2011

Advanced Lighting
You can use Presenter to apply advanced lighting effects.
Soft Shadows
Presenter includes shadows generated from pre-calculated, shadow maps for each shadow-casting light source.
The use of shadow maps enables rapid rendering of shadows with soft or graduated edges. The shadow resolution
can be controlled to balance performance and image quality.
Soft shadows are only suitable for use with small models, and are disabled by default. For large models, the
generation of the shadow maps can use excessive amounts of time and memory. Soft shadows generated for
large models are often too vague and dispersed without using an excessively high resolution, which uses even
more memory and time.
Physically Accurate Lights
By default, Presenter uses lights with unitless, or empirical intensities. These are physically meaningless, and are
just chosen to give a visually pleasing result. Presenter can also use physically accurate intensities. These are
defined in real-world units such as Candela, Lumen, or Lux. However, once you start using lights with real-world
intensities, you start to produce images with a real-world variation in luminance values.
By default, Presenter uses lights whose intensity remains constant as you move further from the light. In the
real-world intensity is reduced proportional to the inverse square of the distance from the light. Changing a
light’s Fall Off parameter to Inverse Square Law will more accurately model a light’s fall off in intensity. However,
once you start using lights with real-world fall off, you start to produce images with a real-world variation in
luminance values.
In the real world, the human eye is capable of resolving images in extremely varied lighting conditions, ranging
from bright sunshine reflecting off snow to a room lit only by a single candle. In computer graphics, however,
you need to produce an image on a display device which has a very limited range of luminance values. Therefore,
it is necessary to compress the range of luminance values found in a real-world scene into the displayable range
in such a way as to produce a realistic looking image.
Photography, of course, has exactly the same problem. If a photographer (or camera) does not take into account
the light levels in a scene before calculating the exposure of the shot, the likely result will be an image which is
either over-exposed (everything is too bright) or under-exposed (everything is too dark). A professional
photographer will also use different speeds of film for different lighting conditions. The aim is to produce an
image on film that is representative of how that scene would have looked to a human observer.
Presenter includes the Auto Exposure option (see “
Auto Exposure” on page 376). When enabled, Presenter will
render the image twice. Once to sample the range of luminance values in the output image, then a second time
to render the actual image with the luminance values adjusted to match the behavior of the human eye.
In general, when using physically accurate lights, the Auto Exposure option should be on.
Volumetric Lights
Volumetric lighting allows effects such as the scattering of light, by fog or smoke, in a scene. To use this effect,
select the Scattering check box on each light. A Scattering Medium foreground effect must also be in use (see
“
Foreground Effects” on page 374 for more information).
NOTE You may need to adjust the Medium Density and Medium Ambient parameters of the Scattering Medium
foreground effect to suit your model. If no volumetric effects are visible, the Medium Density is too low. If the rendered
image is entirely white, the Medium Density is too high.
The default medium is plain white. Optionally, a density shader may be set to any solid (not wrapped) color
shader, to create the effect of a non-uniform (inhomogeneous) medium. Examples of shaders that can be used
are Blue Marble and Solid Clouds. A shader that has been designed explicitly for this purpose is the Turbulent
shader.
366 | Chapter 14 Create Photorealistic Visualizations