AutoCAD Mechanical 2009 User’s Guide January 2008
© 2008 Autodesk, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Except as otherwise permitted by Autodesk, Inc., this publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose. Certain materials included in this publication are reprinted with the permission of the copyright holder. Trademarks The following are registered trademarks or trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., in the USA and other countries: 3DEC (design/logo), 3December, 3December.
Contents Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1 About AutoCAD Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 AutoCAD Mechanical Software Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Leveraging Legacy Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Starting AutoCAD Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 AutoCAD Mechanical Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Product Support and Training Resources . . . . .
Chapter 2 Commands in AutoCAD Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Command Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Design and Annotation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Chapter 3 Working with Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Working with Templates . . . . . . . . . . Setting Mechanical Options . . . . . . Specifying Drawing Limits . . . . . . Saving Templates . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Libraries to Insert Parts . . . . . . . Configuring Snap Settings . . . . . . . . . Creating Construction Lines (C-Lines) . . Creating additional C-Lines . . . . . . . . Creating Contours and Applying Fillets . . Trimming Projecting Edges on Contours . Applying Hatch Patterns to Contours . . . Dimensioning Contours . . . . . . . . . . Creating and Dimensioning Detail Views Chapter 6 . . . . . . . . . Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Screw Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . Editing Screw Connections with Power Edit . . Working with Power View . . . . . . . . . . . . Deleting with Power Erase . . . . . . . . . . . . Inserting Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inserting Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Turning Off Centerlines in Configurations . . . Hiding Construction Lines . . . . . . . . . . . Simplifying Representations of Standard Parts . Chapter 10 Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Placing Shaft Supports . . . . . . . Specifying Loads on Shafts . . . . . Calculating and Inserting Results . Calculating Strengths of Shafts . . Chapter 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 . 265 . 268 . 270 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 .
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2D FEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calculating Stress In Parts . . . Defining Loads and Supports . Calculating Results . . . . . . . Evaluating and Refining Mesh . Refining Designs . . . . . . . . Recalculating Stress . . . . . . Chapter 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview Part I provides information for getting started with your AutoCAD® Mechanical software. It includes an overview of the product capabilities, a summary of commands with their toolbuttons and descriptions, and a summary of new and revised commands in this release of AutoCAD Mechanical. In addition, Part I includes information about methods to access commands, AutoCAD Mechanical Help, and product support and training resources.
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About AutoCAD Mechanical 1 This chapter provides information about the AutoCAD® Mechanical software application. It describes the software package, the basic design features in the software, and the methods for accessing commands. A brief overview of the Help, along with information about where to find resources for product learning, training, and support are included.
The integrated Autodesk® IGES Translator for transferring and sharing of CAD data between CAD/CAM/CAE systems is installed along with the AutoCAD Mechanical product. Newly generated files in AutoCAD Mechanical can be saved to a previous version so that you can run multiple versions of AutoCAD Mechanical within the same environment. Starting AutoCAD Mechanical You can start AutoCAD Mechanical by using one of the following procedures: ■ Click Start on the task bar, and then choose Programs.
■ Access to Support Assistance with integrated links to solutions. For access to Help, you can choose from the following methods: ■ From the Help menu, select Mechanical Help Topics. ■ Select the Help button in the standard toolbar. ■ Press F1. ■ Click the Help button within a dialog box. Product Support and Training Resources Be more productive with Autodesk software.
The mechanical structure tools include: ■ A browser interface for structured 2D mechanical design, where parts, assemblies, views, and folders containing associated data are organized, structured, and managed. Standard parts are automatically organized and managed in the browser. All components are accessible through the browser for many functions, and filters can be set to control the type and level of detail of information displayed.
External References for Mechanical Structure External References for mechanical structure provides for the components of a drawing to be inserted as an external reference to multiple drawings. Conversely, multiple drawings can be attached as external references to a single drawing.
Autodesk Inventor link Autodesk® Inventor™ link redefines the meaning of 3D to 2D interoperability. Use the functionality to link to Autodesk Inventor parts and assemblies to: ■ Access and associatively document native 3D part models without the presence of Autodesk Inventor. ■ Visualize part models, examine and use part properties such as material, name, and number. ■ Associatively document part models using precision hidden-line removed projections, dimensions, and annotations.
■ Linear/symmetric stretch is used to modify dimensioned geometry by changing the dimension value. ■ Predefined hatch patterns are applicable in two picks from toolbars and menus. Engineering Calculations The automatic engineering calculations available in AutoCAD Mechanical ensure proper function in mechanical designs. ■ The 2D FEA feature determines the resistance capability of an object put under a static load and analyzes design integrity under various loads.
■ The cam generator creates cam plates and cylindrical cams given input border conditions. You can calculate and display velocity, acceleration, and the cam curve path. You can couple driven elements to the cam and create NC data through the curve on the path. Intelligent Production Drawing and Detailing A number of commands are available in AutoCAD Mechanical that automate the process to create balloons and bills of material.
■ One command quickly cleans up and arranges dimensions in 2D drawings. One system setting controls the scale for drawing symbols in all views. ■ Commands are available for align, break, insert, and join to easily dimension a drawing. Annotations ■ Hole notes can be inserted for standard holes. ■ Commands are available to create standards-based surface texture symbols, geometric dimensioning and tolerances, targets, and weld symbols.
Standard Parts Tools Standard part tools provide for the elements that go with standard parts, such as a hole to accompany a screw. These tools include: ■ Screw connection feature for selecting entire fastener assemblies at one time. ■ Changeable representation of a standard part between a normal, simplified, or symbolic representation. ■ Power view to automatically generate a different view of a standard part, such as a top view from a front view.
Commands in AutoCAD Mechanical 2 This chapter provides a list of the commands available in AutoCAD® Mechanical, along with a brief description of the function of each command and the associated toolbutton. Command Summary The following is a list of the AutoCAD Mechanical commands, a brief description of each, and the associated toolbutton. Some commands do not have an associated toolbutton. This list does not contain AutoCAD® commands.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AM2DHIDEDIT Edits existing unstructured hide situations. AMADJRINGS2D Creates an adjusting ring on a shaft. AMANALYSEDWG Creates a file in which the current layer structure of the drawing is written. AMANNOTE Creates, deletes, adds, and moves annotations associated with drawing views. AMASSOHATCH Suits an existing hatch to a changed contour. AMATTACHSYM Displays or attaches non attached symbols.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMBELL2D Selects, calculates, and inserts Belleville spring washers, and inserts spring specification tables in drawings. AMBHOLE2D Creates a standard related blind hole. AMBOM Creates a formatted BOM database containing a list of attributes, parts lists with item numbers, and lists of like items in a BOM. AMBREAKATPT Breaks a line, polyline, or a spline on a specified point. AMBROUTLINE Draws a special spline to show the breakout borders.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMCENCRCORNER Draws a centerline cross in a corner. AMCENCRFULLCIRCLE Draws a centerline cross on a circle. AMCENCRHOLE Draws a centerline cross with a hole. AMCENCRINHOLE Draws a centerline cross in a hole. AMCENCROSS Draws a centerline cross. AMCENCRPLATE Draws centerline cross on a plate. AMCENINBET Draws a centerline in between two lines. AMCENTERHOLE2D Creates a centerhole.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMCHAINDRAW Draws chain or belt links. AMCHAINLENGTHCAL Determines the tangent definition between sprockets or pulleys. AMCHAM2D Bevels the edges of objects. AMCHAM2D_DIM create dimensions for chamfers. AMCHECKDIM Checks for, highlights, and edits dimensions with overridden text. AMCLEVISPIN2D Creates a clevis pin. AMCLINEL Locks or unlocks the construction line layer. AMCLINEO Switches construction lines on or off.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMCONSTSWI Switches construction lines between lines and rays. AMCONTIN Displays the inner contour of an object. AMCONTOUT Displays the outer contour of an object. AMCONTRACE Traces all points of a contour. AMCONVDWG Converts the current drawing. AMCOPYLG Copies a user specified layer group or selected geometry into a new layer group. AMCOPYVIEW Copies views to the same layout or to a different layout. AMCOTTERPIN2D Creates a cotter pin.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMCYLPIN2D Creates a cylindrical pin. AMDATUMID Creates datum identifier symbols. AMDATUMTGT Creates datum target symbols. AMDEFLINE Calculates the deflection line or moment line of an object that has various force elements acting on it. AMDELVIEW Deletes views and its dependent views. AMDETAIL Creates associative and scaled detail frames of selected parts of a drawing.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMDIMINSERT Edits linear, aligned, rotated, and angular dimensions by inserting new dimensions of the same type simultaneously. AMDIMJOIN Edits linear, aligned, and angular (3-point or 2-line) dimensions by joining similar dimensions into a single dimension. AMDIMMEDIT Edits multiple dimensions at the same time. AMDIMSTRETCH Resizes objects by stretching/shrinking linear and symmetric dimensions. AMDRBUSH2D Creates a single drill bushing.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMEDITVIEW Edits views created in Drawing mode. AMEQUATEDIT Generates and organizes equations. AMERASEALLCL Erases all construction lines. AMERASECL Erases selected construction lines. AMEXPLODE Breaks a compound object in the mechanical structure environment into its component objects. AMEXT2D Designs, calculates, and inserts extension springs, and inserts spring specification tables in drawings. AMEXTHREAD2D Creates an external thread.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMFILLET2D Rounds and fillets the edges of objects. AMFITSLIST Puts existing fits and their respective dimension values into a list and inserts this fits list into your drawing. AMGROOVE2D Inserts a retaining ring/circlip with the appropriate groove in a shaft. AMGROOVESTUD2D Creates a grooved drive stud. AMHATCH_135_11 Creates a 135-degree and 11 mm/0.4 inch hatch. AMHATCH_135_2 Creates a 135-degree and 2.7 mm/0.11 inch hatch.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMHATCH_DBL Creates a double hatch of 45- and 135-degree and 2.3 mm/0.09 inch. AMHELP Displays the online Help. AMHOLECHART Documents the holes in a design, including coordinate dimensions. AMINERTIA Calculates the following tasks: center of gravity, directions of the main axes moment, moments of inertia, effective moment of inertia, deflection angle.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMLANGTEXT Displays and uses text from the Language Converter. AMLAYER Manages mechanical layers and layer definitions. AMLAYERGROUP Manages layer groups in a drawing. AMLAYINVO Switches invisible lines on or off. AMLAYMOVE Moves lines to another layer. AMLAYMOVEPL Moves lines to parts layers. AMLAYMOVEWL Moves lines to working layers. AMLAYPARTO Switches standard parts on or off. AMLAYPARTREFO Switches part reference on or off.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMLAYVISENH Specifies the layer group setting during a working session. AMLAYVPO Switches viewports on or off. AMLGMOVE Moves elements in a selection set to a specific layer group. AMLIBRARY Displays the Library dialog box. AMLISTVIEW Lists information about a selected view while in Drawing mode. AMLUBRI2D Creates a lubricator. AMMANIPULATE Dynamically moves and rotates selected geometry along/around the X, Y, Z axes. AMMCONTV Makes a contour visible.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMMIGRATEBB Converts infopoints, position numbers, and parts lists (on a drawing) from Genius 13/Genius 14 to AutoCAD Mechanical 6 format. AMMIGRATESYM Converts all symbols from Genius 13/14 to AutoCAD Mechanical 6 format. AMMODE Switches between model and drawing modes. AMMOVEDIM Moves dimensions on drawings while maintaining their association to the drawing view geometry.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMPARTREF Creates part references. AMPARTREFEDIT Edits part reference data. AMPIN2D Creates cylindrical pins, cotter pins, taper pins, and grooved drive studs. AMPLBEAR2D Inserts a plain bearing on a shaft or in a housing. AMPLOTDATE Inserts the current date in the lower right corner of the title block. AMPLRIVET2D Creates a plain rivet. AMPLUG2D Creates a plug.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMPOWERDIM_ANG Creates an angular dimension showing the angle between three points or the angle between two lines, or the angle an arc subtends on its center. AMPOWERDIM_ARCLEN Creates an create an arc length dimension for arcs. AMPOWERDIM_BAS Creates a linear or angular dimension from the baseline of an existing dimension. AMPOWERDIM_CHAIN Creates a linear, angular, or arc length dimension from the second extension line of an existing dimension.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMPOWERDIM_VER Creates vertical linear dimensions. AMPOWEREDIT Starts the command with which the selected object was created to edit the object. AMPOWERERASE Deletes selected objects. AMPOWERRECALL Starts the command with which the selected object was created, to create a new object. AMPOWERSNAP Sets object snap modes, polar snap, and filters for object snaps. AMPOWERVIEW Creates top or side views of standard parts.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMPSNAP4 Sets user-defined snap settings on tab 4. AMPSNAPCEN Snaps the rectangle center. AMPSNAPFILTERO Switches the entity filter on or off. AMPSNAPMID Snaps to the middle of two points. AMPSNAPREF Snaps to a reference point. AMPSNAPREL Snaps to a relative point. AMPSNAPVINT Snaps to a virtual intersection point of two lines. AMPSNAPZO Switches snapping of the Z coordinate on or off.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMREFCOPY Copies objects from other blocks to the REFEDIT working set. AMREFDIM Creates reference dimensions between the part edges created in Model mode and lines, arcs, circles, ellipses created in Drawing mode. AMRESCALE Rescales dimensions and symbols in model and layout. AMREV Switches revision lists on or off. AMREVLINE Inserts a revision list into a drawing or adds an additional revision line to an existing revision list.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMSCAREA Creates a scale area (an area that has a scale that is different to model space scale) in model space. AMSCATALOG Opens the structure catalog dialog box, which gives you the ability to insert structure components to the current drawing as external references and manage them. AMSCATALOGOPEN Opens the structure catalog dialog box AMSCATALOGCLOSE Closes the structure catalog dialog box. AMSCMONITOR Views and edits the scale of scale areas or viewports.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMSCREWMACRO2D Opens the Screw Assembly Templates dialog box. AMSCRIPT Generates scripts. AMSEALRING2D Creates a sealing ring for use under a plug. AMSEALS2D Inserts a seal or O-ring with the appropriate groove in a shaft. AMSECTIONLINE Creates cutting plane lines. AMSEDIT Directly manipulates the contents of an active folder or view in the mechanical structure environment. AMSETUPDWG Sets up a drawing.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMSHAFTKEY2D Inserts a parallel or woodruff key with the appropriate keyseat in a shaft. AMSHAFTLNUT2D Creates a shaft lock nut including the lock washer and inserts both in a shaft. AMSHIDE Creates and edits hide situations in the mechanical structure environment. AMSHIDEEDIT Edits hide situations created with AMSHIDE. AMSHIMRING2D Creates a shim ring on a shaft. AMSIMPLEWELD Creates seam and fillet simple welds.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMSNEW Creates and manages new folders, components, and annotation views in the mechanical structure environment. AMSPROCKET Draws sprockets or pulleys. AMSPURGE Removes unused structure objects, including folders, components, views, and annotation views in the mechanical structure environment. AMSREPLACEDEF Replaces the definition of a folder or view with another definition of objects in the mechanical structure environment.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMSTYLESTAND Changes the text style to standard. AMSTYLETXT Changes the text style to TXT. AMSURFSYM Creates surface texture symbols. AMSYMLEADER Appends or removes a leader. AMSYMLINE Draws symmetrical lines. AMTAPBHOLE2D Creates a standard related tapped blind hole. AMTAPETHREAD2D Creates a taper hole with an external thread. AMTAPITHREAD2D Creates a taper hole with an internal thread. AMTAPERPIN2D Creates a taper pin.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMTEXT3 Inserts mtext with 3.5 mm height. AMTEXT5 Inserts mtext with 5 mm height. See Appendix A, Assistance Toolbar - Text for more text commands. AMTEXT7 Inserts mtext with 7 mm height. AMTEXTCENT Centers text horizontally and vertically. AMTEXTHORIZ Centers text centered horizontally around the selected point. AMTEXTRIGHT Aligns mtext to the right.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMTITLE Inserts a title block and a drawing border. AMTOR2D Designs, calculates, and inserts torsion springs, and inserts spring specification tables in drawings. AMTRCONT Traces contours on construction lines. AMTSLOT2D Creates a standard related through slot. AMUBHOLE2D Creates a user-defined blind hole. AMUBSLOT2D Creates a user-defined blind slot. AMUCOUNTB2D Creates a user-defined counterbore. AMUCOUNTS2D Creates a user-defined countersink.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMUTSLOT2D Creates a user-defined slot. AMVARIODB Connects to a database. AMVIEWALL Zooms the view according to the limits. AMVIEWCEN Zooms the center of the viewports. AMVIEWLL Zooms the predefined lower-left quarter of the drawing. AMVIEWLR Zooms the predefined lower-right quarter of the drawing. AMVIEWUL Zooms the predefined upper-left quarter of the drawing. AMVIEWUR Zooms the predefined upper-right quarter of the drawing.
Toolbutton Command Name Description AMWELDSYM Creates a welding symbol. AMXREFSET Controls the representation of xrefs. AMZIGZAGLINE Draws zigzag lines. AMZOOMVP Displays a selected area in another viewport. SAVEAS Saves a file into a different file format for use in more than one version of AutoCAD Mechanical.
Design and Annotation Tools The tutorials in this section teach you how to use the tools in AutoCAD® Mechanical for design, annotation, and productivity. The lessons include step-by-step instructions and helpful illustrations. You learn how to work with templates and layers, mechanical structure, model space and layouts, dimensions, steel shapes, bills of material (BOMs) and parts lists. Instructions on how to prepare your designs for final documentation are also included.
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Working with Templates 3 In this tutorial, you learn about the predefined templates and how to create your own user-defined templates in AutoCAD® Mechanical. Key Terms Term Definition base layer A layer made up of working layers and standard parts layers. Base layers are repeated in every layer group. layer group A group of associated or related items in a drawing. A major advantage of working with layer groups is that you can deactivate a specific layer group and a complete component.
Working with Templates In AutoCAD Mechanical, you can use templates (*.dwt files) to create drawings. Predefined templates, which contain settings for various drawings, such as am_iso.dwt or am_ansi.dwt, are supplied with AutoCAD Mechanical. You can create your own templates, or use any drawing as a template. When you use a drawing as a template, the settings in that drawing are used in the new drawing.
To set mechanical options 1 Start the Mechanical Options command. On the command line, enter AMOPTIONS. 2 In the Options dialog box, AM:Structure tab, clear the Enable Structure check box, and then choose Apply. 3 On the AM:Standards tab, specify: Standard: ISO Measurement: Metric Model Scale: 1:1 Click OK. NOTE All settings in this dialog that are stored in the drawing (template) are marked with this icon: listed in the right section.
Specifying Drawing Limits Specify the drawing limits according to size A0 (840 x 1188 mm). This limits your drawing space to the specified size. To specify the drawing limits 1 Start the Drawing Limits command. On the command line, enter LIMITS. 2 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.00,0.00>: Press ENTER Specify upper right corner <420.00,297.00>: Enter 841, 1189, press ENTER The limits are expanded to A0 format.
Click Save. 3 In the Template Description dialog box, specify: Description: Tutorial Template Measurement: Metric Click OK. 4 Close the drawing. Using Templates Use the previously created template to start a new drawing.
To open a template 1 Start the New command. On the command line, enter NEW. 2 In the Select template dialog box, select my_own_template.dwt, and then choose Open. Start the new drawing using the settings of the previously saved template. Setting Default Standards Templates Specify your template as the default template. To set a default template 1 Start the Mechanical Options command. On the command line, enter AMOPTIONS. 2 In the Options dialog box, AM:Standards tab, choose Browse.
3 In the Open dialog box, select my_own_template.dwt, and then choose Open. 4 In the Options dialog box, Click OK. The template my_own_template is used as the default standards template until you specify a different default template. NOTE The default standards template is used if a drawing does not contain any AutoCAD Mechanical configuration.
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Using Mechanical Structure 4 In this tutorial, you learn how to use mechanical structure in AutoCAD® Mechanical. You learn how to work with folders, components and component views. You also review the bill of materials, restructure components and resolve ghost components. You learn how to insert components from external files, edit in-place, localize external components and externalize local components.
Term Definition component view folder A folder nested under a component that contains the geometry for a particular view of that component. definition A description of a folder, component, or view that AutoCAD Mechanical saves in the database, similar to a block definition. elemental geometry The graphical elements of a drawing that represent the shape and size of a part or assembly. free object (as used in the Create Hide Situation dialog box) A unit of elemental geometry.
The Mechanical Browser and structure tools are not displayed by default. To display them, you must switch to the structure workspace.First, you must create a new drawing and enable mechanical structure. To display the Mechanical Browser 1 On the command line, enter WORKSPACE and press ENTER.
Folders The basic element of mechanical structure is the folder. A folder is similar to a block in that it has a definition that can be instanced multiple times. Like a block, the definition is stored away in the nongraphical area of the drawing. Similar to blocks, any change you make to the folder definition is reflected in all instances of that folder. Creating Folders 1 Use the Circle tool to create a circle. The size and proportions are not important.
To grip edit the circle 1 Continue clicking the circle until you see the word CIRCLE in the tooltip window. 2 Select a grip, drag and then click. If a folder's contents are selectable, how do you select the folder? This is where the tooltip comes in. You select folders (and other elements of structure) by cycling through a selection, and the tooltip tells you what you are selecting. In the next exercise, you copy the folder to demonstrate structure selection.
The Mechanical Browser shows a second instance of the folder (Folder1:2), implying that you copied the folder, not just the contents. In the next exercise you modify the contents of a folder to demonstrate that modifying one instance of a folder updates both. To edit an instance 1 Continue clicking a circle until you see the word CIRCLE in the tooltip window. 2 Press DELETE. Note how the circle is deleted from both instances. Next, you add new geometry to a folder.
3 Double-click a vacant area in the browser to reset activation. Nesting Folders Like blocks, folders can be nested. However, a folder cannot be nested within itself, which is about the only restriction on folder nesting. 1 Draw a small circle in the lower triangle in the second instance of the folder. 2 Draw a line from the center of the circle to the 3 o’clock quadrant of the circle. 3 In the browser, right-click Folder1:2 and select New Folder.
Select objects for new folder: Select the circle and then the line, press ENTER Specify base point: Select the center of the circle. 5 Expand Folder1:1 and Folder 1:2 and verify that a nested folder was created. 6 In the browser, right-click Folder1:2 again and select Insert Folder.
Notice that when you added the nested folders, both instances updated, as when you added the lines. Folder2:1 was created as a child of Folder1:2 because we chose New Folder from its context menu, and Folder2:2 was inserted into Folder1:2 for the same reason. Note that as with blocks, you were able to rotate the folder instance on insertion. Instance vs. Occurrence To finish with folders, you inspect a few browser functions such as visibility and property overrides.
The subfolder you selected is now red, but the other subfolder is not. Notice that the same subfolder under Folder1:2 has changed color to red. This is because property overrides are instance-based. When you look at visibility you will understand why this matters. To apply visibility overrides 1 In the browser, right-click Folder1:1 and select Visible. The entire folder is now invisible. 2 In the browser, right-click Folder1:1 and select Visible. The folder is visible again.
2 Turn on the Status Toggles ➤ S-LOCK, Status Toggles ➤ R-LOCK and Status Toggles ➤ Top Down/Bottom up options. Button Function BTM-UP/TOP-DN Switches the structure selection order between bottom-up and top-down. R-LOCK Switches the Reference Lock on and off. When the Reference Lock is on, you cannot select entities in an external folder or view (more on this later). S-LOCK Switches the Selection Lock on and off.
To select items when S-LOCK is on 1 Press ESC to clear any preselection. 2 In the browser, double-click Folder1:1 to activate it. 3 Click the S-LOCK button and latch it down to turn on the selection lock. 4 Click one of the circles in Folder1:2. Note that the circle is no longer selectable. 5 Click one of the circles in Folder1:1. Grips appear, indicating that selection is possible. 6 Double-click the root of the Mechanical Browser tree to reset activation. 7 Close the drawing.
2 Draw a second rectangle, above the first, having the same width (the top view). 3 Right-click anywhere in the browser, and select New ➤ Component.
Creating Assembly Components You now have two component views; Front and Top, and they are grouped together in the browser by COMP1:1. In the next exercise, you insert another instance of COMP1 and assemble the two components (parts) in an “L” shape. To insert a new instance of a component 1 In the browser, right-click a vacant area, and select Insert ➤ Component.
3 In the browser, right-click COMP1:2 and select Insert ➤ Component View ➤ Top. 4 Respond to the prompts as shown: Specify the insertion point or [change Base point/Rotate 90/select next View]: Pick point 2, the lower left corner of the front view of COMP1:1 Specify rotation angle <0>: Press ENTER. To assemble components 1 Right-click anywhere In the browser, and select New ➤ Component.
2 Respond to the prompts as shown: Enter new component name : Enter ASSY and press ENTER Enter new view name : Enter Front and press ENTER Select objects for new component view: Select COMP1:1 (Front) and COMP1:2 (Top) and press ENTER To select a component view instead of the geometry, continue clicking the geometry until you see the component view name in the tooltip window.
Modifying Assembly Components As you work, you can continue to add views as needed. To demonstrate this, in the next exercise, you add a side view of this assembly. To add a component view 1 Draw a rectangle representing the side view of the first instance of COMP1. 2 In the browser, right-click ASSY:1 and select New ➤ Component View.
Specify base point: Pick the lower left corner of the rectangle 6 In the browser, right-click COMP1:2 and select Insert ➤ Component View ➤ Side.
In the next exercise, you add a component to the assembly to demonstrate the ability to add a component after the assembly is created. To add a component 1 Draw a circle on the top view of the assembly. 2 In the browser, right-click ASSY:1(Top) and select New ➤ Component.
4 Draw a rectangle representing the projected view in the front view of the assembly 5 Right-click COMP2:1 and select New ➤ Component View.
7 In the browser, right-click COMP2:1 and select Insert ➤ Component View ➤ Side.
In the following example, a folder, Profile:1, was created to contain the upper-wheel profile. Profile:2 is another instance of this folder, created by mirroring Profile:1. Changing one profile automatically updates the other. The wheel component was created after the Profile folders. The design intent is captured and organized with these folders. Mechanical Browser Display Options The Mechanical Browser shows the hierarchical organization of components within a drawing.
To show the View Tree and Component Tree 1 Right-click the root node of the Mechanical Browser and select Browser Options. 2 In the View Tree section, select the Display Tree check box. 3 In the Component Tree section, clear the Component Views check box. 4 Click OK. 5 Right-click a vacant area in the Mechanical Browser and select Expand All. In this view, the hierarchy of components as well as views are shown.
To show both default and expandable assembly views 1 Right-click the root node of the Mechanical Browser and select Browser Options. 2 In the Component Tree section, select the Component Views check box. 3 Click OK. In this view, the Mechanical Browser shows the hierarchy of components, component views as well as indicates which component owns a given component view. In practice, you can work with the view settings that makes most sense to you.
To insert a parts list 1 On the command line, enter AMBOM. 2 Respond to the prompts as shown: Specify BOM to create or set current [Main/?] : Press ENTER 3 In the BOM dialog box, click the plus sign (+) in the first column to expand ASSY. 4 Click the Insert Parts list button on the toolbar of the BOM dialog box. 5 In the Parts List dialog box, click OK and click inside the drawing to indicate where to insert the parts list. 6 In the BOM dialog box, click OK.
By associating views through a single component, the BOM is managed accurately and semi-automatically. You can manage component attributes through the BOM editor or directly on the component from the Mechanical Browser. Browser Restructure and Ghost Components In the next exercise you restructure COMP1:1 and COMP2:1 to be parts of an assembly named SUB-ASSY. To do this, you must create SUB-ASSY first. To create a component 1 Right-click a vacant area in the Mechanical Browser and choose New ➤ Component.
Select objects for new component view: Select COMP1:1 (Top) and COMP2:1 (Top), press ENTER To select a component view instead of the geometry, continue clicking the geometry until you see the component view name in the tooltip window. If you accidentally select the wrong view, you can cancel the selection by selecting the view again with the SHIFT key pressed. Specify base point: Pick the lower left corner of the combined view The Component Restructure dialog box is displayed.
Note that the component SUB-ASSY is already created (1) and COMP1:1 and COMP2:1 are components of it. Also, the COMP1:1 and COMP2:1 continue to exist as components of ASSY1 (2), but the icon changed. This icon indicates that the component is a Ghost Component. Ghost components are containers of the views of components that are in an intermediate state of restructure. To learn how to resolve ghost components, you must stop creating SUB-ASSY at this point. 4 Click OK.
Select objects for new component view: Don’t pick anything, press ENTER Specify base point: Pick the lower left corner of the large rectangle in the lower left of the drawing 7 In the Mechanical Browser, right-click SUB-ASSY:1 and select New ➤ Component View again.
To resolve ghost components 1 In the Mechanical Browser, click the ghost component COMP1:1, press the CTRL key and click COMP2:1. Both components are selected. 2 Drag to SUB-ASSY1. The Component Restructure dialog box is displayed. 3 In the Source Component Views list, with the CTRL key pressed select COMP1:1(Front) and COMP2:1(Side). 4 Drag to SUB-ASSY1(Front). The views move from the Source Component Views list to the Destination Component Views list.
The ghost components disappear and COMP1:1 and COMP2:1 are now parts of SUB-ASSY1. In the final exercise of browser restructure, you restructure SUB-ASSY1 to be a subassembly of ASSY1. To restructure components 1 In the Mechanical Browser, drag SUB-ASSY:1 ➤ Front to ASSY:1 ➤ Front. The Restructure components dialog box is displayed. 2 Drag SUB-ASSY:1 (Top) to ASSY:1 (Top) and SUB-ASSY:1 (Side) to ASSY:1 (Side). 3 Click OK.
External Reference Components In AutoCAD Mechanical, you can save individual parts and subassemblies in external files and share them between designs. When a part is modified, the changes are propagated to all instances, ensuring that assembly drawings are always synchronized with their related part drawings.
Inserting External Components In this exercise, you insert a Gripper on to a Gripper Plate drawing. 1 Open the file Tut_Gripper_Plate.dwg in the tutorials folder. On the command line, enter OPEN. NOTE The path to the tutorials folder is; ■ Windows Vista™:C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\Autodesk\ACADM 2009\Acadm\Tutorial ■ Windows® XP: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Shared Documents\Autodesk\ACADM 2009\Acadm\Tutorial The drawing contains two views of a gripper plate and contains two construction li
Once one view of an xref component is inserted, the other views can be inserted as normal. To insert another view of the xref component 1 In the Mechanical Browser, right-click GRIPPER1 and select Insert from Xref Drawing ➤ Component View ➤ Top.
Select objects: Ensure that the selection mode is set to TOP-DN and in model space, click both xref views you inserted, press ENTER Specify first point of mirror line: Click anywhere on the vertical construction line Specify second point of mirror line: Click elsewhere on the vertical construction line Erase source objects? [Yes/No] : Enter N and press ENTER 3 In the last column of the Component View Instance Created dialog box, select New. A new instance of the component, GRIPPER:2 is created.
Specify second point of mirror line: Click elsewhere on the horizontal construction line Erase source objects? [Yes/No] : Enter N and press ENTER Next, you assemble the components under an assembly, named GRIPPER ASSEMBLY. To assemble components 1 Right-click a vacant area in the Mechanical Browser, and select New ➤ Component.
The Component Restructure dialog box is displayed. 3 In the Destination Components list, right-click a vacant area, and select Create New View. 4 Respond to the prompts as shown: Enter new view name : Press ENTER Select objects for new component view: Ensure that the selection mode is set to TOP-DN and window select the larger rectangle and the four grippers connected to it and press ENTER Specify base point: Pick the intersection of the two construction lines 5 Save the file as Gripper Assembly.dwg.
In the next exercise, you modify the gripper lever using the activate method. To edit an xref component in place 1 In the Mechanical Browser, double-click Gripper ➤ Front to activate it. Notice that locks appear on all instances of the gripper in the Mechanical Browser. This indicates that the source file containing the gripper is now locked and no one else can modify it. 2 Start the Chamfer command. On the command line, enter AMCHAM2D.
To verify if the changes were written back to the source file ■ In the Mechanical Browser, right-click GRIPPER1 and select Open to Edit. The Gripper source file opens. Note that the component view Open Position has also been modified. How did this happen? Expand the component Lever1. Notice that it has two instances of the component view Front. Another example of how mechanical structure can eliminate repetitive tasks.
Annotation Views In some cases, externalizing to detail may be considered excessive. Mechanical Structure provides for creating Annotation Views, an associative view of a component purely for the purpose of detailing. Annotation views have no effect on the BOM. In the next exercise, you create an annotation view for the LEVER component. To create an annotation view 1 In the Mechanical Browser, expand one of the Gripper components and right-click LEVER:1 2 Select New ➤ Annotation View.
Specify the insertion point or [change Base point/Rotate 90/select next View/Done] : Press ENTER NOTE You can type AMSNEW at the command line to display the New dialog box to create annotation views. To annotate the geometry in the annotation view 1 Start the Automatic Dimension command. On the command line, enter AMAUTODIM. The Automatic Dimensioning dialog box is displayed. 2 In the Type drop-down list, select Chain and click OK.
4 Note the dimension of the chamfer section. To modify the chamfer in the assembly 1 Switch to model space. In the Mechanical Browser, expand GRIPPER:1, right-click LEVER:1 ➤ Front and select Zoom to. 2 Start the Power Edit command. On the command line, enter AMPOWEREDIT. 3 Respond to the prompts as shown: Select object: Select the Chamfer 4 In the Chamfer dialog box, select 2.5 as the First Chamfer Length and 5 as the Second Chamfer Length, and click OK. 5 Switch to layout1.
Basics of AMSHIDE In the next exercise, you create a hide situation between two folders. To create a hide situation 1 Open the file Tut_AMSHIDE.dwg in the tutorials folder at: ■ Windows Vista: C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\Autodesk\ACADM 2009\Acadm\Tutorial ■ Windows XP: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Shared Documents\Autodesk\ACADM 2009\Acadm\Tutorial The drawing contains three instances of a folder, where two overlap each other. 2 Start the Associative Hide command.
5 If the dialog box is collapsed, as shown in the image above, click to expand it. 6 Click the Hide node on the tree in the dialog box. 7 Clear the Display hidden lines check box. The hidden lines are set to invisible. The change is immediately reflected in model space. 8 In the Name box, enter Test Hide. 9 To swap the foreground and background, select Level1 on the tree and click the Send to Back button on the toolbar of the dialog box.
c Click OK. 2 Select Test Hide, from below the Hide Situations node on the Mechanical Browser. Note that the entities involved in the hide are highlighted in model space. 3 Double-click Test Hide. The Hide situations dialog box is displayed. 4 In the Toolbar of the Hide Situation dialog box, click the Level3 is added to the top of the tree. 5 Click button. to select objects for Level3.
Using AMSHIDE in Assemblies In this section, you create a hide situation on an assembly and save it to the appropriate position in the mechanical structure. To open the sample files ■ Open the file Tut_Robot_Arm.dwg in the tutorials folder. On the command line, enter OPEN. NOTE The path to the tutorials folder is; ■ Windows Vista: C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\Autodesk\ACADM 2009\Acadm\Tutorial ■ Windows XP: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Shared Documents\Autodesk\ACADM 2009\Acadm\Tutorial The
2 Respond to the prompts as shown: Select foreground objects: Continue clicking (1) until you see GRIPPER:2 (Front) in the tooltip Select foreground objects: Press ENTER 3 In the message box that is displayed, click No, Use all objects selected. 4 In the message box that is displayed, select OK. 5 Click Level2 in the tree view and select the button.
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Designing Levers 5 In this tutorial, you start with a lever inserted from the parts library, and then you refine the design using many of the design options available in AutoCAD® Mechanical. You also create a drawing detail and add dimensions to it. Key Terms Term Definition construction lines Lines, which are infinite in both directions or rays, which are infinite starting at a point that can be inserted into the drawing area.
Term Definition and is highlighted in red as soon as the required distance to the object being dimensioned is reached. library A feature that makes it possible to store parts such as blocks and drawings in a library. For every inserted part, an icon can be created. The icon is put in the display section on the right side of the dialog box along with an assigned name. power command A collective term for the Power Copy, Power Recall, Power Edit, Power Dimensioning, Power Erase, and Power View commands.
Using Libraries to Insert Parts Insert the required part from the library. To insert a drawing from the library 1 Start the Library. On the command line, enter AMLIBRARY. 2 Double-click the tut_lever.dwg file in the Library. 3 Respond to the prompt as follows: Specify insertion point: Specify any point in the drawing 4 Start the Zoom Window command. On the command line, enter ZOOM.
Save your file. Before starting the design, define the object snaps that you will use in later operations. Configuring Snap Settings In addition to the AutoCAD® snap, mechanical snap options like arc radial, arc tangent, and so forth are available. You also have four different snap settings, which can be configured separately for a quick switch to a different snap setting. For example, you can use different snap settings for detailing or general design.
Settings 1: Endpoint, Intersection Settings 2: Endpoint, Center, Quadrant, Intersection, Parallel Settings 3: Perpendicular 3 After configuring the settings, activate Setting 1, by selecting Settings 1 from the Power Snap Configuration drop-down list and then click OK. Save your file. NOTE Within a command, the various object snap functions are also accessible. Hold down the SHIFT key, and right-click.
2 In the Construction Lines dialog box, choose the option next to the icon shown below and click OK. 3 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify insertion point: Specify the intersection of line b and line c (1) Specify insertion point: Press ENTER 4 Next, draw two lines parallel to the vertical and horizontal lines of the construction line cross. 5 Start the Draw Construction Lines command. On the command line, enter AMCONSTLINES. The Construction Lines dialog box is displayed.
8 Insert the second set of parallel lines, and respond to the prompts as follows: Select line, ray or xline: Select line b Specify insertion point or Distance (xx|xx|xx..) <3|9>: Enter 4.5|9.5, press ENTER Specify point on side to offset: Specify a point below line b (2) 9 Press ENTER. Save your file. Creating additional C-Lines AutoCAD Mechanical offers a large choice of C-line options. To create additional construction lines 1 Activate snap setting 2. On the command line, enter AMPSNAP2.
4 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify first point: Select the first point (1) Specify second point or Angle (xx|xx|xx..) <30|45|60>: Move the cursor over line a and back to the rectangle until the Parallel symbol appears, click (2) 5 Press ENTER to finish the command. Now, you draw tangential circles between the diagonal C-line and the right vertical line and lower horizontal line of the rectangle. 6 Start the Draw Construction Lines command. On the command line, enter AMCONSTLINES.
9 Press ENTER to end the command. All construction lines have been inserted, and the contour can be generated. Save your file. Creating Contours and Applying Fillets Now, you connect the two tangential circles with the right part of the rectangle, to build a filleted triangle. To create and edit a contour 1 Start the Polyline command. On the command line, enter PLINE.
Specify next point (4) Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Enter A, press ENTER Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/ Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: Specify next point (5) Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/ Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: Enter CL, press ENTER Now, erase the C-Lines. You can erase all C-lines by calling one command. 3 Erase all C-Lines. On the command line, enter AMERASEALLCL.
Click OK. 8 Respond to the prompts as follows: (Dimension mode:OFF)(Trim mode) Current fillet radius = 1 Select first object or [Polyline/Setup/Dimension] : Enter P, press ENTER Select polyline: Select a point on the polyline near the corner 9 Press ESC to cancel the command. The triangular contour is complete. Save your file. Trimming Projecting Edges on Contours Now, you create another part of the contour and trim projecting edges.
To edit a contour 1 Activate Power Snap Setting 3 command. On the command line, enter AMPSNAP3. Next, insert the next contour. 2 Start the Line command. On the command line, enter LINE.
Select Objects: Press ENTER Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Select object to trim (3) Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Select object to trim (4) Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Press ENTER 6 Zoom to the extents of the lever. The contour is complete and looks like this. Save your file.
Applying Hatch Patterns to Contours There are a number of predefined hatch patterns available in AutoCAD Mechanical. Choose one of the predefined hatching styles, and then specify a point within a contour to apply the hatching. To apply hatching to a contour 1 Start the Hatch command, using an angle of 45 degrees and 2.5 mm / 0.1 inch spacing. On the command line, enter AMHATCH_45_2.
To dimension a contour 1 Start the Power Snap Setting 1 command. On the command line, enter AMPSNAP1. 2 Start the Power Dimensioning command. On the command line, enter AMPOWERDIM.
Click OK. 5 Press ENTER twice to finish the command. The lever looks like this: Save your file. Creating and Dimensioning Detail Views Now, define a detail of the upper part of the lever.
To create a detail 1 Start the Detail command. On the command line, enter AMDETAIL.
NOTE Some entities such as dimensions and symbols are automatically filtered out in the detail function. Now, add a dimension to the detail. 5 Start the Power Dimensioning command. On the command line, enter AMPOWERDIM.
7 Select an appropriate position for the dimension. 8 In the Power Dimensioning dialog box, click the tolerances button to deactivate the tolerances. Click OK. 9 Press ENTER twice to finish the command.
The Power Dimensioning command recognizes the different scale area. If you dimensioned the radius in the original drawing, the dimension value would be the same. The text height is also the same, as per the selected drafting standard. This is the end of this tutorial chapter. Save your file.
Working with Model Space and Layouts 6 In this tutorial, you work with layouts in AutoCAD® Mechanical, to create scale areas, viewports, and detail views in model space. You learn how to freeze objects in viewports without affecting the model and other layouts. Key Terms Term Definition base layer A layer made up of working layers and standard parts layers. Base layers are repeated in every layer group.
Term Definition layout The tabbed environment in which you create and design floating viewports to be plotted. Multiple layouts can be created for each drawing. Power Dimensioning A command useful for generating linear, radial, and diameter dimensions, which minimizes the number of the individual actions while generating a dimension. Power Dimensioning automatically selects the type of the linear dimension (horizontal, vertical, aligned), based on the selected point.
To open a file ■ Open the file tut_engine.dwg in the tutorials folder. On the command line, enter OPEN. NOTE The path to the folder containing tutorial files is; ■ Windows Vista:™ C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\Autodesk\ACADM 2009\Acadm\Tutorial ■ Windows®XP: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Shared Documents\Autodesk\ACADM 2009\Acadm\Tutorial The drawing contains parts of a four-stroke engine. Save your file under a different name or to a different directory to preserve the original tutorial file.
3 In the Scale Area dialog box, specify: Scale: 1:1 Click OK. Since you now have a defined scale area, you can automatically create a viewport.
To create a viewport automatically 1 Start the Viewport Auto Create command. On the command line, enter AMVPORTAUTO. 2 Respond to the prompts as follows: Enter layout name ( for “Layout1”): Press ENTER Select target position ( for current position): Place the viewport on the left, inside the drawing border Save your file. Creating Detail Views There are two types of detail views; associative and non associative.
Define the enlargement area for the detail ... Center of circle or [Rectangle/Object]: Select the center of the detail (3) Specify radius or [Diameter]: Drag the radius to the desired size (4) 3 In the Detail dialog box, specify the settings shown in the illustration. Click OK.
Save your file. Generating New Viewports Now, you create a viewport inside a layout. To create a viewport in the layout 1 Start the Viewport/Scale Area command. On the command line, enter AMVPORT. 2 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify first point or [Circle/Border/Object]: Select point 5 in the drawing Specify second point: Select point 6 in the drawing 3 In the View dialog box, specify: Scale: 5:1 Choose Midpoint.
The drawing is changed to model space so that you can define the midpoint. 4 Respond to the prompt: Select view center: Select the endpoint of the centerline 5 In the View dialog box, Click OK.
Save your file. Inserting Holes Within Viewports To demonstrate the main advantage of working with layouts, insert a hole in the housing. When you make this change, it is immediately displayed in every view. Insert a user through hole in the previously created viewport. To insert a through hole 1 Activate the previously created viewport. On the command line, enter MSPACE. The viewport has a thick (highlighted) frame. 2 Start the Through Hole command. On the command line, enter AMTHOLE2D.
4 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify insertion point: Hold down the SHIFT key and right-click, and then choose Midpoint 5 Specify insertion point: _mid of Select the midpoint of the housing (1) Specify hole length: Select the endpoint of the hole (2) 128 | Chapter 6 Working with Model Space and Layouts
6 In the User Through Holes - Nominal Diameter dialog box, specify: Nominal Diameter: 8 Choose Finish. The user through hole is inserted into your drawing. The drawing looks like this: Because of the associativity, the through hole created in the viewport also appears in the original view. In the next step, you dimension the through hole diameter in the viewport. Since the dimension is to appear only in the detail view, you generate the dimension directly in the layout without having a viewport active.
To apply a dimension in the layout 1 Change to the layout. On the command line, enter PSPACE. 2 Start the Power Dimensioning command. On the command line, enter AMPOWERDIM.
NOTE You can also dimension the hole in model space and turn off the layer of one specific viewport. In that case, the dimension text is correct only in the 1:1 viewport, and not in the detail view. Therefore, it is best that you dimension directly on the layout. Save your file. Creating Subassemblies in New Layouts If you use layer groups in your assembly drawing, you can create detail and subassembly drawings in layouts.
Click OK. Create an associative view of a subassembly in layout 2. To create an associative view of a subassembly 1 Select the Layout 2 tab on the bottom of your drawing area. Layout 2 is displayed. 2 Start the Viewport/Scale Area command. On the command line, enter AMVPORT. 3 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify first point or [Circle/Border/Object]: Select point 7 in the drawing Specify second point: Select point 8 in the drawing 4 In the View dialog box, specify: Scale: 5:1 Choose Midpoint.
The drawing is changed to model space. 5 Specify the point, as shown in the following drawing: 6 In the View dialog box, Click OK. In the new viewport, only the subassembly you specified is visible. AutoCAD Mechanical freezes the Base Layer Group.
Finish your detail drawing with text, remarks, annotations, and so on. NOTE When you plot the drawing, the red viewport frame is turned off automatically. If you have a plotter or printer driver installed, use the plot command, and preview the drawing. This is the end of this tutorial chapter. Save your file.
7 Dimensioning In this tutorial, you learn how to add dimensions to your drawing with the automatic dimensioning in AutoCAD® Mechanical, change the dimensions with Power Commands, and insert a drawing border. Key Terms Term Definition baseline dimension A dimension that is aligned to extension lines and read from the bottom or right side of the drawing. centerline Line in the center of a symmetrical object. drawing border A standardized frame that is used for technical drawings.
Term Definition Power Dimensioning selects the type of linear dimension (horizontal, vertical, or aligned), based on the selected point, and the dimensions of the drawing can have a uniform style using the distance snap. Power Erase Command for deleting. Use Power Erase when you delete part reference numbers or dimensions that were created with Power Dimensioning and Automatic Dimensioning. title block A title block contains a series of attributes. Some already have values.
Save your file under a different name or to a different directory to preserve the original tutorial file. Adding Multiple Dimensions Simultaneously Dimension the bushing using automatic dimensioning. To dimension a contour 1 Start Automatic Dimensioning. On the command line, enter AMAUTODIM. 2 In the Automatic Dimensioning dialog box, Parallel tab, specify: Type: Baseline Click OK.
Select the complete bushing by creating a window around it Select objects [Block]: Press ENTER First extension line origin: Select the lower leftmost corner of the bushing (1) Specify dimension line location or [Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated/Placement options]: Drag the dimensioning downwards until it snaps in (highlighted red), and then click Starting point for next extension line: Press ENTER to end the command Generate the diameter dimensions using shaft dimensioning.
3 Respond to the prompts as follows: Select objects [Block]: Select the complete bushing by creating a window around it Select objects [Block]: Press ENTER Select Centerline or new starting point: Select the centerline of the bushing (1) Specify dimension line location or [Placement options]: Drag the dimensioning to the right until it snaps in (highlighted red), and then click 4 Continue responding to the prompt: Starting point for next extension line: Adding Multiple Dimensions Simultaneously | 139
Press ENTER to end the command Your drawing looks like this. Save your file. Editing Dimensions with Power Commands Some dimensions in the drawing are not necessary. In the next step, you delete the dimensions that you don't need. To delete dimensions 1 Start Power Erase. On the command line, enter AMPOWERERASE.
Add a single dimension with a fit using Power Dimensioning. To add a dimension with a fit 1 Start Power Dimensioning. On the command line, enter AMPOWERDIM.
3 In the Power Dimensioning dialog box, click , and then specify: Fit: Symbol: H7 4 Under Text, click left). , and then select the diameter symbol (upper Click OK. Apply angular dimensioning.
2 Press ENTER twice to finish the command. Add a fit to the shaft dimensions using Multi Edit. To add a fit using Multi Edit 1 Start Multi Edit. On the command line, enter AMDIMMEDIT. 2 Respond to the prompts as follows: Select dimensions: Select the dimensions 18 and 30 Select dimensions: Press ENTER 3 In the Power Dimensioning dialog box, choose the Add Fit button , and then specify: Fit: Symbol: h7 Click OK. The fit description h7 is added to the dimensions. Save your file.
Breaking Dimension Lines The automatic dimensioning process created intersecting dimension lines. The drawing appearance can be improved by breaking these lines. To break dimension lines 1 Start the Break Dimension command. On the command line, enter AMDIMBREAK.
To insert a drawing border 1 Start the Drawing Title/Borders command. On the command line, enter AMTITLE. 2 In the Drawing Borders with Title Block dialog box, specify: Paper Format: A4 (297x210mm) Title Block: ISO Title Block A Scale: 1:1 Click OK.
Click OK.
Save your file. Inserting Fits Lists Insert a fits list. Fits lists describe all fits existing in a drawing. To insert a fits list 1 Start the Fits List command. On the command line, enter AMFITSLIST. 2 Respond to the prompts as follows: Fits lists [Update all/Order/New] : Press ENTER Specify insertion point: Specify the upper right corner of the title block The fits list is inserted above the title block, and looks like this.
Edit a dimension with a fit. The fits list is updated. To edit a dimension 1 In the drawing, double-click the diameter dimension (not the dimension line) 18 h7. 2 In the Power Dimensioning dialog box, specify: Fit symbol: g6 Click OK. 3 In the AutoCAD Question dialog box, choose Yes. The fits list is updated, too. Save your file.
This is the end of this tutorial chapter.
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Working with 2D Hide and 2D Steel Shapes 8 In this tutorial, you learn how to work with 2D steel shapes. The features in AutoCAD® Mechanical for defining 2D hide situations have already been covered in Basics of AMSHIDE on page 93. However, the tutorial is intended for new users who may have to work with AM2DHIDE supported legacy drawings. Key Terms Term Definition background A contour that is covered by another contour or by objects that are lying behind another contour, in the 3D sense.
Working with 2D Hide and 2D Steel Shapes Use the AM2DHIDE command when mechanical structure is not enabled. Use AMSHIDE when mechanical structure is enabled. For this exercise you work with AM2DHIDE. Before you begin this tutorial... All tutorial files can be found in the Tutorial folder: 1 Enter AMBROWSER in the command prompt and press ENTER. 2 When prompted, enter ON and press ENTER. Opening the initial drawing To open a drawing 1 Open the file tut_steelshape.
Defining 2D Hide Situations Define a 2D hide situation. You can define foreground and background contours and the settings for the representation of the hidden objects. To define a 2D hide situation 1 Start the Hide Invisible Edges command. On the command line, enter AM2DHIDE.
NOTE As you can see, the parts of the sprockets that should be visible appear as hidden lines. This shows that the complete area inside the outer chain contour is defined as foreground. Define the 2D hide situation in a way that the chain has an inner contour. 4 Respond to the prompt as follows: Accept preview and exit command [Yes/No] : Enter N, press ENTER 5 In the Create Hide Situation dialog box, Foreground tab, click Select Inner Contours.
6 Respond to the prompt as follows: Select point inside a hole or select a loop to remove: Select a point inside the chain (1) The inner contour of the chain is displayed green. 7 Respond to the prompt as follows: Select point inside a hole or select a loop to remove: Press ESC 8 In the Create Hide Situation dialog, choose Preview. The sprocket is no longer displayed as a hidden line and the chain drive is displayed correctly.
9 Respond to the prompt as follows: Accept preview and exit command [Yes/No] : Press ENTER The 2D hide situation is defined correctly, and you can proceed with your drawing. Save your file under a different name or to a different directory to preserve the original tutorial file. Inserting 2D Steel Shapes Steel Shapes can easily be inserted through a selection dialog box, where you can define the standard, profile, size, and length of the steel shape.
3 In the Select a Steel Shape dialog box, select Steel Shapes ➤ Square/Rectangular Hollow Section, and then select ISO 657/14-1982 (Rectangular) and Top View. 4 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify insertion point: Select point P1 Specify rotation angle <0>: Press ENTER 5 In the ISO 657/14 - 1982 (Rectangular) - Size Selection dialog box, specify: Select a Size: 90x90x4.
Choose Finish. 6 Respond to the prompt as follows: Drag Size: Select point P2 The steel shape is inserted. Your drawing looks like this: Save the file. Modify the steel shapes using the Power Commands.
Modifying Steel Shapes Using Power Commands With the Power Commands, you can create different views of the steel shapes. You can copy, multiply, or edit the steel shapes. Insert the steel shapes in the top view of the assembly using Power View and Power Copy. To modify a steel shape using a Power Command 1 Start the Power View command. On the command line, enter AMPOWERVIEW. 2 Select the previously inserted steel shape. 3 In the Select new view dialog box, select the Front View.
Save your file. Editing 2D Hide Situations The insertion of the steel shapes in the top view of the assembly created a 2D hide situation automatically. This 2D hide situation is not correct. Use the command AM2DHIDEDIT when mechanical structure is disabled. Edit the 2D hide situation. To edit a 2D hide situation 1 Start the Edit Hidden Edges command. On the command line, enter AM2DHIDEDIT.
4 Respond to the prompts as follows: Select objects for foreground: Select the I-shaped girder Select objects for foreground: Press SHIFT while you click the square hollow section on the left to deselect it Select objects for foreground: Press ENTER 5 In the Modify Hide Situation dialog box, Background tab, choose Select View.
6 Respond to the prompts as follows: Select objects for background: Select the square hollow section on the left Select objects for background: Select the square hollow section on the right Select objects for background: Press ENTER 7 In the Modify Hide Situation dialog box, click Preview.
3 Right-click, and then choose Paste. Respond to the prompt as follows: Specify insertion point: Select point P5 The girder assembly is copied to the new location. Your drawing looks like this. Save your file. Move the chain drive from the beginning of the chapter to the top view of the assembly. To move a 2D hide situation 1 Start the Move command. On the command line, enter MOVE.
Define the 2D hide situation for the girder assembly and the chain drive. To define a 2D hide situation 1 Start the Hide Invisible Edges command. On the command line, enter AM2DHIDE. 2 Respond to the prompts as follows: Select objects for foreground: Select the complete chain drive Select objects for foreground: Press ENTER 3 In the Create Hide Situation dialog box, Click OK.
Now, the girder assembly is hidden by the chain drive. Your drawing looks like this: Save your file. This is the end of this exercise.
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Working with Standard Parts 9 In this tutorial, you learn to work with standard parts in AutoCAD® Mechanical. You insert a screw connection, a hole, and a pin. You also edit the standard parts with power commands. Key Terms Term Definition background A contour that is covered by another contour or by objects that are lying behind another contour, in the 3D sense. A background may be a foreground for an additional contour.
Term Definition Power Command Summary term for Power Copy, Power Recall, Power Edit, Power Dimensioning, Power Erase and Power View. Power Copy A command that copies a drawing object to another position in the drawing. Power Copy produces an identical copy of the original object. Power Edit An edit command for all objects in your drawing. Power Erase A command for intelligent deleting.
To open a drawing 1 Open the file tut_std_pts.dwg in the Tutorial folder at: ■ Windows Vista™: C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\Autodesk\ACADM 2009\Acadm\Tutorial ■ Windows®XP: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Shared Documents\Autodesk\ACADM 2009\Acadm\Tutorial The drawing contains a motor with a gearbox. Some construction lines are inserted to help you work through the tutorial exercise. The gearbox is not completed yet.
Save your file under a different name or to a different directory to preserve the original tutorial file. Inserting Screw Connections Insert a screw connection in the differential gear housing. To insert a screw connection 1 Start the Screw Connection command. On the command line, enter AMSCREWCON2D. 2 In the Screw Connection dialog box, click Screws.
3 In the Select a Screw dialog box, select Socket Head Types.
4 Select ISO 4762 and Front View.
You are returned to the Screw Connection - Front View dialog box. 5 In the Screw Connection - Front View dialog box, click the upper Holes button. Then select Through Cylindrical, and ISO 273 normal. 6 In the Screw Connection - Front View dialog box, click the lower Holes button. Then select Tapped Holes, Blind, and ISO 262 (Regular Thread). NOTE The screw types available and the order depend on the standard selected to be active in AMOPTIONS, AM:Standard Parts.
Click Next.
9 In the Screw Assembly Representation - Front View dialog box, click Next. 10 In the Screw Assembly Grip Representation - Front View dialog box, click Finish.
11 Respond to the prompts as follows: Drag Size: Drag the screw connection dynamically to size M4 x 16, and then click Drag Size: Enter 12, press ENTER The screw connection is inserted with a specified a screw length of 16 mm and a blind hole depth of 12 mm. NOTE During dragging, the size of the screw is shown as a tooltip and in the status bar, where the coordinates are usually displayed. The background is automatically hidden, and your drawing looks like this: Save your file.
To copy a screw connection 1 Start the Power Copy command. On the command line, enter AMPOWERCOPY. 2 Respond to the prompts as follows: Select object: Select the previously inserted screw Specify insertion point: Specify a point (1) Specify direction: Press ENTER The screw is copied to the specified location. Your drawing looks like this: Save your file.
Creating Screw Templates Create a screw template and store it for repeated use. This makes the insertion of identical or similar screw connections much faster. Before you create and insert the screw template, zoom to the cover plate. To zoom to a window 1 Zoom to the extents of the drawing. On the command line, enter ZOOM 2 Respond to the prompts as follows: [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] : Enter E, press ENTER. 3 Zoom in to the coverplate.
To create a screw template 1 Start the Screw Connection command. On the command line, enter AMSCREWCON2D. 2 In the Screw Connection dialog box, click the Screws button. 3 In the Select a Screw dialog box, select Countersink Head Type.
4 Select ISO 10642, and Front View.
5 In the Screw Connection - Front View dialog box, click the upper Holes button. Then select Countersinks, and ISO 7721. 6 In the Screw Connection - Front View dialog box, click the lower Holes button. Then select Tapped Holes, Blind, and ISO 262. 7 In the Screw Connection - Front View dialog box, click Back to store the screw template.
8 In the Screw Assembly Templates dialog box, click the Save icon. Your screw connection is stored as a template and is added to the list. Click Next.
NOTE The screw template contains the combination of the used standard parts. It contains no sizes, like diameters or lengths. 9 In the Screw Connection dialog box, click the Pre-calculation icon. 10 In the Screw Diameter Estimation dialog box, specify: Material Class: 10.
The Result field displays a nominal diameter size of M4. Click OK. 11 In the Screw Connection - Front View dialog box, the precalculation routine has marked M4. Click Next.
12 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify insertion point of first hole: Specify first point (1) Specify endpoint of first hole [Gap between holes]: Specify second point (2) 13 In the Screw Assembly Location - Front View dialog box, click Next. 14 In the Screw Assembly Grip Representation - Front View dialog box, click Finish.
Save your file. Editing Screw Connections with Power Edit Rather than use different editing commands for different objects, you can use only one command, Power Edit, for editing all objects in a drawing with built-in intelligence. When you use Power Edit on a screw connection, the whole assembly can be edited and is updated in your drawing with an automatic background update. Change the screw connections to the appropriate length.
4 On the Templates page, double-click the ISO 10642 screw template in the list, or select it and click the Load the template icon. The Screw Connection New Part Front View - Front View dialog box contains the screw connection as it has been stored in the template. 5 Select the size M4, and then click Next.
6 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify insertion point of first hole: Press ENTER Specify endpoint of first hole [Gap between holes]: Press ENTER 7 In the Screw Connection New Part Front View - Front View dialog box, Location representation, click Next. 8 In he Screw Connection New Part Front View - Front View dialog box, Grip representation, click Finish.
Save your file. Working with Power View With Power View, you can quickly generate a top or bottom view of a side view of a standard part and vice versa. Before you complete the top view of the coverplate, you have to zoom into it. To zoom to the cover plate 1 Zoom to the extents of the drawing. On the command line, enter ZOOM 2 Respond to the prompts as follows: [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] : Enter E, press ENTER 3 Zoom in to the coverplate.
[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] : Enter W, press ENTER Specify first corner: Specify first corner point (1) Specify opposite corner: Specify second corner point (2) Use Power View to insert the screws into the top view of the coverplate. To insert a standard part using Power View 1 Start the Power View command. On the command line, enter AMPOWERVIEW.
3 Click Top, and respond to the prompt as follows: Specify insertion point: Specify the centerline cross at top view (2) The top view of the screw connection is inserted into the top view of the coverplate. Your drawing should look like this: 4 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to insert the top view of the screw at the other three centerline crosses of the top view of the coverplate.
Save your file. Deleting with Power Erase Power Erase is an intelligent erase command. It detects the object information of a part. If you delete a screw connection with Power Erase, the representation of the background is automatically corrected. Before you delete the standard part, you have to zoom into it. To zoom to the standard part to delete 1 Zoom to the extents of the drawing.
Delete a screw using the Power Erase command. To delete a standard part 1 Start the Power Erase command. On the command line, enter AMPOWERERASE.
The screw connection is deleted and the lines and hatch are restored. Save your file. Inserting Holes Replace the previously deleted screw connection with a pin. First you insert a blind hole for the pin.
To insert a hole 1 Start the Blind Hole command. On the command line, enter AMBHOLE2D. 2 In the Select a Blind Hole dialog box, select Acc. to ISO 273, and Front View.
4 In the Acc. to ISO 273 - Nominal Diameter dialog box, select a size of 5, and then click Finish. 5 Continue to respond to the prompts as follows: Drag Size: Enter 20, press ENTER The blind hole is inserted.
Save your file. Inserting Pins Insert a pin into the blind hole. To insert a pin 1 Start the Cylindrical Pins command. On the command line, enter AMCYLPIN2D. 2 In the Select a Cylindrical Pin dialog box, select ISO 2338 and Front View.
3 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify insertion point: Specify insertion point (1) Specify rotation angle <0>: Specify a point to define insertion angle (2) 4 In the ISO 2338 - Nominal Diameter dialog box, select a size of 5.
5 Click Finish, and then continue to respond to the prompt as follows: Drag Size: Drag the pin to size 5 h8 x 16 - B, and then click NOTE Turn the object snap (OSNAP) option off to snap to the correct pin size. 6 In the Select Part Size dialog box, select 5 h8 x 16 - B, and then Click OK. You inserted the blind hole first, and then the pin. This results in overlapping centerlines. In order to have a correct plot, turn one centerline off.
2 Right-click, and on the shortcut menu deactivate Centerlines on/off. With the centerline of the pin turned off, only the centerline of the blind hole is displayed. Save your file. Turning Off Centerlines in Configurations If your drawing already contains holes with centerlines, and you want to add standard parts, it is recommended to turn off the centerlines for standard parts in the configuration. This avoids removing overlapped centerlines.
Save your file. Simplifying Representations of Standard Parts In some cases, such as in complex assemblies, it is helpful to have a simplified representation of the standard parts for a better overview. With AutoCAD Mechanical, you can switch between different representation types without losing object or part information. Change the representation of the differential gear screws. To change the representation of a standard part 1 Start the Change Representation command.
3 In the Switch Representation of Standard Parts dialog box, select Symbolic. Click OK. The representation of the selected standard parts is symbolic.
All of the standard parts you inserted in this exercise are listed in the mechanical browser. Save your file. This is the end of this tutorial chapter.
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Working with BOMs and Parts Lists 10 In AutoCAD® Mechanical, you can create parts lists and bills of material (BOMs), and modify part references and balloons. In this chapter, you insert and edit a parts list, and work with the bill of material (BOM) database. Key Terms Term Definition balloon Circular annotation tag that identifies a bill of material item in a drawing. The number in the balloon corresponds with the number of the part in the bill of material.
Term Definition parts list A dynamic list of parts and associated attributes generated from a bill of material database. The parts list automatically reflects additions and subtractions of parts from an assembly. Working with Parts Lists The drawing used for this exercise is not structured. In structured drawings, BOMs and parts list are generated automatically, and it is not necessary to insert part references manually. Open the initial drawing.
Save your file under a different name or to a different directory to preserve the original tutorial file. Inserting Part References Part references contain the part information required for a bill of material. The information in a part reference is available in the BOM database for creating a parts list. Use the part reference command to enter part information for your part. To insert a part reference 1 Start the Part Reference command. On the command line, enter AMPARTREF.
Click OK. The Part Reference is inserted into the drawing. In the next step, you create a part reference by reference. To insert a part reference by reference 1 Start the Part reference command again. On the command line, enter AMPARTREF. 2 Respond to the prompts as follows: Select point or [Block/Copy/Reference]: Enter R at the command prompt to select Reference. 3 In the drawing, select the previously inserted part reference to create a reference.
5 Select point or: Specify the insertion point at the circular edge (2) 6 In the Part Reference dialog box, click OK. NOTE This part reference looks different, because it has been attached to an object (the circular edge) of the part. Subsequently, when you generate the parts list, it shows a quantity of 2 for this item. Save your file. Editing Part References In this exercise, you edit an existing part reference. To edit a Part Reference 1 Start the Part Reference Edit command.
Enter an option [Next/Accept]: Press ENTER 3 In the Part Reference dialog box, Reference Quantity field, enter 3, and then click OK. 4 Zoom to the extents to display the entire drawing. Save your file.
Placing Balloons Create balloons from the part references in the drawing. To place a balloon 1 Start the Balloon command. On the command line, enter AMBALLOON. 2 Respond to the prompt as follows: Select part/assembly or [auTo/autoAll/set Bom/Collect/arrow Inset/Manual/One/Renumber/rEorganize/annotation View]: Enter B NOTE At this stage the drawing doesn’t contain a BOM database. As with the AMPARTLIST command, the AMBALLOON command creates a BOM database automatically.
3 Place the balloons horizontally, above the assembly. Because the balloons are numbered automatically, depending on where you located the part references, the appearance of your drawing can be different. In the next step, you must renumber the balloons. To renumber balloons 1 Start the Balloon command again.
Rearrange the balloons for a better representation. To rearrange balloons. 1 Start the Balloon command again. On the command line, enter AMBALLOON.
The result must look like the following image: NOTE You can control snap distance within the Balloon Properties dialog box. Create a part reference and a balloon in one step with the manual option. To create a part reference and a balloon using the manual option 1 Start the Balloon command again. On the command line, enter AMBALLOON.
Description: Shaft Standard: Size Dia 50x150 Material: C45 Click OK. 4 Press ENTER to start the leader line of the balloon in the center of the part reference. 5 Move the cursor through the center of balloon 1 to get the tracking line and the snap distance, and then click the insertion point. NOTE Instead of entering the insertion point, you can select another point to create an extended leader line.
6 Press ENTER. Save your file. Creating Parts Lists Generate a parts list from the part reference information. To create a parts list 1 Start the Parts List command. On the command line, enter AMPARTLIST. 2 Respond to the prompt as follows: Select border/annotation view or specify BOM to create/use [Main/?] : Move the cursor over the border until tooltip ISO_A2 is displayed, click the highlighted border The Parts List dialog box is displayed.
Click OK. The parts list appears dynamically on the cursor. 3 Move the cursor to position the parts lists above the title block, and then click to insert the parts list.
NOTE ■ Because the balloons were originally numbered automatically, depending on where you located the part references, the order that parts are listed can be different in your drawing. ■ If a drawing contains more than one border, the borders are listed in the BOM dialog box. From there you can select a particular border and view the associated parts list. In the next exercise, you edit balloon and parts list information using several methods.
Click OK. The parts list reflects the material value you added. NOTE Choose Apply to see the results in the drawing immediately without leaving the dialog box. All changes made in the dialog box are associative and change the data in the drawing immediately. 4 Double-click the parts list. The Parts List dialog box is displayed.
You can edit your data in this dialog box. Some examples are shown next. 5 Select the Hex Nut entry, and then choose the Set values icon.
6 In the Set Value dialog box, specify: Column: Material Value: 8 Creating Parts Lists | 221
Click OK. The material value is added to the Parts List. 7 Now, change the material of the second bolt and nut accordingly. NOTE Use the shortcut menu inside a field to cut, copy, and paste. Merging and Splitting Items In Parts Lists Use the Parts List function to merge like items that are listed repeatedly.
To merge items in a parts list 1 In the Parts List dialog box, select the repeated items -Needle Roller Bearing. Click the row heading (the button in the left most column) of item 1 and with the CTRL key pressed click the row heading of item 6. 2 Click the Merge Items toolbar button. The two rows are merged. In the Parts List dialog box, Item 6 now has a quantity of 2, and item 1 is missing. You can select several rows to merge or split items.
If you click the Split item button with the Needle Roller Bearing row selected, the previously merged items can be split to become two separate items once again. We however, will not do it now, because in the next exercise we replace the two separate balloons with a single balloon that points to both Needle Roller Bearings. Click OK to exit the Parts List dialog box. To delete a balloon 1 Use Power Erase, and select the left balloon with the item number 1 (or 6, as the case may be).
NOTE Deleting a balloon in the drawing doesn't delete any data. Data is lost only if you delete a part reference. You can add more than one balloon to a part reference. For example, you can create a balloon with the same item number for the same part in another view. To add an additional leader 1 Select the remaining balloon 1. 2 Right-click to display the shortcut menu.
2 Respond to the prompt as follows: Select part/assembly or [auTo/autoAll/set Bom/Collect/arrow Inset/Manual/One/Renumber/rEorganize/annotation View]: Enter C, press ENTER 3 Continue to respond to the prompts as follows: Select pick object or balloon: Select the part reference of the left nut 4 Continue to respond to the prompts as follows: Select pick object or balloon: Press ENTER Select balloon: Select balloon 2 Pick orientation: Select a vertical orientation 5 Repeat the collect balloon command for t
Sorting and Renumbering Items In Parts Lists You can sort a parts list for manufacturing and sort standard parts with updated item numbers. To sort a parts list 1 Zoom to the extents of the drawing. 2 Double-click the parts list to display the Parts List dialog box. 3 Choose the Sort icon. The Sort dialog box opens. NOTE You can sort within a selection set, otherwise you are sorting all items.
4 In the Sort dialog box, specify as shown in the following image. Click OK. The result should look like this: In the next step, you renumber the items. To renumber parts list items 1 Click the column heading for the Item column.
2 Click the Set values button.
4 Click OK to return to the Parts List dialog box. 5 Choose Apply to see the results. The result should look like the following. 6 Choose OK to return to the drawing.
Save your file. Using Filters You can create and use one or more filters for every parts list you have inserted in the drawing. To use filters in a parts list 1 Double-click the parts list to display the Parts List dialog box. 2 Right-click the blank list in the Filters and groups section. 3 Select Add Filter to display the List of Filters dialog box.
4 Select Custom and click OK. The details for this filter are displayed in the Filter and groups section of the Parts List dialog box. 5 Set the following values to define the filter.
6 Activate the filter with the Custom check box. 7 Select the check box next to Custom and click Apply. The Standards that contain ISO are displayed. The filtered parts list is displayed in the drawing. The defined filters are saved with the parts list and can be used again later. To print only the filtered list, choose the Print icon. 8 Deactivate the custom filter, and then click OK to close the dialog box. The filter is used in this drawing.
Save your file. This is the end of this tutorial chapter.
Creating Shafts with Standard Parts 11 In this tutorial, you work with the automated shaft generator and standard parts in AutoCAD® Mechanical to create and edit a shaft, and insert bearings. The standard parts you use are automatically structured in the mechanical browser. Key Terms Term Definition bearing calculation Calculates limiting value, dynamic and static load rating, dynamic and static equivalent load, and fatigue life in revolutions and hours.
Term Definition gear Any of several arrangements, especially of toothed wheels in a machine, which allow power to be passed from one part to another to control the power, speed, or direction of movement. radius reflection line Thin line that represents the radius in the side or top view. shaft break Interruption of a shaft. A shaft can be interrupted at a point, and the shaft break symbols are inserted in a suitable size. shaft generator Tool to draw rotationally symmetrical parts.
This creates a new drawing based on the am_iso template. Use Save As to save the drawing file with an appropriate name. NOTE The ISO standard part standard has to be installed for this tutorial exercise. Ensure that mechanical structure is enabled To enable mechanical structure 1 Click the STRUCT status bar button and latch it down to enable mechanical structure. 2 If the mechanical browser is not visible, on the command line, enter AMBROWSER. 3 When prompted, enter ON.
To configure the snap options 1 Start the Power Snap Settings. 2 In the Power Snap Settings dialog box, in the Power Snap Configuration list, select Settings 4 and specify: Snap Modes: Endpoint, Midpoint, Intersection Click OK Save your file. Configuring Shaft Generators In the next steps, you start and configure the shaft generator. To start and configure the shaft generator 1 Start the Shaft Generator command. On the command line, enter AMSHAFT2D.
NOTE The start and endpoints of the centerline are only important in determining the direction. The length of the centerline is automatically adapted to the length of the shaft. 3 In the Shaft Generator dialog box, click Options.
Click OK. You return to the Shaft Generator dialog box. Creating Cylindrical Shaft Sections and Gears The shaft generator is configured. Now you want to generate the first shaft segments. Verify that the Outer Contour tab is selected.
NOTE Here, the DIN standard requires that you indicate the module. The ANSI standard requires the Diametral Pitch 1/module. You can switch between these two representations using the DIN and ANSI options. 3 Close the Shaft Generator dialog box. In the mechanical structure browser, the shaft is added as a component. Add an assembly to structure the shaft components you create in this exercise.
components to the shaft, they are automatically structured in the assembly. Return to the shaft generator. Double-click the left shaft segment in the drawing and then press ESC.
5 Click the lower cylinder button to define another cylinder section, and then respond to the prompts as follows: Specify length <10>: Enter 4, press ENTER Specify diameter <20>: Enter 24, press ENTER 6 Click the lower cylinder button to define another cylinder section, and then respond to the prompts as follows: Specify length <4>: Enter 33, press ENTER Specify diameter <24>: Enter 20, press ENTER The first five sections of the shaft are created, as represented in the following figure: Creating Cylind
Inserting Spline Profiles Add a spline profile to the shaft. To create a profiled segment 1 Click the Profile button. 2 In the Profile dialog box, click ISO 14 in the Details panel. 3 In the Splined Shaft ISO 14 dialog box, select the standard size 6 x 13 x 16 and enter a length of 26. Click OK.
Inserting Chamfers and Fillets Apply a chamfer and a fillet to the shaft. To apply a chamfer and a fillet 1 Click the Chamfer button to apply a chamfer to a shaft section, and then respond to the prompts as follows: Select object: Select the leftmost cylinder section (1) Specify length (max. 12) <2.
NOTE The fillet is applied to the edge of the selected section that is closer to the selected point. The shaft looks like the following figure: Inserting Shaft Breaks Insert a shaft break in the drawing. To insert a shaft break ■ Click the Break button to insert a shaft break, and then respond to the prompts as follows: Specify point: Select the midpoint of the cylindrical section (1) Specify length (min. 4.
Creating Side Views of Shafts Insert a side view of the shaft. To insert a side view 1 Click the Side view button. 2 In the Side view from dialog box, select Right. Click OK. 3 Respond to the prompt as follows: Specify insertion point: Press ENTER The right side view is inserted at the proposed position. In the mechanical browser, the new right side view is listed within the shaft component along with the existing front view. The right side view includes its hide situations.
Inserting Threads on Shafts Add a thread to the shaft. To insert a thread on a shaft 1 Click the Thread button to insert a thread, and then select ISO 261 External from the Details panel. 2 In the ISO 261 ExternalThreads (Regular Thread) dialog box, select M10 and enter a length of 20. Click OK. The thread is added to the shaft, which looks like this: NOTE If Always Update is unchecked in Options, AM:Shaft tab, you are prompted to update associated views when you close the Shaft Generator.
Editing Shafts and Inserting Sections Edit an existing shaft section and insert a new section. You use the Edit button in the shaft generator to turn on AMPOWEREDIT. To edit and insert a shaft section 1 Click the Edit button, and then respond to the prompts as follows: Select object: Select the first cylindrical section (1) Specify length <12>: Press ENTER Specify diameter <20>: Enter 18, press ENTER The diameter is changed to 18 while the length remains 12.
Specify diameter at endpoint or [Slope/Angle] <20>: Enter 22, press ENTER Replacing Shaft Sections The previously inserted slope needs to be deleted again. To replace a shaft section 1 Click the Undo button. The previous slope insertion is undone. Replace an existing shaft section. To do this, change the settings in the configuration.
Click OK. 3 Click the Slope button, and then respond to the prompt as follows: Specify length or [Dialog] <4>: Enter D, press ENTER 4 In the Shaft Generator - Cone dialog box, specify the following settings. Click OK. The slope replaces the cylindrical shaft section.
Inserting Bearings Insert a bearing and perform a bearing calculation. To insert a bearing 1 Click the Standard Parts button, and then select Roller Bearings ➤ Radial ➤ ISO 355. Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify insertion point on shaft contour: Specify insertion point (1) Direction to [Left]: Select a point to the right (2) 2 In the ISO 355 dialog box, click Next.
3 Specify the loads, and activate Work Hours as shown in the following. Click Next. 4 In the ISO 355 dialog box, select the bearing 2BD - 20 x 37 x 12, and then click Finish.
You can drag the cursor to see all available bearing sizes. 5 Drag to the size 2BD - 20 x 37 x 12, and then press ENTER. 6 In the Create Hide Situation dialog box, click OK. The bearing is inserted. 7 Close the Shaft Generator dialog box. In the mechanical structure browser, the roller bearing component is added to the assembly.
Save your file. This is the end of this tutorial chapter.
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Engineering Calculations The tutorials in this section teach you how to calculate moments of inertia and deflection lines, create and calculate chains, springs and cams. The drawing files for each lesson can be found in the Acadm/tutorial/ folder of the AutoCAD® Mechanical installation folder. These drawing files provide design elements that help you understand several AutoCAD Mechanical concepts.
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Calculating Shafts 12 In this tutorial, you use the shaft generator in AutoCAD® Mechanical to perform a calculation on an existing shaft, and apply various loads to a supported shaft. Then you insert the results into a drawing. Key Terms Term Definition deflection line A curve representing the vertical displacement of different points along the member subjected to a load.
Term Definition notch A change of cross section, such as an undercut, groove, hole or shoulder. A notch leads to higher stress in the part. The flux of the stress is interrupted or redirected. point force A force that is concentrated on a point. strength A summary term for all forces and moments, thus loads and stress, which act on a part. stress Force or pressure on a part. Stress is the force per unit area.
The drawing contains a shaft in front and side view. 2 Zoom in to the shaft.
4 In the AutoCAD Question dialog box, click Yes. 5 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify contour position: Press ENTER NOTE The calculation routine recognizes hollow shafts and uses the contour for the calculation. After you create the shaft contour, the Shaft Calculation dialog box is displayed so that you can select the boundary conditions, the material, and the representation of the calculation results.
2 In the Material Properties dialog box, click Table. 3 In the Details panel of the Material Dialog box, click ANSI Material. 4 In the Material dialog box, select the material Steel SAE 1045 from the table. Click OK. NOTE If the ANSI standard is not installed on your system, you can select a different standard, but the results may differ from the results in this tutorial. For example, if you select DIN, you can select a similar material, like E335, to achieve similar results.
Click OK. Placing Shaft Supports Specify the shaft supports.
Specifying Loads on Shafts Specify the effective loads. AutoCAD Mechanical uses geometry from the drawing for load calculations. The loads depend on the Calculated Part setting. There are three possibilities: Rotating Shaft, Rotating Axle, and Not rotating Axle. Shafts transfer torque and rotating axles results in different stress values than static axles results. To specify a load 1 From the Calculated Part drop-down list, click Rotating Shaft.
Click OK. NOTE The Components tab displays the force components. Changes in one tab are automatically reflected in the other tab.
Click OK. 6 Click the Torque icon, and then respond to the prompt as follows: Specify insertion point: Select the midpoint of the profile section 7 In the Torque dialog box, specify: Torque: Mt=: 15 Click OK.
All boundary conditions necessary for a shaft calculation are specified. Calculating and Inserting Results Perform a calculation of the moments and deformations, and insert the results in your drawing. To perform a shaft calculation 1 In the Shaft Calculation dialog box, click the Moments and Deformations button.
Your drawing looks like this: The result block provides the most important information about your calculated shaft, such as the maximum stress deflection and moment values.
5 Close the Shaft Calculation dialog box. Save your file. Calculating Strengths of Shafts Check the strength at a critical place of the shaft, such as at a notch. To calculate the strength at a notch 1 Restart the Shaft Calculation. On the command line, enter AMSHAFTCALC 2 Respond to the prompt as follows: Select contour or [Create contour/Strength] : Select the shaft contour The Shaft Calculation dialog box opens. Continue with calculations on the previously specified shaft.
3 In the Shaft Calculation dialog box, click the Strength button, and then respond to the prompt as follows: Specify calculation position on shaft or [Graph]: Specify the notch at the end of the conical section (1) (do not select the endpoint of the cylindrical shaft section) NOTE This notch was selected because the calculation established that the highest bending stress is close to this place. The Strength Calculation dialog box opens.
Click OK. 4 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify next point : Specify a point below the shaft Specify next point : Press ENTER The result block is inserted in the drawing.
The safety factors are greater than 1.0, so the shaft does not need to be redesigned at this notch. 5 Close the Shaft Calculation dialog box. Save your file. This is the end of this tutorial chapter.
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Calculating Moments of Inertia and Deflection Lines 13 Many engineering calculations are automated in AutoCAD® Mechanical. This tutorial illustrates how you calculate the moment of inertia for a profile section, and calculate the deflection line on a beam based on the profile calculation.
Term Definition moment of inertia An important property of areas and solid bodies. Standard formulas are derived by multiplying elementary particles of area and mass by the squares of their distances from reference axes. Moments of inertia, therefore, depend on the location of reference axes. movable support A support that prevents rotation in all axes, but allows translation along one axis. point force A force that is concentrated on a point.
■ Windows®XP: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Shared Documents\Autodesk\ACADM 2009\Acadm\Tutorial The drawing contains this profile: Save your file under a different name or directory to preserve the original tutorial file. Calculating Moments of Inertia In order to perform any calculations on a profile, you need to know its moment of inertia. To calculate the moment of inertia 1 Start the calculation for the moment of inertia. On the command line, enter AMINERTIA.
Axis angle for major moment (I1): 5.3 Define the direction of the loads. They must be in one plane. 3 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify direction of load forces (must all lie in one plane): Enter 270, press ENTER The data for this load direction is displayed on the command line, as follows: Effective moment of inertia for this load direction: 2.341e+004 Angle of deflection: 266.5 Maximum distances neutral line - border: Extension side: 16.690 Compression side: 14.
A side view of the profile has been created for the deflection line. 5 Zoom to the extents of the drawing. Save your file. Calculating Deflection Lines The calculation of the deflection line requires the calculation result from the moment of inertia calculation. Calculate the deflection line under a specific load situation. To calculate the deflection line 1 Start the deflection line calculation. On the command line, enter AMDEFLINE.
4 In the Select Standard for Material dialog box, select ANSI Material. 5 In the Material Type dialog box, select ANSI standard and the material Al. Bronze Cast. NOTE If you have not installed ANSI standard, selecting a different standard according to your preference is also possible, but the results will differ from the results in this tutorial exercise. For example, if you select DIN, you can select a similar material, like AlMgSi0.5F22, to achieve similar results. Click OK.
NOTE The support can only be placed along the beam.
10 In the Beam Calculation dialog box, click Moments and Deflection. 11 In the Select Graph dialog box, select the options as shown in the following figure, and then Click OK. 12 Respond to the prompts as follows: Enter scale for bending moment line (drawing unit:Nm)<1:1.3913>: Press ENTER Enter scale for deflection (drawing unit:mm)<37.
The calculation result block displays all important data on your calculation: Save your file. This is the end of this tutorial chapter.
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Calculating Chains 14 In this AutoCAD® Mechanical tutorial, you calculate a chain length, and insert sprockets and chain links into a drawing. Key Terms Term Definition partition Distance in mm or inches between centers of adjacent joint members. Other dimensions are proportional to the pitch. Also known as pitch. pitch diameter The diameter of the pitch circle that passes through the centers of the link pins as the chain is wrapped on the sprocket.
Before you begin this tutorial... This tutorial requires the mechanical browser. If the mechanical browser is not visible: 1 Enter AMBROWSER on the command line and press ENTER. 2 When prompted, enter ON and press ENTER. To load the tutorial drawing 1 Open the file tut_chain.dwg in the Tutorial folder at: ■ Windows Vista™: C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\Autodesk\ACADM 2009\Acadm\Tutorial ■ Windows®XP: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Shared Documents\Autodesk\ACADM 2009\Acadm\Tutorial 2 Save your f
Performing Length Calculations To calculate the required length of the chain 1 Start the Length Calculation command. On the command line, enter AMCHAINLENGTHCAL. 2 In the Belt and Chain Length Calculation dialog box, click Library.
3 In the Select a Chain dialog box, in the Details panel, select ISO 606 metric. 4 In the Select Part Size dialog box, specify: Standard: ISO 606 - 05B - 1 Click OK.
Specify 2nd point for tangent: Select circle c (2) Specify 1st point for tangent or [Undo] : Select circle c (3) Specify 2nd point for tangent: Select circle b (4) Specify 1st point for tangent or [Undo] : Select circle b (5) Specify 2nd point for tangent: Select circle a (6) Specify 1st point for tangent or [Undo] : Press ENTER The tangent definition is finished, and the length of the chain is calculated.
NOTE You can view the results by resizing the command line or opening the AutoCAD® Text Window using F2. The chain arrangement has to be optimized to a length that is a multiple of the chain division. Save your file. Optimizing Chain Lengths To optimize the chain length 1 Start the Length Calculation command.
Click OK. 3 Respond to the prompts as follows: Select pulleys or sprockets to be moved. Select objects: Select the relocated circle b Select objects: Press ENTER Specify direction angle to move: Enter 90, press ENTER Sprocket b is moved until a chain length of 122 links is achieved. 4 In the Belt and Chain Length Calculation dialog box, Click OK. Close the dialog box by clicking Cancel. Your drawing looks like this: Save your file.
Specify rotation angle < 0 >: Enter 360, press ENTER 3 In the Sprockets - Size Selection dialog box, select ISO 606 05B-1, and then click Next. 4 In the Sprockets - Geometry dialog box, specify: Geometry of Sprocket: Number of teeth: 21 Number of Visible Teeth: 21 Shaft Diameter: 10 Click Finish. The sprocket is inserted into the drawing, and the Create Hide Situation is displayed. 5 In the Hide Situation dialog box, click OK.
A hide situation is created. Insert the next two sprockets. 6 Start the Draw Sprocket/Pulley command again. On the command line, enter AMSPROCKET. 7 In the Select Pulley and Sprocket dialog box, Buttons tab, click Sprockets Front view. Respond to the prompts: Specify insertion point: Select the center of circle b Specify rotation angle < 0 >: Enter 360, press ENTER 8 In the Sprockets - Size Selection dialog box, select ISO 606 05B-1, and then click Next.
Click Finish. 10 In the Create Hide Situation dialog box, click OK. A hide situation is created, and is listed in the mechanical browser. The sprocket is inserted into the drawing. Create the next sprocket. 11 Start the Draw Sprocket/Pulley command again. On the command line, enter AMSPROCKET and press ENTER. 12 In the Select Pulley and Sprocket dialog box, Details panel, click Sprockets ➤ Front view.
Click Finish. 15 In the Create Hide Situation dialog box, click OK. A hide situation is created, and is listed in the mechanical browser. The last sprocket is inserted as a simplified representation with only three teeth, as specified in the dialog box. Your drawing looks like this: Save your file.
Inserting Chains To insert a chain 1 Start the Draw Chain/Belt Links command. On the command line, enter AMCHAINDRAW. 2 In the Select Belt and Chain dialog box, Details panel, click Chains. Respond to the prompts: Select polyline: Select the polyline near point 9 Select starting point on polyline: Select a point on the polyline 3 In the Select a Chain dialog box, select ISO 606 Metric. 4 In the Chains - Size Selection dialog box, select ISO 606 05B - 1, and then click Next.
7 In the Hide Situation dialog box, click OK. The chain is inserted into the drawing, and a hide situation is created. Your drawing looks like this: The mechanical browser reflects the standard components you created in the drawing. Save your file. This is the end of this tutorial chapter.
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Calculating Springs 15 In this tutorial, you calculate a spring for existing boundary conditions and insert the spring into a drawing. You copy and edit the spring using the Power Copy and Power Edit commands in AutoCAD® Mechanical. Key Terms Term Definition Belleville spring washer A washer-type spring that can sustain relatively large loads with small deflections. The loads and deflections can be increased by stacking the springs.
Term Definition Power Edit A single edit command for all objects in a drawing. torsion spring A spring type that can absorb torque forces. Calculating Springs With the AutoCAD Mechanical spring function, you can insert compression, extension, and torsion springs, as well as Belleville spring washers. The calculation is carried out in accordance with DIN 2098 or ANSI. The standard sizes of the springs can be selected from various standard catalogs.
The drawing shows two views (A and B) of the lever and spring housing, to reflect two different states of compression. Save your file under a different name or to a different directory to preserve the original tutorial file. Starting Spring Calculations Specify the spring and the location. To specify a spring 1 Start the Compression Spring command. On the command line, enter AMCOMP2D. 2 In the Select Compression Spring dialog box, click Standards ➤ SPEC® Catalog A ➤ Front View.
3 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify starting point: Specify the starting point (1) Specify direction: Specify endpoint (2) Specifying Spring Restrictions Specify the spring restrictions. Use the Compression Springs dialog box to restrict the spring selection in various ways.
To specify the spring restrictions 1 In the Compression Springs - Select from Table SPEC® Catalog A [mm] dialog box, specify: Specification: 2 Loads, 2 Lengths Absolute Set: Lengths Click the Da button. A row for specifying the outer diameter Da is added to the restrictions table. 2 Click the value field for the diameter Da. You can pick a point on the inner spring housing to specify the diameter, or enter a value. In this instance, enter the value 15. Define the initial spring length.
4 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify point for spring length L1: Select a point on the spring pressure plate (1) Use view B of the lever and spring housing to define the compressed spring length. 5 In the Compression Springs dialog box, click the value field for the length L2, and then choose the pick icon.
6 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify point for spring length L2: Select a point on the spring pressure plate in view B (1) The geometric boundary conditions are defined, and you can proceed with the calculation. Calculating and Selecting Springs Make the calculation settings and calculate the possible springs.
To calculate and select a spring 1 In the Compression Springs - Select from Tables SPEC® Catalog A [mm] dialog box, choose the Additional Calculation Settings button. 2 In the Compression Springs - Additional Calculation [ANSI] dialog, select the left buckling case, and then Click OK. 3 In the Compression Springs - Select from Tables SPEC® Catalog A [mm] dialog box, choose Next.
The possible springs are calculated and the results are displayed in the Compression Springs - Select from Tables SPEC® Catalog A [mm] dialog box. 4 Choose Select All to select all possible springs for the dynamic dragging process.
Choose Finish. Inserting Springs Drag the cursor dynamically to switch between the selected possible springs. The outline of the spring is displayed in the drawing and the spring description is displayed in the tooltip. To insert a spring 1 Drag the cursor until the tooltip reads SPEC - 1.6 x 14.1 x 36, and then click. 2 Respond to the prompts as follows: Topical Length (14.28 - 36) [Force/Deflection] <32.
Save your file. Creating Views of Springs with Power View In order to adjust the length of the spring in view B, the springs in the two views need to be different components rather than instances of the same component. Use the previously inserted spring in view A to create a spring for view B, using the Power View command. To create a view of a spring with Power View 1 Start the Power View command. On the command line, enter AMPOWERVIEW.
4 Respond to the prompts: Specify starting point: Select point (1) in view B Specify direction: Select point (2) in view B Topical Length (14.28 - 36)[Force/Deflection]<32.01>: Select the lower contact point of the compressed spring Select rod (only closed contours) : Press ENTER The spring is copied into view B in its compressed length. Save your file. This is the end of this tutorial chapter.
Calculating Screw Connections 16 In this tutorial, you calculate a screw connection using the stand-alone screw calculation function in AutoCAD® Mechanical. Key Terms Term Definition axial force A force parallel to the screw axis. contact area The touching surfaces of the plates, which are effective for the calculation. safety factor The safety factor is the ratio of effective load and safe load. shear force A force perpendicular to the screw axis.
■ Calculation of an existing screw connection: The user selects an existing screw connection to be calculated. All geometric and standard-related data is taken from the screw connection and cannot be edited. In this exercise, you use the stand-alone Screw Calculation. With the standalone calculation, you can calculate a screw connection without any prerequisites. You can specify the screw connection in detail (material, geometry, load, settlement and tightening properties).
■ The bolts are safeguarded against loosening by gluing the threads ( = 0.14). The tightening takes place manually using a torque wrench (k = 1.8). ■ The flanged connection is to be designed for a alternating torque of T = 2405 Nm and non-skid (seal safety of plates 1). Using Stand Alone Screw Calculations To start the Screw Calculation 1 Start the Screw Calculation command. On the command line, enter AMSCREWCALC.
2 In the Select a Screw dialog box, in the Details panel, click Hex Head Types, and then click ISO 4017 (Regular Thread). 3 In the Select a Row dialog box, choose the standard M12x45. Click OK. The geometric values of the standard screw ISO 4017 M12x45 are entered. Specify the property class.
Property class: DIN 10.9 The screw is specified completely. Specify the nut. 5 Click Next or the Definition of NUT icon in the top row to proceed. Selecting and Specifying Nuts In the Definition of NUT section of the screw calculation, you can select a nut standard and size. To specify a nut 1 On the Nut tab, click Table of Nuts.
2 In the Select a Nut dialog box, in the Details pane, click Hex Nuts and then, ISO 4032 (Regular Thread). You do not need to specify a size, because the size is determined by the screw size. Specify the washers. 3 Click Next. Selecting and Specifying Washers In the Definition of WASHERS section of the screw calculation, you can select the washer standard and size and the positions of the washers. To specify a washer 1 On the Washer under: Head 1 tab, clear the Washer check box.
2 Click the Nut 1 tab, and then click the Table of Washers button. 3 In the Select a Washer dialog box, choose ISO 7091. Specify the plates. 4 Click Next. Specifying Plate Geometry and Properties In the Definition of PLATES section of the screw calculation, you can select plate materials and their geometric properties.
2 Click any of the Table buttons. 3 In the Please Select a Part dialog box, in the Details panel, click DIN material. 4 Choose the material Cq 45, and then Click OK. 5 Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the other Table button. Specify the contact area. 6 On the Gaps and Chamfers tab, click the pick button of the value gr.
The value for gr is changed to 17, as shown in the illustration. 8 Click Next.
Specifying Contact Areas In the Definition of CONTACT AREA section of the screw calculation, you can specify the geometric properties of the contact area. To specify the contact area 1 On the Contact Area tab, click the Type button. 2 In the Select the Type of Contact Area dialog box, click the third button from the left. 3 Select the User Changes check box. 4 In the entry field, specify: ang: 22.
5 For the outer radius ro, click the pick button next to the entry field and respond to the prompts as follows: Specify first point: Select the point (1) Second point: Select the point (2) 6 For the inner radius ri, click the pick button next to the entry field and respond to the prompts as follows: Specify first point: Select the point (1) Second point: Select the point (3) Specify the loads and moments. 7 Click Next.
Axial force: FB: 0 2 Click the Shear Loads tab and specify: Torsion Moment T =: 185[Nm] Radius R: 65 Coefficient of Friction: mt=: 0.14 NOTE The torsion moment of 185 Nm results from the total torsion moment of 2405 Nm as given in the terms of reference divided by the 13 bolts.
Specify the settlement. 3 Click Next. Specifying Settlement Properties In the Definition of SETTLEMENT section of the screw calculation, you can specify settlement properties. To specify the settlement 1 Click Calculate from Roughness and >= 1.6 micro m.
Specify the tightening. 2 Click Next. Specifying Tightening Properties In the Definition of TIGHTEN section of the screw calculation, you can specify the tightening method and properties. To specify the tightening 1 Specify as follows: Tightening Factor: kA=: 1.5 Coefficient of Friction: in Thread miG =: 0.
Insert the result block. 2 Click Next. Creating and Inserting Result Blocks In the Results section of the screw calculation, you can take a look at the results. You have a complete overview of the results of the screw calculation.
Insert the result block. To insert a result block ■ Click Finish and respond to the prompts as follows: Specify start point: Specify a point right of the screw connection Specify next point : Press ENTER The result block is inserted at the specified location. Save your file. This is the end of this tutorial chapter.
Calculating Stress Using FEA 17 In this tutorial, you calculate the stresses in a lever using the finite element analysis (FEA) in AutoCAD® Mechanical. You use the results to improve the design of the lever. Key Terms Term Definition distributed load A load or force that is exerted over a certain length. FEA Finite Element Analysis. A calculation routine based on analyzing a rigid body subject to loads and restraints for stress, strain, and deformation.
2D FEA To determine the stability and durability of a given structure under various loading situations, you need to observe the stress and deformation in the components while they are being loaded. A structure is considered to be durable if the maximum stress is less than what the material permits. There are various computational methods for calculating deformation and stress conditions. One of these methods is called the Finite Element Analysis.
Save your file under a different name or to a different directory to preserve the original tutorial file. To regenerate the drawing ■ Activate the REGENALL command The drawing is regenerated. Calculating Stress In Parts Before you calculate the stress in a part, specify the border conditions. To specify the border conditions 1 Activate the FEA calculation. On the command line, enter AMFEA2D.
The FEA 2D Calculation dialog box opens so that you can define border conditions and perform calculations. Select the thickness and the material of the lever. 3 In the Default section, specify a thickness of 10. 4 In the Material section, click Table. 5 In the Select Standard for Material dialog box, in the Details panel, click ANSI Material, and from the Select Material Type dialog box, select Al. Alloys Diecast.
To specify loads and supports 1 Click the fixed line support button, and respond to the prompts as follows: Specify insertion point : Specify point (1) Specify endpoint: Specify point (2) Specify side from endpoint: Specify a point above the contour 2 Click the movable line support button, and respond to the prompts as follows: Specify insertion point : Hold down SHIFT, right-click and click Quadrant, specify point (3) Specify endpoint: Press ENTER to define the startin
Specify a point to the right of the specified points Enter a new value <1000 N/mm>: Enter 500, press ENTER 4 Click the line force button again, and respond to the prompts as follows: Specify insertion point : Specify point (6) Specify endpoint: Specify point (7) Specify side from endpoint: Specify a point to the right of the specified points Enter a new value <1000 N/mm>: Enter 500, press ENTER Calculating Results Before you calculate the results, generate a mesh.
To calculate the results 1 In the Mesh section, click the mesh button, and then press ENTER to return to the dialog box. 2 In the Results section, click the isolines (isoareas) button. 3 In the FEA 2D Isolines (Isoareas) dialog box, select the Graphic -Representation button on the right. Click OK.
After calculation, the support forces are displayed near the support symbol. Evaluating and Refining Mesh The stress table allocation relative to the lever shows heavy concentration of local stress near drawing points 8 and 9. Refine the mesh near these points to obtain more exact calculation results for the points of interest.
Press ENTER to continue meshing : Press ENTER to return to the dialog box The mesh is refined at the specified points. Recalculate the stress representation. 2 Click the isolines (isoareas) button. 3 In the FEA 2D Isolines (Isoareas) dialog box, click the Graphic Representation button on the right.
Refining Designs The results show a critical area around point 8 that can be improved by applying a larger radius. Before changing the geometry, the results and solutions have to be deleted. To edit the geometry 1 Click the Delete Solution button. 2 In the AutoCAD Question dialog box, click Yes to delete the solutions and results. 3 In the AutoCAD Question dialog box, click No to keep the loads and supports.
7 Respond to the prompt: Select objects: Press ENTER to exit the command The radius of the fillet is changed to 10. 8 Zoom to the extents of the drawing. Save your file. Recalculating Stress Before recalculating the stress division of the lever, calculate and display the deformation. To calculate the stress 1 To restart the FEA routine, on the command line. enter AMFEA2D.
: Press ENTER to return to the dialog box The result looks like this: Recalculate the stress division of the lever. 1 Click the isolines (isoareas) button. 2 In the FEA 2D Isolines (Isoareas) dialog box, click the Graphic Representation button on the right.
Click OK. 3 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify base point : Press ENTER Specify insertion point: To the left of the part, select a location for the table : Press ENTER to return to the dialog box 4 Click Close to leave the FEA 2D - Calculation. The final result looks like this: NOTE You can return to the FEA 2D - Calculation using Power Edit. Save your file. This is the end of this tutorial chapter.
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Designing and Calculating Cams 18 In this tutorial you use the automated cam design and calculation functionality in AutoCAD® Mechanical to create a cam, perform calculations, and generate data for NC production. Key Terms Term Definition acceleration Rate of change in velocity. cam Types of gears for obtaining unusual and irregular motions that would be difficult to produce otherwise. curve path Geometric shape of the cam.
Term Definition resolution Controls the precision of curves. A low value increases computing time. Use a higher value for initial design. step width Graph of the speed of the straight driven element, or the rotation angle of a rocker and the cam plate angle of rotation. Designing and Calculating Cams With the cam design and calculation functionality in AutoCAD Mechanical, you can implement all motions required in the scope of process control with a minimum number of gear elements.
Starting Cam Designs and Calculations To start a cam design and calculation 1 Open the cam design and calculation tool. On the command line, enter AMCAM. Specify the cam type. 2 In the Cam Design and Calculation dialog box, on the Cam tab, specify: Type: Circular In the Type of Cam dialog box, click the center Circular icon and specify: Revolutions [1/min]: 100 Drawn: Select the check box Diameter of Body [mm]: 50 3 Click the Follower button.
5 In the Type of Follower dialog box, click the Swinging button. You are returned to the CAM Design and Calculation dialog box. Specify the following settings.
6 Click the Profile button, and define the profile. You can select between a power-contact profile (inner or outer) or a form-contact profile (both outer). Specify an inner profile, which requires a spring to keep contact. Specify the following settings. 7 Click the Location button. The dialog box is hidden so you can specify a location for the cam and the follower in the drawing.
The Cam Design and Calculation dialog box is opened again. Defining Motion Sections Define five motion sections to describe the cam. To specify motions 1 In the Cam Design and Calculation dialog box, click the Motions button, and then click the New button.
In the Select Method to Add New Segment dialog box, you can either insert or append a new motion section. 2 Click Append. Define the first motion section. 3 In the Motion - New mode dialog box, specify the following settings.
Click OK. The motion is inserted into the drawing and you are reverted back to the Cam Design and Calculation dialog. Define the next motions to describe the cam. 1 In the Cam Design and Calculation dialog box, Motion tab, click New. 2 In the Select Method to Add New Segment dialog box, click Append. 3 In the Motion - New mode dialog box, specify the following settings.
4 Click the Context of Follower movement button. 5 Click Dwell - Constant Velocity (second button from left). 6 In the Motion - New mode dialog box, specify the following settings.
Click OK. The next motion section has to be ‘Constant Velocity,’ since the motion section before is ‘Dwell - Constant Velocity’. 1 In the Cam Design and Calculation dialog box, Motion tab, click New. 2 In the Select Method to Add New Segment dialog box, click Append. 3 In the Motion - New mode dialog, specify the following settings. Position [deg] 150 -: 180 Elevation [deg] 5 -: 8 4 Click the Context of Follower movement button.
5 Click Constant Velocity (leftmost button). The routine recalculates the elevation and inserts the correct value, 10.73, in the Elevation box of the Motion New mode dialog box. Click OK. Define the next motion section. 1 In the Cam Design and Calculation dialog box, Motion tab, click New. 2 In the Select Method to Add New Segment dialog box, click Append. 3 In the Motion - New mode dialog box, specify the following settings. Position [deg] 180 -: 220 Elevation [deg] 10.
Click OK. Define the last motion section to complete the 360 degrees. 1 In the Cam Design and Calculation dialog box, Motion tab, click New. 2 In the Select Method to Add New Section dialog box, click Append. 3 In the Motion - New mode dialog, specify the following settings. Position [deg] 220 -: 360 Elevation [deg] 16-: 0 4 Click the Context of Follower movement button. The routine calculates the correct values for the end position.
Click OK. The definition of the motion section is complete, and all motion sections are displayed in the list. The definition of the geometry is finished. Calculating Strength for Springs To calculate the strength for the spring 1 In the Cam Design and Calculation dialog box, select the Strength check box, and then click the Strength button.
2 In the Cam Design and Calculation dialog box, Loads tab, specify: External Force [N] Fe =: 20 Reduced Mass of the Follower [kg] mf =: 0.1 Reduced Inert Mass [kg] mi =: 0.07 3 On the Spring tab, specify: Preload [N] F0 =: 10 Mass of Spring [kg] ms =: 0.
4 On the Material tab, you can specify the material for cam and roller. In this case, use the default material. 5 On the Arm tab, specify: Dimensions of Arm [mm] d =: 8 NOTE You can choose other types of cross sections for the arms. 6 Click Results, and then click Calculation.
The Calculation button gives you the results of your design. To optimize your design, you can choose to generate the correct size of the cam based on the pressure angle and the radius of curvature. To generate a cam design based on pressure angle and radius of curvature 1 Click the Calculation button.
Click Generate File. 2 In the Save As dialog box, specify a descriptive file name and a location. Click Save. The cam is completely designed and calculated. 3 To view the results, click Finish, and then respond to the prompt as follows: Specify insertion point of result table: Specify a location for the result table The table of results is inserted into the drawing.
Save your file. This is the end of the tutorial chapter.
Autodesk Inventor Link The tutorial in this section teaches you how to import an Autodesk® Inventor™ file and generate drawing views from them for documentation. The Autodesk Inventor assembly and part drawings required for this tutorial are available in the Acadm/tutorial/tut_bracket folder of the AutoCAD® Mechanical installation folder.
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Using Autodesk Inventor Link Support 19 In this chapter, you learn how to enable AutoCAD® Mechanical to create views and documentation for Autodesk® Inventor™ assemblies and parts. Key Terms Term Definition parametric dimensions A type of dimension associated with an Autodesk Inventor part model. Parametric dimensions control the size and positions of geometry. If the dimension value is changed, the size and position of the geometry adjusts to reflect the new value.
Term Definition template A file with predefined settings to use for new drawings. However, any drawing can be used as a template. title block A title block contains a series of attributes. Some already have values. The preassigned values can be modified, and the vacant attributes can be completed with new values. viewport A scaled view of the model defined in a layout. view scale The scale of the base drawing relative to the model scale. Also, the scale of dependent views relative to the base view.
3 In the Link Autodesk Inventor File dialog box, locate the Tut_Bracket\Bracket Components folder, within the folder containing tutorial files at: ■ Windows Vista™: C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\Autodesk\ACADM 2009\Acadm\Tutorial ■ Windows®XP: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Shared Documents\Autodesk\ACADM 2009\Acadm\Tutorial 4 Click Holder Bracket.ipt, then click Open. Shading and Rotating Geometry The commands to shade and rotate geometry are on the Mechanical Browser’s right-click menu.
To shade a part ■ Right-click the root node of the Mechanical Browser and click Shade. Use the 3D Orbit tool to rotate the part. To rotate a part 1 Right-click the root node of the Mechanical Browser and click 3D orbit. 2 Right-click in the drawing area again and select Other Navigation Modes ➤ Free Orbit. 3 Place the cursor in the appropriate location inside or on the Arcball. 4 Click and hold the left mouse button, then rotate the part to a position that resembles the following illustration.
Scale: 1:1 4 Choose OK. 5 In the Page Setup Manager dialog box, select Layout1, then click Modify.
Paper size: ANSI C (22.00 x 17.00 Inches) 7 Choose OK to exit the Page Setup Manager. 8 Click Close. 9 Respond to the prompt as follows: Specify insertion point: Enter -0.25,-0.75, press ENTER 10 In the Change Title Block Entry dialog box, click Next.
12 Choose OK. 13 In the Save Title Block Filename dialog box, verify the following settings: File Name: InventorPart.dwg File of Type: Drawing (*.dwg) 14 Choose Save. Creating Drawing Views You can create a variety of drawing view for a part. Any changes made to the part in Autodesk Inventor are automatically updated in the drawing views, when the .dwg file is updated. When you create a drawing view, the link reads parametric dimensions from the model and adds them to the view.
4 Choose OK. To create a base view 1 On the command line, enter AMDWGVIEW. 2 In the Create Drawing View dialog box, specify: View Type: Base Data Set: Select Layout: Layout1 Orientation: Back Scale: 2.
3 Choose OK.
The base view is placed in the lower-left corner of the drawing. Parametric dimensions extracted from the Inventor Part file are displayed. Create an orthogonal view from the base view. To create an orthogonal view type 1 On the command line, enter AMDWGVIEW.
3 Choose OK.
The view is placed in the upper-left corner of the drawing. Parametric dimensions read from the Autodesk Inventor part are displayed Working with Dimensions Some of the dimensions need rearranging, while a few may be redundant. You may also need to create dimensions for some entities. Dimensions you add yourself are called reference dimensions. If the part is modified in Autodesk Inventor, these dimensions automatically display the correct part size.
NOTE The dimension you deleted may have been entered as a sketch dimension originally, and extruded later resulting in the redundancy of dimensions. To move dimensions 1 Click the diameter dimension of 0.8800. Three grip points are displayed on the dimension. 2 Drag the middle grip outside the bracket, and click. The dimension should be displayed as shown in the following image.
3 You may want to rearrange all the dimensions to tidy up the drawing view. To add a hole note 1 Start the Leader note command. On the command line, enter AMNOTE.
In the orthogonal view, click the center of the hole in the middle (1), drag to a placement point (2), click and press ENTER The Note Symbol ANSI dialog box is displayed. 3 Click OK. The Hole Note is added. NOTE The note text is automatically generated with details extracted from the part file. To create a vertical reference dimension 1 Start the power dimensioning command. On the command line, enter AMPOWERDIM.
3 In the Power Dimensioning dialog box, click OK. 4 Press ENTER twice to exit the command. NOTE Parametric dimensions and reference dimensions are shown in different colors. To create a radial reference dimension 1 Start the power dimensioning command. On the command line, enter AMPOWERDIM.
3 In the Power Dimensioning dialog box, click OK. 4 Press ENTER twice to exit the command. Exporting Drawing Views to AutoCAD It is possible to export a drawing view of a linked drawing such that it can be viewed in AutoCAD® or AutoCAD® LT. To export a drawing view 1 On the command line, enter AMVIEWOUT. 2 In the Export Drawing Views dialog box, from the Source drop-down list, select Select Views/Entities, then click Select.
The dialog box hides. 3 Respond to the prompts: Select objects to export : Select the base view Select objects to export : Press ENTER You are returned to the Export Drawing Views dialog box. 4 In the File Name box, enter the name of a drawing file to export to. 5 Click OK. 6 Save the file. 7 Close AutoCAD Mechanical, start AutoCAD and open the file that you created in step 5.
2 In the Select template dialog box, select the template am_ansi.dwt, then click Open. 3 Locate and select Bracket.iam, then click Open. To shade and rotate the assembly 1 Right-click the assembly name in the Mechanical Browser and select Shade. 2 Right-click the assembly name in the Mechanical Browser and select 3D orbit. 3 Place the cursor in the appropriate location inside or on the Arcball.
Accessing iProperties When the assembly file is linked, AutoCAD Mechanical is able to access iProperties through its Bill of Materials (BOM). To access iProperties 1 On the command line, enter AMBOM. 2 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify BOM to create or set current [Main/?] : Press ENTER The BOM dialog box is displayed. 3 Click the + sign in the first column to expand the row.
4 Click Settings. The BOM Settings dialog box is displayed. 5 Click the More button to display More Properties dialog box.
6 Select Part Number and click OK. You are returned to the BOM dialog box. Notice the additional row at the bottom of the Available component properties list.
7 Click OK. The BOM Settings dialog box closes and the BOM dialog box becomes accessible again. 8 In the BOM dialog box, use the horizontal scroll bar to inspect the columns in the extreme right. Note how the iProperty Part Number is listed and automatically filled with data from the Inventor assembly file. 9 Save the file as Inventor Assembly.dwg. Inserting Drawing Borders To insert a drawing border 1 Click the Drawing tab in the Mechanical Browser. 2 On the command line, enter AMTITLE.
5 In the Page Setup Manager dialog box, select Layout1, then click Modify. 6 In the Page Setup - Layout1 dialog box, specify the following value: Paper size: ANSI C (22.00 x 17.00 Inches) 7 Choose OK to exit the Page Setup Manager. 8 Click Close. 9 Respond to the prompt as follows: Specify insertion point: Enter -0.25,-0.75, press ENTER 10 In the Change Title Block Entry dialog box click Next. 11 In the Drawing Title box, type Adjustable Bracket. 12 Click OK.
The base view is placed in the lower-left corner of the drawing. To create the parts list 1 On the command line, enter AMPARTLIST. The Part List ANSI dialog box is displayed. 2 Click OK. 3 Move the cursor to position the parts lists above the title block, then click to insert the parts list.
To create balloons 1 On the command line, enter AMBALLOON. 2 Respond to the prompt as follows: Select part/assembly or [auTo/autoAll/Collect/Manual/One/Renumber/rEorganize]: Enter A Select pick object: Window select the entire assembly Select pick object: Press ENTER 3 Place the balloons horizontally above the assembly.
Creating Breakout Section Views A breakout section view shows hidden details by cutting away portions that block their visibility. In this exercise, you indicate the section to remove by creating a cut line on one view and marking the depth of the cut on another view. Once the breakout section view is generated, you create an isometric view for it. To create the base view and orthogonal view: 1 Click the Drawing tab in the browser and double-click Layout 2. 2 Start the Drawing Title/Borders command.
To create a base view and orthogonal view 1 On the command line, AMDWGVIEW command. 2 In the Create Drawing View dialog box, specify: View Type: Multiple Data Set: Select Layout: Layout2 Scale: 1.5 Display Hidden Lines: Clear the check box 3 Choose OK.
To create the cut line: 1 On the command line, enter PLINE. 2 Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify start point: Click point (1) Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Click point (2) Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Click point (3) Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Enter close, press ENTER A closed polyline is created.
To create a breakout section view 1 Create a base view type. 2 In the Create Drawing View dialog box, specify: View Type: Base 3 On the Section Tab, specify Type: Breakout Hatch: Selected 4 Click OK.
Select polyline to use as cutline: Click the polyline you created in the previous exercise (1) Select second parent view for depth selection: Select the base view (2) Select point for depth of section: Select point (3) The breakout section view is created.
To create an isometric view of the breakout section view: 1 Create an isometric view type. 2 In the Create Drawing View dialog box, specify: View Type: Iso 3 Choose OK.
NOTE The details shown in the view that is generated depend on where you place the view. When you drag to the left, the isometric view that is generated reveals a hole and a screw. They would not be visible if you placed the view elsewhere. The isometric view is created. 5 Move the isometric view to the right of the orthogonal view. On the command line enter AMMOVEVIEW.
Modifying Breakout Section Views The cut line used to generate the breakout section view can be modified and breakout section view regenerated. Under normal circumstances, the cut line is not visible. To modify the cut line, you must display it first. To display the cutline: 1 Start the Edit Paper Space Cut Line command. On the command line, enter AMEDITPSCUTLINE.
4 Start the Edit Paper Space Cut Line command. 5 Respond to the prompts. Select broken-out section view: Click the breakout section view Enter an option for paperspace cutline [Display/Select] : Enter S Select polyline to use as cutline: Click the edited polyline The breakout section view and the isometric view update.
Removing Views You can remove views, even though that view may have been used to derive other views. To delete the base view: 1 Right-click the base view icon in the browser and select Delete. The Delete dependent views dialog box is displayed. 2 Click No. The base view is deleted. 3 Save the file and close AutoCAD Mechanical.
Updating Autodesk Inventor Parts If you have access to Autodesk Inventor (version 8 or above), you can modify the part file using Autodesk Inventor, then update the part in AutoCAD Mechanical to reflect the change. To edit a dimension using Autodesk Inventor 1 Open Holder Bracket.ipt in Autodesk Inventor. 2 Edit a feature. 3 Save the modified part file. When the part file has been modified outside AutoCAD Mechanical, on the browser, the affected views are highlighted in yellow.
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Index A acceleration 341 adjusting rings 14 aligned linear dimensions 27–28 angular dimensions 28, 142 annotation views 51, 90 associative 92, 132 hide 92 views 132 Autodesk Inventor link option 362 Autodesk Inventor linked models 364, 368, 370, 379, 384, 387, 390, 392, 397 base views 368, 384 breakout section views 387, 390 isometric views 392 multiple views 387 orthogonal views 370 shade and rotate 364, 379 update 397 Automatic Dimensioning dialog box 137 automatic dimensions 137 B balloons 205, 211, 386
mechanical structure 51 mechanical structure folders 52 restructure 81 view 62 compression springs 299 construction lines 21, 99, 103, 167, 200 Construction Lines dialog box 104 contact areas in screw calculations 320 contours 25, 103, 112, 151, 167 backgrounds and foregrounds 151, 167 hatch patterns 112 lines 103 visibility 25 cotter pins 18 counterbores 18, 38 countersinks 18, 38, 167 countersunk rivets 18 Create Drawing View dialog box 368, 370, 384, 388, 390, 392 cross-hatches 112 crosshairs 29 curve pa
Screw Assembly Templates 182 Screw Calculation 313 Screw Connection New Part Front View 186 Screw Diameter Estimation 183 Select a Blind Hole 195 Select a Cylindrical Pin 197 Select a Nut 316 Select a Row 314 Select a Screw 171, 314 Select Graph 268, 282 Select Part Size 199, 288 Select Template 100, 236, 362, 379 Set Value 221, 229 Shaft Calculation 262 Shaft Generator 239 Sort 227 Standard Parts Database 35 Switch Representation of Standard Parts 202 Template Description 47 Torque 267 Type of Follower 344
folders 51, 54, 56, 71 instances of 56 mechanical structure modify 54 K 51, 71 Gear dialog box 265 gears 236, 259 geometry in structure 52 ghost components 80 grooved drive studs 22 H hatch patterns 22, 38, 112 hidden edges 160 hidden lines 151 hide situations 92, 153 2D 153 associative 92 in mechanical structure 92 holes 18, 36–38, 167, 194, 374 add notes 374 blind 194 counterbored 38 countersunk 18, 38, 167 tapped blind 36 tapped through 36 through 37 user-defined 38 horizontal linear dimensions 28 I
N NC (numerical control) 341 Nominal Diameter dialog box 129 notches and stress calculations 260 numerical control (NC) 341 nuts 26 O o-rings 33 object snap modes 29 object snaps 102 objects 52 mechanical structure 52 occurrences 52, 59 compared with instances 59 in mechanical structure 52 Options dialog box 44 orthogonal views for part files 370 outer shaft contours 33 P Page Setup - Layout dialog box 365, 384 Page Setup Manager dialog box 365, 384 parallel keys 34 part information 207 Part Ref Attribute
Save Title Block Filename dialog box 367 Scale Area dialog box 122 scale areas 32, 120–121 scale monitors 120 scale of viewports, default 39 Screw Assembly Grip Representation Front View dialog box 175 Screw Assembly Templates dialog box 33, 182 Screw Calculation dialog box 313 Screw Connection dialog box 32, 170, 179, 183 Screw Connection New Part Front View dialog box 186 screw connections 32 Screw Diameter Estimation dialog box 183 screws 32, 178, 183, 311–313, 315–316, 320–321, 323–324, 326 calculations
supporting forces 33 supports 259 surface texture symbols 36 Switch Representation of Standard Parts dialog box 202 symbols 20–21, 36 edge 20 feature control frame 21 feature identifier 21 surface texture 36 symmetrical lines 36 T tangent definitions for chains 289 taper pins 36 tapped holes 36 blind 36 through 36 Template Description dialog box 47 templates, drawings 44, 46, 48 text styles 35, 37 thread ends 37 threads on shafts 248 through holes 37 through slots 38 tightening properties in screw calculat
