Product Manual

7-piece hand evaluation set
Hydraulic hand dynamometer – The hand dynamometer can be used to measure grip strength. It is calibrated in pounds and kilograms of force.
The grip handle is adjustable to accommodate various size hands. Always use the same grip setting and dynamometer when evaluating a specific subject for hand trauma
or disease.
Set the handle to the desired position. Have subject hold the dynamometer in a comfortable position. The shoulder should be adducted and neutrally rotated, the elbow
flexed to 90 degrees, and the forearm and wrist should be in a neutral position. Have the subject squeeze the handle using his/her maximum effort. The red maximum
pointer will remain at the subject's maximum reading until it is reset. The red maximum pointer must be reset before each grip test. Rotate the small knurled knob on top
of the dial indicator in a counterclockwise direction until it rests against the black pointer at the zero marking. Each grip test should be repeated three times and the aver-
age result should be used.
Grip strength varies depending upon the size of the object being grasped. The adjustable handle allows for quantification of grip strength for different sized objects.
To determine whether a subject is exerting maximum effort use the following protocol:
• Take readings with adjustable handle in all five positions
• Test the normal hand and then the injured hand
• Repeat the test after five minutes
If maximum effort was exerted there should be approximately a 10% variation in the two sets of test results.
Mechanical Pinch Gauge – The finger pinch gauge can be used to measure pinch strength. It is calibrated in pounds and kilograms of force.
Apply pinch force at the pinch groove while holding the pinch gauge between your thumb and finger(s). When force is applied further toward the tip the reading will be
slightly higher. When force is applied further toward the rear the reading will be slightly lower.
The gauge must be “zeroed” before each pinch test. Grasp the knurled ring of the dial indicator and rotate it until the zero on the dial indicator is directly under the black
pointer.
The red maximum pointer must be reset before each pinch test. Rotate the small knurled knob on top of the dial indicator in a counterclockwise direction until it rests
against the black pointer at the zero marking. The red maximum pointer will remain at the subject's maximum reading until it is reset.
Use the pinch gauge to perform the three basic pinch tests:
• Tip Pinch --- thumb tip to index fingertip
• Key Pinch --- thumb pad to lateral aspect of middle phalanx of index finger
• Palmer Pinch --- thumb pad to pads of the index and middle fingers
NORMS FOR ADULT GRIP STRENGTH performance of all subjects (pounds)
men women
age hand mean SD low-high mean SD low-high
20-24 dominant 121.0 20.6 91-167 70.4 14.5 46-95
non-dominant 104.5 21.8 71-150 61.0 13.1 33-88
25-29 dominant 120.8 23.0 78-158 74.5 13.9 48-97
non-dominant 110.5 16.2 77-139 63.5 12.2 48-97
30-34 dominant 121.8 22.4 70-170 78.7 19.2 46-137
non-dominant 110.4 21.7 64-145 68.0 17.7 36-115
35-39 dominant 119.7 24.0 76-176 74.1 10.8 50-99
non-dominant 112.9 21.7 73-157 66.3 11.7 49-91
40-44 dominant 116.8 20.7 84-165 70.4 13.5 38-103
non-dominant 112.8 18.7 73-157 62.3 13.8 35-94
45-49 dominant 109.9 23.0 65-155 62.2 15.1 39-100
non-dominant 100.8 22.8 58-160 56.0 12.7 37-83
50-54 dominant 113.6 18.1 79-151 65.8 11.6 38-87
non-dominant 101.9 17.0 70-143 57.3 10.7 35-76
55-59 dominant 101.1 26.7 59-154 57.3 12.5 33-86
non-dominant 83.2 23.4 43-128 47.3 11.9 31-76
60-64 dominant 89.7 20.4 51-137 55.1 10.1 37-77
non-dominant 76.8 20.3 27-116 45.7 10.1 29-66
65-69 dominant 91.1 20.6 56-131 49.6 9.7 35-74
non-dominant 76.8 19.8 43-117 41.0 8.2 29-63
70-75 dominant 75.3 21.5 32-108 49.6 11.7 33-78
non-dominant 64.8 18.1 32-93 41.5 10.2 23-67
75+ dominant 65.7 21.1 40-135 42.6 11.0 25-65
non-dominant 55.0 17.0 31-119 37.6 8.9 24-61
ALL dominant 104.3 28.3 32-176 62.8 17.0 25-137
non-dominant 93.1 27.6 27-160 53.9 15.7 23-115
NORMS FOR ADULT PINCH STRENGTH - Key Pinch strength performance of all subjects (pounds)
men women
age hand mean SD low-high mean SD low-high
20-24 dominant 26.0 3.5 21-34 17.6 2.0 14-23
non-dominant 24.8 3.4 19-31 16.2 2.1 13-23
25-29 dominant 26.7 4.9 19-41 17.7 2.1 14-22
non-dominant 25.0 4.7 19-39 16.6 2.1 13-22
30-34 dominant 26.4 4.8 20-36 18.7 3.0 13-25
non-dominant 26.2 5.1 17-36 17.8 3.6 12-26
35-39 dominant 26.1 3.2 21-32 16.6 2.0 12-21
non-dominant 25.6 3.9 18-32 16.0 2.7 12-22
40-44 dominant 25.6 2.6 21-31 16.7 3.1 10-24
non-dominant 25.1 4.0 19-31 15.8 3.1 8-22
45-49 dominant 25.8 3.9 19-35 17.6 3.2 13-24
non-dominant 24.8 4.4 18-42 16.6 2.9 12-24
50-54 dominant 26.7 4.4 20-34 16.7 2.5 12-22
non-dominant 26.1 4.2 20-37 16.1 2.7 12-22
55-59 dominant 24.2 4.2 18-34 15.7 2.5 11-21
non-dominant 23.0 4.7 13-31 14.7 2.2 12-19
60-64 dominant 23.2 5.4 14-37 15.5 2.7 10-20
non-dominant 22.2 4.1 16-33 14.1 2.5 10-19
65-69 dominant 23.4 3.9 17-32 15.0 2.6 10-21
non-dominant 22.0 3.6 17-28 14.3 2.8 10-20
70-75 dominant 19.3 2.4 16-25 14.5 2.9 8-22
non-dominant 19.2 3.0 13-28 13.8 3.0 9-22
75+ dominant 20.5 4.6 9-31 12.6 2.3 8-17
non-dominant 19.1 3.0 13-24 11.4 2.6 7-16
ALL dominant 24.5 4.6 9-41 16.2 3.0 8-25
non-dominant 23.6 4.6 11-42 15.3 3.1 7-26
NORMS FOR ADULT PINCH STRENGTH - Tip Pinch strength performance of all subjects (pounds)
men women
age hand mean SD low-high mean SD low-high
20-24 dominant 18.0 3.0 11-23 11.1 2.1 8-16
non-dominant 17.0 2.3 12-33 10.5 1.7 8-14
25-29 dominant 18.3 4.4 10-34 11.9 1.8 8-16
non-dominant 17.5 5.2 12-36 11.3 1.8 9-18
30-34 dominant 17.4 6.7 12-25 12.6 3.0 8-20
non-dominant 17.6 4.8 10-27 11.7 2.8 7-17
35-39 dominant 18.0 3.6 12-27 11.6 2.5 8-19
non-dominant 17.7 3.8 10-24 11.9 2.4 8-16
40-44 dominant 17.8 4.0 11-25 11.5 2.7 5-15
non-dominant 17.7 3.5 12-25 11.1 3.0 6-17
45-49 dominant 18.7 4.9 12-30 13.2 3.0 9-19
non-dominant 17.6 4.1 12-28 12.1 2.7 7-18
50-54 dominant 18.3 4.0 11-24 12.5 2.2 9-18
non-dominant 17.8 3.9 12-26 11.4 2.4 7-16
55-59 dominant 16.6 3.3 11-24 11.7 1.7 9-16
non-dominant 15.0 3.7 10-26 10.4 1.4 8-13
60-64 dominant 15.8 3.9 9-22 10.1 2.1 7-17
non-dominant 15.3 3.7 9-23 9.9 2.0 6-15
65-69 dominant 17.0 4.2 11-27 10.6 2.0 7-15
non-dominant 15.4 2.9 10-21 10.5 2.4 7-17
70-75 dominant 13.8 2.6 11-21 10.1 2.6 7-15
non-dominant 13.3 2.6 10-21 9.8 2.3 6-17
75+ dominant 14.0 3.4 7-21 9.6 2.8 4-16
non-dominant 13.9 3.7 8-25 9.3 2.4 4-13
ALL dominant
non-dominant
NORMS FOR ADULT PINCH STRENGTH - Palmer Pinch strength performance of all subjects (pounds)
men women
age hand mean SD low-high mean SD low-high
20-24 dominant 26.6 5.3 18-45 17.2 2.3 14-23
non-dominant 25.7 5.8 15-42 16.3 2.8 11-24
25-29 dominant 26.0 4.3 19-35 17.7 3.2 13-29
non-dominant 25.1 4.2 19-36 17.0 3.0 13-26
30-34 dominant 24.7 4.7 16-34 19.3 5.0 12-34
non-dominant 25.4 5.7 15-37 18.1 4.8 12-32
35-39 dominant 26.2 4.1 19-36 17.5 4.2 13-29
non-dominant 25.9 5.4 14-40 17.1 3.4 12-24
40-44 dominant 24.5 4.3 17-37 17.0 3.1 10-23
non-dominant 24.8 4.9 15-37 16.6 3.5 14-25
45-49 dominant 24.0 3.3 19-33 17.9 3.0 12-27
non-dominant 23.7 3.8 8-33 17.5 2.8 12-24
50-54 dominant 23.8 5.4 15-36 17.3 3.1 12-23
non-dominant 24.0 5.8 16-36 16.4 2.9 12-22
55-59 dominant 23.7 4.8 16-34 16.0 3.1 11-26
non-dominant 21.3 4.5 12-25 15.4 3.0 11-21
60-64 dominant 21.8 3.3 16-28 14.8 3.1 10-20
non-dominant 21.2 3.2 15-27 14.3 2.7 10-20
65-69 dominant 21.4 3.0 15-25 14.2 3.1 8-20
non-dominant 21.2 4.1 14-30 13.7 3.4 8-22
70-75 dominant 18.1 3.4 14-27 14.4 2.6 9-19
non-dominant 18.8 3.3 13-27 14.0 1.9 10-17
75+ dominant 18.7 4.2 9-26 12.0 2.6 8-17
non-dominant 18.3 3.8 10-26 11.5 2.6 6-16
ALL dominant 23.4 5.0 9-45 16.3 3.8 8-34
non-dominant 23.0 5.3 10-42 15.7 3.6 6-32
Finger Goniometer – The finger goniometer can be used to measure active or pas-
sive joint range of motion (ROM). It measures joint flexion and hyperextension. It
is calibrated in degrees.
Align the fulcrum of the goniometer with the anatomical fulcrum of the joint being
measured. Place the flat arm of goniometer that is attached to the dial indicator on
the center of the limb (or extremity) to me measured. Hold both arms of the
goniometer and move the joint through its entire range-of-motion (this can be done
actively by the subject or passively by the examiner.) The range of motion can be
read directly from the dial indicator
3-point aesthesiometer –The aesthesiometer is a sensory device that measures a
subject's perception of the cutaneous two-point threshold. The third point makes it
possible to alternate between single and double point stimulation without changing
the distance setting. The device is very lightweight so as not to influence the touch
and/or pain threshold. The tips are plastic to minimize the influence of temperature
sensation.
Blindfold the subject or have the subject close his/her eyes. Set the two points close
together (minimal distance reading). Lightly touch both points simultaneously to
the subject's skin. Ask the subject whether he/she feels one or two points. If the
answer is one point then reset the two points further apart and repeat the test until
the subject reports that he/she feels two points. Read the two point cutaneous
threshold directly from the calibrated scale on the aesthesiometer body.
During the trial, as a check, one point only should be used to touch the skin on
some trials. This can be done by using the convenient third point or by separating
the two points so that only one point can be used.
Different areas of the skin have markedly different two point thresholds. It is inter-
esting to note that there is an increase in two-point cutaneous sensitivity brought
about by practice and a transfer effect from one symmetrical skin area to another
after practice on the first area.
Finger circumference gauge –The finger circumference gauge can be used to
measure finger diameter and/or swelling associated with edema. It is calibrated in
inches and centimeters.
Wrap the webbing around the finger to be evaluated. Thread the webbing through
the eyelet on the ruler. Pull the webbing tough and read the finger circumference
measurement directly from the ruler.
Pinwheel – Use to elicit a subject's cutaneous sensory and/or pain perception. The
test elicits a gross yes/no (on/off) response. There is no specific calibration unit.
Move the pinwheel over the skin area to be tested. Ask the subject whether he/she
feels one or two points. If subject responds negatively the test may be repeated
using more pressure on the pinwheel.
Functional finger motion gauge – Measures composite finger flexion and thumb-
finger opposition. It is calibrated in centimeters.
Composite finger flexion: Place the flat end of the plastic gauge on the subject's
palmer crease and have the subject flex his/her fingers. Read the composite flexion
of each finger directly from the gauge (distance from the palmer crease to the fin-
gertips of the maximally flexed fingers.)
Thumb and finger opposition: Have the subject grasp the smallest step possible
between the thumb and finger. Repeat for each finger (index, middle, ring and
pinky.)