Specifications

132 AVM Access Server – Glossary
PAP (Password Authentication Protocol)
One of the two authentication protocols in the PPP suite. A name and
password for the remote system must be configured on the system that
requests authentication. The remote system must be configured to
present the same name and password. In PAP authentication, the
name and password are sent unencrypted, and the authenticating sys-
tem simply compares them with its settings. If they match, the remote
system is authentic and the connection can be set up. Because PAP
transmits the password in the clear, PAP should only be used on media
that are safe from eavesdropping, and only if the more secure CHAP is
not supported by the remote site.
Physical ISDN connection
The physical ISDN connection refers to an active B-channel connection
(or several bundled B channels). When the physical connection exists,
ISDN connection charges are incurred. The physical ISDN connection is
always based on a logical ISDN connection: the connection is con-
trolled by the negotiated connection parameters.
Ping (Packet InterNet Grouper)
A program that tests whether an IP host is reachable. The program
sends an ICMP echo request packet to an IP host and waits for a reply.
The command line option “-w” causes the Windows implementation of
“ping” to wait a specified number of milliseconds for a reply. To allow a
few seconds for ISDN dial-up and PPP negotiation, you should use the
command “ping -w 5000” to specify a timeout of five seconds when
testing an ISDN connection.
Port
TCP and UDP packet headers provide port numbers for source and des-
tination, in addition to the IP addresses. Because computers run many
networking applications with many simultaneous connections, the IP
address is not sufficient to address data to a specific application and a
specific communication process. For outgoing requests and replies,
the operating system assigns an application a unique TCP or UDP port
number, choosing one sequentially or randomly. In the AVM Access
Server’s IP masquerading module, source port numbers are mapped to
connections.