ISDN SERVICES FOR WINDOWS 2000 AVM ISDN MultiProtocol Router for Windows® 2000 ADSL H a n d b u c h High-Performance ISDN by . . .
ntmpri-e.book Seite 2 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 AVM MultiProtocol Router for ISDN/DSL This manual and the software it describes are protected by copyright. The manual and software as presented are the object of a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the license conditions. The licensee bears all risk in regard to hazards and impairments of quality which may arise in connection with the use of this product.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 3 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Contents 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 5 5.1 Introduction 6 What does the AVM MultiProtocol Router for ISDN/DSL (NT/MPRI) offer?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The individual features of the NT/MPRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Package Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ntmpri-e.book Seite 4 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 5.2 5.3 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 7 7.1 7.2 8 8.1 8.2 Management and Monitoring Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 NT/MPRI Database Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Tips and Troubleshooting General Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Problems Connecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ntmpri-e.book Seite 5 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Typographical Conventions The following typographical conventions and symbols are used in this manual to make it more readable and to emphasize important information: Highlighting The following table presents a short overview of the highlighting conventions used in this manaul.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 6 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Introduction 1 Introduction Thank you for choosing the AVM MultiProtocol Router for ISDN/DSL (NT/MPRI). This product combines the advantages of ISDN and ADSL with those of the Microsoft operating systems Windows XP, Windows 2000 and Windows NT 4.0. As a multi-protocol router implementing highly developed technology, the NT/MPRI can be utilized in a wide variety of scenarios.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 7 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 What Does the AVM MultiProtocol Router for ISDN/DSL (NT/MPRI) Offer? Network Distributed ISDN: Central ISDN access for all PCs in the local network With NDI all users in the Microsoft network can use the ISDN hardware centrally administered in the server. For all workstations in the network, a CAPI 2.0 interface is available to enable ISDN functions like fax, file transfer, Internet access and on-line services.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 8 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 The individual features of the NT/MPRI The AVM MultiProtocol Router for ISDN/DSL connects physically distant networks. LAN resources at the central office, such as the servers, mainframes, SAP R/3 systems or databases, are thus also available at branch offices of all sizes.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 9 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Optimum ADSL Utilization ler C4 is supported at the basis rate interface (BRI), the BRI version of the NT/MPRI can be expanded to up to eight channels. In the version for the primary rate interface (PRI) up to 120 B channels can be used. The driver software for the AVM ISDN-Controller in Windows XP/Windows 2000/NT computers is included in the NT/MPRI package. It is located on a separate CD entitled “Server Edition”.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 10 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Transmission Features Transmission Features For optimum utilization of the ISDN bandwidth and to increase transmission performance, the NT/MPRI offers the following functions: l data compression (in accordance with the V.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 11 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Security Functions The NT/MPRI does not establish a DSL connection until Internet services are actually requested. During inactive periods the NT/MPRI clears the connection after completing the last 60-second phase begun. l Tried and true filters and spoofing mechanisms intercept certain protocol packets and prevent their unnecessary transmission over ISDN to reduce the duration of the physical connection.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 12 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Simple Installation and Operation The security checks which can be activated for an incoming call from a remote user are illustrated in the following figure: Remote Site (e.g.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 13 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Static and Dynamic Routing The predefined profiles for destinations (IP, IPX, IP+IPX and Internet) can be used to simplify the administrator’s task of configuration. All configuration information is written in a special configuration database, NTR.MDB. This database is located in the installation directory of the NT/MPRI and can be viewed with Microsoft Access.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 14 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Records and Log Functions tablished automatically by a packet intended for a destination outside the LAN. In the latter case, packets can only be sent to a destination for which the route is known, i.e. for those to which a logical ISDN connection exists. l for IPX: dynamic routing with IPX RIP and SAP on the LAN side and over ISDN.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 15 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Interoperability over ISDN Interoperability over ISDN Through support of the interoperability standard PPP over ISDN along with many other PPP standards, described in what are called RCFs, connections are possible to all remote sites that also support these standards. In addition to the RFCs, newer, not yet generally recognized PPP standards, known as “drafts” are implemented in the NT/MPRI.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 16 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Connection Control Connection Control Generally ISDN connections are established automatically on the service channel when resources of the remote site are accessed. If needed, connections can be established and cleared automatically from the NT/MPRI interface. The connection control also presents detailed information about the logical ISDN connections currently active and the negotiated connection parameters. The CICC.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 17 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Installation Together with Other CAPI 2.0 Applications Installation Together with Other CAPI 2.0 Applications Meaningful and cost-effective use of multiple ISDN-Controllers is ensured by combining the installed ISDN-Controllers with the two AVM products: ISDN Access Server and NDI. Certain B channels can be reserved for the AVM Network Services products to guarantee smooth assignment of the ISDN lines when these products are used simultaneously.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 18 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Installation and First Steps 2 Installation and First Steps This chapter first explains how to prepare your local network for installation of the NT/MPRI. In the next sections the installation and operation of the NT/MPRI are described. After installation, first familiarize yourself with operation of the NT/MPRI and then establish a first ISDN connection to a reference router at the AVM Data Call Center (ADC) in Berlin.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 19 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Computer Software for the NT/MPRI Computer Software for the NT/MPRI l Windows XP/2000 Professional or Server with the corresponding current Service Pack, or Windows NT Server or Workstation with the corresponding current Service Pack. l Browser: Microsoft Internet Explorer (included in the NT/MPRI package) or Netscape Navigator.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 20 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Local Network TCP/IP Settings If you use TCP/IP in the local network, each workstation, including the computer on which the NT/MPRI is to be installed, requires an unambiguous IP address. It is important that the NT/MPRI computer receive a static IP address, even if the rest of the network receives addresses assigned by DHCP.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 21 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Local Network Below the computer with the example IP address 192.168.1.3 is prepared to utilize ISDN and then the NT/MPRI is added. If your LAN consists of just one local network, make sure that the IP address is registered on all workstations. It is not necessary to have a standard gateway registered before installation. IP Address: 192.168.1.1 Standard Gateway: - IP Address: 192.168.1.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 22 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Settings for the ISDN-Controllers and ADSL-Controllers IP Address: 192.168.1.1 Standard Gateway: 192.168.1.4 Workstation IP Address: 192.168.1.3 Standard Gateway: 192.168.1.4 Windows XP/2000/NT Router or Server IP Address: 192.168.1.4 IP Address: 192.168.2.1 Workstation IP Address: 192.168.1.2 Standard Gateway: 192.168.1.4 IP Address: 192.168.2.4 Standard Gateway: 192.168.2.1 Workstation Workstation IP Address: 192.168.2.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 23 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Settings for the ISDN-Controllers and ADSL-Controllers The driver software for the AVM ISDN-Controller(s) must be loaded automatically when Windows XP/2000/NT is started! For more information see the controller manual or the corresponding Readme.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 24 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Installing the NT/MPRI Windows NT 1. In “Start / Settings / Control Panel / Network”, go to the “Protocols” settings page and select the “TCP/IP Protocol” and click the “Properties” button. 2. On the “DNS” settings page, add the IP address of the DNS server of the new network adapter to the “DNS Service Search Order” list. Once these preparations are complete, the NT/MPRI may be installed. 2.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 25 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Modifications to Windows As a final installation step, a new program called “AVM NT-MPRI Manager” is added to the Windows XP/2000/NT Start menu. Use this icon to start the standard browser you configured as well as the NT/MPRI’s HTML interface. 7. Re-install the Microsoft Service Pack now. Answer the question about whether newer files should be overwritten with “No”.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 26 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 The NT/MPRI Manager Proceed as follows to check whether the NT/MPRI is started: 1. In the Windows XP Start menu, click “Settings / Administrative Tools”. In the Windows 2000 Start menu, click “Settings / Control Panel / Administrative Tools”. In the Windows NT Start menu, select “Settings / Control Panel”. 2. Double-click the “Services” icon. The list includes the service “AVM NT/MPRI”.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 27 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 The NT/MPRI Manager The NT/MPRI Manager can be opened directly on the NT/MPRI computer or from any computer in the network that is linked with the NT/MPRI via TCP/IP. To start the program on the NT/MPRI computer itself, select “Programs / AVM NT-MPRI Manager” from the Windows XP/2000/NT Start menu. The web browser configured as your standard browser is started and the selection page with the languages supported by the NT/MPRI Managers displayed.
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ntmpri-e.book Seite 29 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Joint Installation of AVM Network Services Joint Installation of AVM Network Services If multiple products from the AVM Network Services series are installed on your system, for instance, the NT/MPRI and the ISDN Access Server, the joint start page of both products can be used.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 30 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Uninstallation – Number: If you are calling from outside Germany, the number must be changed accordingly. – Charge profile for estimating charges: Set the charge profile to correspond to your line charges. The monthly budget for this connection is preset to 5 DM (2.5 EURO) to prevent high connection charges for this test connection. 4. Start the NT/MPRI by selecting “Restart Service”. 5.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 31 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Uninstallation Always restart a Windows XP/2000 computer between uninstallation and a new installation of the NT/MPRI to update the entries in the Windows XP/2000 registry! Windows NT 1. In “Start / Settings / Control Panel”, click the “Add/Remove Programs” icon. 2. In the lower window, select the entry “AVM NT/MPRI” and click the “Add/Remove...” button. 3. Confirm that you wish to delete the application. The NT/MPRI now will be removed. 4.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 31 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Configuration and Operation of the NT/MPRI: The Basics 3 Configuration and Operation of the NT/MPRI: The Basics Configuration of the NT/MPRI is performed in the following steps: 1. settings for the server 2. setting up call destinations 3. testing the connections to the call destinations 4. refining the settings This chapter describes the first three steps.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 32 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Settings for ADSL-Controllers Follow the instructions below for the configuration of your ISDN-Controller(s): l First establish whether the ISDN-Controller is to be used. Specify whether the ISDN-Controller is connected to a PBX. If so, enter the information required, such as the outside dialing access and the minimum length of external numbers.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 33 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Setting up Call Destinations: Basic Settings Settings for the ISDN-Controller 1 and the ADSL-Controller 17 3.2 Setting up Call Destinations: Basic Settings The term “call destinations” in the NT/MPRI refers to the routers in remote networks to be bound to the local network over ISDN.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 34 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Connecting Two Networks with IP simplify configuration considerably, for once a call destination has been configured and saved, the given parameters can be adapted for additional call destinations. There is also the option of creating a call destination without a pre-defined profile; in this case all available parameters for the connection are listed in the input fields. 3.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 35 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Example 1 A Small Network Link via ISDN Step 1: First, configure a new call destination designated “Amsterdam”. Since the two networks are to be lined over IP, select the pre-defined “IP” profile at “Configuration / Call Destinations / New Call Destination”. An input mask with the parameters generally required for IP dial-in connections opens. Make the following settings so that the connection can be established: 1.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 36 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Example 1 A Small Network Link via ISDN Input mask for an IP dial-in connection with example files 8. Select the menu command “Special Settings / Restart Service” and click the “Restart Service” button. 9. Select the menu command “Connection Management”. In the list “Management of All Connections”, the newly configured call destination appears with the designation “Amsterdam”. 10. Click the “IP Ping” button in the “Action” column.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 37 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Example 2 Large Network with Multiple Segments No additional settings are required in the NT/MPRI in Amsterdam. Step 4: Test now whether ping can be transmitted from a workstation in the Frankfurt network to a workstation in the Amsterdam network. If you receive a reply, the network link has been configured correctly. Example 2 Large Network with Multiple Segments Amsterdam Berlin IP Add.:192.168.1.3 Standard Gateway:192.168.1.4 IP Add.:192.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 38 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Example 2 Large Network with Multiple Segments Step 1: After installing the NT/MPRI, create a new call destination called “Amsterdam”. Under “Static Route”, enter the following values: network address “192.168.10.0”, mask “24”. This instructs the NT/MPRI to forward all packets with the IP addresses 192.168.10.x to the call destination “Amsterdam”. Step 2: If RIP is used no configuration is necessary in this step.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 39 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Links from Microsoft Networks 3.4 Links from Microsoft Networks As a router the NT/MPRI works independently of the network operating system present in its environment. Only a few NT/MPRI settings concern Microsoft networks directly. The Microsoft network uses the protocol NetBIOS over IP. This protocol constitutes the foundation for “shares”, or the use of remote drives or network services.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 40 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Connecting to the Internet 3.5 Connecting to the Internet The NT/MPRI creates a PPP connection to what is called a PoP (Point of Presence) of an Internet provider. The connection between the PoP and your local network is established either via an ISDN dial-in connection, which is established and cleared automatically depending on the amount of data transferred; via an ISDN leased line or an ADSL connection.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 41 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Access with a Dynamic IP Address Access via UUNet and ISDN IP Add.:192.168.1.2 Standard Gateway:192.168.1.3 Internet IP Add.:192.168.1.3 ISDN WS NT/MPRI IP Address:194.1.1.2 PoP UUNet WS IP Add.:192.168.1.1 Standard Gateway:192.168.1.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 42 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Access with a Static IP Address 7. Next, select the menu command “Special / Restart Service” and click the “Restart Services” button. Step 2: Select the menu command “Connection Management”. In the new call destination “Internet UUNet”, click the “IP” button in the “Action” column. The connection to the Internet provider is established. Use the browser to visit any Internet sites of interest. Click the “IP” button again to clear the connection.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 43 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Access with a Static IP Address IP Add.:194.75.39.3 Standard Gateway:194.75.39.1 Internet IP Add.:194.75.39.1 ISDN WS NT/MPRI PoP WS IP Add.:194.75.39.2 Standard Gateway:194.75.39.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 44 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Internet Access via ADSL Configure a new call destination as an Internet dial-in connection with the following information: Parameter Action Name: Enter “Internet” Number: Enter the [Telephone number of the PoP of your Internet provider] Authentication at Remote Site: Enter the [Name] Password: Enter the [Password] Inactivity Timeout: Choose “Charge Profile DT CityCall” Keep the standard settings for all other parameters.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 45 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Internet Access via ADSL Step 1: Open the pre-configured call destination “UUNet over ADSL”. A mask opens in which the pre-configured data can be changed. Check the information and add the following if necessary: Parameter Action Name: Enter “UUNet over ADSL” Number: Enter the [Telephone number the PoP of UUNet] Authentication at Remote Enter the [line ID][telephone no.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 46 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Settings for Routing Step 3: Set DNS name resolution on all workstations in the network by entering the DNS server of UUNet. Alternatively, enter the IP address of the proxy server of UUNet in the browser. Step 4: Send a ping from a workstation in the network to the domain name server of UUNet: ping -w 5000 If you receive a reply, the connection has been configured correctly. 3.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 47 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Configuring Call Destinations: Fine-Tuning the Settings In order to keep costs at a minimum for such connections, the NT/MPRI is configured by default to send RIP/SAP only when changes occur in the call settings (“Call Destination Configuration / RIP/SAP Updates: Only On Change”). Do not change this setting.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 48 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Reducing Connection Costs The “Disconnect Timeout” and “Inactivity Timeout” can be set for each call destination in the NT/MPRI. The “Inactivity Timeout” is the length of time after which an idle physical connection is cleared; the “Disconnect Timeout” is the length of time without transmission activity for which a logical connection is maintained. These settings are entered in the configuration of the call destination.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 49 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Reducing Connection Costs When spoofing is used in Novell NetWare environments, the NT/MPRI locally answers the packets sent to a remote client by the host part of a service or application, such as the IPX watchdog packets sent by the NetWare server or the SPX watchdog packets sent by the host part of an application.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 50 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Access Protection and Security Mechanisms cate charge information, you should select a charge profile for estimating charges. Then the charges incurred are estimated based on connection time. This estimate is compared with the configured limit. New charge profiles can be created and added using the “Special / Charge Profiles” command.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 51 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Access Protection and Security Mechanisms PAP or CHAP Authentication For each call destination you may require that the remote site authenticate itself to the local router (“Authentication at Local Site”). This authentication is performed in accordance with the PAP and CHAP protocols (RFCs 1334 and 1994, respectively). Both procedures require the configuration of a name and password.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 52 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Incoming Calls With IP masquerading, one “official” IP address is sufficient for all communication between a private LAN and the public Internet. The NT/MPRI processes the IP addresses in the TCP, UDP and ICMP packets such that only one IP address is visible to the Internet. Hosts in a private LAN thus can continue using their internal (“unofficial”) IP addresses for communication with the Internet.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 53 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Incoming Calls entering the number directly in the Call Destination settings (at the parameter “CLI Number for Assigning Incoming Calls”) or in the CLI Number Check configuration (“Configuration / Security / CLI Number Check / Authorized Numbers for Dial-In”). Call identification by CLI number is necessary whenever “Allocate Costs to Local Site” or “Security Call-Back” has been activated in any call destination configuration.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 53 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Special NT/MPRI Settings 4 Special NT/MPRI Settings This chapter contains information on NT/MPRI settings which are not necessary for smooth operation or which apply only to certain types of applications. First the variety of filters that can help you protect your network against unauthorized access is discussed. Later in this section you will find instructions for using the NT/MPRI with leased lines. 4.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 54 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Filters and Rules l Global Input Filter: checks packets arriving at the NT/MPRI from any direction (from the LAN or from ISDN). l Global Output Filter: checks packets about to be sent from the NT/MPRI in any direction (to the LAN or to ISDN). l Forwarding Filter: checks all packets being forwarded in the NT/MPRI from one network to another (e.g. from the LAN to a remote destination network or from one remote network to another).
ntmpri-e.book Seite 55 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Filters and Rules – Reject: the packet is not sent on. The error message “Destination not reachable” is sent back to the source address. Each packet is compared with the criteria of each rule in succession until the first rule is found which applies to it. If the applicable action is “Deny” or “Reject” the filtering process for this packet is concluded.
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ntmpri-e.book Seite 59 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Examples for IP Filter Profiles These profiles can be used without modification for a standard Internet connection. They will protect your network reliably from outside access, while allowing users in the local network to access Internet servers. The two profiles can be used in the scenarios described above, for example. In the filter profile “Internet incoming”, a number of rules have the statuts “disabled” while others are “enabled”.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 60 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Examples for IP Filter Profiles The rules in both profiles are portrayed and explained below. IP Filter (Firewall), Destination Filter Profile “Internet incoming” Profile enabled Name Action if no rule applies Yes Internet incoming Deny Rules Status Service/Source/ Destination Action/Log Explanation Disabled WWW Connection Setup Accept Enable this rule if you make your own web server available.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 61 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Examples for IP Filter Profiles Status 61 Service/Source/ Destination Action/Log Explanation Disabled Telnet Connection Setup Accept Enable this rule to allow access to your station via Telnet (for example, if UNIX computers are to be administered remotely). Disabled SSH Connection Setup Accept Enable this rule to allow access to your station via SSH (Secure SHell) (for example, if UNIX stations are to be administered remotely).
ntmpri-e.book Seite 62 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Examples for IP Filter Profiles Status Service/Source/ Destination Action/Log Explanation Enabled FTP Data Connection Setup Accept This ensures that your users can copy data from the Internet via ftp. Note: this rule can be disabled if all FTP clients in your network use the “ftpPASV” option. Enabled TCP Packets Accept This ensures that reply packets from connections you initiated arrive in your network.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 63 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 IPX RIP/SAP Filters IP Filter (Firewall), Destination Filter Profile “Internet outgoing” Profile enabled Name Action if no rule applies Yes Internet outgoing Accept Rules Status Service/Source/ Destination Action/Log Explanation Enabled RIP Packets Deny This ensures that no one from the outside knows your network. Enabled NetBIOS Packets Deny This filter exists in two forms (in the filter profile and as a “Special Filter”).
ntmpri-e.book Seite 64 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Leased Lines The SAP (Service Advertising Protocol) is used by servers to advertise their services and addresses in a network. Filtering SAP packets can restrict access to certain services such as printers or file servers. If some of the SAP packets arriving at the router from the LAN can be discarded (by the SAP input filter), then the information in the router’s SAP table can be reduced to the bare essentials.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 65 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Configuring a Static Leased Line Configuring a Static Leased Line The following settings are required for the example configurations described in this section: – Create a “New Leased Line” as a call destination – Configure the leased line D64S (1*64 K) for Controller 1 and reserve the first B channel for the newly created call destination. Controller Settings 1.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 66 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Configuring a Static Leased Line 2. 3. Activate “Leased line” at the upper right of the input mask to access the mask specific for leased lines. Make the settings listed in the table. Parameters which are not listed in the table keep their default values. If no default setting is entred, no entry is necessary.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 67 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Configuring a Static Leased Line Example for three LQRP packets 67 4. Configure and test the leased line at the remote site in exactly the same way, but with the ISDN cable disconnected. 5. Re-establish the physical connection by re-connecting the ISDN cable at the remote site. Now the PPP connection should work.
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ntmpri-e.book Seite 69 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Configuring a Dynamic Leased Line Configuring a Dynamic Leased Line The following settings are required for the example configurations described in this section: – Create a “Dial-up Connection” with an additional static B channel and two additional dynamic B channels – Configure the leased line D64S2 for one controller and reserve both B channels for the newly created call destination.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 70 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Reserving B Channels Controller Settings 1. Make sure that the DSS1 driver for the ISDN-Controller to be used by the leased line is installed. 2. Use the “Configuration / Server Settings / ISDN- and ADSL-Controllers” menu command in the NT/MPRI Manager to select the ISDN-Controller intended for the leased line. 3. Activate the “Leased line” option and select from the list the line type “Digital 64S2 (2*64K)”. 4.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 71 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Cost Assignment (COSO) For this situation the NT/MPRI also offers the following features to ensure that “important” connections are not obstructed, even when few B channels are available: l B channels can be reserved for certain call destinations, such as a certain company office, in the ISDN-Controller settings (“Configuration / Server Settings / ISDN-Controller”). These B channels are then removed from the pool of shared channels.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 72 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Access Time Restrictions Remote Site (NT/MPRI) Local Site NT/MPRI) ISDN Data packet for the remote network D channel Connection request Caller (call destination) identified by CLI D and B channels Incoming call accepted after poss.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 73 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 IP Masquerading at the Network Adapter Data are encrypted on the level of the transport protocol (PPP). Encryption on this level is based on the RFC standard, making it interoperable for all transmissions using PPP over ISDN. The advantage of this method is that data compression also takes place on this level, so that data can be compressed first and then encrypted. Data are encrypted with the Twofish algorithm.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 75 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Connection Management and Monitoring 5 Connection Management and Monitoring For administrators it is especially important to be able to supervise the NT/MPRI in operation. A great number of functions are available for this purpose. Moreover, the NT/MPRI’s HTTP management interface allows these functions to be accessed from any PC in the network. 5.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 76 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Management and Monitoring Functions Icon Status A logical and physical ISDN connection exists to this call destination. This means that the ISDN B channel or the ADSL channel is in use and connection charges are accumulating. The direction of the arrow indicates the direction of the call (the icons shown here indicate outgoing connections). No more outgoing calls are possible (incl.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 77 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Server Status Server Status This function permits a fast overview of the NT/MPRI’s status with regard to the ISDN-Controllers and ADSL-Controllers used, the connection charges and the cost control functions. This area also displays any configuration changes that have not yet been implemented by restarting the NT/MPRI.
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ntmpri-e.book Seite 79 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Events l Budget Overview (current values of the Call Destination Budget): A direct comparison between the budget defined in the call destination settings and the costs incurred so far is presented here. Use this feature to check that no unexpectedly high connection costs have accumulated and to determine whether the budget for a connection should be increased or reduced.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 80 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Packet Trace Events can be displayed either as a daily report or as a selection of events. l Daily Report of Events: The daily report of events provides a precise overview of all ISDN messages and any error messages. This protocol is arranged chronologically with the most recent messages first. l Selection of Events: In this input mask can be defined precisely which ISDN events the NT/MPRI displays.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 81 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 NT/MPRI Database Management 4. Select a destination in the “Connection Management” menu and establish a connection. 5. Wait until an error occurs and then stop the packet trace by clicking the “STOP” button in the “Monitoring / Packet Trace” menu. 6. Save the trace. Packet Trace for Polling Problems 1. Select the “Monitor / Packet Trace” menu. 2.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 82 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Tips and Troubleshooting 6 Tips and Troubleshooting This chapter presents suggestions for resolving problems which arise during operation. A list of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and their answers are included as a HTML document in the DOCS\FAQ folder on the NT/MPRI CD. 6.1 General Problems The web browser no longer displays frames on a page. Close the Microsoft Internet Explorer by exiting the NT/MPRI Manager and then restart it.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 83 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Problems Connecting l In addition to destination-specific budgets, the configuration of global thresholds also can be checked here. Check the “Monitoring / Server Status” window. The thresholds are listed. If the global threshold for the budget, connection duration or the number of outgoing calls has been reached, the corresponding value can be adjusted with the following command: “Configuration / Server Settings / Thresholds”.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 84 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Problems with TCP/IP required. In order to eliminate conflicts and potential error sources, it is advisable to remove all network protocols from the second network adapter. 6.3 Problems with TCP/IP Configuration instructions for connecting two Windows NT networks using TCP/IP over ISDN, and for connections to the Internet, can be found in the section “Configuration and Operation of the NT/MPRI: The Basics” from page 31.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 85 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Problems with TCP/IP – for Windows XP: – for Windows 2000: – for Windows NT: “Network / Protocols / TCP/IP Protocol” To implement these settings in the configuration of the NT/MPRI, select the command: – for Windows XP: – for Windows 2000: – for Windows NT: “Network / Protocols / ISDN Services Wrapper / Properties” Confirm the message window displayed by clicking “OK”. Then restart the computer. No NetBIOS over IP connection to a remote system.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 86 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Problems with IPX the LMHOSTS file. “Release name” stands for the name for the release of any drive on the remote Windows computer. Note that by default, no drives in Windows XP/2000/NT are released for general access. For information about releasing drives, see the manual of your computer. Network drive connection fails for a NetBIOS over IP connection.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 87 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 IPX in the LAN IPX in the LAN No connections are possible in the LAN. This problem can arise if there is no Novell server installed in the LAN, and the frame type is selected automatically on all devices used in the LAN. Normally the Novell server determines the frame type, and all the other devices in the LAN conform to its setting. If this is the case, the frame type for the computer on which the NT/MPRI is installed must be selected manually.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 88 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Messages 7 Messages This chapter lists and explains the error messages which arrive from the ISDN network and the messages displayed by the NT/MPRI. All messages are recorded in the ISDN event log in the following format:
ntmpri-e.book Seite 89 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 CAPI 2.0 and Euro-ISDN Messages Number Messages/Explanations 0x1002 Logical block size too small, must be at least 128 bytes[#1002] This message indicates internal application errors. 0x1003 Buffer exceeds limit of 64 kBytes[#1003] This message indicates internal application errors. 0x1004 Message buffer too small, at least 1024 bytes required[#1004] This message indicates internal application errors. 0x1005 Max.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 90 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 CAPI 2.0 and Euro-ISDN Messages Number Messages/Explanations 0x1102 Illegal command or subcommand, or message length less than 12 bytes[#1102] This message indicates either internal application errors or applications that do not conform to CAPI.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 91 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 CAPI 2.0 and Euro-ISDN Messages Number Messages/Explanations 0x2002 Illegal controller / PLCI / NCCI[#2002] This message indicates internal applications errors. 0x2003 Out of PLCI[#2003] This message indicates that the controller is not adequately configured. Please check the controller configuration. 0x2004 Out of NCCI[#2004] This message indicates that the controller is not adequately configured.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 92 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 CAPI 2.0 and Euro-ISDN Messages Number Messages/Explanations 0x3006 B3 protocol parameter not supported[#3006] This message indicates that the driver does not provide the protocol options required by the application. 0x3007 B protocol combination not supported[#3007] This message indicates internal application errors. Protocol conflicts have occurred, The B protocols used are not compatible and may not be used together.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 93 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 CAPI 2.0 and Euro-ISDN Messages Number Messages/Explanations 0x3302 Protocol error, layer 2[#3302] No connection could be established between the terminal equipment and the network terminator or local switch. The call set-up failed at layer 2 of the ISDN protocol: no messages could be exchanged between the terminal equipment and the local switch.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 94 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 CAPI 2.0 and Euro-ISDN Messages Number Messages/Explanations 0x3318 Disconnected during transfer (local abort)[#3318] Due to internal problems the remote station called is not ready to receive. 0x3319 Illegal parameter coding (e.g. SFF coding error)[#3319] This message indicates internal application errors. 0x3400 No ISDN connection. Reason unknown[#3400] The connection was terminated for unknown reasons.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 95 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 CAPI 2.0 and Euro-ISDN Messages Number Messages/Explanations 0x3487 Call awarded and being delivered in an established channel[#3487] The user has been awarded the incoming call, which is being connected to a channel already established to that user for similar calls. 0x3491 User busy[#3491] This message appears when the user called has indicated the inability to accept another call. The user’s equipment is compatible with call, however.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 96 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 CAPI 2.0 and Euro-ISDN Messages Number Messages/Explanations 0x349D Facility rejected[#349D] This message is returned when a requested service cannot be provided by the network. 0x349E Response to status inquiry[#349E] This message is included in the status report when the status report was generated in response to a status inquiry.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 97 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 CAPI 2.0 and Euro-ISDN Messages Number Messages/Explanations 0x34B2 Requested facility not subscribed[#34B2] This message indicates that the requested supplementary service could not be provided by the network because the user has not made the necessary administrative arrangements.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 98 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 CAPI 2.0 and Euro-ISDN Messages Number Messages/Explanations 0x34D2 Identified channel does not exist[#34D2] The equipment returning this message has received a request to use a channel not activated to accept calls on the interface. This message is generated if, for example a primary interface user has subscribed to channels 1 through 12 and the user’s equipment or the network attempts to use channels 13 through 23.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 99 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 CAPI 2.0 and Euro-ISDN Messages Number Messages/Explanations 0x34E0 Mandatory information element is missing[#34E0] The equipment returning this message has received a message from which information required for processing was missing. 0x34E1 Message type nonexistent or not implemented[#34E1] The equipment returning this message received a message which is defined, but not implemented by the equipment.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 100 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 NT/MPRI Messages 7.2 NT/MPRI Messages The following symbols are used in the message descriptions below: ISDN number or CLI CLI number ISDN number called, for incoming calls name of the call destination network protocol used (IP or IPX) brief packet description
ntmpri-e.book Seite 101 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 NT/MPRI Messages Clearing down B-channel connection to (). The physical connection to the specified call destination is being cleared down. Clearing down B-channel connection to (). Call destination budget or global thresholds reached.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 102 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 NT/MPRI Messages Clearing down connection because the DSL modem reports a general error. The ADSL modem returns error messages. The reason may be a defective ADSL connection or ADSL modem. If this message occurs repeatedly, contact the ADSL provider. Clearing down connection because the DSL modem reports a general error. The DSL modem returns: %s The ADSL modem returns error messages. The reason may be a defective ADSL connection or ADSL modem.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 103 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 NT/MPRI Messages Clearing down connection because the DSL modem reports an unspecified error. The ADSL modem returns error messages. The reason may be a defective ADSL connection or ADSL modem. If this message occurs repeatedly, contact the ADSL provider. Clearing down connection because encryption negotiation failed.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 104 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 NT/MPRI Messages Incoming call from () rejected. Several calls for this destination are already being processed. This message reports that the maximum number of calls which can be processed simultaneously for one call destination has been reached. The incoming call is rejected. Incoming call from () rejected. The maximum number of bundled channels to this call destination is already set up.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 105 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 NT/MPRI Messages Incoming call to rejected. This CLI is not allowed to dial in. The security settings specify that all incoming calls should be subjected to a CLI number check. The CLI number received was not found in the local CLI number database; therefore the call was rejected. Incoming logical connection to () lost (local). The local site lost the incoming logical connection to the remote site.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 106 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 NT/MPRI Messages Packet denied due to rule from . An IP firewall message indicating that the packet described was discarded. The filter profile is indicated along with the position of the applicable rule within the filter. Packet rejected due to rule from . An IP firewall message indicating that the packet described was refused.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 107 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 NT/MPRI Messages Setting up B-channel connection to (). A physical connection to the specified call destination is being established. Setting up incoming connection. This message reports that an incoming connection is being established with the specified network protocol. Setting up connection. A logical network connection to the call destination named is being established.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 108 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Information, Updates and AVM Support 8 Information, Updates and AVM Support In order to install and configure the NT/MPRI, sound knowledge of LANs and WANs as well as Windows XP/2000/NT is required. Ideally, you should also be familiar with the concept of routing and the implemented network protocols. AVM provides a number of information resources to assist you in working with the AVM MultiProtocol Router for ISDN/DSL.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 109 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Additional Literature l The Readme file for the NT/MPRI contains important information and installation instructions which were not yet available when the manual was printed. This file can, and should, be viewed in the introduction before proceeding with installation (INTRO.HLP). l For comprehensive information about Windows XP/2000/NT, see the Windows XP/2000/NT manual.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 110 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 The AVM Data Call Center Over the AVM Intranet PPP Server The ISDN number is: +49 (0)30 / 39 98 43 20 This call destination is preconfigured in the NT/MPRI (“ADC-IP”) and can be dialed using the “Connection Management” menu. Over the MPR for ISDN Server The telephone number is: +49 (0) 30 / 39 98 43 50 This call destination is preconfigured in the NT/MPRI (“ADC-IPX”) and can be dialed using the “Connection Management” menu.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 111 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Assistance from AVM Support 8.2 Assistance from AVM Support Please use the information sources listed above before contacting the Support desk! If you were not able to solve your problem with the tips offered above or using the various information sources listed, contact AVM Support for additional technical assistance. The Support desk can be reached by e-mail or by telefax.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 112 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Support by E-mail Support by E-mail Support requests can be sent to AVM by e-mail. Please use our e-mail form at the AVM Internet site. 1. Enter the address of the AVM site: http://www.avm.de/en 2. Click “Service”. 3. Select “Support” and click “Other AVM Products Mail Form”, as the NT/MPRI does not have its own English-language support request form. 4.
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ntmpri-e.book Seite 113 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Glossary 1TR6 1TR6 is the older German national D-channel protocol. No new ISDN line has been installed with this protocol in Germany since December 1993. Only the European D-channel protocol DSS1 is used for new lines. ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) ADSL is a technology which makes high-bandwidth Internet access possible over a normal (analog) telephone line.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 114 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 procedures are supported. In the NT/MPRI you may specify the procedure by which each remote site must identify itself (“Authentication at the Local Site”). A name and a password must be configured for each procedure, and these must be communicated to the call destination/user.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 115 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Charge Profile A charge profile contains information on the frequency of charge information as a function of rate periods and calling zones, such as “Local” and “Long distance”. Each profile consists of two lists with the charge rates as they vary over a period of 24 hours: one list is for working days (Monday-Friday), the other for weekends and public holidays (optional).
ntmpri-e.book Seite 116 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 D Channel The D channel transmits management information, such as the type of ISDN service in use or the ISDN number of the communications partner. The bandwidth is 16 kbit/s for the basic rate interface (BRI) and 64 kbit/s for the primary rate interface (PRI). In ISDN, charge information (AOCD, AOCE) and the caller’s number can be transmitted over the D channel. In Germany, these features must be specifically requested.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 117 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) FTP is a manufacturer-independent file transfer protocol, not specific to any computer type or operating system. FTP builds directly on TCP, at Layer 4 (Transport Layer) of the OSI reference model. The protocol is described in RFC 959. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) ICMP is located at Layer 3 (Network Layer) of the OSI reference model.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 118 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 IP Addresses, see “TCP/IP Addresses” on page 123 IP Mask, see “TCP/IP Addresses” on page 123 IP-Masquerading / Network Address Translation (NAT) One network, one IP address: With IP Masquerading, one “official” IP address is sufficient for the communication between the private LAN and the public Internet.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 119 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 ters such as spoofing mechanisms or channel bundling. Depending on the configuration, the logical ISDN connection will either be cleared down along with the physical one, or continue to exist if so agreed with the remote site. Metric Metrics are abstract numbers used to evaluate routes.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 120 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 (“Configuration / Server Settings / ISDN-Controllers”). The Outside Line Access is then automatically prefixed to outside numbers on dialing. PAP (Passwort Authentication Protocol) One of two protocols for PPP authentication. A name and a password for the remote site must be configured at the site requesting authentication. The remote site must also have this name and password entered in its settings.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 121 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Proxy ARP Proxy ARP is not actually a protocol, but an NT/MPRI extension to answer ARP queries using the current routing table, instead of forwarding the queries to remote stations over ISDN. This allows remote users or small networks to use the same IP address range that is valid on the NT/MPRI’s LAN segment, thus simplifying configuration.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 122 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) SMTP is a standard protocol for exchanging electronic mail (E-mail) between different computers. SMTP uses TCP port 25. It has a simple structure and only supports the sending of e-mail over a data network. The protocol is described in RFC 821. SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol In the early 1980s the ISO produced a management model which was documented in the OSI Management Framework (DIS 7498-4).
ntmpri-e.book Seite 123 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange) A protocol that enables two workstations or applications to communicate over a network. Like TCP, SPX is located at Layer 4 (Transport Layer) of the OSI reference model and ensures secure end-to-end communication. SPX uses NetWare IPX for data transmission. SPX ensures that the sequence of messages in the packet stream remains the same.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 124 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 X ._ ._ ._ N e tw o rk a d d re s s H o s t a d d re s s Class A Address Example: 88.120.5.120 (88 defines the network address; 120.5.120 the host address). l Class B addresses consist of a two-byte network address and a two-byte host address: X .X ._ ._ N e tw o rk a d d re s s H o s t a d d re s s Class B address Example: 130.6.2.130 (130.6 is the network address; 2.130 is the host address).
ntmpri-e.book Seite 125 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Subnet Masks (Masks) By using subnet masks, the “host part” of an IP address class can be changed into a subnetwork part. This part then remains unchanged by other computers or routers. The subnet mask indicates which ranges are to be interpreted as subnet addresses and which as computer addresses. The subnet mask is often shown in dotted-decimal notation, but can also be expressed simply as the number of bits to be treated as a network address.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 126 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Range Number of IP Addresses Network Bits (of 32) Subnet Mask 000-255 256 /24 255.255.255.0 000-127 128-255 128 /25 255.255.255.128 000-063 064-127 128-191 192-255 64 /26 255.255.255.192 000-031 032-063 064-095 096-127 128-159 160-191 192-223 224-255 32 /27 255.255.255.224 000-015 016-031 032-047 048-063 064-079 080-095 096-111 112-127 128-143 144-159 160-175 176-191 192-207 208-223 224-239 240-255 16 /28 255.255.255.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 127 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Range Number of IP Addresses Network Bits (of 32) Subnet Mask 000-007 008-015 016-023 024-031 032-039 040-047 048-055 056-063 064-071 072-079 080-087 088-095 096-103 104-111 112-119 120-127 128-135 136-143 144-151 152-159 160-167 168-175 176-183 184-191 192-199 200-207 208-215 216-223 224-231 232-239 240-247 248-255 8 /29 255.255.255.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 128 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 are delivered directly to the recipient, duplicates are recognized, or that data packets are transmitted in the correct order. UDP is defined in RFC 768.
ntmpri-e.book Seite 129 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 Index A access 26 active IP routes 77 active IPX routes 77 active physical connections 77 ADC.
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ntmpri-e.book Seite 131 Donnerstag, 28. Februar 2002 11:26 11 M glossary entry mail server 44 management and monitoring 76 masquerading 40 minimum length of external numbers 32 monitoring 76 active physical connections 77 cost/connection analysis 78 events 79 packet trace 81 routes and services 77 server status 77 MSN. See multiple subscriber number multiple subscriber number 17, 32 N name server 44 NAT.
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