2.0
Table Of Contents
- Contents
- Chapter 1 Using the Grading Commands
- Developing Finished Ground Surface Models
- Creating Finished Grade Labels
- Modifying Point Elevations
- Working with a Stratum
- Defining a Stratum
- Selecting a Stratum
- Deleting a Stratum
- Updating the Elevations of Selected Points Based on a Stratum
- Updating the Elevations of a Range of Points Based on a Stratum
- Reporting the Elevations of Selected Points Based on a Stratum
- Reporting the Elevations of a Range of Points Based on a Stratum
- Reporting the NEZ Point Data Based on a Stratum
- Obtaining the Elevations from a Stratum Based on the Specified X, Y Coordinates
- Slope Grading
- Creating and Stationing the Grading Footprint
- Creating Grading Objects
- Grading Settings
- Configuring the Grading Footprint Settings
- Configuring the Grading Targets Settings
- Editing Individual Grading Targets
- Configuring the Grading Slopes Settings
- Configuring the Grading Corners Settings
- Editing Individual Corner Treatments
- Configuring the Grading Accuracy Settings
- Configuring the Grading Appearance Settings
- Calculating General Statistics About a Grading Object
- Editing Grading Objects
- Object Locking
- AutoCAD Editing Commands and the Grading Object
- Using Grips to Edit Grading Objects
- Editing a Grading Object Using the Shortcut Menu
- Add a Vertex Using the Shortcut Menu
- Add a Slope Tag Using the Shortcut Menu
- Add a Target Region Using the Shortcut Menu
- Edit a Vertex Using the Shortcut Menu
- Edit a Slope Tag Using the Shortcut Menu
- Edit a Target Region Using the Shortcut Menu
- Delete a Vertex Using the Shortcut Menu
- Delete a Target Region Using the Shortcut Menu
- Delete a Slope Tag Using the Shortcut Menu
- Use the LIST Command
- Functionality of Grading Objects in AutoCAD
- Creating a Surface from a Grading Object
- Creating Contours from a Grading Object
- Creating Breaklines from a Grading Object
- Calculating Volume Data for a Grading Object
- Grading Object Usage Tips
- Daylighting
- Inserting Daylight Points in the Drawing
- Listing the Grading Factors of a Selected Point
- Creating a Random Daylight Point
- Chapter 2 Working with Ponds
- Overview of Working with Ponds
- Changing the Pond Settings
- Creating Pond Perimeters
- Defining Ponds
- Defining Pond Slopes
- Applying a Linear Slope to a Pond
- Defining the Pond Bottom by Using the Daylight Option
- Applying a Slope to a Pond By Specifying the Required Pond Volume
- Applying Multiple Linear Slopes to a Pond
- Resetting the Pond Pattern Settings
- Drawing a Pond Slope Template
- Defining a Pond Slope Template
- Selecting the Current Pond Slope Template
- Applying a Slope Template to a Pond
- Applying Multiple Templates to a Pond
- Applying Multiple Templates to a Pond - Multiple Option
- Applying Multiple Templates to a Pond - Reset Option
- Shaping Ponds
- Listing and Labeling Ponds
- Outputting Pond Data
- Routing Ponds
- Calculating Routing Values for Detention Basins
- Storage Indication Method Formula
- Creating an .ssc File to Use in Calculations
- Creating an .hdc File to Use in Calculations
- Creating an .sdc File to Use in Calculations
- Calculating the Routing Values for a Reservoir or Storage Facility
- Specifying Curves to Use in Calculations
- Displaying the Calculated Storage Volume Versus the Stage
- Displaying the Flow Rate Versus Time Data
- Displaying Multiple Hydrographs
- Adding and Editing Outlet Structures for Ponds
- Adding and Editing Outlet Structures to a Pond-By Pond
- Adding and Editing Outlet Structures to a Pond Using a Stage-Storage Curve
- Changing the Data Created By the Pond Outflow Editor
- Chapter 3 Working with Profiles and Vertical Alignments
- Overview of Working with Profiles and Vertical Alignements
- Where the Alignment and Profile Data Are Stored
- Changing the Profile Settings
- Sampling Existing Ground Profile Data from Multiple Surfaces
- Editing the Vertical Alignments with the Vertical Alignment Editor
- Characteristics of the Vertical Alignment Editor Dialog Box
- Creating Vertical Alignment Data with the Vertical Alignment Editor
- Editing a Vertical Curve with the Vertical Alignment Editor
- Copying the Vertical Alignment Surfaces with the Vertical Alignment Editor
- Changing the Surface Elevations with the Vertical Alignment Editor
- Creating Vertical Alignment Reports
- Creating and Editing Profiles
- Creating Profiles
- Creating a Complete Profile
- Adding a Subsurface to a Profile
- Creating a Quick Profile
- Drawing a Grid on a Profile
- Listing the Elevations for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Recreating a Profile Information Block After Moving or Exporting the Profile
- Changing the Profile Labeling Properties After Creating a Profile
- Removing the Profile Definition Block From a Drawing After Deleting a Profile
- Making a Profile Current
- Creating the Finished Ground Vertical Alignments
- Working with the Vertical Alignment Tangents for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Setting the Current Layer for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Rotating the AutoCAD Crosshairs to Match the Grade of the Finished Ground Centerline
- Drawing the Vertical Alignment Tangents for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Changing the Grade Going into the PVI for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Changing the Grade Coming Out of the PVI for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Moving the Point of Vertical Intersection for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Working with the Vertical Curves for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Drawing Vertical Curves for the Finished Ground Centerline
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on Curve Length
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on a Minimum K Value
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on a Passing Sight Distance
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on a Stopping Sight Distance
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on an Elevation Point
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Through a Point
- Drawing a Sag Vertical Curve Based on Headlight Data
- Drawing a Sag Vertical Curve Based on a Given Velocity
- Defining a Grade Break Without a Vertical Curve
- Defining the Finished Ground Centerline as a Vertical Alignment
- Editing the Finished Ground Centerline Alignment
- Importing the Finished Ground Centerline Alignment
- Creating COGO Points on the Plan View of the Centerline Alignment
- Listing the Elevation of a Selected Point or Station on a Vertical Alignment
- Sampling the Existing Ground to Create the Profile Data
- Creating Ditches and Transitions
- Working with Vertical Alignment Tangents for the Ditches and Transitions
- Setting the Current Layer for the Ditches and Transitions
- Rotating the AutoCAD Crosshairs to Match the Grade of the Ditches and Transitions
- Drawing the Vertical Alignment Tangents for the Ditches and Transitions
- Changing the Grade Going into the PVI for the Ditches and Transitions
- Changing the Grade Coming Out of the PVI for the Ditches and Transitions
- Moving the Point of Vertical Intersection for the Ditches and Transitions
- Drawing Vertical Curves for Ditches and Transitions
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on the Curve Length
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on a Minimum K Value
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on a Passing Sight Distance
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on a Stopping Sight Distance
- Drawing a Vertical Curve Based on an Elevation Point
- Drawing a Vertical Curve through a Point
- Drawing a Sag Vertical Curves Based on the Headlight Data
- Drawing a Sag Vertical Curve Based on a Given Velocity
- Defining a Grade Break Without a Vertical Curve
- Listing the Vertical Curve Data
- Labeling the Vertical Curves
- Defining Ditches or Transitions as Vertical Alignments
- Defining a Ditch or Transition by Offsetting an Existing Vertical Alignment
- Creating a Vertical Alignment at a Uniform Offset from the Reference Alignment
- Creating a Vertical Alignment at an Offset Based on a Horizontal Alignment
- Editing a Ditch or Transition Vertical Alignment
- Importing the Ditch or Transition Vertical Alignments
- Listing the Elevation of a Selected Point or Station for the Ditch and Transition Alignments
- Listing and Labeling the Vertical Alignments
- Changing the Text Style for the Vertical Alignment Labels
- Labeling the Finished Ground Tangents
- Labeling the Elevation and Station of a Point On a Profile
- Listing the Finished Ground Tangent Data
- Listing the Elevation and Station of Any Point In a Profile
- Listing the Difference in Elevation of Two Points in the Profile
- Listing the Elevations of Points in the Profile in Relation to the Finished Ground Centerline
- Creating ASCII Output Files of Profile Information
- Chapter 4 Working with Cross Sections
- Creating Cross Sections
- Creating Existing Ground Cross Sections
- Setting the Current Surface (Cross Sections)
- Sampling Existing Ground Section Data With and Without Multiple Surfaces
- Creating a File of Multiple Surfaces for Sampling the Existing Ground Section Data
- Sampling the Existing Ground Section Data from One Surface
- Sampling the Existing Ground Section Data from Multiple Surfaces
- Changing the Cross Section Sampling Settings
- Creating the Existing Ground Cross Section Data from a Text File
- Creating the Existing Ground Cross Section Data from a Text File - ASCII FIle Format
- Editing the Existing Ground Cross Section Data
- Using Borehole Data to Interpolate the Surfaces for Cross Sections
- Drawing Templates
- Drawing Normal and Subgrade - Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Template Surfaces
- Drawing a Template Surface - General Procedure
- Drawing Normal Surfaces for Symmetrical Templates
- Drawing Subgrade Surfaces for Symmetrical Templates
- Drawing Normal Surfaces for Asymmetrical Templates
- Drawing Subgrade Surfaces for Asymmetrical Templates
- How Subgrade Surfaces Are Controlled
- Creating and Editing Templates and Subassemblies
- Using Point Codes and Material Tables
- Working with Subassemblies
- Defining Subassemblies
- Editing Subassemblies
- Choosing Which Subassembly Vertex to Edit
- Saving the Changes that you Make to the Subassemblies
- Deleting the Current Subassembly Vertex
- Inserting a Subassembly Vertex
- Moving a Subassembly Vertex to a New Location
- Redrawing the Subassembly Display
- Defining the Subassembly Datum Line
- Defining the Subassembly Connection Points
- Defining the Subassembly Top Surface
- Highlighting the Subassembly Features for Better Viewing
- Importing the Subassemblies into a Drawing
- Defining Templates
- Editing Templates
- Choosing Which Template Vertex to Edit
- Inserting a Vertex into a Template
- Moving a Template Vertex to a New Location
- Deleting the Current Template Vertex
- Drawing a New Template Surface
- Moving a Template Surface
- Adding a Template Surface to the Template
- Deleting a Template Surface
- Editing the Template Subgrade Depth and Match Grade
- Changing the Material Description of a Template Surface
- Adding Template Point Codes to a Template
- Deleting Template Point Codes from a Template
- Displaying the Template Shoulder Subassembly
- Defining or Editing the Template Datum Line
- Defining the Template Superelevation Regions
- Defining the Template Connection Points
- Defining the Template Top Surface Points
- Highlighting Template Features for Better Viewing
- Redrawing the Template Display
- Importing a Template into a Drawing
- Creating Finished Ground Cross Sections
- Designing Roadway Slopes with Templates and Cross Sections
- Creating Roadway Transitions with Templates and Cross Sections
- Defining the Transition Regions on a Template
- Attaching the Horizontal Alignment Transitions to Cross Sections
- Attaching the Vertical Transitions to Cross Sections
- Modifying Design Control
- Specifying the Design Control Values for Templates
- Editing the Transitions
- Editing the Template Superelevation Parameters
- Specifying the Design Control Values for Ditches
- Specifying the Design Control Values for Sideslopes
- Specifying the Design Control Values for Benches
- Benching Notes
- Using Ditch or Transition Profiles When Processing the Cross Sections
- Creating the Roadway Superelevation withTemplates and Cross Sections
- Defining the Superelevation Regions on a Template
- Changing the Superelevation Control Values
- Changing the Superelevation Settings
- Superelevation Methods
- Editing the Superelevation for One Section at a Time
- Editing, Inserting, or Deleting a Superelevated Curve
- Importing a Superelevated Horizontal Alignment After Editing It
- Importing Superelevation into a Profile
- Displaying the Superelevation Methods
- Outputting the Superelevation Data
- Processing the Cross Sections for a Range of Stations
- Resetting the Cross Section Processing Settings Back to the Default Project Settings
- Superelevating Compound and Reverse Curves
- Superelevating Compound Curves
- Example of Superelevating Compound Curves Separated by Tangents or Spirals
- Example of Superelevating Complex Compound Curves
- Superelevating Reverse Curves
- Example of Superelevating Reverse Curves Separated by Tangents or Spirals
- Example of Superelevating Complex Reverse Curves
- Displaying and Reporting the Cross Section Control Values
- Changing the Slope Control for the Sections
- Designing and Editing Roadway Ditches with Templates and Cross Sections
- Changing the Ditch Slope
- Changing the Ditch Elevation
- Changing the Ditch Width
- Changing the Ditch Offset and Depth
- Changing the Match Slope
- Editing Cross Sections
- Using the View/Edit Sections Command to Edit the Cross Sections
- Editing the Template Transitions
- Using the Cross Section Elements in a Plan Alignment
- Using the Cross Section Elements in a Profile
- Outputting and Importing Template Points
- Plotting and Outputting the Cross Sections
- Changing the Output Settings for Outputting Cross Sections
- Changing the Cross Section Plotting Settings
- Changing the Section Layout Settings for Plotting Cross Sections
- Changing the Page Layout Settings for Plotting Cross Sections
- Changing the Text Size for the Plotted Section Labels
- Plotting a Single Cross Section
- Plotting Multiple Cross Sections
- Importing All Plotted Cross Sections Into a Drawing
- Erasing a Cross Section
- Section Utilities
- Choosing the Current Cross Section by Entering a Station Number
- Choosing the Current Cross Section by Picking a Point
- Zooming to a Cross Section by Entering a Station Number
- Zooming to a Cross Section by Picking a Point
- Listing the Offset and Elevation of Cross Section Points
- Listing the Slope, Grade, and Elevational Difference on a Cross Section
- Listing a Selected Area of a Cross Section
- Labeling Cross Sections
- Changing the Text Size for Cross Section Labels
- Labeling the Offset of the Cross Section Points Automatically
- Labeling the Offset of the Cross Section Points Manually
- Labeling the Elevation of the Cross Section Points Manually
- Labeling the Elevation of the Cross Section Points Automatically
- Labeling the Difference in Elevation Between Two Cross Section Points Manually
- Labeling the Grade Between Two Cross Section Points
- Labeling the Slope Between Two Cross Section Points
- Labeling a Selected Area on a Cross Section
- Drawing Polylines on Plotted Cross Sections
- Calculating Cross Section Volumes
- Changing the Cross Section Volume Adjustment Factors
- Calculating the Volume Data and Displaying the Results in a Table
- Calculating the Volume Data and Displaying the Results on Screen
- Calculating the Volume Data and Saving It to a Text File
- Creating a Mass Haul Diagram
- Calculating the Volume Data for Each Template Surface and Saving It to a Text File
- Calculating the Volume Data for Each Existing Ground Subsurface and Saving It to a Text File
- Calculating the Strip Volume Data for the Top Surface and Saving It to a File
- Calculating the Volume Data Between Two Existing Ground Surfaces
- Creating a 3-Dimensional Grid Based on Cross Sections
- Outputting the Section Data for Use in Other Software Programs
- Changing the ASCII Output Settings for Outputting Section Data
- Outputting the Section Data for a Range of Stations to an ASCII File
- Outputting the Total Volume Data to an ASCII File
- Outputting the Volume Data for Subsurfaces to an ASCII File
- Outputting the Strip Volume Data for the Strip Surface to an ASCII File
- Using the Section Viewer
- Chapter 5 Working with Hydrology Commands
- Hydrology Overview
- Calculating Hydraulic Values for Structural Components
- Calculating Channel Values
- Calculating Culvert Size and Shape
- Calculating Pipe Values
- Calculating Pipe Flow and Other Hydraulic Values Using the Manning's n Equations
- Calculating Pipe Flow and Other Hydraulic Values Using the Darcy-Weisbach Equations
- Calculating Pipe Flow and Other Hydraulic Values by Using the Hazen-Williams Equations
- Calculating the Flow for Circular Pipes Using the Hazen-Williams Equations
- Calculating the Flow for Rectangular Pipes Using the Hazen-Williams Equations
- Calculating the Flow for Elliptical Pipes Using the Hazen-Williams Equations
- Calculating the Flow for Custom Pipes Using the Hazen-Williams Equations
- Calculating Orifice Values
- Calculating Weir Values
- Calculating Riser Values
- Changing the Hydrology Output Settings
- Changing the Hydrology Units Settings
- Changing the Hydrology Precision Settings
- Changing the Hydrology Graph Settings
- Changing the Hydrology Plotting Settings
- Loading Previously Saved Hydrology Plotting Settings
- Saving the Current Hydrology Plotting Settings to a File
- Specifying Which ASCII Text Editor to Use for Viewing and Editing the Hydrology Files
- Returning the Hydrology Settings to the Default Prototype Settings
- Calculating the Runoff from Watershed Areas
- Selecting a Runoff Calculation Method to Use
- Selecting the Rainfall Frequency for a County
- Editing and Defining Rainfall Frequency Values for Counties
- Selecting the Rainfall Frequency for a County
- Customizing the Rainfall Distribution File
- Selecting and Editing the Runoff Curve Numbers for Different Soil Groups and Cover Types
- Selecting the Runoff Curve Numbers for Different Soil Groups and Cover Types
- Calculating a Composite (or Weighted) Curve Number for More Than One Watershed or Subarea
- Time of Concentration and Time of Travel
- Calculating the Watershed Time of Concentration
- Specifying the Sheet Flow
- Specifying the Shallow Flow
- Specifying the Channel Flow
- Calculating the Watershed Time of Travel
- Calculating the Peak Runoff Flow for an Area Using the Rational Method
- Specifying the Rainfall Intensity
- Displaying a Graph of the Intensity-Duration Frequency Data
- Changing the Hydrology Plotting Settings
- Changing the Main Title Settings
- Changing the X-Axis Settings
- Changing the Y-Axis Settings
- Changing the Border Settings
- Changing the Grid Settings
- Changing the Grid Tick Settings
- Changing the Individual Curve Preferences
- Changing X,Y Data for an Individual Curve
- Changing the Hydrology Graph Settings
- Using the TR-55 Graphical Method to Calculate the Peak Runoff Flow
- Calculating Runoff With the TR-20 Method
- Outputting Hydrology Data
- Outputting Data in the HEC-2 Format
- HEC-2 Data Structure
- Sampling the Cross Sections from the Current Surface and Output in the HEC-2 Format
- Changing the HEC-2 Output Settings
- Sampling the Cross Sections Along an Alignment at Station Increments and Output in the HEC-2 Format
- Importing the HEC-2 Cross Sections into a Drawing
- Importing HEC-2 Profiles Into a Drawing
- Hydrology Bibliography
- Chapter 6 Working with Pipes
- Overview of Working With Pipes
- Changing the Pipe Settings
- Customizing the Pipe and Coefficient Tables
- Customizing the Pipe Diameter and Slope Values Table
- Customizing the Roughness Coefficient Tables
- Using the Manning’s n Formula
- Using the Hazen-Williams Formula
- Using the Darcy-Weisbach Formula
- Changing the Exaggeration Factor Settings for Pipes and Nodes
- Changing the Pipe Run Editor Settings from the Settings Dialog Box
- Changing the Range Check Settings for Pipes
- Changing the Default Settings for Defining New Pipe Runs
- Changing the Layer Settings for Pipes
- Changing the Label Settings for Finished Draft Pipes
- Changing the Label Settings for Finished Draft Nodes
- Importing, Exporting, Resetting, and Auditing Pipe Settings
- Drawing and Defining Conceptual Pipe Runs
- Importing Conceptual Pipe Runs into a Drawing
- Editing Conceptual Pipe Runs
- Editing Conceptual Plan Pipe Runs Using the Pipe Run Editor
- Calculating Metric Pipe Sizes and Labeling
- Changing the Pipe Run Editor Settings
- Changing the Precision Settings
- Calculating Hydraulic and Energy Gradelines
- Using Contributing Upstream Run Flow Data in Pipe Calculations
- Editing Conceptual Pipe Runs in Plan View Using the Pipe Run Editor
- Editing Conceptual Pipe Runs in Plan View - Column Headings
- Copying or Clearing the Fields and Columns in the Pipe Run Editor
- Displaying Error Messages in the Pipe Run Editor
- Adding Surface Runoff Contributions to Pipe Nodes or Segments
- Displaying the Data in a Text Editor
- Reversing the Direction of the Flow in a Pipe
- Updating the Rim and Invert Elevations of a Pipe
- Breaking a Pipe Run into Two Pipe Runs
- Joining Two Pipe Runs into One Pipe Run
- Deleting Conceptual Pipe Runs in Plan View
- Updating the Conceptual Pipe Runs in Plan View
- Editing Conceptual Pipe Runs in Profile View
- Editing Conceptual Profile Pipe Runs Using the Pipe Run Editor
- Editing Conceptual Pipe Runs in Profile - Column Headings
- Using Pipe Layer Tools
- Using the Finished Draft Pipe Run Layer Tools
- Deleting the Finished Draft Plan Layers
- Deleting the Finished Draft Profile Layers
- Deleting the Finish Draft Section Layers
- Freezing the Finish Draft Plan Layers
- Thawing the Finished Draft Plan Layers
- Turning On the Finished Draft Plan Layers
- Turning Off the Finished Draft Plan Layers
- Freezing the Finished Draft Profile Layers
- Thawing the Finished Draft Profile Layers
- Turning On the Finished Draft Profile Layers
- Turning Off the Finished Draft Profile Layers
- Freezing the Finished Draft Section Layers
- Thawing the Finished Draft Section Layers
- Turning On the Finished Draft Section Layers
- Turning Off the Finished Draft Section Layers
- Working with Finished Draft Pipe Runs
- Drawing Finished Draft Pipe Runs
- Creating Finished Draft Runs in Plan View
- Creating Finished Draft Runs in Profile View
- Creating Cross Sections of Finished Draft Pipe Runs
- Creating Finished Draft Runs Using a Symbol Line Type
- Restoring the Appearance of a Profile After Erasing a Pipe Run
- Creating Hydraulic Gradelines in Profile View
- Creating Energy Gradelines in Profile View
- Identifying and Labeling Areas on a Profile Where a Pipe Run Crosses an Alignment
- Importing and Exporting Pipe Data
- Importing Pipe Files that are in ASCII (ASC) Format
- Importing Pipe Files that are in WK1 Format
- Importing Pipe Files that are in DB Format
- Exporting Pipe Files to ASCII (ASC) Format
- Exporting Pipe Files to ASCII Format
- Exporting Pipe Files to WK1 Format
- Exporting Pipe Files to DB Format
- Changing the Order in Which Pipe Parameters Are Output
- Creating Templates for Outputting Pipe Data
- Chapter 7 Creating and Plotting Sheets Using Sheet Manager
- Changing Sheet Manager Preferences
- Sheet Manager Settings
- Changing the View Definitions Layer
- Changing the Model Space Match Line Layer
- Changing the Label Frame Layer
- Setting the Layout Page Setup Name
- Basing the Sheet Layout on Profile or Plan Lengths
- Drawing Model Space Match Lines
- Changing the Profile Station Offset
- Returning to Model Space After Generating Sheets
- Controlling Grid Creation During Label Draw
- Aligning Grids to Frame Contents
- Changing the Block Search Path
- Changing the Sheet Style Database Path
- Editing the sdsk.dfm File
- Changing Cross Section Sheet Preferences
- Changing the Horizontal Scale
- Changing the Vertical Scale
- Snapping Sections to a Grid
- Changing the Column Spacing
- Changing the Row Spacing
- Changing the Section Sheet Border Spacing
- Changing the Internal Section Spacing
- Changing the Horizontal Layout
- Changing the Vertical Layout
- Changing the Volume Calculation Method
- Using Curve Correction
- Changing the Cut Correction Value
- Changing the Fill Correction Value
- Appending Surface Names to EG and Template Layers
- Changing the Section Sheet Layer Settings
- Naming a Sheet Series
- Laying Out a Plan/Profile Sheet Series
- Laying Out a Profile Sheet Series
- Generating a Plan/Profile Sheets Series
- Generating a Single Plan/Profile Sheet
- Generating a Series of Plan/Profile Sheets
- Generating a Plan/Profile Sheet Series Automatically
- Saving a Plan/Profile Sheet
- Loading a Generated Plan/Profile Sheet
- Loading a Plan/Profile Sheet Series
- Rules for Loading a Sheet Series
- Deleting a Plan/Profile Sheet Series
- Generating a Profile Sheet Series
- Generating a Cross Section Sheet Series
- Creating Plan/Profile Sheets
- Creating Profile-Only Sheets
- Creating Plan-Only Sheets
- Creating Section Sheets
- Creating Single Sheets
- Working with Sheet Tools
- Setting the Viewport View Scale
- Copying Model Space Entities to Paper Space
- Moving Model Space Entities to Paper Space
- Copying Paper Space Entities to Model Space
- Moving Paper Space Entities to Model Space
- Erasing All Entities in Paper Space
- Splitting the Plan View
- Setting the Plan View Angle
- Rotating the Plan Annotation
- Restoring Rotated Plan Annotation
- Splitting the Profile View
- Changing the Profile View Datum
- Creating a Layer Report
- Plotting Sheets
- Working with Sheet Styles
- Creating a New Sheet Style
- Creating a New Plan/Profile Sheet Style
- Creating a New Plan/Profile Sheet In a Separate Drawing
- Creating a New Plan/Profile Sheet in the Paper Space of an Existing Drawing
- Creating a New Profile-Only Sheet Style
- Creating a New Plan-Only Sheet Style
- Creating a New Cross Section Sheet Style
- Creating a New Section Sheet In a Separate Drawing
- Editing a Sheet Style
- Working with Frames
- Drawing Frames for Section Sheets
- Attaching Labels and Grids to Frames
- Drawing Frames for Plan/Profile and Profile Sheets
- Creating Labels and Grids
- Creating a Text Label
- Creating Text Labels in Multi-Line Format
- Creating a Block Label Style
- Creating a Distance Label Style
- Creating a Grid Style
- Positioning Labels
- Updating Labels and Grids
- Importing and Exporting Label and Grid Styles
- Attaching Label and Grid Sheets to a Frame
- Categories and Codes for Creating Labels
- Changing Sheet Manager Preferences
- Appendix A Autodesk Civil Design File List
- Appendix B Help Files and Tutorials
- Index
Chapter 1 Using the Grading Commands
2
Developing Finished Ground Surface Models
When you add or remove soil, rock, and other materials to shape the land for a
project, you institute grading to configure the lands surface. Grading provides
tools to model the ground elevations and the inclination of the ground surface.
The Grading commands are designed to help you develop your finished ground
surface models. You need to begin your site calculations with an existing
ground surface that you created using the commands in the Terrain menu.
Then, create your finished ground data, such as grading objects, contours, and
points, and build the new finished ground surface.
You should create new layers for your finished ground data. That way, when
you are ready to define the surface data that you want to use for creating the
new surface, you can freeze or turn off all unnecessary layers and it is easy to
select only the information for that surface. You may want to create separate
layers for finished ground points, contours, and breaklines, or place them all on
the same layer.
Creating Finished Grade Labels
Grade labels are a simple set of commands to allow you to label surface
elevations with a leader and text. The text is special because it is recognized by
the grading commands and can be updated by point editing commands within
the Grading menu. When creating labels, you are given the option of entering
an elevation value or retrieving an elevation automatically from a terrain model
surface. The commands in the Grading menu allow you to control the settings
of the labels, place a label, and edit a label or point elevation.
Changing the Finished Grade Label Settings
You can change the finished grade label settings using the Grade Labels ä
Settings command on the Grading menu.
To change the finished grade label settings
1 From the Grading menu, choose Grade Labels ä Settings to display the Finish
Grade Label and Daylighting Settings dialog box.