Specifications
Appendix D: Cabling Guidelines | 41
Smart Switch Software Manual
Length
The maximum distance limitation between two pieces of equipment is 100 m, as per the
original Ethernet specification. The end-to-end link is called the “channel.”
TSB-67 defines the “Basic Link” which is the portion of the link that is part of the building
infrastructure. This excludes patch and equipment cords. The maximum basic link length is
295 feet (90 m).
Return Loss
Return loss measures the amount of reflected signal energy resulting from impedance
changes in the cabling link. The nature of 1000BASE-T renders this measurement very
important; if too much energy is reflected back on to the receiver, the device does not perform
optimally.
Unlike 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX, which use only two of the four pairs of wires within the
Category 5, 1000BASE-T uses all four pairs of the twisted pair. Make sure all wires are tested
this is important.
Factors that affect the return loss are:
The number of transition points, as there is a connection via an RJ-45 to another connector, a
patch panel, or device at each transition point.
Removing the jacket that surrounds the four pairs of twisted cable. It is highly recommended
that, when RJ-45 connections are made, this is minimized to 1-1/4 inch (32 mm).
Untwisting any pair of the twisted-pair cabling. It is important that any untwisting be
minimized to 3/8 inch (10 mm) for RJ-45 connections.
Cabling or bundling of multiple Category 5 cables. This is regulated by ANSI/EIA/TIA-568A-3.
If not correctly implemented, this can adversely affect all cabling parameters.
Near End Cross Talk (NEXT)
This is a measure of the signal coupling from one wire to another, within a cable assembly, or
among cables within a bundle. NEXT measures the amount of cross-talk disturbance energy
that is detected at the near end of the link — the end where the transmitter is located. NEXT
measures the amount of energy that is “returned” to the sender end. The factors that affect
NEXT and cross talk are exactly the same as outlined in the Return Loss section. The
cross-talk performance is directly related to the quality of the cable installation.
Patch Cables
When installing your equipment, replace old patch panel cables that do not meet Category 5e
specifications. As pointed out in the NEXT section, this near end piece of cable is critical for
successful operation.