allows the user to select either Transmitter A or Transmitter B as the Main Transmitter. Select Transmitter B as Main and Transmitter A as Backup to select the Starlink as the main link. Set the Starlink system to operate in Cold-Standby mode. In this mode the transmitter is not radiating unless selected to correspond to the TPT-2 operation.
Appendix F: Redundant Backup F-17 Radio A - STANDBY Default DSP-6000E & PCL6010 Transmitter PUSH PUSH PUSH PUSH 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 LEFT RIGHT AUX 1 AUX 2 MONO PUSH ENCODE DATA ACC OUT STATUS DATA 1 INTERFACE DATA 2 - + MUX 1 TX REMOTE MUX 2 CHNL REMOTE GND 0.5A/115V 0.25A/230V FUSE RESET FCC ID: CSU9WKPCL6010 MOSELEY ASSOCIATES, INC. ASSEMBLED IN USA FUSE COMP 1 2 3 AES/EBU "This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules.
F-18 Appendix F: Redundant Backup Receiver Figures F-10 and F-11 show a typical Starlink QAM (STL) Main/Standby with DSP/PCL as backup configuration for the receiver end of the link. A TPT-2 is not required, as both of the receivers are “ON” all the time. The antenna input is split to the two receivers with an RF power divider.
Appendix F: Redundant Backup F-19 Receiver Audio Switching - External If there is no Optimod (or similar) stereo generator/processor at the receiver end of the link, or it is desirable to use common discrete or AES/EBU audio, an external audio switching router may be used to select the active audio feed. The Broadcast Tools SS 2.1/Terminal III switcher/router is shown below in this application (Figure F-11).
F-20 Appendix F: Redundant Backup Figure 8-11 Starlink QAM RX with DSP/PCL RX Backup and Router Connection The router directs one of two balanced input pairs to the common balanced output. In a typical application the router is rack mounted between main and standby receivers. Figure F-11 shows the configuration for discrete audio. For digital audio outputs only, the left or right channel may be substituted with the AES/EBU channel.
Appendix F: Redundant Backup F-21 F.6.2 TP64 Front Panel Controls and Indicators Figure 8-12 TP64 Front Panel LED Indicators Green: The indicated module is active, and that the module is performing within its specified limits. Yellow: The indicated module is in standby mode, ready and able for back-up transfer. Red: There is a fault with the corresponding module. It is not ready for backup, and the TP64 will not transfer to that module.
F-22 Appendix F: Redundant Backup F.6.3 Master/Slave Operation & LED Status The TP64 operates in a Master/Slave logic mode. In the power up condition, the Master is RADIO A. This means that RADIO A is the default active unit. The following logic applies to hot or cold standby, external or internal duplexer configurations.
Appendix F: Redundant Backup F-23 By pressing the RADIO B button, RADIO B now becomes the Master, and the TP64 will switchover to RADIO B (assuming that RADIO B is “good”). The default A-Master Logic will then switch to B-Master Logic, as outlined in Tables F-1 and F2. Note: Manual switching of the Master is often used to force the system over to the standby unit. The user may want to put more “time” on the standby unit after an extended period of service.
F-24 Appendix F: Redundant Backup Figure 8-13 STARLINK – TP64 Control Cable Adaptor 230-12127-01 Moseley SL9003Q 602-12016 Revision G
Appendix G: Optimizing Radio Performance for Hostile Environments G-1 Appendix G: Optimizing Radio Performance For Hostile Environments INTRODUCTION When shipped from the factory the SL 9003Q defaults are optimized for high-sensitivity, high spectral efficiency, and low-delay. But hostile RF environments with nearby paging transmitters, strong co-channel and adjacent channel interference sources, lightening, and unlicensed ISM band may require a more aggressive configuration.
G-2 Appendix G: Optimizing Radio Performance for Hostile Environments ASSESSING INTERFERENCE This method is very useful to assess interference at your STL receiver (especially if you do not have a spectrum analyzer available). Turn OFF the STL transmitter at the studio. At the receiver from the front panel navigate to QAM RADIO –> MODEM -> STATUS. The first line entry "QAM Modem" will indicate the RSL (Received Signal Level) in dBm. With no interference present the RSL will be below –120 dBm, typically.
Appendix G: Optimizing Radio Performance for Hostile Environments G-3 Table 8-10 Interleave Setting vs. Delay Interleave 1 2 3 4 6 12 Delay* (ms) 2.6 3.7 5 6 8 14 * delay is for 1408 kbps data rate To change interleave length navigate to QAM RADIO – CONFIGURE MODEM – Intrlv. The factory setting is 3 (5 ms). Just like with the QAM mode setting the user must change the interleave setting to match on both transmitter and receiver or the system will not operate.
G-4 Appendix G: Optimizing Radio Performance for Hostile Environments QAM RATE If you have found interference within your passband but you can’t change frequency, and you can’t install larger antennae, then there is still another possibility that may help. Lowering QAM mode will increase the receiver’s resistance to co-channel interference. The lower QAM modes are more robust than the higher mode but at the expense of increased bandwidth.
Appendix H: FCC Applications Information H-1 Appendix H: FCC APPLICATIONS INFORMATION - FCC Form 601 The Moseley line of broadcast microwave links is FCC type verified for use in licensed Part 74 and Part 101bands. It is the operator’s responsibility to acquire proper authorization prior to radio operation. This is accomplished by submitting FCC 601 Main Form and Form 601 Schedule I. The main form is 103 pages.
H-2 Appendix H: FCC Applications Information Starlink SL9003Q & Digital Composite - 950 MHz Band The Starlink SL9003Q and Digital Composite operate as Studio-Transmitter Links (STL) in the Part 74 frequency band of 944-952 MHz. Form 601, Schedule I, Supplement 4 Information: Item 4 Description Lower or Center Frequency (MHz) Entry for FCC 601 Sched. I, Supp. 4 Enter the assigned frequency in (MHz) 5 Upper Frequency (MHz) Not Applicable 6 Frequency Tolerance (%) .
