8
IK Solution 1049
the end joint of a kinematic chain. By default, its
name is
IK Chain01
.
The kinematic chain is a single branch of a
hierarchy used for animation with
inverse
kinematics (IK) (page 3–1052)
.Thechainstarts
w ith the end joint a nd travels up through ancestors
until it reaches the start joint. When you m ove the
IK goal, the IK s olver then uses IK calculations to
move and rotate all other objects in the kinematic
chain to react to the object you moved.
Note: YoucanmovetheIKgoalawayfromtheend
joint, which causes the IK chain to straighten out.
Whenyoumovethegoalbacktowardtheend
joint, joints in the IK chain w ill bend again.
See also
End Effector (page 3–1027)
IK Solution
Inversekinematics(IK)usesagoal-directed
method where the animator positions a child
object and the program calculates the position
and orientation of the parent objects. The final
position of the hierarchy after all of the calculations
have been solved is referred to as the IK solution.
Applied IK requires that one or more parts of
your IK structure be pinned to animated follow
objects. Once pinned, you select any object in your
kinematic chain and click the Apply IK button.
The software then calculates the IK solution for
each f r ame of the animation and places transform
keys for every object in the IK chain.
I llumina nce
Illuminance is the
luminous flux (page 3–1059)
incident on a surface of unit area. It measures how
much energy has fallen on a surface.
This quantity is useful for describing the level of
illumination incident on a surface without making
the measurement dependent on the size of the
surface itself. The
lux
(lx) is the Inter national
System (SI) unit of illuminance. The American
System (AS) unit for illuminance is the footcandle
(fc), equivalent to 1 lumen per square foot.
Illuminance is a function of the distance from the
light s ource. To specify the illuminance of a light,
you must enter a value in lx, and the distance at
which that illuminance is mea sured.
Image Motion Blur
Image m otion blur h as been applied to the falling co in on
the right.
Motion blur can enhance the realism of a rendered
animation by simulating the way a real-world
camera works. A camera has a shutter speed, and
if significant movement occurs during the time the
shutter is open, the image on film is blurred.
3dsMaxprovidesacoupleofwaystogenerate
motion blur. Image motion blur is one.
Scene
motion blur (page 3–1101)
,aVideoPost
Scene
Event (page 3–325)
effect, is another. For most
purposes, image motion blur gives better results
thanscenemotionblur.Scenemotionblurisa
more exaggerated effect. You can use b oth image
and scene motion blur in the same rendering.