2.0
Table Of Contents
- Contents
- Chapter 1 Using the Grading Commands
- Developing Finished Ground Surface Models
- Creating Finished Grade Labels
- Modifying Point Elevations
- Working with a Stratum
- Defining a Stratum
- Selecting a Stratum
- Deleting a Stratum
- Updating the Elevations of Selected Points Based on a Stratum
- Updating the Elevations of a Range of Points Based on a Stratum
- Reporting the Elevations of Selected Points Based on a Stratum
- Reporting the Elevations of a Range of Points Based on a Stratum
- Reporting the NEZ Point Data Based on a Stratum
- Obtaining the Elevations from a Stratum Based on the Specified X, Y Coordinates
- Slope Grading
- Creating and Stationing the Grading Footprint
- Creating Grading Objects
- Grading Settings
- Configuring the Grading Footprint Settings
- Configuring the Grading Targets Settings
- Editing Individual Grading Targets
- Configuring the Grading Slopes Settings
- Configuring the Grading Corners Settings
- Editing Individual Corner Treatments
- Configuring the Grading Accuracy Settings
- Configuring the Grading Appearance Settings
- Calculating General Statistics About a Grading Object
- Editing Grading Objects
- Object Locking
- AutoCAD Editing Commands and the Grading Object
- Using Grips to Edit Grading Objects
- Editing a Grading Object Using the Shortcut Menu
- Add a Vertex Using the Shortcut Menu
- Add a Slope Tag Using the Shortcut Menu
- Add a Target Region Using the Shortcut Menu
- Edit a Vertex Using the Shortcut Menu
- Edit a Slope Tag Using the Shortcut Menu
- Edit a Target Region Using the Shortcut Menu
- Delete a Vertex Using the Shortcut Menu
- Delete a Target Region Using the Shortcut Menu
- Delete a Slope Tag Using the Shortcut Menu
- Use the LIST Command
- Functionality of Grading Objects in AutoCAD
- Creating a Surface from a Grading Object
- Creating Contours from a Grading Object
- Creating Breaklines from a Grading Object
- Calculating Volume Data for a Grading Object
- Grading Object Usage Tips
- Daylighting
- Inserting Daylight Points in the Drawing
- Listing the Grading Factors of a Selected Point
- Creating a Random Daylight Point
- Chapter 2 Working with Ponds
- Overview of Working with Ponds
- Changing the Pond Settings
- Creating Pond Perimeters
- Defining Ponds
- Defining Pond Slopes
- Applying a Linear Slope to a Pond
- Defining the Pond Bottom by Using the Daylight Option
- Applying a Slope to a Pond By Specifying the Required Pond Volume
- Applying Multiple Linear Slopes to a Pond
- Resetting the Pond Pattern Settings
- Drawing a Pond Slope Template
- Defining a Pond Slope Template
- Selecting the Current Pond Slope Template
- Applying a Slope Template to a Pond
- Applying Multiple Templates to a Pond
- Applying Multiple Templates to a Pond - Multiple Option
- Applying Multiple Templates to a Pond - Reset Option
- Shaping Ponds
- Listing and Labeling Ponds
- Outputting Pond Data
- Routing Ponds
- Calculating Routing Values for Detention Basins
- Storage Indication Method Formula
- Creating an .ssc File to Use in Calculations
- Creating an .hdc File to Use in Calculations
- Creating an .sdc File to Use in Calculations
- Calculating the Routing Values for a Reservoir or Storage Facility
- Specifying Curves to Use in Calculations
- Displaying the Calculated Storage Volume Versus the Stage
- Displaying the Flow Rate Versus Time Data
- Displaying Multiple Hydrographs
- Adding and Editing Outlet Structures for Ponds
- Adding and Editing Outlet Structures to a Pond-By Pond
- Adding and Editing Outlet Structures to a Pond Using a Stage-Storage Curve
- Changing the Data Created By the Pond Outflow Editor
- Chapter 3 Working with Profiles and Vertical Alignments
- Overview of Working with Profiles and Vertical Alignements
- Where the Alignment and Profile Data Are Stored
- Changing the Profile Settings
- Sampling Existing Ground Profile Data from Multiple Surfaces
- Editing the Vertical Alignments with the Vertical Alignment Editor
- Characteristics of the Vertical Alignment Editor Dialog Box
- Creating Vertical Alignment Data with the Vertical Alignment Editor
- Editing a Vertical Curve with the Vertical Alignment Editor
- Copying the Vertical Alignment Surfaces with the Vertical Alignment Editor
- Changing the Surface Elevations with the Vertical Alignment Editor
- Creating Vertical Alignment Reports
- Creating and Editing Profiles
- Creating Profiles
- Creating a Complete Profile
- Adding a Subsurface to a Profile
- Creating a Quick Profile
- Drawing a Grid on a Profile
- Listing the Elevations for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Recreating a Profile Information Block After Moving or Exporting the Profile
- Changing the Profile Labeling Properties After Creating a Profile
- Removing the Profile Definition Block From a Drawing After Deleting a Profile
- Making a Profile Current
- Creating the Finished Ground Vertical Alignments
- Working with the Vertical Alignment Tangents for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Setting the Current Layer for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Rotating the AutoCAD Crosshairs to Match the Grade of the Finished Ground Centerline
- Drawing the Vertical Alignment Tangents for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Changing the Grade Going into the PVI for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Changing the Grade Coming Out of the PVI for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Moving the Point of Vertical Intersection for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Working with the Vertical Curves for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Drawing Vertical Curves for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on Curve Length
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on a Minimum K Value
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on a Passing Sight Distance
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on a Stopping Sight Distance
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on an Elevation Point
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Through a Point
- Drawing a Sag Vertical Curve Based on Headlight Data
- Drawing a Sag Vertical Curve Based on a Given Velocity
- Defining a Grade Break Without a Vertical Curve
- Defining the Finished Ground Centerline as a Vertical Alignment
- Editing the Finished Ground Centerline Alignment
- Importing the Finished Ground Centerline Alignment
- Creating COGO Points on the Plan View of the Centerline Alignment
- Listing the Elevation of a Selected Point or Station on a Vertical Alignment
- Sampling the Existing Ground to Create the Profile Data
- Creating Ditches and Transitions
- Working with Vertical Alignment Tangents for the Ditches and Transitions
- Setting the Current Layer for the Ditches and Transitions
- Rotating the AutoCAD Crosshairs to Match the Grade of the Ditches and Transitions
- Drawing the Vertical Alignment Tangents for the Ditches and Transitions
- Changing the Grade Going into the PVI for the Ditches and Transitions
- Changing the Grade Coming Out of the PVI for the Ditches and Transitions
- Moving the Point of Vertical Intersection for the Ditches and Transitions
- Drawing Vertical Curves for Ditches and Transitions
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on the Curve Length
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on a Minimum K Value
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on a Passing Sight Distance
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on a Stopping Sight Distance
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on an Elevation Point
- Drawing a Vertical Curve through a Point
- Drawing a Sag Vertical Curves Based on the Headlight Data
- Drawing a Sag Vertical Curve Based on a Given Velocity
- Defining a Grade Break Without a Vertical Curve
- Listing the Vertical Curve Data
- Labeling the Vertical Curves
- Defining Ditches or Transitions as Vertical Alignments
- Defining a Ditch or Transition by Offsetting an Existing Vertical Alignment
- Creating a Vertical Alignment at a Uniform Offset from the Reference Alignment
- Creating a Vertical Alignment at an Offset Based on a Horizontal Alignment
- Editing a Ditch or Transition Vertical Alignment
- Importing the Ditch or Transition Vertical Alignments
- Listing the Elevation of a Selected Point or Station for the Ditch and Transition Alignments
- Listing and Labeling the Vertical Alignments
- Changing the Text Style for the Vertical Alignment Labels
- Labeling the Finished Ground Tangents
- Labeling the Elevation and Station of a Point On a Profile
- Listing the Finished Ground Tangent Data
- Listing the Elevation and Station of Any Point In a Profile
- Listing the Difference in Elevation of Two Points in the Profile
- Listing the Elevations of Points in the Profile in Relation to the Finished Ground Centerline
- Creating ASCII Output Files of Profile Information
- Chapter 4 Working with Cross Sections
- Creating Cross Sections
- Creating Existing Ground Cross Sections
- Setting the Current Surface (Cross Sections)
- Sampling Existing Ground Section Data With and Without Multiple Surfaces
- Creating a File of Multiple Surfaces for Sampling the Existing Ground Section Data
- Sampling the Existing Ground Section Data from One Surface
- Sampling the Existing Ground Section Data from Multiple Surfaces
- Changing the Cross Section Sampling Settings
- Creating the Existing Ground Cross Section Data from a Text File
- Creating the Existing Ground Cross Section Data from a Text File - ASCII FIle Format
- Editing the Existing Ground Cross Section Data
- Using Borehole Data to Interpolate the Surfaces for Cross Sections
- Drawing Templates
- Drawing Normal and Subgrade - Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Template Surfaces
- Drawing a Template Surface - General Procedure
- Drawing Normal Surfaces for Symmetrical Templates
- Drawing Subgrade Surfaces for Symmetrical Templates
- Drawing Normal Surfaces for Asymmetrical Templates
- Drawing Subgrade Surfaces for Asymmetrical Templates
- How Subgrade Surfaces Are Controlled
- Creating and Editing Templates and Subassemblies
- Using Point Codes and Material Tables
- Working with Subassemblies
- Defining Subassemblies
- Editing Subassemblies
- Choosing Which Subassembly Vertex to Edit
- Saving the Changes that you Make to the Subassemblies
- Deleting the Current Subassembly Vertex
- Inserting a Subassembly Vertex
- Moving a Subassembly Vertex to a New Location
- Redrawing the Subassembly Display
- Defining the Subassembly Datum Line
- Defining the Subassembly Connection Points
- Defining the Subassembly Top Surface
- Highlighting the Subassembly Features for Better Viewing
- Importing the Subassemblies into a Drawing
- Defining Templates
- Editing Templates
- Choosing Which Template Vertex to Edit
- Inserting a Vertex into a Template
- Moving a Template Vertex to a New Location
- Deleting the Current Template Vertex
- Drawing a New Template Surface
- Moving a Template Surface
- Adding a Template Surface to the Template
- Deleting a Template Surface
- Editing the Template Subgrade Depth and Match Grade
- Changing the Material Description of a Template Surface
- Adding Template Point Codes to a Template
- Deleting Template Point Codes from a Template
- Displaying the Template Shoulder Subassembly
- Defining or Editing the Template Datum Line
- Defining the Template Superelevation Regions
- Defining the Template Connection Points
- Defining the Template Top Surface Points
- Highlighting Template Features for Better Viewing
- Redrawing the Template Display
- Importing a Template into a Drawing
- Creating Finished Ground Cross Sections
- Designing Roadway Slopes with Templates and Cross Sections
- Creating Roadway Transitions with Templates and Cross Sections
- Defining the Transition Regions on a Template
- Attaching the Horizontal Alignment Transitions to Cross Sections
- Attaching the Vertical Transitions to Cross Sections
- Modifying Design Control
- Specifying the Design Control Values for Templates
- Editing the Transitions
- Editing the Template Superelevation Parameters
- Specifying the Design Control Values for Ditches
- Specifying the Design Control Values for Sideslopes
- Specifying the Design Control Values for Benches
- Benching Notes
- Using Ditch or Transition Profiles When Processing the Cross Sections
- Creating the Roadway Superelevation withTemplates and Cross Sections
- Defining the Superelevation Regions on a Template
- Changing the Superelevation Control Values
- Changing the Superelevation Settings
- Superelevation Methods
- Editing the Superelevation for One Section at a Time
- Editing, Inserting, or Deleting a Superelevated Curve
- Importing a Superelevated Horizontal Alignment After Editing It
- Importing Superelevation into a Profile
- Displaying the Superelevation Methods
- Outputting the Superelevation Data
- Processing the Cross Sections for a Range of Stations
- Resetting the Cross Section Processing Settings Back to the Default Project Settings
- Superelevating Compound and Reverse Curves
- Superelevating Compound Curves
- Example of Superelevating Compound Curves Separated by Tangents or Spirals
- Example of Superelevating Complex Compound Curves
- Superelevating Reverse Curves
- Example of Superelevating Reverse Curves Separated by Tangents or Spirals
- Example of Superelevating Complex Reverse Curves
- Displaying and Reporting the Cross Section Control Values
- Changing the Slope Control for the Sections
- Designing and Editing Roadway Ditches with Templates and Cross Sections
- Changing the Ditch Slope
- Changing the Ditch Elevation
- Changing the Ditch Width
- Changing the Ditch Offset and Depth
- Changing the Match Slope
- Editing Cross Sections
- Using the View/Edit Sections Command to Edit the Cross Sections
- Editing the Template Transitions
- Using the Cross Section Elements in a Plan Alignment
- Using the Cross Section Elements in a Profile
- Outputting and Importing Template Points
- Plotting and Outputting the Cross Sections
- Changing the Output Settings for Outputting Cross Sections
- Changing the Cross Section Plotting Settings
- Changing the Section Layout Settings for Plotting Cross Sections
- Changing the Page Layout Settings for Plotting Cross Sections
- Changing the Text Size for the Plotted Section Labels
- Plotting a Single Cross Section
- Plotting Multiple Cross Sections
- Importing All Plotted Cross Sections Into a Drawing
- Erasing a Cross Section
- Section Utilities
- Choosing the Current Cross Section by Entering a Station Number
- Choosing the Current Cross Section by Picking a Point
- Zooming to a Cross Section by Entering a Station Number
- Zooming to a Cross Section by Picking a Point
- Listing the Offset and Elevation of Cross Section Points
- Listing the Slope, Grade, and Elevational Difference on a Cross Section
- Listing a Selected Area of a Cross Section
- Labeling Cross Sections
- Changing the Text Size for Cross Section Labels
- Labeling the Offset of the Cross Section Points Automatically
- Labeling the Offset of the Cross Section Points Manually
- Labeling the Elevation of the Cross Section Points Manually
- Labeling the Elevation of the Cross Section Points Automatically
- Labeling the Difference in Elevation Between Two Cross Section Points Manually
- Labeling the Grade Between Two Cross Section Points
- Labeling the Slope Between Two Cross Section Points
- Labeling a Selected Area on a Cross Section
- Drawing Polylines on Plotted Cross Sections
- Calculating Cross Section Volumes
- Changing the Cross Section Volume Adjustment Factors
- Calculating the Volume Data and Displaying the Results in a Table
- Calculating the Volume Data and Displaying the Results on Screen
- Calculating the Volume Data and Saving It to a Text File
- Creating a Mass Haul Diagram
- Calculating the Volume Data for Each Template Surface and Saving It to a Text File
- Calculating the Volume Data for Each Existing Ground Subsurface and Saving It to a Text File
- Calculating the Strip Volume Data for the Top Surface and Saving It to a File
- Calculating the Volume Data Between Two Existing Ground Surfaces
- Creating a 3-Dimensional Grid Based on Cross Sections
- Outputting the Section Data for Use in Other Software Programs
- Changing the ASCII Output Settings for Outputting Section Data
- Outputting the Section Data for a Range of Stations to an ASCII File
- Outputting the Total Volume Data to an ASCII File
- Outputting the Volume Data for Subsurfaces to an ASCII File
- Outputting the Strip Volume Data for the Strip Surface to an ASCII File
- Using the Section Viewer
- Chapter 5 Working with Hydrology Commands
- Hydrology Overview
- Calculating Hydraulic Values for Structural Components
- Calculating Channel Values
- Calculating Culvert Size and Shape
- Calculating Pipe Values
- Calculating Pipe Flow and Other Hydraulic Values Using the Manning's n Equations
- Calculating Pipe Flow and Other Hydraulic Values Using the Darcy-Weisbach Equations
- Calculating Pipe Flow and Other Hydraulic Values by Using the Hazen-Williams Equations
- Calculating the Flow for Circular Pipes Using the Hazen-Williams Equations
- Calculating the Flow for Rectangular Pipes Using the Hazen-Williams Equations
- Calculating the Flow for Elliptical Pipes Using the Hazen-Williams Equations
- Calculating the Flow for Custom Pipes Using the Hazen-Williams Equations
- Calculating Orifice Values
- Calculating Weir Values
- Calculating Riser Values
- Changing the Hydrology Output Settings
- Changing the Hydrology Units Settings
- Changing the Hydrology Precision Settings
- Changing the Hydrology Graph Settings
- Changing the Hydrology Plotting Settings
- Loading Previously Saved Hydrology Plotting Settings
- Saving the Current Hydrology Plotting Settings to a File
- Specifying Which ASCII Text Editor to Use for Viewing and Editing the Hydrology Files
- Returning the Hydrology Settings to the Default Prototype Settings
- Calculating the Runoff from Watershed Areas
- Selecting a Runoff Calculation Method to Use
- Selecting the Rainfall Frequency for a County
- Editing and Defining Rainfall Frequency Values for Counties
- Selecting the Rainfall Frequency for a County
- Customizing the Rainfall Distribution File
- Selecting and Editing the Runoff Curve Numbers for Different Soil Groups and Cover Types
- Selecting the Runoff Curve Numbers for Different Soil Groups and Cover Types
- Calculating a Composite (or Weighted) Curve Number for More Than One Watershed or Subarea
- Time of Concentration and Time of Travel
- Calculating the Watershed Time of Concentration
- Specifying the Sheet Flow
- Specifying the Shallow Flow
- Specifying the Channel Flow
- Calculating the Watershed Time of Travel
- Calculating the Peak Runoff Flow for an Area Using the Rational Method
- Specifying the Rainfall Intensity
- Displaying a Graph of the Intensity-Duration Frequency Data
- Changing the Hydrology Plotting Settings
- Changing the Main Title Settings
- Changing the X-Axis Settings
- Changing the Y-Axis Settings
- Changing the Border Settings
- Changing the Grid Settings
- Changing the Grid Tick Settings
- Changing the Individual Curve Preferences
- Changing X,Y Data for an Individual Curve
- Changing the Hydrology Graph Settings
- Using the TR-55 Graphical Method to Calculate the Peak Runoff Flow
- Calculating Runoff With the TR-20 Method
- Outputting Hydrology Data
- Outputting Data in the HEC-2 Format
- HEC-2 Data Structure
- Sampling the Cross Sections from the Current Surface and Output in the HEC-2 Format
- Changing the HEC-2 Output Settings
- Sampling the Cross Sections Along an Alignment at Station Increments and Output in the HEC-2 Format
- Importing the HEC-2 Cross Sections into a Drawing
- Importing HEC-2 Profiles Into a Drawing
- Hydrology Bibliography
- Chapter 6 Working with Pipes
- Overview of Working With Pipes
- Changing the Pipe Settings
- Customizing the Pipe and Coefficient Tables
- Customizing the Pipe Diameter and Slope Values Table
- Customizing the Roughness Coefficient Tables
- Using the Manning’s n Formula
- Using the Hazen-Williams Formula
- Using the Darcy-Weisbach Formula
- Changing the Exaggeration Factor Settings for Pipes and Nodes
- Changing the Pipe Run Editor Settings from the Settings Dialog Box
- Changing the Range Check Settings for Pipes
- Changing the Default Settings for Defining New Pipe Runs
- Changing the Layer Settings for Pipes
- Changing the Label Settings for Finished Draft Pipes
- Changing the Label Settings for Finished Draft Nodes
- Importing, Exporting, Resetting, and Auditing Pipe Settings
- Drawing and Defining Conceptual Pipe Runs
- Importing Conceptual Pipe Runs into a Drawing
- Editing Conceptual Pipe Runs
- Editing Conceptual Plan Pipe Runs Using the Pipe Run Editor
- Calculating Metric Pipe Sizes and Labeling
- Changing the Pipe Run Editor Settings
- Changing the Precision Settings
- Calculating Hydraulic and Energy Gradelines
- Using Contributing Upstream Run Flow Data in Pipe Calculations
- Editing Conceptual Pipe Runs in Plan View Using the Pipe Run Editor
- Editing Conceptual Pipe Runs in Plan View - Column Headings
- Copying or Clearing the Fields and Columns in the Pipe Run Editor
- Displaying Error Messages in the Pipe Run Editor
- Adding Surface Runoff Contributions to Pipe Nodes or Segments
- Displaying the Data in a Text Editor
- Reversing the Direction of the Flow in a Pipe
- Updating the Rim and Invert Elevations of a Pipe
- Breaking a Pipe Run into Two Pipe Runs
- Joining Two Pipe Runs into One Pipe Run
- Deleting Conceptual Pipe Runs in Plan View
- Updating the Conceptual Pipe Runs in Plan View
- Editing Conceptual Pipe Runs in Profile View
- Editing Conceptual Profile Pipe Runs Using the Pipe Run Editor
- Editing Conceptual Pipe Runs in Profile - Column Headings
- Using Pipe Layer Tools
- Using the Finished Draft Pipe Run Layer Tools
- Deleting the Finished Draft Plan Layers
- Deleting the Finished Draft Profile Layers
- Deleting the Finish Draft Section Layers
- Freezing the Finish Draft Plan Layers
- Thawing the Finished Draft Plan Layers
- Turning On the Finished Draft Plan Layers
- Turning Off the Finished Draft Plan Layers
- Freezing the Finished Draft Profile Layers
- Thawing the Finished Draft Profile Layers
- Turning On the Finished Draft Profile Layers
- Turning Off the Finished Draft Profile Layers
- Freezing the Finished Draft Section Layers
- Thawing the Finished Draft Section Layers
- Turning On the Finished Draft Section Layers
- Turning Off the Finished Draft Section Layers
- Working with Finished Draft Pipe Runs
- Drawing Finished Draft Pipe Runs
- Creating Finished Draft Runs in Plan View
- Creating Finished Draft Runs in Profile View
- Creating Cross Sections of Finished Draft Pipe Runs
- Creating Finished Draft Runs Using a Symbol Line Type
- Restoring the Appearance of a Profile After Erasing a Pipe Run
- Creating Hydraulic Gradelines in Profile View
- Creating Energy Gradelines in Profile View
- Identifying and Labeling Areas on a Profile Where a Pipe Run Crosses an Alignment
- Importing and Exporting Pipe Data
- Importing Pipe Files that are in ASCII (ASC) Format
- Importing Pipe Files that are in WK1 Format
- Importing Pipe Files that are in DB Format
- Exporting Pipe Files to ASCII (ASC) Format
- Exporting Pipe Files to ASCII Format
- Exporting Pipe Files to WK1 Format
- Exporting Pipe Files to DB Format
- Changing the Order in Which Pipe Parameters Are Output
- Creating Templates for Outputting Pipe Data
- Chapter 7 Creating and Plotting Sheets Using Sheet Manager
- Changing Sheet Manager Preferences
- Sheet Manager Settings
- Changing the View Definitions Layer
- Changing the Model Space Match Line Layer
- Changing the Label Frame Layer
- Setting the Layout Page Setup Name
- Basing the Sheet Layout on Profile or Plan Lengths
- Drawing Model Space Match Lines
- Changing the Profile Station Offset
- Returning to Model Space After Generating Sheets
- Controlling Grid Creation During Label Draw
- Aligning Grids to Frame Contents
- Changing the Block Search Path
- Changing the Sheet Style Database Path
- Editing the sdsk.dfm File
- Changing Cross Section Sheet Preferences
- Changing the Horizontal Scale
- Changing the Vertical Scale
- Snapping Sections to a Grid
- Changing the Column Spacing
- Changing the Row Spacing
- Changing the Section Sheet Border Spacing
- Changing the Internal Section Spacing
- Changing the Horizontal Layout
- Changing the Vertical Layout
- Changing the Volume Calculation Method
- Using Curve Correction
- Changing the Cut Correction Value
- Changing the Fill Correction Value
- Appending Surface Names to EG and Template Layers
- Changing the Section Sheet Layer Settings
- Naming a Sheet Series
- Laying Out a Plan/Profile Sheet Series
- Laying Out a Profile Sheet Series
- Generating a Plan/Profile Sheets Series
- Generating a Single Plan/Profile Sheet
- Generating a Series of Plan/Profile Sheets
- Generating a Plan/Profile Sheet Series Automatically
- Saving a Plan/Profile Sheet
- Loading a Generated Plan/Profile Sheet
- Loading a Plan/Profile Sheet Series
- Rules for Loading a Sheet Series
- Deleting a Plan/Profile Sheet Series
- Generating a Profile Sheet Series
- Generating a Cross Section Sheet Series
- Creating Plan/Profile Sheets
- Creating Profile-Only Sheets
- Creating Plan-Only Sheets
- Creating Section Sheets
- Creating Single Sheets
- Working with Sheet Tools
- Setting the Viewport View Scale
- Copying Model Space Entities to Paper Space
- Moving Model Space Entities to Paper Space
- Copying Paper Space Entities to Model Space
- Moving Paper Space Entities to Model Space
- Erasing All Entities in Paper Space
- Splitting the Plan View
- Setting the Plan View Angle
- Rotating the Plan Annotation
- Restoring Rotated Plan Annotation
- Splitting the Profile View
- Changing the Profile View Datum
- Creating a Layer Report
- Plotting Sheets
- Working with Sheet Styles
- Creating a New Sheet Style
- Creating a New Plan/Profile Sheet Style
- Creating a New Plan/Profile Sheet In a Separate Drawing
- Creating a New Plan/Profile Sheet in the Paper Space of an Existing Drawing
- Creating a New Profile-Only Sheet Style
- Creating a New Plan-Only Sheet Style
- Creating a New Cross Section Sheet Style
- Creating a New Section Sheet In a Separate Drawing
- Editing a Sheet Style
- Working with Frames
- Drawing Frames for Section Sheets
- Attaching Labels and Grids to Frames
- Drawing Frames for Plan/Profile and Profile Sheets
- Creating Labels and Grids
- Creating a Text Label
- Creating Text Labels in Multi-Line Format
- Creating a Block Label Style
- Creating a Distance Label Style
- Creating a Grid Style
- Positioning Labels
- Updating Labels and Grids
- Importing and Exporting Label and Grid Styles
- Attaching Label and Grid Sheets to a Frame
- Categories and Codes for Creating Labels
- Changing Sheet Manager Preferences
- Appendix A Autodesk Civil Design File List
- Appendix B Help Files and Tutorials
- Index
Chapter 5 Working with Hydrology Commands
506
Calculating Pipe Flow and Other Hydraulic
Values Using the Darcy-Weisbach Equations
The Darcy-Weisbach pipe calculators calculate flowrates and other hydraulic
variables for pipes. The Darcy-Weisbach formulas are used when the pipe is in a
pressure flow situation.
The different menu items provide the variation for the shape of the pipe:
Circular, Rectangular, Ellipical, or Custom (User).
Darcy-Weisbach Formula
There are two different Darcy-Weisbach equations that are used in the Darcy-
Weisbach pipe calculators. One is used for circular pipes, the other is used for
elliptical and rectangular pipes.
The Darcy-Weisbach pipe calculators use the following formula to calculate
head loss due to friction in circular pipes:
h
fLv
dg
L
2
2
where:
h
L
= Head loss due to friction
f = Friction factor
L = Length of pipe
v = Fluid velocity
d = Diameter of pipe
g = Acceleration due to gravity (32.174 ft/s2 or 9.807 m/s2)
The Darcy-Weisbach formula used to calculate head loss due to friction in non-
circular (rectangular and elliptical) pipes is as follows:
h
fLv
Rg
L
2
8
where:
h
L
= Head loss due to friction
f = Friction factor
L = Length of pipe
v = Fluid velocity
R = Hydraulic radius
g = Acceleration due to gravity (32.174 ft/s2 or 9.807 m/s2)