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FCC Warning Statement The Cyclades ACS 5000 advanced console server has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class A digital devices, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
Cyclades® ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Avocent, the Avocent logo, The Power of Being There, DSView and Cyclades are registered trademarks of Avocent Corporation or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. All other marks are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Avocent Corporation. All rights reserved.
Instructions This symbol is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the appliance. Dangerous Voltage This symbol is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated dangerous voltage within the product’s enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons. Power On This symbol indicates the principal on/off switch is in the on position.
iii T A B L E O F C ON T E N T S Table of Contents Chapter 1: Using the Command Line Interface ............................................................. 1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Understanding the CLI Utility .................................................................................................... 1 Accessing the CLI ................................................
iv Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Authentication .................................................................................................................................. 33 User access to serial ports........................................................................................................ 36 NIS Client.........................................................................................................................................
Table of Contents v Date and Time, Timezone and Daylight Saving .............................................................................. 83 Daylight Saving Time (DST)..................................................................................................... 83 Network Time Protocol (NTP).................................................................................................. 85 Session Sniffing .......................................................................................
vi Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide
1 CHAPTER Using the Command Line Interface 1 Overview The Cyclades® ACS 5000 advanced console server command line interface (CLI) may be used for administration and maintenance of the ACS 5000 console server. CLI is comprised of a set of keywords nested in a hierarchy format. CLI allows the console server administrator to perform the same configuration tasks available through the web manager.
2 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Remote users may access the console server CLI through SSH, by using a terminal emulation program to dial into an external modem or by creating a PPP connection with an external modem. • By clicking Connect to ACS 5000 in the web manager. After logging into the web manager, you may access the CLI by clicking the Connect menu option.
Chapter 1: Using the Command Line Interface Modes of operation The following table describes the three modes of executing commands using the CLI utility. Table 1.1: Modes of Operation Mode Description Command Line CLI is invoked in the Linux shell with commands and parameters. For example: [root@CAS root]# bin/CLI config network hostsettings hostname Batch • • CLI commands may be saved in a text file and executed in batch mode by invoking the CLI utility with the -f option.
4 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Table 1.1: Modes of Operation (Continued) Mode Description Interactive CLI is invoked and commands and parameters are entered in the Linux shell. CLI is active until the quit command is issued.
Chapter 1: Using the Command Line Interface 5 Saving CLI changes Configuration changes made in any of the CLI modes are temporary. Changes are not activated and saved into the configuration files unless you run the commands described in the following table. Table 1.2: CLI Commands for Saving Configuration Changes Command Action config runconfig Saves and activates configuration changes in the appropriate configuration files.
6 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Table 1.4: Command History Keys (Continued) Ctrl+p Move back through the history list, fetching the previous command (same as ). NOTE: The command history buffer is only available for the last 500 commands in the current session. The history is cumulative, so terminating the session does not clear the buffer. This means a user may log in to the CLI and go back over the commands entered by a previous user. Table 1.
Chapter 1: Using the Command Line Interface Table 1.6: CLI Global Commands (Continued) show Displays the configuration parameter(s). When combined with a command name supported at the current level, the applicable information or parameter is displayed. CLI command arguments Command arguments are used when CLI is invoked in the command line mode in the Linux shell or in a batch mode Table 1.7: CLI Command Arguments Argument Description -q Suppress the output of error messages from CLI.
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9 CHAPTER 2 Network Configuration Network Settings The following instructions assume you are installing a new console server or you have reset an existing unit to factory default parameters. Default configuration is with IPV4 and IPV6 enabled: • IPV4 networking will be enabled and the main Ethernet interface IP address will be obtained from a DHCPv4 Server.
10 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide -orIf you enter y, you will be prompted to save your configuration after the following warning is displayed: (Note: If you are NOT connected to this unit through a console, and you have just reconfigured the IP of this unit, activating the new configurations may cause you to lose connection. In that case, please reconnect to the unit by the new IP address, and manually issue a saveconf to save your configurations to flash.
Chapter 2: Network Configuration 11 NOTE: If services not supporting IPv6 are needed, select Dual Stack (IPv4 and IPv6) and those services will be available for IPv4. IPv4 Addressing To enable IPv4 network addressing: 1. From the shell prompt on your terminal, enter the following command. # CLI 2. From the cli prompt, enter the following: cli> config network hostsettings ipmode dualstack This will enable both IPv4 and IPv6 network addressing.
12 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide • Virtual ports To enable IPv6 network addressing: 1. From the shell prompt on your terminal, enter the following command. # CLI 2. From the cli prompt, enter the following: cli> config network hostsettings ipmode dualstack This will enable both IPv4 and IPv6 network addressing. -orcli> config network hostsettings ipmode ipv6 This will enable IPv6 network addressing only.
Chapter 2: Network Configuration 13 Table 2.2: IPv6 Specific Configurations (Continued) IPv6 Specific Level 1 IPv6 Specific Level 2 ipv6method staticipaddress Description Selects the way IPV6 addresses will be configured or obtained. stateless_only IPv6 local address will be dynamically obtained from an IPv6 Router in the local network – this method is to be used only if the two others are not available (local IPv6 addresses obtained by the router cannot be used outside the local network).
14 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide NOTE: If the gateway address is IPV6 link_local (range identified by the first 10 bits equal to 1111111010), then the interface id is required: config network stroutes add default gateway interface Activate and save your configuration. cli> config runconfig cli> config savetoflash Host settings To configure host settings: 1. Enter the following string at the CLI prompt. Refer to Table 2.
Chapter 2: Network Configuration 15 Table 2.3: Host Settings Parameters and Values (Continued) Parameter Level1 Parameter Level2 Value Description secdnsserver / Secondary DNS Server (IPv4 or IPv6) primipaddress Primary IP address (IPv4 specific) secipaddress Secondary IP address (IPv4 specific) primsubnetmask Primary subnet mask (IPv4 specific) secsubnetmask
16 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide 2. Enable or disable desired protocols or services. Refer to Table 2.5 for the list of parameters and values. custom> [parameter] 3. Activate and save your configuration. Table 2.
Chapter 2: Network Configuration 2. 17 Activate and save your configuration. VPN Configuration You can set up VPN connections to establish an encrypted communication between the console server and a host on a remote network. The encryption creates a security tunnel for dedicated communications. To set up a security gateway, you should install IPSec. The ESP and AH authentication protocols, and RSA Public Keys and Shared Secret are supported. To configure VPN: 1.
18 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Table 2.6: VPN Parameters (Continued) Parameter Value Description leftsubnet rightsubnet The netmask of the subnetwork where the host resides. NOTE: Use CIDR notation. The IP number followed by a slash and the number of ‘one’ bits in the binary notation of the netmask. For example, 192.168.0.0/24 indicates an IP address where the first 24 bits are used as the network address. This is the same as 255.255.255.0.
Chapter 2: Network Configuration 19 To configure SNMP v1/v2 (example): 1. The following command configures SNMP v1/v2 with the following parameters. • community: avocent • OID: .1 • permission: ro (read only) • source (allowed host): 192.168.0.200 cli> config network snmp v1v2 add community avocent oid .1 permission ro source 192.168.0.200 2. Run the following commands to activate and save the configuration. In order to configure SNMP v3, enter the following command. Refer to Table 2.
20 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide cli> config network snmp v3 add username john password john1234 oid .1 permission ro 2. Activate and save your configuration. Hosts To configure hosts: 1. Add a host name with IP address. cli> config network hosttable add hostip name [hostname] You may repeat this step as many times as necessary. 2. Activate and save your configuration.
Chapter 2: Network Configuration 21 Structure of the iptables The iptables are structured in three levels: table, chain and rule. A table may contain several chains and each chain may contain several rules. Table The table indicates how the iptables works. There are currently three independent tables supported by the iptables but only two are used. • filter: This is the default table. • nat: This table is consulted when a packet that creates a new connection is encountered.
22 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Configuring IP tables IPv4 Syntax # iptables -command chain rule-specification [-t table] [options] # iptables -E old-chain-name new-chain-name where, • table - May be filter or nat. If the option -t is not specified, the filter table is assumed. • chain • For filter table: INPUT, OUTPUT, FORWARD or a user-created chain. • for nat table: PREROUTING, OUTPUT, POSTROUTING or a user-created chain.
Chapter 2: Network Configuration 23 Table 2.9: iptables Commands Options (Continued) Command Description -L - - list List all rules in the selected chain. If no chain is selected, all chains are listed. It is legal to specify the -Z (zero) option as well, in which case the chain(s) are automatically listed and zeroed. The exact output is affected by the other arguments given. -F -- flush Flush the selected chain. This is equivalent to deleting all the rules one-by-one.
24 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Table 2.10: iptables Rules Specifications (Continued) Parameter Description -d - -destination[!]address[/mask] Destination specification. See the description of the -s (source) flag for a detailed description of the syntax. The flag - -dst is an alias for this option. -j - - jump target This specifies the target of the rule, for example, what to do if the packet matches it.
Chapter 2: Network Configuration 25 Table 2.10: iptables Rules Specifications (Continued) Parameter Description -n - -numeric Numeric output. IP addresses and port numbers are printed in numeric format. By default the program tries to display them as host names, network names or service, when applicable. -x - -exact Expand numbers.
26 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Table 2.11: TCP Extensions (Continued) TCP extension Description [!] -- syn Only match TCP packets with the SYN bit set and the ACK and FIN bits cleared. Such packets are used to request TCP connection initiation; for example, blocking such packets coming in an interface prevents incoming TCP connections, but outgoing TCP connections are unaffected. It is equivalent to - -tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN.
Chapter 2: Network Configuration 27 Multiport extension This module matches a set of source or destination ports. Up to 15 ports may be specified. It may only be used in conjunction with -m tcp or -m udp. Table 2.14: Multiport Extensions Multiport extension Description - -source-port [port[,port]] Match if the source port is one of the given ports. - -destination-port [port[,port]] Match if the destination port is one of the given ports.
28 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide user-defined chains which are only called from those chains. Several options control the nature of the error packet returned. Table 2.16: LOG Extension LOG extension Description - -reject-with type The type given may be icmp-net-unreachable, icmp-host-unreachable, icmp-portunreachable, icmp-proto-unreachable, icmp-net-prohibited or icmp-hostprohibited, which return the appropriate ICMP error message (port-unreachable is the default).
Chapter 2: Network Configuration 29 the packet should be modified (and all future packets in this connection are also mangled) and rules should cease being examined. It takes one option. Table 2.18: DNAT Target DNAT target Description - -to-destination [][:port-port] This may specify a single new destination IP address, an inclusive range of IP addresses and optionally, a port range (which is only valid if the rule also specifies -p tcp or -p udp).
30 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide To configure firewall: fwset script Iptables rules are stored in /etc/network/firewall. The fwset script saves the iptables rules in /etc/network/firewall and saves it to Flash memory. fwset restore Restores the iptables’ rules previously saved in /etc/network/firewall to their original configuration. This command is executed at boot to invoke the last saved configuration. 1. Execute fwset restore. 2.
Chapter 2: Network Configuration 31 Table 2.21: Routing Table Parameters (Continued) Parameter Description interf The interface to use for the route. Must be specified if a gateway is not. When a gateway is specified, the operating system determines which interface is to be used. Use the following command to configure static routes. Refer to Table 2.22 for the list of parameters and the descriptions. cli> config network stroutes add [parameter] Table 2.
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33 CHAPTER 3 Security This chapter describes the procedures for configuring authentication service(s) that the console server and its connected devices use. Authentication is the process by which the system, or more specifically, an authentication service such as Kerberos, LDAP or TACACS+, verifies the identity of users as well as confirms receipt of communication to authorized recipients.
34 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide cli> config physicalports <'all' or range/list[1-xx]> access authtype [parameter] 2. Activate and save your configuration. To configure general authentication to the console server: 1. Execute the following command to configure authentication. Refer to Table 3.1 for authentication parameters and fallback mechanisms. cli> config security authentication authtype [parameter] 2. Activate and save your configuration. Table 3.
Chapter 3: Security 35 Table 3.1: Cyclades ACS 5000 Console Server Serial Port and General Authentication Methods Authentication type Parameter none None (Available for serial port authentication only.) Description Not a valid option when the serial port is configured for Power Management protocol. The system defaults to Local if no authentication type is selected. To configure authentication servers: 1. Execute the following command to configure authentication server parameters. Refer to Table 3.
36 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide User access to serial ports To add groups and users: 1. Enter the following command to create user groups and add members, if required. cli> config security addgroup groupname usernames <[name_1, name_2, . . . name_n]> 2. Enter the following command to create users with administrative rights or limited access. adduser admin [yes|no] password shell comments Table 3.
Chapter 3: Security • 37 Load a key for the local “root” user accessed by root@192.168.0.1/home/key. security> loadkey username url security> loadkey username root url root@192.168.0.1/home/key • Activate and save your configuration. NIS Client NIS (Network Information System) provides generic client-server database access facilities that can be used to distribute information. This makes the network appear as a single system, with the same accounts on all hosts.
38 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide ypserver 192.168.160.110 3. Edit the /etc/nsswitch.conf file to include the NIS in the lookup order of the databases. 4. Configure the parameter .authype as local. To test the configuration: 1. Start with the following command. # /usr/sbin/ypbind 2. Display the NIS server name by running the following command. # /usr/bin/ypwhich 3. Display the all users entry by running the following command.
Chapter 3: Security 39 Table 3.5: nsswitch.conf Parameters (Continued) Parameter Description UNAVAIL The service is permanently unavailable. TRYAGAIN The service is temporarily unavailable. The following examples illustrate the use of NIS to authenticate users. • Authenticate the user in the local database; if the user is not found, then use NIS. passwd: files nis shadow: files nis group: files nis • Authenticate the user using NIS; if the user is not found, then use the local database.
40 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide The login program or kinit decrypts the TGT using the user's key, which is computed from the user's password. The TGT, which is set to expire after a certain period of time, is stored in the credentials cache. An expiration time is set so that a compromised TGT may only be used for a certain period of time, usually eight hours, unlike a compromised password, which could be used until changed.
Chapter 3: Security 41 kadmin: ktadd host/acs48-2.cyclades.com kadmin: q To list all configured hosts in the Kerberos server, run the following command, which displays all hosts added through the ktadd command in the Kerberos server. # klist -k 7. Configure hostname and domain name. # hostname acs48-2 # domainname cyclades.
42 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide # klist 5. Connect from the client to the console server through SSH. # ssh john@acs5048-2.cyclades.com 6. Open an SSH session to one of the console server’s ports. # ssh john:7001@acs5048-2.cyclades.com 7. RLOGIN to the console server with forwardable tickets. # rlogin -l john acs5048-2.cyclades.com -F 8. Telnet to the console serverwith forwardable tickets. # telnet -l john acs5048-2.cyclades.
Chapter 3: Security 6. 43 Save your changes. # saveconf LDAP Authentication To configue LDAP authentication on the console server: 1. Execute the following command. Refer to Table 3.6 for authentication parameters. cli> config security authentication [parameter] 2. Activate and save your configuration. Table 3.6: LDAP Authentication Parameters Parameter Value Description ldapbasedomain Distinguished name of the search base. dc=cyclades,dc=com ldapserver
44 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide To configure a TACACS+ authentication server: 1. On the server, add raccess service to the user configuration. 2. Define to which group or groups the user belongs. user = { global = cleartext “” service = raccess{ group_name = [,]; } } To configure user permission on the TACACS+ server: 1. On the TACACS+ server, open the file /etc/tacacs/tac_plus.cfg.
Chapter 3: Security 45 Table 3.7: Parameters for Specifying User Authorization on a TACACS+ Server (Continued) Parameter Description service = Specifies the authorization method used and whether the user is allowed or denied access when the raccess parameter is set on the console server. Only users who have this parameter set to raccess have authorization to access the specified ports.
46 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide To configure a RADIUS authentication server: 1. On the Radius server, edit /etc/raddb/users and add a new string attribute (ATTRIBUTE Framed-Filter-Id) similar to the following example. groupuser1 Auth-Type= Local, Password =”xxxx” Service-Type=Callback-Framed-User, Callback-Number=”305”, Framed-Protocol=PPP, Framed-Filter-Id Framed-Filter-Id=”group_name=[,,...
Chapter 3: Security 47 Table 3.9: Radius Configuration Parameters (Continued) Parameter Value Description radiussvctype Set to “no” to authorize the ACS console server to retrieve the level of user based on the group_name attribute sent by the RADIUS server. Set to “yes” to authorize the ACS console server to retrieve the level of the user (admin or regular) based on the Service-Type attribute from the RADIUS server.
48 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide • The main memory on the console server • NFS-mounted directory • Configure OTP for each user. The console server administrator must make sure each user who needs to use OTP has a local account on the console server and is registered with the OTP system. • Configure a serial port configured as PPP and with an external modem for OTP authentication. You may use WMI or the CLI utility to configure a serial port for OTP.
Chapter 3: Security 49 Re-enter new password: users_passwd 3. Execute the opiepasswd command to register a user and generate a default OPIE key. This command initializes the system information to allow using OPIE login. NOTE: You may use the -c option (console mode) if you have secure access to the console server. Running OPIE commands through an unsecured connection may reveal your password and compromise security.
50 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide To generate OTP passwords: 1. Execute the command opiekey to generate passwords for the users. NOTE: Do not execute the opiekey command through dial-in or an unsecured remote connection such as Telnet. The following example uses MD5 (-5 option) to verify data integrity. The -n option followed by the sequence number 498 generates 5 passwords ending with number 498.
Chapter 3: Security 51 The Certificate Signing Request (CSR) generated by the command contains some personal or corporate information and its public key. Table 3.11: Required Information for the OpenSSL Package (etc/openssl.conf file by default) Parameter Description Country Name (2 letter code) The country code consisting of two letters. State or Province Name (full name) Provide the full name (not the code) of the state. Locality Name Enter the name of your city.
52 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide To generate a self-signed certificate: 1. Open the /etc/req_key file and update the user data with your organization specific data. # vi /etc/req_key [ req ] default_bits distinguished_name prompt x509_extensions [ cyclades ] C ST L O OU CN emailAddress = = = = = = = = = = = 1024 cyclades no x509v3 US CA Fremont Cyclades Corporation R&D www.cyclades.com support@cyclades.
Chapter 3: Security 53 To configure an X.509 certificate for SSH: 1. Enter the following command to configure an X.509 certificate. See Table 3.12 for the list of parameters. cli> config security profile custom ssh ssh_x509 [parameter] Table 3.12: X.509 Certificate Parameters Parameter Value CA_file hostkey authorizedkeys path and filename of authorized keys> 2. Activate and save your configuration.
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55 CHAPTER 4 Accessing Connected Devices This chapter describes set up and configuration parameters for accessing serial ports and connected devices. Connection Profiles and Protocols The following table describes each connection profile and supported protocols. Table 4.1: Connection Profiles and Protocols Connection Profile Supported Protocol Console Access Server (CAS) Telnet SSH TelnetSSH Raw Configure when a serial port is connected to the console port of a server.
56 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Serial ports general parameters To configure general parameters: 1. Execute the following command for one or multiple serial ports. Refer to Table 4.2 for port configuration parameters. cli> config physicalports <'all' or range/list[1-4] general [parameter] 2. Activate and save your configuration. Table 4.
Chapter 4: Accessing Connected Devices 57 To configure other configuration parameters: 1. Execute the following command for one or multiple serial ports. Refer to Table 4.3 for configuration parameters. cli> config physicalports <'all' or range/list[1-4] other [parameter] 2. Activate and save your configuration. Table 4.3: Other Serial Port Configuration Parameters Parameter Value Description banner To set the banner that is displayed when you connect to a serial port.
58 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide To open and close a Telnet session to a serial port: # telnet [hostname] [TCP port number] Table 4.4: Telnet Session Configuration Parameters Parameter Description hostname Workstation name or its IP address. TCP port number TCP port number assigned to the serial port. To close a Telnet session, press the hotkey defined for the Telnet client. The default is Ctrl+].
Chapter 4: Accessing Connected Devices Calling ts_menu with specific parameters # ts_menu -u [-l[c]] [-ro] [-s] [-auth] Table 4.6: ts_menu Parameters Parameter Description -u Invokes ts_menu as the user named by . This requires a password to be entered. The user has access only to the authorized serial ports. -l[c] Generates a list of ports to which a user has access. Port aliases are shown if defined.
60 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide To close the session from ts_menu (local): 1. Enter the escape character shown when you connect to the port. In character/text mode, the Escape character is Ctrl+]. 2. Console escape commands are displayed. Table 4.7: Console Escape Commands Command Description l go to line mode c go to character mode z suspend telnet b send break t toggle binary e exit telnet 3.
Chapter 4: Accessing Connected Devices 61 Table 4.8: ts_menu Configuration Parameters Parameter Value Description consolename Name of the serial port to which you need to connect. list To display a list of the available serial ports. readonly To connect to the console of a server in read-only mode.
62 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide 2 1 4 3 6 5 8 7 9 Internet Figure 4.1: Example of CAS Configuration with Local Authentication Table 4.9: Example of CAS Configuration with Local Authentication Descriptions Item Description Item Description 1 Servers on Serial Ports 6 Ethernet Hub or Switch 2 Cyclades ACS 5000 Console Server 7 Ethernet Router 3 Power Cable 8 Local User 4 Ethernet CAT 5 Cable 9 User 5 Local Network Server Figure 4.
Chapter 4: Accessing Connected Devices 2 1 4 3 6 5 9 8 7 Internet 10 Figure 4.2: Example of CAS Configuration with Local and Remote Authentication Table 4.
64 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide # passwd 2. Make sure the physical connection between the console server and the servers is correct. 3. Confirm the communication parameters (9600 bps, 8N1) are set on both the server and the console server. 4. Make sure the server is configured to route console data to its serial console port (Console Redirection). 5. Telnet to the server connected to Port 1. 6.
Chapter 4: Accessing Connected Devices 2 4 3 1 5 6 Internet 7 Figure 4.3: Example of TS Configuration Profile Table 4.11: Example of TS Configuration Profile Descriptions Item Description Item Description 1 Terminals on Serial Port (dumb terminal or workstation running terminal application) 5 Ethernet Hub or Switch 2 Cyclades ACS 5000 Console Server 6 Ethernet Router 3 Power Cable 7 Remote Servers 4 Ethernet CAT 5 Cable To test a TS configuration: 1.
66 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide 4. Confirm that terminal communication parameters are set to the same as the console server. The console server default communication parameters are at 9600 bps, 8N1. 5. Log in to the server with the newly created username and password. 6. From a terminal connected to the console server, log in to the server using the username and password configured in Step 1. 7. Run the following commands to activate and save your configuration.
Chapter 4: Accessing Connected Devices 3 5 4 2 6 1 7 Internet 8 Figure 4.4: Example of Dial-in Access Profile Table 4.
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69 CHAPTER Administration 5 Process Monitoring The command “w” displays information about the currently logged-in users and their processes. It calls two commands, w_ori and w_cas. The w_ori is the new name of the original command -w and the w_cas displays the CAS session’s information.
70 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide The Process Table The process table displays which processes are running. Type ps -a to see a table similar to the following. Table 5.1: Process Table PID UID VmSize State Command 1 root 592 S /sbin/inetd 31 root 928 S /sbin/inetd 32 root 584 S /sbin/cy_ras 36 root 1148 S /sbin/cy_wdt_led wdt led 154 root 808 R /ps -a To restart the cy_ras process, use its process ID or execute the following command.
Chapter 5: Administration 71 Syslog-ng Syslog-ng daemon reads log system console messages and log files on remote syslog servers as specified by its configuration file. In addition, syslog-ng may filter messages based on its content and perform an action, for example send an email or pager message. The /etc/syslog-ng/syslogng.conf file is used to perform specific configurations. To configure syslog-ng: 1. Define Global Options options { opt1(params); opt2(params); ... }; Table 5.
72 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide 2. Define Sources source { source-driver([params]); source driver([params]); ...}; where, • identifier - Uniquely identifies a given source. • source-driver - A method of retrieving a given message. • params - Each source-driver takes a required or an optional parameter. Table 5.3: Source Drivers Parameters (Syslog-ng Configuration) Option Description internal() Messages are generated internally in syslog-ng.
Chapter 5: Administration source s_kernel { file(‘/proc/kmsg’); }; • Receive messages from local syslogd clients. source sysl {unix-stream(‘/dev/log’);}; • Receive messages from remote syslogd clients. source s_udp { udp(ip() port()); }; • Listen to messages from all machines on UDP port 514. source s_udp { udp(ip(0.0.0.0) port(514));}; • Listen to messages from a client at IP address=10.0.0.1 on UDP port 999. source s_udp_10 { udp(ip(10.0.0.1) port(999)); }; 3.
74 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide • To filter by level. filter f_level { level();}; Examples: filter f_messages { level(info .. warn)}; filter f_emergency { level(emerg); }; filter f_alert { level(alert); }; • To filter by matching a string in the received message. filter f_match { match(‘string’); }; Example to filter by matching the string named: filter f_named { match(‘named’); }; • To filter alarm messages. filter f_alarm { facility(local[0+
Chapter 5: Administration Table 5.5: Destination Drivers Parameters (Syslog-ng Configuration) Option Description file (filename[options]) This is one of the most important destination drivers in syslog-ng. It allows you to output log messages to the named file. The destination filename may include macros (by prefixing the macro name with a '$' sign) which gets expanded when the message is written. Since the state of each created file must be tracked by syslog-ng, it consumes some memory for each file.
76 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide The following is an example of how to send an email. destination { pipe(‘/dev/cyc_alarm’ template(‘sendmail ’));}; where uniquely identifies the destination. Table 5.
Chapter 5: Administration 77 The following example displays an email sent to z@none.com (SMTP's IP address 10.0.0.2) from the email address a@none.com with subject “ALARM”. The message carries the current date, hostname of the console server and the message received from the source. destination d_mail1 { pipe('/dev/cyc_alarm' template('sendmail -t z@none.com -f a@none.com -s \”ALARM\” \\ -m \'$FULLDATE $HOST $MSG\' -h 10.0.0.2')); }; The following example shows how to send a message to the sms server.
78 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide • 0 : specific trap • \"\" : host-uptime • .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.1 :interfaces.iftable.ifentry.ifdescr.1 • s : the type of the next field (it is a string) • \"\" The following example sends a Link Down trap to a server at 10.0.0.1 with message carrying the current date, the hostname console server and the message received from the source.
Chapter 5: Administration 79 log { source(sysl); source(s_udp); filter(f_messages); destination(d_messages); }; • To send an email if message received from local syslog client has the string kernel panic. log { source(sysl); filter(f_kpanic); destination(d_mail1); }; • To send an email and pager if message received from local syslog client has the string “root” login.
80 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Syslog Messages The console server may generate syslog messages to enable system administrators to monitor system changes. Syslog messages are generated when specific actions are performed or certain conditions are met through user entered commands. The system generates and sends messages to a syslog server using the following format.
Chapter 5: Administration 81 Notifications and Alarms System notifications allow an administrator to manage servers by filtering the messages generated from a server’s console port. It helps with sending email or pager notifications based on the server’s message content. Configuring alarm notification cli> config administration notifications [parameter] Table 5.
82 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Table 5.8: System Notifications Parameters (Continued) Parameter Level1 Parameter Level2 addsnmptrap add Snmptrap> body community oid server cancel trapnum alarm Value Description Sends a SNMP trap to the configured server if the defined string appears.
Chapter 5: Administration 83 add Email>smtpport 25 add Email>subject "Testing Config" 4. Activate and save your configuration. Dual Power Management The console server comes with two power supplies which it may self-monitor. If either of them fails, two actions are performed, sounding a buzzer and generating a syslog message. This automanagement may be disabled (no actions are taken) or enabled (default), any time by issuing the commands.
84 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide cli> config administration date/time [parameter] Table 5.9: Date and Time Configuration Parameters Parameter Value date time Enter the following command to set the timezone. For configuration parameters see Table 5.10. cli> config administration timezone [parameter] Table 5.
Chapter 5: Administration 85 Table 5.10: Timezone Configuration Parameters (Continued) Parameter Level1 Standard Parameter Level2 Value Description 01h_east_GMT . . . 14h_east_GMT GMT 01h_west_GMT . . . 12h_west_GMT The following are examples of configuring timezones.
86 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide NOTE: To deactivate the NTP service you need to configure date by issuing the following command: cli> config administration date/time date Session Sniffing When multiple sessions are allowed for one serial port, the behavior of the console server is as follows. • The first user to connect to the port opens a common session. • From the second connection onwards, only admin users are allowed to connect to that port.
Chapter 5: Administration 87 NOTE: Typing all.escape_char or sN.escape_char from the sniff session or send message mode makes the console server to show the previous menu. If you kill all regular sessions using option 4, your session initiates as a regular session automatically. To configure session sniffing: 1. Execute the following command for one or multiple serial ports. Refer to Table 5.11 for session sniffing parameters.
88 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide the parameter s1.data_buffering, though the value cannot be zero since a zero value turns off data buffering. The conf.nfs_data_buffering parameter format is, : For example, if data buffering is enabled for port 1, the data is stored in the file ttyS1.data in local directory /var/run/DB or in remote server indicated by conf.nfs_data_buffering.
Chapter 5: Administration 89 Table 5.12: Data Buffering Configuration Parameters (Continued) Parameter Value Description showmenu file | fileanderase | no | noerase | yes Control the DB menu options. syslogserver Defines the IP address of the Syslog server. syslogsize Maximum size of syslog data buffer message. syslogfacility local0 - local7 Defines the facility number for messages generated by the console server to be sent to the Syslog server.
90 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Type menush_cfg and use the available options to define a menu title and menu commands. ------------------------------------------------MenuShell Configuration Utility ------------------------------------------------Please choose from one of the following options: 1. Define Menu Title 2. Add Menu Option 3. Delete Menu Option 4. List Current Menu Settings 5. Save Configuration to Flash 6. Quit Option ==> 2.
Chapter 5: Administration Where is the port number being configured. 4. Activate and save the configuration changes.
92 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide To set up which servers the users may access: 1. Enter the following command to set up a menu, which is prompted when you connect from a dumb terminal. Refer to Table 5.13 for configuration parameters. cli> config applications terminalmenu add [parameter] 2. Activate and save your configuration. Table 5.
Chapter 5: Administration 93 SUDO Configuration Group SUDO configuration group allows users belonging to the administrator (admin) group, by way of commands from the shell command line, to configure the console server’s features provided by the web manager and CLI. NOTE: As supplied, the console server (version 3.3 and greater) provides a user admin from the admin group with the password avocent.
94 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Syntax Enter the following at the shell prompt to see the syntax for the options: # saveconf --help Usage: Save to flash: Save to storage device: Save to local file: Save to FTP server: Save to TFTP server: Save to SSH server: saveconf saveconf sd [default] [replace] saveconf local saveconf ftp saveconf tftp saveconf ssh Table 5.
Chapter 5: Administration Restore from SSH server : restoreconf ssh 95 Table 5.15: Restoreconf Utility and Storage Device Parameters Media Description local Read the configuration from the path and local file. local Read the configuration from the path and filename. ftp Read the configuration from a remote FTP server.
96 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide • Status - Active or inactive. The script does not execute if inactive. • User - The process runs with the privileges of a valid local user. • Source - Pathname of the crontab file that specifies frequency of execution and the name of shell script. It should be set using the traditional crontab file format. Example: active root /etc/tst_cron.src NOTE: In /etc/crontab_files, you may only have one active entry per user.
Chapter 5: Administration 97 Clustering Using Ethernet Interface Clustering allows cascading multiple console servers so that one master may be used to access all console servers on the network. The master console server can manage up to 1024 serial ports. There are no special connections required between the master and slave console servers, except they all need to be connected in the same physical network. Figure 5.
98 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Table 5.16: Example of Using the Clustering Feature Descriptions (Continued) Item Description Item Description 3 Cyclades ACS 5000 Console Server Master: Ethernet LAN IP: 20.20.20.3 7 Management Workstation IP Address: 20.20.20.10 8 Remote Management Workstation 4 Servers on Serial Ports TCP Port Address Range: 7001 - 7016 To configure clustering: 1. Execute the following commands to configure slave console servers.
99 CHAPTER 6 Power Management A Cyclades PM IPDU enables you to remotely control and manage power to target devices attached to the console server. When used in conjunction with the console server, the Cyclades IPDU delivers management capabilities that integrate the console server and power management into a single interface.
100 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide 2. Configure the connection type SSH, Telnet or both for users to connect to the IPDU. cli> config physicalports general pmsessions 3. Define a unique name for each connected IPDU appliance. cli> config physicalports general alias 4. Configure the communication protocol for each target server connected to a serial port.
Chapter 6: Power Management 101 • An IPDU appliance should have a unique name, referred to as an IPDU ID. • If the IPDU ID is not defined or is duplicated, the console server assigns a default name to an IPDU appliance. • Once the IPDU ID is saved, the console server identifies the IPDU appliance regardless of the serial port it is connected to, or its position in the cluster. To rename or assign a name to an IPDU: 1. From the command prompt, execute the pmCommand.
102 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide 4. Activate and save your configuration. cli> config runconfig cli> config savetoflash To configure user access to outlets: 1. Invoke the CLI utility and navigate to the pmdconfig directory. cli> config applications pmdconfig 2. Enter one of the following strings to add or edit outlet groups. pmdconfig> usermanagement add pmdconfig> outletgroups edit 3. Assigning outlets to the user.
Chapter 6: Power Management Table 6.1: pmMenu and pmCommand Commands (Continued) Menu Item Command Syntax Description Cycle cycle Turn an outlet Off and On again (recycle power). Prompts you to enter a list of outlet numbers. Lock (Avocent PM PDU and Cyclades IPDU) lock Lock a set of outlets in On or Off state to avoid accidental changes. Prompts you to enter a list of [].
104 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Table 6.1: pmMenu and pmCommand Commands (Continued) Menu Item Command Syntax Current Protection currentprotection (Avocent PM PDU {status|on|off} [] and Cyclades IPDU) Description Enable or disable current protection. This option is to prevent the outlets from being turned on, if the current on the IPDU exceeds the specified threshold.
Chapter 6: Power Management Table 6.1: pmMenu and pmCommand Commands (Continued) Menu Item Command Syntax Description Wake Up State (SPC and ServerTech) wakeup [on | off | last] Set the outlet state after a cold boot. It can be set to On, Off or the last saved state. [last] is for ServerTech only.
106 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Table 6.1: pmMenu and pmCommand Commands (Continued) Menu Item Command Syntax Description Voltage Info voltageinfo [reset] [ []] Display or clear the maximum/minimum/average recorded voltage for the defined element, or all elements if one is not defined, to zero. The can be bank name (A, B, C, XY, ...), phase name (X, Y, Z), outlet number (1, 2, ...
Chapter 6: Power Management 107 It was impossible to start a Power Management Session You can't access any Power Management functionality. Please contact your Console Server Administrator. c. If you can access outlet(s) but have no access to outlet(s) of a specific server, the following message appears. You cannot manage the outlet(s) of this server. Please enter the outlet(s) (or '?' for help): 3. Enter the outlet(s) you want to manage.
108 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide IPDU password Although you may not be required to change an IPDU password, you can perform the following procedure to change a password, if needed. To change an IPDU password: 1. Change the connection protocol of the serial port where the IPDU appliance is connected. cli> config physicalports general protocol consoletelnet 2. Activate your configuration changes. cli> config runconfig 3.
Chapter 6: Power Management 109 To upgrade IPDU firmware: 1. From http://www.avocent.com, click Resources-Updates and Documentation. 2. From the Updates section, click Cyclades PM Intelligent Power Distribution Unit for Cyclades PM IPDU or click PM2000 PM3000 Rack PDUs for Avocent PM PDU. The web page will show a firmware list. 3. Click the firmware link. It is recommended that you download the new firmware to a /tmp directory since files in this directory are deleted during the boot process.
110 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide • The number of IPDU units connected to a serial port in a daisy-chain configuration. • The instantaneous RMS current being drawn from each of the IPDU connected to a serial port. • The software version of the IPDU connected to a serial port. • The information about sensors (Current, Voltage, Power Factor) and the Power Consumption of the PDU and for each element (banks, phases, outlets).
111 APP ENDICE S Appendices Appendix A: Additional Features and Applications Windows 2003 server management Emergency Management Services (EMS) is a new feature in the Windows 2003 Server that allows out-of-band remote management and system recovery tasks. All Emergency Management Services output is accessible using a terminal emulator connected to the server serial port. Besides the normal character mode output sent to the serial console, Windows also sends xml tags.
112 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Table A.1: EMS Configuration Parameters and Switches (Continued) Parameter and Switches Description /baud_rate Specifies the baud rate to be used for redirection. Do not use if remotely administered output is being disabled. Valid values are: 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200. /id line_number Specifies the operating system entry line number in the [operating systems] section of the Boot.
Appendices 113 Table A.2: Machine Info Tags (Continued) Element Description Is a numeric string that identifies a successive Windows Build. Is the name of the Windows Server 2003 product currently running on this server. It is one of the following.
114 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide The following elements are included in the tag. Table A.3: Elements in the Tag Element Description Is a hexadecimal GUID signifying the application or tool that is running on the Windows Server platform and communicating via this active channel. It is to be used to discern the different interaction modes.
Appendices 115 Table A.3: Elements in the Tag (Continued) Element Description Is the system name of the active channel. For the GUI-mode Setup tool, they are the filenames where the data is written. • Debug Log (setuplog.txt) • Error Log (setuperr.log) • Action Log (setupact.log) For Windows Server, they are, • SAC (SAC) • CMD (Cmdnnnn), where nnnn indicates the corresponding channel number Is the type of data being emitted on the active channel.
116 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide The tag is emitted when the Windows server system halts such that only elements of the kernel are the most recently operating logic. Table A.4: Tags Description Element Description Is the type of break point. Currently, there is only one type emitted such as Blue Screen which indicates the system was halted prematurely. It is represented by the CLASSNAME=”BLUESCREEN” value.
Appendices 117 filter f_windows_bluescreen { facility(local) and level(info)nd match("XML_MONITOR") and match("BLUESCREEN"); } ; - and filter f_windows_boot { facility(local) and level(info) and match("XML_MONITOR") and not match("BLUESCREEN") and match("machine-info"); } ; Once the desired message is filtered, define which actions we would like to take. Syslog-ng creates macros that may give easy access for the administrators to access the xml information.
118 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide For the f_windows_boot, the following macros are available. Table A.6: f_windows_boot Available Macros Macro Description Value to replace macro $ Machine name MY_WIN_SERVER $ GUID that uniquely identifies this server. If no such value is available, all 0’s GUID string is used. 4c4c4544-8e00-4410-804580c04f4c4c20 $ Processor architecture. It may be either x86 x86 or IA64.
Appendices 119 An example on how to use the macros In the following example, the console server sends an email to the administrator whenever a crash happens. The email should have the information about the reason of the crash, machine name and windows version information. The following entry should be created in syslog-ng.conf. destination win2003mail { pipe("/dev/cyc_alarm" template("sendmail -t administrator@cyclades.
120 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Table A.7: Server Commands (Continued) Command Set Description i <#> Set network interface number, IP address, subnet and gateway. id Display the server identification information. k Kill the given process. l Lower the priority of a process to the lowest possible. lock Lock access to Command Prompt channels. You must provide valid logon credentials to unlock a channel.
Appendices 121 IPMI configuration This program lets you manage IPMI enabled devices locally remotely. These functions include printing FRU information, LAN configuration, sensor readings and remote chassis power control. IPMI [ipmitool] Syntax ipmitool [-hvV] -I interface -H hostname [-L privlvl] [-A authType] [P password] Table A.8: ipmitool Options Option Description Valid Values -h Get basic usage help from the command line. N/A -v Increase verbose output level.
122 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Expressions Table A.
Appendices Table A.10: IPMI CLI Configuration Parameters Parameter Value Description add Add and configure an IPMI device. edit Edit the parameters of an IPMI enabled device. delete Remove an IPMI device. authtype md2 md5 none password Add an authentication method. password Assign a password to access the device. privilege admin operator user Assign a user access level. serverip IP address of the device.
124 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Line printer daemon This feature implements the UNIX Line Printer Daemon (LPD) in the console server and may be used with local serial printers. It enables the console server to receive network print requests and service them using locally attached serial printers. To configure the lpd: 1. Setup the serial port where the serial printer is connected. 2. Edit the /etc/portslave/pslave.
Appendices 7. Execute saveconf command to save the configuration in Flash. 8. Check the console server configuration by entering the following command at your workstation. 125 # lpr -P lp@ CAS port pool CAS port pooling allows you to access a free serial port from a pool in addition to the original feature where you could access a specific serial port.
126 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Alternately, you may access ttyS1 through the pool using TCP port 3000, IP 10.1.0.1 or alias pool1. If it is not free ttyS2 is automatically allocated. If ttyS2 is not free, then the connection is dropped. # Serial port pool: pool-1 # s1.tty ttyS1 s1.protocol socket_server s1.socket_port 7001 // TCP port # for specific allocation s1.pool_socket_port 3000 // TCP port # for the pool s1.ipno 10.0.0.
Appendices 127 Billing The console server family of products may be used as an intermediate buffer to collect serial data (like billing tickets from a PBX), making them available for a posterior file transfer. Different ports may have simultaneous billing sessions. NOTE: Billing is supported only on ACS 5000 Advanced Console Servers running firmware version 3.3.x or earlier.
128 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide To configure billing: 1. Open the /etc/portslave/pslave.conf file and configure the following parameter according to your application. all.protocol - billing 2. In the data buffering section of pslave.conf file configure the following parameters. all.billing_records - 50 all.billing_timeout - 60 min all.billing_eor - "\n" NOTE: The values presented implement the billing feature for all ports of the product.
Appendices -T -i -n -R -u 129 timeout ip netmask route upload Any parameter that is not specified remains unchanged. The following parameters are configured by default for billing. sxx.authtype none sxx.protocol billing sxx.flow none sxx.dcd 0 sxx.sniff_mode no Select the -u option to execute the billing_upload_files.sh script. The script presents the following sequential menu where the upload options may be configured. # billing_upload_files.
130 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Appendix B: Upgrades and Troubleshooting Upgrades Below are the six files added to the standard Linux files in the /mnt/flash directory when an upgrade is needed. • boot_alt - alternate boot code • boot_conf - active boot code • boot_ori - original boot code • config.tgz - console server configuration information • zImage - Linux kernel image To upgrade the console server: 1. Log in to the console server as root. 2.
Appendices 131 For example, the text file contains information similar to the following. 5bcc7d9b3c61502b5c9269cbecd20317 /tftpboot/ 7. If the alphanuemeric string matches the downloaded file, execute the reboot command. 8. After reboot, the console server is updated with the new firmware. Confirm by issuing the following command.
132 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide 12. When the “Fast Ethernet” prompt appears, press Enter. Fast Ethernet ((A)uto Neg, 100 (B)tH, 100 Bt(F), 10 B(t)F, 10 Bt(H)) [A] : The console server should begin to boot off the network and the new image is downloaded. At this point, follow the upgrade process to save the new zImage file into Flash again.
Appendices 133 To set a limit of bytes received by the interface per second: 1. Run bootconf. Current configuration MAC address assigned to Ethernet [00:60:2e:00:16:b9] IP address assigned to Ethernet interface [192.168.160.10] Watchdog timer ((A)ctive or (I)nactive) [A] Firmware boot from ((F)lash or (N)etwork) [F] Boot type ((B)ootp,(T)ftp or Bot(H)) [T] Boot File Name [zvmppcts.bin] Server's IP address [192.168.160.
134 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Table B.1: CPU LED Code Interpretation (Continued) Event CPU LED Morse code Flash Memory Error - Configuration S, L Ethernet Error S, S, L Network Boot Error S, S, S, S, L Real-Time Clock Error S, S, S, S, S, L NOTE: The Ethernet error mentioned in the previous table occurs automatically if the Fast Ethernet link is not connected to an external hub during the boot.
Appendices 135 Boot configuration To configure boot parameters: 1. Use the following command to configure the boot parameters of the console server. Refer to Table B.2 for the description of parameters. cli> config administration bootconfig [parameter] Table B.2: CLI Boot Configuration Parameters Parameter Value Description boottype bootp | both | tftp To set the network boot type. bootunit network To set from where the unit boots.
136 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Session Management cli> administration sessions [parameter] Table B.3: CLI Session Management Parameters Parameter Value Description Kill To cancel a connection to the serial port LIst Lists the current sessions Backup configuration Save or restore configuration to an FTP server cli> administration backupconfig [parameter] Table B.
Appendices Firmware upgrade To upgrade the firmware on the console server: 1. Enter the following command at the CLI prompt. cli> administration upgradefw ftpsite username password filepathname checksum As an example, the following parameters are used to show the command usage. FTP Server: 192.168.100.111 Path: /images/zImage User: john Password: john1234 cli> administration upgradefw ftpsite 192.168.100.
138 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Appendix C: Linux File Structure The Linux file system is organized hierarchically, with the root directory represented by the forward slash (/) symbol. All folders and files are nested within each other below this base directory. Table C.1 displays the Linux directory structure. Table C.1: Linux Directory Structure Path Description /home Contains the working directories of the users.
Appendices 139 Table C.2: File Manipulation Commands (Continued) Command Description mkdir directory_name Creates a directory named directory_name. • mkdir spot • Creates the directory spot in the current directory. • mkdir /tmp/snuggles • Creates the directory snuggles in the directory /tmp. rmdir directory_name Removes the directory indicated by directory_name. pwd Supplies the name of the current directory. While logged in, the user is always “in” a directory.
140 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Appendix D: The vi Editor To edit a file using the vi editor: # vi file_name The vi editor is a three-state line editor with command, line and editing modes. If in doubt as to which mode you are in, press the Esc key, which brings you to the command mode. Table D.1: vi Modes Mode Purpose How to execute Command mode To navigate within an open file. Press the Esc key. Editing mode To edit text. See Table D.2 and Table D.
Appendices 141 Once you have completed your file modification, enter the line mode by typing colon (:) and one of the following commands. Table D.4: vi Line Mode Commands Command Description w Saves the file (w is for write). wq Saves and closes the file (q is for quit). q! Closes the file without saving. w file Saves the file with the name . e file Opens the file named .
142 Cyclades ACS 5000 Advanced Console Server Command Reference Guide Appendix E: Technical Support Our Technical Support staff is ready to assist you with any installation or operating issues you encounter with your Avocent product. If an issue should develop, follow the steps below for the fastest possible service. To resolve an issue: 1. 2. Check the pertinent section of this manual to see if the issue can be resolved by following the procedures outlined. Visit www.avocent.
FCC Warning Statement The Cyclades ACS advanced console server has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class A digital devices, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
For Technical Support: www.avocent.
