N KGP 560 & KGP 860 General Aviation Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System B Pilot’s Guide
The information contained in this manual is for reference use only. If any information contained herein conflicts with similar information contained in the Airplane Flight Manual Supplement, the information in the Airplane Flight Manual Supplement shall take precedence. WARNING The enclosed technical data is eligible for export under License Designation NLR and is to be used solely by the individual/organization to whom it is addressed. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
TOC R5 8/9/04 2:50 PM Page TCI Table of Contents KGP 560 & KGP 860 Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 What is the GA-Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Regulatory Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 GA-EGPWS FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES . . . . . . . . . .
TOC R5 8/9/04 2:50 PM Page TCII Table of Contents Intentionally left blank Rev 5 Jul/2004 ii KGP 560/860 Pilot's Guide
Introduction INTRODUCTION The Bendix/King KGP 560 & KGP 860 General Aviation Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (GA-EGPWS) brings state-of-the-art technology in Terrain Display, Situational Awareness, Terrain Alerting and Warning, and Obstacle Alerting and Warning to the General Aviation pilot.
Introduction Use of a terrain display is optional, but recommended in order to enhance full situational awareness. If a terrain display is not installed in the system, all alerts and warnings are still present. This Pilot’s Guide outlines the basic requirements for system operation and recommended procedures for use of the KGP 560/860 GA-EGPWS. This Guide does NOT supersede FAA Approved Data or FAA Flight Manual Supplements, or FAA Required Procedures.
Introduction During normal flight operations, the system remains essentially silent, using GPS, altitude and temperature (optional) data in combination with its various database information to provide the pilot with a display of the aircraft position relative to surrounding terrain and known obstacles, thereby providing unprecedented situational awareness for the pilot. Pilot workload in interacting with the system during normal flight is minimal.
Introduction The KGP 560/860 GA-EGPWS may also be installed in aircraft that do not require FAA approved TAWS systems, and may be utilized with an optional set of alerting and warning parameters that are designed especially for smaller piston aircraft and their normal flight characteristics. The FAA has now designated these operational TAWS requirements, under TSO C151b as the Class C curves.
Functions and Features GA-EGPWS FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES AIRCRAFT POSITION The KGP 560/860 GA-EGPWS uses Global Positioning System (GPS) information from either an aircraft-installed GPS receiver, or an internal GPS receiver contained in the KGP 560/860 computer itself. It is good for the pilot to be aware of the actual position source being used by the system, as the internal GPS is not used for navigation of the aircraft.
Functions and Features AIRCRAFT ALTITUDE In addition to the altitude information provided by the GPS, the KGP 560/860 GA-EGPWS uses uncorrected barometric pressure altitude information from the aircraft’s encoding altimeter, blind altitude encoder or transponder. This altitude information allows the system to do two main tasks.
Functions and Features On some terrain displays, an indication of MSL or GSL altitude will appear. This altitude is the reference altitude for the display and the terrain awareness algorithm. This reference altitude is based on internally calculated Geometric Altitude and NOT corrected barometric altitude that must be used when navigating within the National Airspace System.
Functions and Features 75° 75° 60° 60° 45° 45° 30° 30° 15° 15° 0° 0° 15° 15° 30° 30° 45° 45° 60° 60° 165°150° 135° 120°105° 90° 75° 60° 45° 30° 15° 0° 15° 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° 105°120°135°150° 165°180° Regional Database: Americas (shaded areas) 75° 75° 60° 60° 45° 45° 30° 30° 15° 15° 0° 0° 15° 15° 30° 30° 45° 45° 60° 60° 165°150° 135° 120°105° 90° 75° 60° 45° 30° 15° 0° 15° 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° 105°120°135°150° 165°180° Regional Database: Atlantic (shaded areas) Rev
Functions and Features 75° 75° 60° 60° 45° 45° 30° 30° 15° 15° 0° 0° 15° 15° 30° 30° 45° 45° 60° 60° 165°150° 135° 120°105° 90° 75° 60° 45° 30° 15° 0° 15° 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° 105° 120°135° 150° 165°180° Regional Database: Pacific (shaded areas) Data for known obstacles such as towers, buildings, antennas, etc. is contained on the same database card as the terrain and airport data. Presently, there are some 100,000-plus obstacles in the database.
Functions and Features nated and a message will be displayed indicating “Warnings Inhibited”. The terrain display, if installed, remains operational. The purpose of the "Terrain Inhibit" switch is to allow aircraft to operate without nuisance or unwanted warnings at airports that are not in the system database. Examples might be private airports or those with runways shorter than 2000 feet.
Functions and Features The following figure shows the Terrain Display color patterns when the aircraft is at lower altitudes, with terrain near or above the aircraft altitude for the display range selected by the pilot.
Functions and Features The following figure shows the Terrain Display color patterns when the aircraft is at higher altitudes, where terrain is a least 250 feet below the aircraft altitude for the display range selected by the pilot. The system will adjust colors on the Terrain Display automatically as the aircraft altitude changes.
Functions and Features Installations without a heading input into the KGP 560/860 will either have a NORTH oriented or BLANK display when on the ground. Depending upon configuration, the display will automatically transition to a TRACK UP (MAG XXX TRK) orientation upon reaching a configurable airspeed (typically 10 to 45 kts GPS ground speed). Once the display has transitioned to the TRACK UP display, the depiction of terrain is oriented to the current GPS track of the aircraft.
Functions and Features NOTE: Green colors indicating terrain/obstacles below the aircraft are NOT shown when the aircraft is on the ground, to reduce display clutter and to show only terrain that is significantly higher than the aircraft in the departure area. Green colors will appear when the aircraft has climbed approximately 500 to 800 feet above the elevation of the runway. The following pictures show two examples of the Terrain Display.
Functions and Features Geometric Altitude Displayed as MSL or GSL Display Orientation Here Magnetic Track is up and at 160°. Range Rings Outer ring is selected range, inner ring is half the selected range. Here outer ring is 40nm and the inner ring is 20nm. Display Range Nautical Miles Peaks Elevation Maximum elevation is displayed over minimum elevation. Here maximum elevation is 6,000ft. and minimum is 3,000ft.
Functions and Features When the “Look-Ahead” function detects a terrain or obstacle threat approximately one minute ahead of the aircraft, the voice alert “Caution Terrain, Caution Terrain” (or “Caution Obstacle, Caution Obstacle”) is given, and a bright, solid yellow “threat area” is shown on the Terrain Display. Should the aircraft flight path continue toward the threat area, the alert message will repeat approximately every 7 seconds.
Functions and Features Runway Field Clearance Floor (RFCF) EXCESSIVE RATE OF DESCENT ALERTING AND WARNING The KGP 560/860 GA-EGPWS uses both GPS Vertical Velocity and pressure altitude to compute vertical velocity information when the aircraft does not provide specific air data for this purpose. In either case, when the aircraft is descending toward terrain at a high rate for its relative altitude above terrain, the system will provide alerting and warning to the pilot. This function is always active.
Functions and Features The following graph represents the envelope of protection provided for Excessive Rate of Descent scenarios: Excessive Descent Rate Initially, the voice alert “Sink Rate” will be heard, and the yellow caution alert annunciator lamp will illuminate. If the aircraft continues in the high rate of descent, the “Sink Rate-Sink Rate” voice alert will be repeated at an increasing frequency.
Functions and Features INADVERTENT DESCENT / LOSS OF ALTITUDE AFTER TAKE-OFF The KGP 560/860 GA-EGPWS uses known runway position and elevation information to monitor altitude during take-off and initial climb. This function is active until the aircraft reaches an altitude of approximately 700 feet above the runway elevation used for take-off.
Functions and Features GA-EGPWS ALTITUDE MONITORING The KGP 560/860 GA-EGPWS monitors the various altitude and temperature (if used) inputs that it receives during flight for the computation of Geometric Altitude. If there is an abnormal difference detected among these altitude values, the system can provide visual and voice alerts to the pilot. Normal differences that are the result of non-ISA temperature conditions or are due to high or low-pressure systems will not normally activate the altitude monitor.
Functions and Features flaps are not in landing configuration. When the aircraft passes below 300 feet with flaps down, and the gear is up, a Gear Up aural “Caution Gear” is given. When the aircraft passes below 300 feet with the gear down, and the flaps are up, than an aural “Caution Flaps” is given. When both gear and flaps are in the up position when the aircraft passes below 300 feet, an aural “Caution Gear, Caution Flaps” will be given. The following illustrates the Alert Area.
Functions and Features Excessive Bank Angle Alert Envelope Rev 5 Jul/2004 22 KGP 560/860 Pilot's Guide
Normal Procedures NORMAL PROCEDURES GA-EGPWS SYSTEM SELF-TEST Prior to flight, the system should be tested for proper operation. Normally, this is done by the pilot during the BEFORE TAKE-OFF check. All aircraft power and systems should be up and running, and the GAEGPWS “Not Available” annunciator lamp should be off. NOTE: Because the system requires GPS information to operate, it may be several minutes after power-up before the aircraft GPS system supplies accurate information to the KGP 560/860.
Normal Procedures Pressing the Self-Test switch as the Level One Self-Test is completed will initiate Level Two of the internal test capability. Level Two provides information about any faults the system may be detecting. Normally, this will not be necessary. If a normal Self-Test is unsuccessful, a Level Two test is automatically initiated by the system. Further Self-Test levels may be accessed after Level Two by following instructions to “Press to Continue” at the end of Level Two and so on.
Normal Procedures RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR GA-EGPWS WARNINGS IN FLIGHT “PULL UP” If in Instrument conditions or at night where visual judgement of the situation is not assured: 1. Level wings and simultaneously pitch up at a rate of 2 to 3 degrees per second to the aircraft’s BEST ANGLE of CLIMB attitude and speed. (RESPECT AIRCRAFT STALL CONDITION). 2. Apply Maximum Power. 3. Continue maximum climb until all visual and aural warnings cease. 4. Advise Air Traffic Control as necessary.
Normal Procedures RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR GA-EGPWS ALERTS IN FLIGHT “Terrain Ahead” or “Obstacle Ahead” “Caution Terrain” or “Caution Obstacle” “Too Low” or “Too Low Terrain” “Check Altitude” Condition: Aircraft flight path is in conflict with terrain/obstacle. Action: Take IMMEDIATE action to adjust flight path away from threat until alert/warning ceases. Condition: Aircraft flight path is in conflict with terrain/obstacle.
Additional Information ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AUDIO MESSAGE PRIORITY Only ONE message is produced at any one time. The highest priority voice message takes precedence, and may IMMEDIATELY interrupt any lower priority message as shown in the table below. If the aircraft is in a situation that meets more than one condition for an alert or warning at the same time, the higher priority message will be heard until that condition is resolved.
Additional Information Note 1: These are the only voices that can interrupt. Note 2: The preface voices will always be given prior to the warning voice. Note 3: Voice message is continuous. Note 4: Voice message will repeat every 10 seconds. Note 5: Voice message may be disabled depending upon configuration. Note 6: KGP 860 only, messages may be disabled depending upon configuration.
Additional Information Note 5: Voice message may be disabled depending upon configuration. Note 6: KGP 860 only, messages may be disabled depending upon configuration. GA-EGPWS COCKPIT LAMPS & SWITCHES A representative sample of a possible annunciator and switch installation is pictured below. Other configurations are at the discretion of the installer and operational requirements of the aircraft.
Additional Information KGP 560/860 CONTINUED AIRWORTHINESS AND DATABASE UPDATE PROCEDURES Normal maintenance activities performed on the KGP 560/860 should follow standard industry maintenance practices. System maintenance practices may included updating the Terrain, Obstacle and Runway database. Other maintenance practices, such as re-programming the Configuration Module, are addressed in the KGP 560/860 System Installation Manual.
Additional Information KGP 560/860 PRODUCT SUPPORT Customer Support: 1-800-712-0400 To order database updates, contact Navigation Services at the following numbers: 1-800-247-0230 if calling from within the United States or Canada (913) 712-3145 if calling from outside the United States or Canada (913) 712-3904 FAX e-mail: nav.database@honeywell.com Database updates may also be ordered on-line by visiting www.gpsdatabase.
Additional Information Intentionally left blank Rev 5 Jul/2004 32 KGP 560/860 Pilot's Guide
Honeywell International Inc. One Technology Center 23500 West 105th Street Olathe, KS 66061 Telephone (913) 712-0400 FAX 913-712-1302 Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2003-2005 Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved.
