SITE ANALYZER™ XT CABLE AND ANTENNA TESTER FOR WIRELESS SYSTEMS OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS This is a preliminary manual. Specifications, limits, and text are subject to change without notice. The information within this manual was as complete as possible at the time of printing. Bird Electronic Corporation is not liable for errors. ©Copyright 2012 by Bird Electronic Corporation Instruction Book Part Number 920-SA-XT Rev.
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Safety Precautions The following are general safety precautions that are not necessarily related to any specific part or procedure, and do not necessarily appear elsewhere in this publication. These precautions must be thoroughly understood and apply to all phases of operation and maintenance. WARNING Keep Away From Live Circuits Operating Personnel must at all times observe general safety precautions.
Safety Symbols WARNING Warning notes call attention to a procedure, which if not correctly performed, could result in personal injury. CAUTION Caution notes call attention to a procedure, which if not correctly performed, could result in damage to the instrument. The caution symbol appears on the equipment indicating there is important information in the instruction manual regarding that particular area Note: Calls attention to supplemental information.
Caution Statements The following equipment cautions appear in the text and are repeated here for emphasis. CAUTION +22 dBm max. input Do not apply RF power to Antenna Test Port. Exceeding the maximum input will damage the Site Analyzer. On page 5, 13, 25, and 43. CAUTION Long-term storage of the external battery pack can affect battery performance and reduce battery life. Do not store the external battery pack for long periods of time without proper storage maintenance.
Safety Statements USAGE ANY USE OF THIS INSTRUMENT IN A MANNER NOT SPECIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER MAY IMPAIR THE INSTRUMENT’S SAFETY PROTECTION. USO EL USO DE ESTE INSTRUMENTO DE MANERA NO ESPECIFICADA POR EL FABRICANTE, PUEDE ANULAR LA PROTECCIÓN DE SEGURIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO. BENUTZUNG WIRD DAS GERÄT AUF ANDERE WEISE VERWENDET ALS VOM HERSTELLER BESCHRIEBEN, KANN DIE GERÄTESICHERHEIT BEEINTRÄCHTIGT WERDEN.
SERVICE SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY SERVICE TRAINED PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID DANGEROUS ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING UNLESS QUALIFIED TO DO SO. SERVICIO LAS INSTRUCCIONES DE SERVICIO SON PARA USO EXCLUSIVO DEL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO CAPACITADO. PARA EVITAR EL PELIGRO DE DESCARGAS ELÉCTRICAS, NO REALICE NINGÚN SERVICIO A MENOS QUE ESTÉ CAPACITADO PARA HACERIO. WARTUNG ANWEISUNGEN FÜR DIE WARTUNG DES GERÄTES GELTEN NUR FÜR GESCHULTES FACHPERSONAL.
UNITS ARE EQUIPPED WITH RECHAREABLE BATTERIES. THESE ARE TO BE REPLACED BY AUTHORIZED SERVICE PERSONNEL ONLY!!! LAS UNIDADES VIENEN EQUIPADAS CON BATERIAS RECARGABLES. ¡¡¡Y SOLAMENTE EL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO AUTORIZADO PUEDE REEMPLAZARLAS!!! GERÄTE SIND MIT WIEDER AUFLADBAREN BATTERIEN BESTÜCKT. BATTERIEN SIND NUR VON QUALIFIZIERTEM SERICE PERSONAL AUSZUWECHSELN!!! CES DISPOSITIFS SONT ÉQUIPÉS DE BATTERIES RECHARGEABLES.
USE CORRECT VOLTAGE SETTING AND FUSE - SEE MANUAL. UTILISER UNE TENSION ET UN FUSIBLE CORRECTS - CONSULTER LE MODE D'EMPLOI. USE LA INSTALACION Y FUSIBLE DE VOLTAJE CORRECTO - VEA EL MANUAL. AUSSCHLIESSLICH VORSCHRIFTSMÄSSIGE WECHSELSPANNUNGS-EINSTELLUNG UND SICHERUNG BENUTZEN - SIEHE DAZU HANDBUCH. UTILLIZZARE TENSIONE E FUSIBLE ADATTI - FARE RIFERIMENTO AL MANUALE.
BE SURE THE 115/230V AC VOLTAGE SELECTOR IS SET TO THE PROPER LINE VOLTAGE, AND THE CORRECT AC LINE FUSE IS INSTALLED BEFORE AC POWER IS APPLIED. S'ASSURER QUE LE SÉLECTEUR DE TENSION 115/230V C.A. EST BIEN RÉGLÉ POUR LA TENSION DU RÉSEAU ET QUE LE FUSIBLE DE LIGNE C.A. CORRECT EST EN PLACE AVANT DE METTRE SOUS TENSION C.A. CERCIORESE QUE EL SELECTOR DE VOLTAJE DE 115/230V CA ESTE COLOCADO A LA LINEA DE VOLTAJE APROPIADA Y QUE EL FUSIBLE ESTE INSTALADO A LA LINEA CA ANTES DE APLICAR LA CORRIENTE ALTERNA.
About This Manual This manual covers the operating and maintenance instructions for the following models: SA-3600XT SA-6000XT Changes to this Manual We have made every effort to ensure this manual is accurate. If you discover any errors, or if you have suggestions for improving this manual, please send your comments to our Solon, Ohio factory. This manual may be periodically updated. When inquiring about updates to this manual refer to the part number and revision on the title page.
Equations Fault Location Resolution C Resolution = -----------------------------freq span 2 where C = speed of light (300 x 106 m / sec) or (9.84252 x 108 feet / sec) Maximum Distance Max distance = resolution data points – 1 Chapter Layout Introduction — Describes the features of the Bird Site Analyzer and provides power-up instructions. Calibration — Lists the steps to calibrate the Site Analyzer, which must be done before using Measure Match or Fault Location modes.
Table of Contents Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Safety Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Warning Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Caution Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Safety Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 3 Measure Match Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Determine the Power of the Component Being Tested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Selecting the Measure Match Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Setting the Measurement Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Setting a Custom Sweep Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Selecting a Sweep Frequency from a Band List . . .
Zeroing Bird Power Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Choosing the Displayed Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Setting Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Changing the Mode for the Directional Power Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 The 43 Peak Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 9 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Charging the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 External Battery Pack (Optional), Long-term Storage Maintenance . . . . . . 77 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 1 Introduction The Bird Site Analyzer is a multifunction test instrument for use in installation and maintenance of wireless systems. The current product designation adds the letters XT after the model number. SA-3600XT 25 MHz – 3600 MHz SA-6000XT 25 MHz – 6000 MHz Antenna systems are tested by using a Site Analyzer to measure match conditions. Data points measured across a user-specified frequency band or distance range are graphed on a 320 x 240 pixel display area.
Items Supplied Figure 1 Hardware and Software Supplied 1 2 3 6 4 5 Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Description Site Analyzer (configured as one of the models described earlier). Soft-Sided Carrying Case PCTool Software AC Power Adapter Automobile Cigarette Lighter Adapter USB Communications Cable Instruction Manual CD (Not Shown) Items Not Supplied Figure 2 Item 1 2 Hardware Not Supplied Description Calibration Combination (Cal Combo).
Site Analyzer Features General Easy to operate and field ready for first-time, occasional, and experienced users. High-resolution color display. Field replaceable Li-ion battery. Automatic power down conserves battery life. Operates in temperatures as low as 14°F (–10°C). Antenna Test Rejects on-channel interfering signals to +13 dBm. Three user-selectable trace capture options: 238 data points per sweep, 475 data points per sweep, 949 data points per sweep.
Transmitter Test Measure Power Mode Numerical readout and analog dial. Can display either forward power, reflected power, or match efficiency depending upon the sensor. Power measurement units can be either Watts or dBm. Match units can be VSWR, return loss, or % match efficiency. Compatible with Bird Directional Power Sensors, Terminating Power Sensors, and Wideband Power Sensors.
Connectors Figure 4 Connector Diagram 2 3 4 1 CAUTION +22 dBm max. input Do not apply RF power to Antenna Test Port. Exceeding the maximum input will damage the Site Analyzer. 1 Antenna Test Port Female N connector for connecting to the antenna. Use a phase-stable cable for best results. 2 USB 2.0 B Type There is one USB device port for connection to a PC. 3 USB 2.0 A Type There are two USB host ports. 4 DC Input Input for external power supplies.
Adapters WARNING When using the AC adapter, connect the AC plug only to a properly grounded receptacle. Serious injury or death can occur if not properly grounded. The Bird Site Analyzer can be operated using an AC adapter or a 12V automobile cigarette lighter adapter. Using these adapters will also charge the internal battery. External Battery Pack (Optional) WARNING The SA-BATPAK is shipped charged. Be careful when removing the safety cap, 12VDC @ 2.0 AH/20 hour rate can be present inside the receptacle.
Charging the External Battery Pack 1. 2. 3. 4. Plug the automobile cigarette lighter adapter into the external battery pack on the side that says “To Battery”. See Figure 5. Plug the other end of the cigarette lighter adapter into the charger adapter. Plug the AC adapter into the charger adapter. Plug the AC adapter into a properly grounded outlet. Note: The charger’s “On” LED comes on and stays on until the charger is disconnected. Using the External Battery Pack 1. 2.
Figure 6 User Key Identification 9 8 1 7 6 2 1 Softkeys 2 Hard Keys Mode Config Calibrate Marker 3 Numeric Keys 4 Enter Key During List Selection Data Entry 8 3 4 5 Activates the function described directly to the right of the key. Activates the mode menu. Use this to select Measure Match, Fault Location, Measure Power, or Utilities mode. Activates the configuration menu for the current mode. Use this to set variable parameters (e.g. frequency band, distance, and units).
5 6 Escape Key During Menu Use Data Entry Cursor Keys Left Arrow During Data Entry Marker Use All other times Right Arrow During Marker Use All other times 7 Backs up one menu level. Exits data entry without changing the value. Deletes previously entered data one character at a time. Moves active marker left one point at a time. As defined by the function description. Moves active marker right one point at a time. As defined by the function description.
Site Analyzer Display Screen See the following two figures and the accompanying table for a description of the display screen components for Measure Match mode and for Fault Location mode. Display Description Figure 7 Displays Measure Match Sample Display 1 2 3 4 5 Graphic display of the measurement. Indicates the position and value of a trace point. Identifies the trace point displayed in the marker value. Indicates the calibration status.
Chapter 2 Calibration Calibration Accessories Calibration Combination (Cal Combo) which contains: One 50 ohm load One Open standard One Short standard Note: When using a test cable connected to the Site Analyzer, attach the Cal Combo to the end of the cable during calibration. Test Cable (optional) – A phase-stable cable will provide consistent, reliable results. Note: When using an extension cable, a phase stable cable is needed to ensure performance and accuracy.
Figure 8 12 Calibrating the Site Analyzer
Chapter 3 Measure Match Mode Match measurement verifies and monitors the match conditions in the antenna system at various frequencies. The results are shown on an x-y graph. Frequency is shown on the x-axis and return loss, cable loss, or VSWR is shown on the y-axis. Before making a match measurement, be sure to have a Bird Calibration Combination (Cal Combo) and all necessary cables and adapters of the correct size and connector type.
Setting the Measurement Frequency Frequencies can be set manually or chosen from a list of presets (band list). If the start, stop, center, or span frequency is manually set, the band list will indicate “Custom”. Be sure to set the frequency to a value that is well beyond the normal range of the antenna. Example - For a 450 MHz antenna, set the start frequency at 400 and the stop frequency at 500 MHz, for an 800 MHz antenna, set the start frequency at 700 and the stop frequency at 1,100 MHz.
Selecting a Sweep Frequency from a Band List 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Press the Config key. Press the Freq softkey. Select Start, Stop, Center, or Span using the left or right scroll keys. Open the band list menu using the up or down scroll keys. Select the desired band using the up or down scroll keys. Press the Enter key to accept the selection. Press the Esc key to exit the configure screen.
Figure 12 Setting Match Mode Measurement Units Setting the Measurement Scale Limits The minimum and maximum values on the Y (vertical) scale can be set manually or choose Auto Scale and let the instrument select values that will display the entire trace. Values cannot be entered that are outside of the limits of the instrument (-60 and 0). If the expected results are unsure, set the minimum to – 60 dB and maximum to 0 dB or choose Auto Scale.
Figure 13 Setting Match Mode Scale Limits Setting the Measurement Data Points Select the number of data points to take during a measurement. There are three data point options, 238 points, 475 points, and 949 points. Increasing the number of data points increases the measurable distance in distance-to-fault measurements and increases the detail in Measure Match mode measurements. When saving a trace, the number of data points collected (238, 475, or 949) are saved.
Figure 14 Setting the Number of Measurement Data Points Setting the Graph Display Type When the Site Analyzer collects data during a sweep, the unit can specify that it measure 238 data points, 475 data points, or 949 data points. Selecting 475 data points takes twice as much time to sweep as 238 points, and 949 points takes four times as much time to sweep as 238 points. The Site Analyzer display screen graph area can display only 238 points because of its physical pixel limitations.
Figure 15 Setting the Graph Display Set and Activate Acceptance Limits The limit line helps see failures. It appears as a horizontal line at the value selected. An acceptance limit line can be set to help visualize what part of the measurement trace is not acceptable. The part of the trace that is not acceptable will display in red. To view the limit line, the limit test must be ON. This feature is available only in the Measure Match mode and the Fault Location mode. 1. Enable the Measure Match Mode.
Interpreting the Measurement The graph below shows a typical Match Measurement for an antenna system. Figure 16 Measurement Screen 20 Parts of the sweep below the limit line are better than the limit. Antennas and filters should be below the limit line for the entire band, and above the limit line outside the band. Other components should be flat and below the limit line across the entire band.
Cable Loss Measurement Ensure that the cable being tested is unterminated (not connected to anything at the far end). Note: Cable loss is a measurement choice that is available in Measure Match (Configuration). It can also can be selected by choosing Cbl Loss from Units when setting the Scale in Measure Match (Configure). Check the power of cable to be tested. See “Determine the Power of the Component Being Tested” on page 13. Note: Ensure that the cable does not have power greater than +22 dBm.
Performing a Cable Loss Measurement 1. Enable the Measure Match Mode. See “Selecting the Measure Match Mode” on page 13. 2. Select the Freq softkey. 3. Set the frequency start and stop to a range that is well beyond the normal range of the antenna. See “Setting the Measurement Frequency” on page 14. 4. 5. 6. Example - For a 450 MHz antenna, set the start frequency at 400 and the stop frequency at 500 MHz. For an 800 MHz antenna, set the start frequency at 700 and the stop frequency at 1,100 MHz.
Figure 18 Cable Loss Measurement Screen 1. Take the average of M1 and M2. 2. Note: This is the average cable loss across the frequency band. Compare the loss with the manufacturer’s specified loss for a cable of this length. Note: If they do not correspond, retake the measurement, then check the cable for problems. Note: Cable Loss for a good cable should be flat across the frequency band.
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Chapter 4 Fault Location Mode Fault location identifies the position of impedance discontinuities (reflections) within the antenna/feeder system. The measurement results are displayed on an x-y graph. Distance from the Site Analyzer is shown on the x-axis, while relative magnitude of the discontinuity is shown on the y-axis. Before making a fault location measurement, ensure that the following items and information is present: A Bird Calibration Combination (Cal Combo) calibration unit.
Selecting Fault Location Mode 1. Press ON/OFF key for ½ second. 2. Press the MODE key. 3. Press the Fault Location softkey. Figure 19 Select Fault Location Mode Setting the Frequency Span and Max Distance Note: Changing the frequency span or the max distance will automatically turn calibration off. Always set the frequency span or max distance before calibrating the unit.
Data Points - Increasing the number of data points increases the measurable distance (475 points results in twice the distance of 238 points, and 949 points results in four times the distance of 238 points). When changing the number of data points measured, the software automatically recomputes the new maximum measurable distance. If a maximum distance is entered manually, be sure to select the data points before entering the max distance. Changing data points does not turn calibration off.
b.
Setting the Maximum Distance Note: Changing the frequency span or the max distance will automatically turn calibration off. Always set the frequency span or max distance before calibrating the unit. 1. Enable the Fault Location Mode. See “Selecting Fault Location Mode” on page 26. 2. Press Enter, at the warning message, to accept the entry or Esc to cancel the entry. Note: When pressing Enter, the Site Analyzer will display the Calibration screen so the calibration process can begin. 3.
Setting the Cable Type Setting the cable type means that values for the velocity of propagation and the cable loss are entered. The cable type can be set manually or choose from a list of preset values. When manually entering a value for the velocity of propagation or cable loss, the Cable List entry becomes “Custom”. Note: Changing the cable type or velocity of propagation will reset the distance scale to the maximum possible distance. Always set the cable type before setting the distance scale. 1.
Selecting a Cable Type from a Cable Type List 1. Press the right or left scroll keys to select and open Cable List. 2. Press the up or down scroll keys to select an item on the list. 3. Press the Enter key to accept the selection. 4. Press the Esc key to exit the configuration screen. Figure 24 Selecting the Cable Type from List Setting the Distance and Units The trace can display the entire length (distance) of the cable system being measured or a smaller portion of the length for better detail.
Setting the Start and Stop Distance 1. Press the right or left arrow keys to scroll to Start or Stop. 2. Enter a value for Start or Stop using the numeric key pad. 3. Press the Enter key after entering a value. 4. Press the Esc key to exit the configuration screen. Figure 25 Setting the Start and Stop Distance Setting the Distance Units 1. Press the left or right arrow keys to select Units. 2. Press the up or down arrow keys to select a unit from the list. 3. Press the Enter key. 4.
Setting the Scale & Unit of Measure Set the display scale manually or by using Auto Scale. The display trace can be in units of return loss [dB] or VSWR [ratio]. Activate Auto Scale from the configuration screen or from the main Fault Location screen. Setting Fault Location Scale Units Press the Config key. Press the Scale softkey. Use the left or right scroll keys to select Units. Use the up or down scroll keys to activate the units menu and to select the units desired. 5. Press the Enter key. 6.
Figure 28 Setting Fault Location Scale Limits Manually Setting Fault Location Auto Scale 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Press the Config key. Press the Scale softkey. Use the left or right scroll keys to select Auto Scale. Press the Enter key. Press the Esc key to exit the configure screen.
Set the Measurement Data Points The SA-XT can select the number of data points to take during a measurement. There are three data point options, 238 points, 475 points, and 949 points. Increasing the number of data points increases the measurable distance in distance-to-fault measurements and increases the detail in Measure Match mode measurements. When saving a trace, the number of data points collected (238, 475, or 949) are saved. The default number of data points is 238.
Figure 30 Setting the Measurement Resolution Set the Graph Display Type When the Site Analyzer collects data during a sweep, it can be set to measure 238 data points, 475 data points, or 949 data points. Selecting 475 data points takes twice as much time to sweep as 238 points, and 949 points takes four times as much time to sweep as 238 points. The Site Analyzer display screen graph area can display only 238 data points because of its physical pixel limitations.
Setting the Graph Display 1. Enable the Measure Match Mode. See “Selecting the Measure Match Mode” on page 13. 2. Set the frequency. See “Setting the Measurement Frequency” on page 14. 3. Calibrate the Site Analyzer. See “Calibration” on page 11. 4. Enable the Fault Location Mode. See “Selecting Fault Location Mode” on page 26. 5. Press the Config key. 6. Press the Scale softkey. 7. Press the left or right scroll key to select Disp. 8. Press the up scroll key to open the selection list. 9.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Enable either the Measure Match Mode, see “Selecting the Measure Match Mode” on page 13. Set the frequency. See “Setting the Measurement Frequency” on page 14. Calibrate the Site Analyzer. See “Calibration” on page 11. Enable the Fault Location Mode, if necessary. See “Selecting Fault Location Mode” on page 26. Press the Limit Test key to activate the limit line: a. Test ON Aud (line and sound) b. Test ON (line only) c.
Test for Fault Location 1. 2. 3. Connect the Site Analyzer to the cable being tested. Note: If the Site Analyzer is calibrated with a phase stable cable connected to its antenna port, do not remove the cable. Connect it to the cable to be tested. Wait at least 10 seconds for the sweep to update. When a trace is on the screen, do any of the following: Hold the trace. See “Measurement Hold” on page 51. Add markers to the trace. See “Markers” on page 52. Save the trace.
Each connector or jumper will show up as a spike. If it is larger than the typical value, check the connector for damage. Spikes where there are no components represent faults. Note the distance and check the line at that point for damage. The largest spike is usually due to the antenna. Typically the trace after the antenna can be ignored.
Chapter 5 Power Measure Mode Note: The figures in this chapter do not show the entire Site Analyzer. The figures show only the screen image and the keys used to accomplish a setup or measurement. Note: Power measurement comes standard on all models. This measurement verifies and monitors the condition of the transmitter system. Multiple measurement values can be simultaneously displayed, depending on the sensor. One measurement is also displayed on an analog dial.
Figure 35 42 Connecting the SA to Measure Power
Connecting a Sensor See Figure 35 on page 42. When a sensor is properly connected, the status message (at the top of the screen) will change from “Waiting for Sensor” to “Sensor Connected”. The warning screen will be replaced by the main display. CAUTION +22 dBm max. input Do not apply RF power to Antenna Test Port. Exceeding the maximum input will damage the Site Analyzer. The antenna test port is used only for testing unpowered systems.
Display Description Figure 36 Measure Power Screen Features 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Note: Measure power sample display with a sensor properly connected. Item 44 Description Explanation 1 Sensor Status Indicates the connection status of the power sensor. 2 Primary Measurement Identifies the measurement displayed on the analog dial. 3 Primary Value Numeric display of the primary value. 4 Measurement Scale Indicates the dial’s full scale. 5 Dial Graphic display of the primary measurement.
Setting the Full Scale Power For element-based sensors, enter the power rating listed on the forward element before making any measurements. Also, check that the rating of the reflected element is 10% of the forward element. Figure 37 Full Scale Power Meter Press from Measure Power Mode Scroll to Full Scale Enter the forward element power Note: The Bird Site Analyzer will automatically set the full scale power for sensors that do not use elements, such as the TPS or WPS sensors.
Zeroing Bird Power Sensors CAUTION When using terminating power sensors do not exceed 2 W average or 125 W peak power for 5 μs. Doing so will render the sensor inoperative. Over time, the sensor’s “zero value” (reading with no applied RF power) can drift, making all readings inaccurate by this value. Example - If the zero value is –2 μW, measuring a 5 mW signal will give a reading of 4.998 mW, a 0.04% error. Periodically re-zero the sensor. Note: This applies to TPS and WPS power sensors.
Figure 39 Zeroing, Message 2 Press to accept the warning Figure 40 Zeroing, Power Meter Wait for calibration to finish 47
Choosing the Displayed Measurement The primary display shows one value on the large numerical display and the pointer. Other measurements are displayed numerically below the dial. Note: When using a terminating power sensor, only forward power can be measured. Reflected power and match will not be displayed.
Changing the Mode for the Directional Power Sensor The DPS has three modes of operation: APM, 43Avg, and 43Peak. Bird 43 Elements can measure average, peak, and average of max. and min. power. Bird APM Elements only measure average power. Figure 43 DPS, Forward Screen The 43 Peak Mode When the DPS is in the 43Peak mode, the measurements change as shown below. Note: When using the DPS in the 43Peak mode, the match units are no longer needed and are greyed out.
Recall Setups Power measurement setups can be created using the Bird Site Analyzer PCTool Software, then stored in the Site Analyzer’s nonvolatile memory. These setups store both the offset and the full scale power.
Chapter 6 General Operation Setting a Limit Line 1. While in the Measure Match mode or the Fault Location mode, press the Limit Test key: First press - Test ON Aud (line and sound) Second press - Test ON (line only) Third press - Test OFF 2. Press the Config key. 3. Press the Limit Line softkey. 4. Use the keyboard to enter a limit value of the choice or use the suggested limits listed below (use the +/- key to enter a negative value) then press the Enter key.
Figure 47 Measurement Hold Markers Up to six markers can be used and activated to visually indicate the trace value at specific frequency points. All markers follow the current trace only. The site analyzer displays the frequency and signal value for each marker at the bottom of the screen. Each marker is displayed as a triangle pointer or a vertical line through the trace. The difference (delta) in frequency between two markers can also be displayed. Markers indicate VSWR to 0.
Figure 48 Activate Marker and Set Style Move Markers The active markers can be moved by using the arrow scroll keys or by entering a distance with the numeric key pad. All markers follow the current trace only. If a trace is recalled and markers are desired to compare it to the current trace, select the dual mode (see “Using Markers with Recalled Traces” on page 55).
Figure 49 Moving Markers Using Delta Markers In the delta marker mode, only active markers will be visible. The delta marker feature displays the difference (delta) in both frequency and value between the selected marker and each active marker. If the limit line is active, the difference between the selected marker and the limit line will be evident. The frequency difference between the selected marker and the limit line will always be the frequency of the marker.
Using Markers with Recalled Traces When a trace is recalled, the screen displays both the current trace and the recalled trace and there is an additional marker option, single / dual mode. In single mode, the markers function normally; the site analyzer displays the frequency and trace magnitude at each marker. In dual mode, the markers show the actual magnitude of both traces and the difference in magnitude between the recalled trace and the current reading.
Figure 52 Setting Display Smoothing Figure 53 Display with High Smoothing Selected Saving and Recalling Traces Note: This feature is only available if the unit is NOT connected to a PC. If the unit is connected to a PC, this feature will be disabled. Traces and instrument setups can be saved to and recalled from the memory in the unit or on an external USB thumb drive. The Site Analyzer identifies saved files with the frequency range used, a time-date stamp, and the number of data measurement points.
The internal memory available for storing traces and setups is limited. The 64 MB internal flash memory can store: Up to 2,800 custom instrument setups Up to 2,500traces at 238 data points Up to 1,250at 475 data points Up to 650 at 949 data points Note: All of the stored traces do not need to be of the same number of data points, therefore, the actual maximum number of traces saved varies depending upon the number of data points in the traces.
4. Do one of the following: To save a trace, see “Saving a Trace” on page 58. 5. 6. To recall a trace, see “Viewing a Recalled Trace” on page 60. Press the Eject soft key to end USB operation. Remove the USB drive. Note: the light on the USB drive might still be lit after EJECT and it is ok to remove it from the SA-XT. Saving a Trace 1. 2. 3. Note: This feature is only available if the unit is NOT connected to a PC. If the unit is connected to a PC, this feature will be disabled.
Figure 56 Text Label Screen Recalling a Saved Trace The recalled trace is drawn using the same display type (envelope, maximum, minimum) as the trace currently being measured. Ensure that the unit is in either Measure Match mode or Fault Location mode to recall a saved trace. 1. Press the Save/Recall softkey 2. Press the up and down scroll keys to select a saved trace. 3. Press the Recall softkey or the Enter key to recall the selected trace. 4.
Viewing a Recalled Trace When a saved trace is recalled, it is displayed along with the trace currently being measured (two traces on the screen). With a current and recalled trace, the display behaves as follows: The frequency range will change to the settings of the recalled trace. Recalled traces adopt the display type of the current trace (envelope, maximum, minimum). The resolution of the recalled trace does not affect the resolution of the current trace.
Figure 58 Comparing Data Points in Dual Mode 61
Deleting a Saved Trace Note: Ensure that the unit is in either Measure Match mode or Fault Location mode. 1. Press the Save/Recall softkey. 2. Press the up and down scroll keys to select an item to delete. 3. Press the Delete softkey to delete the selected item. Note: The message “Are You Sure?” appears beside the softkey. Press the Delete softkey a second time to confirm the delete or press the Esc key to cancel the delete. 4. Press the Esc key to exit the Save and Recall list.
Figure 60 Saving a Setup Recalling a Saved Setup Ensure that the unit is in either Measure Match mode or Fault Location mode to recall a setup. 1. Press the Save/Recall softkey 2. Press the Setup softkey. 3. Press the up and down scroll keys to select a setup to recall. 4. Press the Recall softkey. Note: The selected setup parameters are recalled and replace the current setup in the unit. 5. Press the Esc key to exit the Save and Recall screen.
Deleting a Saved Setup 1. 2. 3. 4. Note: Only in Measure Match mode or Fault Location mode can a setup be deleted. Press the Save/Recall softkey. Press the Setup softkey. Press the up and down scroll keys to select a setup to delete. Press the Delete softkey. Note: The message “Are Your Sure?” appears beside the softkey. Press the Delete softkey a second time to confirm the delete or press the Esc key to cancel the delete. 5. Press the Esc key to exit the Save and Recall screen.
Figure 63 Text Label Configuration Label Text Help The Site Analyzer has a built-in help screen that describes how to use the label text feature. To access the label text help, ensure that the unit is in either Measure Match mode or Fault Location mode. 1. Press the Save/Recall softkey. 2. Press the Save softkey. 3. Press the Config key. 4. Press the Help softkey to open Help screen. 5. Press the Enter key to close Help screen. 6. Press the Esc key two times to exit the configure screen.
Editing Label Text The label text can be changed on a saved item. Ensure that the unit is in either Measure Match mode or Fault Location mode. 1. Press the Save/Recall softkey to display the list of saved items. 2. Press the up or down scroll key to select an item to edit. 3. Press the Label softkey (Figure 65, item 1) to enter the label text screen. 4. Follow the numbered steps in "Label Text Shortcuts" on page 64 to select, delete, and enter characters. 5. Press the Enter key to save the changes.
Quicktext for Trace Labels Commonly used text elements (strings of characters) can be stored in Quicktext. When entering a label, select pre-stored text elements from the Quicktext area instead of typing each letter. Ensure that the unit is in either Measure Match mode or Fault Location mode to use Quicktext. Adding Quicktext Elements The Quicktext column in the normal text entry screen displays only 15 characters. To view all characters in each Quicktext element, the View QText option must be enabled. 1.
Using Quicktext Ensure that the unit is in either Measure Match mode or Fault Location mode to use Quicktext. Quicktext text elements are appended to the text on the edit line. 1. Press the Save/Recall softkey. 2. Press the Label softkey. 3. Use the Delete softkey to delete unwanted text from the edit line. 4. Use the up or down scroll keys to position the text cursor where a Quicktext element is to be inserted. Note: Quicktext elements overwrite existing text from the insert cursor location to the right.
Deleting Quicktext Elements 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Press the Save/Recall softkey. Press the Label softkey. Press the right scroll key to select the Quicktext column. Press the up or down scroll keys to select a Quicktext text element. Press the Delete softkey to delete the selected text element from the list. Press the Esc key to exit the Quicktext list.
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Chapter 7 Utilities Note: The figures in this chapter do not show the entire Site Analyzer. For increased clarity, the figures show only the screen image and the keys used to accomplish a setup or measurement. These utilities adjust the Bird Site Analyzer’s date & time and return the unit to default settings. To exit the Utility mode, press the Esc key or press the Mode key.
Adjust Date and Time Figure 70 System Settings Screen Press to display the system settings Figure 71 Date Screen Scroll through the date & time Change the date or time 72
Return to Defaults All settings will be returned to the factory presets. Saved traces and setups will not be affected. This function should be used after a unit failure and on the first power up after a firmware upgrade.
FM Modulation The Bird Site Analyzer uses FM modulation to improve its immunity to interfering signals. Under certain circumstances, such as while making cable loss or other high reflection measurements with long cables, FM modulation may reduce signal quality. In that case, the modulation should be turned off. FM modulation is on by default, and will be turned back on whenever the unit is reset to defaults.
Chapter 8 Computer Software The Bird Site Analyzer Software is designed to help use the Site Analyzer more effectively. It allows for use of a PC for archiving and analyzing measurement data. For complete instructions refer to the help files included with the software. Features Multiple Document Interface - allows any number of trace documents to be open simultaneously. Intelligent drag-and-drop automatically converts traces to a common scale for precise and reliable comparisons.
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Chapter 9 Maintenance Cleaning CAUTION Harsh or abrasive detergents, and some solvents, can damage the display unit and labels. Clean the Bird Site Analyzer only with a soft cloth dampened with mild detergent and water. Do not use any other type of cleaning solution. Charging the Battery The internal battery pack will automatically recharge when the Site Analyzer is powered from the AC or cigarette lighter adapter. Recharging time, from a full discharge, is approximately 4 hours.
Troubleshooting Any service procedure not covered in this manual should be referred to an authorized service facility. Problem Possible Cause Unit will not power up. Battery pack drained. Battery pack unable to keep a charge. AC adapter is damaged. Date and time appear, Internal error. hiding the display. Fault Location trace Scale too large. appears incorrect. Incorrect cable loss or velocity of propagation. Erratic antenna test measurements. Softkeys beep when pressed without performing any function.
Replacing the Battery 1. 2. Lay the Site Analyzer, display side down, on a clean surface. Remove four screws and the battery cover. Note: Check the direction of the notch in the battery cover. It is important to replace the cover the same way it was removed. 3. Remove the foam battery pad to access the battery wire. Figure 74 Replacing the Battery . 4. 5. Disconnect and remove the old battery pack from the compartment. Install the new battery. 6.
Firmware Update The Site Analyzer uses flash-programmable ROM to store its operating program. To update the instrument, SA Updater software must be installed on the PC. The SA Updater software is available on the Bird web site. 1. 2. 3. 4. Note: The firmware update process will restore default system settings. Setups and traces stored internally on the SA-XT will not be erased, but as a precaution save your traces and setups to a PC before updating the SA-XT firmware. Turn the SA-XT off.
Customer Service Any maintenance or service procedure beyond the scope of those in this chapter should be referred to a qualified service center. If you need to return the unit for any reason, request an RMA through the Bird Technologies website (link shown below). All instruments returned must be shipped prepaid and to the attention of the RMA number. Bird Service Center 30303 Aurora Road Cleveland (Solon), Ohio 44139-2794 Fax: (440) 248-5426 E-mail: bsc@bird-technologies.
Specifications Antenna Testing Frequency Range SA-3600XT SA-6000XT Frequency Resolution 25 – 800 MHz 800 – 3600 MHz 3600 – 6000 MHz Number of Data Points Measurement Range and Resolution Return Loss VSWR Sweep Speed 238 data points 475 data points 949 data points Measurement Uncertainty* (after 1 display refresh, 95% c.l.
Match Measurement Frequency Range SA-3600XT SA-6000XT Frequency Resolution 25 – 800 MHz 800 – 3600 MHz 3600 – 6000 MHz Frequency Accuracy* Number of Data Points Measurement Range and Resolution Range Return Loss VSWR Resolution Return Loss VSWR Measurement Uncertainty (after 1 display refresh)* Return Loss VSWR 25 – 3600 MHz 25 – 6000 MHz 25 kHz 50 kHz 150 kHz ± 100 kHz (25 MHz to 1 GHz) ± 50 ppm (1 GHz to 6 GHz) 238 (default), 475, 949 0.0 to –60.0 dB 1.00 to 99.99 0.1 dB 0.
Power Measure Mode Function Displays readings from Power Sensors Specifications Determined by sensor. Automatically detect which sensor is connected and display the appropriate measurement screen.
Transit Drop Bench Handling Vibration Shock, Functional RoHS Compliance CE Compliance Fungus Resistance Calibration Cycle Calibration/Measurement MTBF Firmware Updating Upgradability Languages Serviceability Markers and Limits 10 drops on corners and faces per MIL-PRF28800F, Class 2 4 drops on each face per MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 2 Random 10 to 500 Hz per MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 2 30 G half-sine shock pulse per MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 2 Components & assembly must meet European RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC, withou
Figure 75 Measurement Uncertainty (Return Loss after one refresh) 86
Parts List Part Name Part Number Site Analyzer - Complete 25 MHz – 3600 MHz With Power Measure 25 MHz – 6000 MHz With Power Measure SA-3600XT SA-6000XT Soft Carrying case 7002A850 PC interface software kit 7002A840 AC adapter (15 VDC output) 5B2229-1224G-1 Automobile cigarette lighter adapter 5A2238-2 USB interface cable 5A2653-10 Instruction manual 920-SA-XT Optional Equipment Available Precision Adapters Connectors Part Number N(M) to 7/16(M) PA-MNME N(F) to 7/16(M) PA-FNME N(M) to 7
Precision Open/Short/Load Combinations Connector Type Male N Female N Male 7/16 DIN Female 7/16 DIN Part Number CAL-MN-C CAL-FN-C CAL-ME-C CAL-FE-C Accessories Note: Contact Bird Service Center for parts information. Description External Battery Pack Spare Battery Hard Transit Case Operations Manual* USB Cable, 10 ft, USB 2.0 certified, USB A male to USB B male Power Sensors and Monitors Part No. SA–BATPAK-1 RPK5C2431-2 7002C870 920-SA-XT 5A2653-10 See “Power Sensors Supported” on page 88. *.
5015 5015-EF 5016B 5017B 5018B 5019B Frequency Range 40 MHz - 4.0 GHz Power Range -20.000 to +10.000 dBm (10.0010 μW to 10.000 mW) Measurements performed: True average power. Accuracy ± 5% of Reading. When operating below 100 MHz and above 40 °C, add 1%. Frequency Range 40 MHz - 12 GHz Power Range -20.000 to +10.000 dBm (10.0010 μW to 10.000 mW) Measurements performed: True average power. Accuracy ± 5% of Reading. When operating below 100 MHz and above 40 °C, add 1% Frequency Range 350 MHz - 4.
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Appendix Fault Location Distance Tables The tables on the next pages will help with selecting the frequency span, measurable distance, and resolution for fault location measurements. Select the table for the number of data points measured (238, 475, 949). Fault Location Distance - 238 Data Points Fault Location Distance and Resolution - 238 Data Points Vel Prop Freq Span 0.66 Max Distance 0.88 Resolution Max Distance Resolution (MHz) ft m in cm ft m in cm 25 999.9 937.9 155.8 395.7 999.
Fault Location Distance - 475 Data Points Fault Location Distance and Resolution - 475 Data Points Vel Prop Freq Span 92 0.66 Max Distance 0.88 Resolution Max Distance Resolution (MHz) ft m in cm ft m in cm 25 999.9 999.9 155.8 395.7 999.9 999.9 207.7 527.6 50 999.9 937.9 77.9 197.9 999.9 999.9 103.9 263.8 75 999.9 625.2 51.9 131.9 999.9 833.7 69.2 175.9 100 999.9 468.9 39.0 98.9 999.9 625.2 51.9 131.9 200 769.2 234.5 19.5 49.5 999.9 312.6 26.0 66.
Fault Location Distance - 949 Data Points Fault Location Distance and Resolution - 949 Data Pts Vel Prop Freq Span 0.66 Max Distance 0.88 Resolution Max Distance Resolution (MHz) ft m in cm ft m in cm 25 999.9 999.9 155.8 395.7 999.9 999.9 207.7 527.6 50 999.9 999.9 77.9 197.9 999.9 999.9 103.9 263.8 75 999.9 999.9 51.9 131.9 999.9 999.9 69.2 175.9 100 999.9 937.9 39.0 98.9 999.9 999.9 51.9 131.9 200 999.9 468.9 19.5 49.5 999.9 625.2 26.0 66.
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Limited Warranty All products manufactured by Seller are warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of two (2) years, unless otherwise specified, from date of shipment and to conform to applicable specifications, drawings, blueprints and/or samples.
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