STP 11-25R13-SM-TG HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Soldier's Manual and Trainer's Guide MOS 25R VISUAL INFORMATION EQUIPMENT OPERATOR-MAINTAINER SKILL LEVELS 1/2/3 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
1 STP 11-25R13-SM-TG * SOLDIER TRAINING PUBLICATION No. 11-25R13-SM-TG HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 6 August 1999 SOLDIER'S MANUAL AND TRAINER'S GUIDE MOS 25R VISUAL INFORMATION EQUIPMENT OPERATOR-MAINTAINER SKILL LEVELS 1/2/3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................ i PREFACE ...........................................................................
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG 113-601-3029 CONDUCT PMCS OF A POWER GENERATOR ..................................................3-20 113-575-0046 113-575-0048 113-575-0051 113-575-0052 113-575-0056 113-575-0057 113-575-0058 113-575-0059 113-575-0060 Subject Area 2: REPAIR REPAIR AN AUDIO TAPE RECORDER/REPRODUCER (ATR) ..........................3-22 REPAIR A DISTRIBUTION AMPLIFIER (DA)........................................................3-26 REPAIR A TELEVISION RECEIVER/MONITOR......................................
1 STP 11-25R13-SM-TG 113-575-1006 ESTABLISH AN AUDIO-VIDEO LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) .......................3-91 Subject Area 10: HAND RECEIPTS 113-631-6010 CONDUCT A HAND RECEIPT INVENTORY .......................................................3-92 113-631-6011 MAINTAIN A HAND RECEIPT ACCOUNT ............................................................3-94 Subject Area 11: TECHNICAL SUPERVISION 113-575-5020 CONDUCT A TECHNICAL INSPECTION (TI) FOR TURN-IN ..............................
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX S - REFERENCE DATA FOR NATIONAL TELEVISION SYSTEMS COMMITTEE (NTSC) TELEVISION SYSTEMS, FUNDAMENTALS OF COLOR, AND OVERVIEW OF THE NTSC COLORTRANSMISSION AND TELEVISION SYSTEMS ............................................S-1 APPENDIX T - EXTRACT FROM TECHNICAL BULLETIN (TB) 385-4, SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT..............T-1 APPENDIX U - PRINCIPLES OF MICROWAVE .............................................................................
1 STP 11-25R13-SM-TG PREFACE This publication is for skill levels (SLs) 1, 2, and 3 soldiers holding military occupational specialty (MOS) 25R and for trainers and first-line supervisors. It contains standardized training objectives, in the form of task summaries, to train and evaluate soldiers on critical tasks that support unit missions during wartime. Trainers and first-line supervisor should ensure soldiers holding MOS 25R10/20/30 have access to this publication.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1. GENERAL a. This manual identifies the individual MOS training requirements for soldiers in MOS 25R. Commanders, trainers, and soldiers should use it to plan, conduct, and evaluate individual training in units. This manual is the primary MOS reference to the self-development and training of every 25R soldier. b.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG b. Additionally, some task summaries include safety statements and notes. Safety statements (danger, warning, and caution) alert user to the possibility of immediate death, personal injury, or damage to equipment. Notes provide a small, extra supportive explanation or hint relative to the performance measures. 1-3.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (10) Appendix J, High Pass Filter Guidelines. (11) Appendix K, Bandpass Filter Guidelines. (12) Appendix L, Coil Guidelines. (13) Appendix M, Transformer Guidelines. (14) Appendix N, Diode Testing Guidelines. (15) Appendix O, Clipper and Clamper Circuits Guidelines. (16) Appendix P, Zener Diode and Regulator Guidelines. (17) Appendix Q, Logic Circuit Guidelines (Including Digital Mathematics). (18) Appendix R, Relay Guidelines.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure 1-1.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG 1-7. TRAINING PROBLEMS UNIQUE TO MOS 25R a. Training problems in MOS 25R occur where mission requirements restrict the time allotted to training. In addition, equipment nonstandardization places a burden on the trainer and the soldier because of the lack of manufacturers’ manuals, FMs, and/or TMs necessary to assist in training. This requires creative solutions to scheduling that will match equipment to personnel and ensure sustainment training and train-up for MOS 25R.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG CHAPTER 2 TRAINER'S GUIDE (TG) 2-1. GENERAL a. The TG identifies the essential components of a unit training plan for individual training. Units have different training needs and requirements based on differences in environment, location, equipment, dispersion (actual manning of graphic shops), and similar factors. Therefore, the TG is a guide used for conducting unit training and not as a rigid standard. b.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG 2-4. TRAINER’S RESPONSIBILITIES Training soldier and leader tasks to standard and relating this training to collective mission-essential tasks is the NCO trainer’s responsibility. Trainers use the steps below to plan and evaluate training. (1) Identify soldier and leader training requirements. The NCO determines which tasks soldiers need to train on using the commander’s training strategy.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (2) Plan the training. Training for specific tasks can usually be integrated or conducted concurrently with other training or during ”slack periods.“ The unit’s ARTEP can assist in identifying soldier and leader tasks that can be trained and evaluated concurrently with collective task training and evaluation. (3) Gather the training references and materials. The SM task summary list all references which can assist the trainer in preparing for the training of that task.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (5) Score each soldier according to the performance measures and Evaluation Guidance section in the task summary. (6) Record the date and task performance (GO or NO-GO) in the leader book. 2-6. TRAINING TIPS FOR THE TRAINER a. Prepare yourself. (1) Get training guidance from your chain of command on when to train, which soldiers to train, availability of resources, and training site. (2) Get the training objective (tasks, conditions, and standards) from the task summary in this manual.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (2) Have soldiers practice the task until they can perform it to SM standards. (3) Evaluate each soldier using the evaluation guide. (4) Provide feedback to those soldiers who fail to perform it to SM standards and have them continue to practice until they can perform to SM standards. e. Record results in the leader book. 2-7. MOS TRAINING PLAN One of the key components of the TG is the MOS Training Plan (MTP).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG • Training Location column. This column identifies the training location where the task is first trained to soldier training publication standards. If the task is first trained to standard in the unit, the word “Unit” will be in this column. If the task is first trained to standard in the training base, it will identify, by brevity code (ANCOC, BNCOC), the resident course where the task was taught. Figure 2-1 contains a list of training locations and their corresponding brevity codes.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG MOS TRAINING PLAN MOS 25R PART ONE. SUBJECT AREAS AND DUTY POSITIONS SECTION I. SUBJECT AREA CODES Skill Level 1 1 MAINTENANCE 2 REPAIR 3 INSTALL/SET UP 4 TEST MEASUREMENTS/ALIGNMENT Skill Level 2 5 ROBOTICS 6 ADVANCED REPAIR 7 INSPECTION 8 DOCUMENTATION Skill Level 3 9 LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) 10 HAND RECEIPTS 11 TECHNICAL SUPERVISION 12 DESIGN/DEVELOP MOS TRAINING PLAN MOS 25R PART ONE. SUBJECT AREAS AND DUTY POSITIONS SL SECTION II.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG MOS TRAINING PLAN MOS 25R13 PART TWO. CRITICAL TASKS Subject Area 1. MAINTENANCE 2. REPAIR 3.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG PART TWO. CRITICAL TASKS Subject Area Task Number 4. TEST MEASUREMENTS/ ALIGNMENT 113-575-8020 113-575-8021 Title Skill Levels 1-3 Training Location Sust Tng Freq Sust Tng SL PERFORM STUDIO CAMERA SETUP AIT SA 1-3 PERFORM AN AUDIO ALIGNMENT AIT SA 1-3 113-575-8018 PERFORM TELEVISION SYSTEM TIMING AFC SA 1-3 113-575-5017 CONDUCT QUALITY CONTROL (QC) OF VIDEO AND AUDIO SIGNALS AIT SA 1-3 113-575-3048 INSPECT EQUIPMENT RACK GROUNDING SYSTEM AIT AN 1-3 5.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG PART TWO. CRITICAL TASKS Subject Area 11. TECHNICAL SUPERVISION 12.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG CHAPTER 3 MOS/SKILL LEVEL TASKS Skill Level 1 Subject Area 1: MAINTENANCE PERFORM PMCS ON AN ANALOG TAPE RECORDER/REPRODUCER (ATR) 113-575-3057 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given an analog ATR, audio amplifier, speakers, audio test signal generator (ATSG), associated cables, prerecorded and blank test tapes, cotton swabs, chamois or lint-free cloth, pure isopropyl alcohol, rubber cleaner or rejuvenator, cellophane tape, demagnetizer, paper towels, general-purpose o
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures NOTE: Demagnetizing removes residual magnetic fields that build up on ferrous pole pieces of tape heads, various guide posts, and other parts in the tape path that may affect frequency response. a. Cover the demagnetizer tips with cellophane tape or other soft material to prevent damaging finely polished surfaces in the tape transport. b. Connect the demagnetizer to a 110 VAC power source. c.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE OF A STILL VIDEO SYSTEM 113-575-3049 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a still video camera with accessories (transceiver, player, printer, cables, disk, battery charger, and battery pack or AC power adapter), color TV monitor, contact cleaner, stiff brush, mild liquid detergent or glass cleaner, clean water, soft lens brush, lens tissue, soft dry cloth, replacement ink cartridge and parts, manufacturers' manuals, DD Form 314, DA Form
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures c. Fill out a DA Form 2407 to identify discrepancies requiring corrective maintenance. Results P F Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier a GO if all steps are passed (P). Score the soldier a NO-GO if any step is failed (F). If the soldier fails any step, show what was done wrong and how to do it correctly. Have the soldier practice until he can correctly perform the task.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE OF A VIDEO RECORDER/REPRODUCER 113-575-3050 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a VTR, video test signal generator (VTSG), audio test signal generator (ATSG), color TV receiver (or color monitor, audio amplifier, and speakers), waveform monitor (WFM), vectorscope, a known good VTR, cotton swabs, chamois cloth, pure isopropyl alcohol, head cleaner (such as xylene), rubber cleaner or rejuvenator, spray contact cleaner, silicone lubricant,
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps 11. Inspect lubrication of components (capstan, motor, lever, gear shaft, threading ring, or cam assemblies). a. Disassemble and clean out the old lubricant before adding fresh oil or grease. b. Apply a light machine oil on gear and wheel shafts, as well as bearings and pivots. c. Apply a plastic, safe grease-like silicone lubricant to gears, cams, mechanical-type mode selectors, sliding parts, and gear teeth. d. Reconnect the AC plug and turn ON the VTR. 12.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures Results 1. Turn OFF and remove power from the VTR. P F 2. Clean the VTR exterior. P F 3. Check for discrepancies. P F 4. Remove the VTR cover and shielding to clean tape path. P F 5. Clean the head drum assembly. P F 6. Clean tape transport contact surfaces. P F 7. Clean the pinch roller. P F 8. Check drive belts, pulleys, and pad assemblies. P F 9. Clean photo interrupters or sensors. P F 10. Inspect mechanical levers and cams.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG PERFORM PMCS ON A DIGITAL AUDIO TAPE (DAT) MACHINE 113-575-3051 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a DAT machine, audio amplifier, speakers, ATSG, associated cables, prerecorded and blank DAT tapes, chamois, foam-tipped swabs, pure isopropyl alcohol, felt-tip pen, manufacturers' manuals, DD Form 314, DA Form 2404, DA Form 2407, and DA Pam 738-750.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures b. Connect a 1 kHz tone from the ATSG to the DAT machine. Monitor the E-E level on the VU meters and speakers. c. Insert a blank DAT and RECORD the 1 kHz tone. d. PLAY back the recorded DAT and monitor for glitches. e. Test all controls and switches for proper function. 10. Complete the necessary maintenance forms. a. Annotate DD Form 314 to indicate the PMCS performed. b.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG MAINTAIN A COMPACT DISK (CD) PLAYER 113-575-3052 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a CD player, audio amplifier, speakers, pure isopropyl alcohol, lens tissue, cotton swabs, soft dry cloth, lint-free cloth, mild detergent, degreaser, contact cleaner, light oil, silicon grease, clean water, photographic-type air bulb, electronic equipment tool kit, CDs with protective cases, soft felt-tip marker, bench stock (for replacement belts), DA Form 2404, DA Form 2407, DD Fo
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures Results 10. Operations check the CD player. a. Turn ON power. b. LOAD and PLAY a CD; check SEARCH and SEEK functions as well. c. Monitor meter levels for deflection and speakers for clarity and quality. P P P P F F F F 11. Complete the necessary maintenance forms. a. Complete DD Form 314 to indicate the service performed. b. Document uncorrected faults and parts required on DA Form 2404; if no fault exists, date and initial the form. c.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG PERFORM PMCS ON A TRANSMITTER 113-575-3053 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a transmitter, dual-trace oscilloscope with frequency counter and 10X test probes, multimeter with test leads, manometer, subminiature plumbing cap (or other hardware), dummy load, binoculars, electronic equipment tool kit, cleaning cloth, pencil and paper, DD Form 314, DA Form 2404, DA Form 2407, DA Pam 738-750, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and local country modulation (LCM) st
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures Results 9. Connect the transmitter output to a dummy load and close the main circuit breaker to apply AC power to the transmitter and initiate the up-cycle. P F 10. After approximately 5-minutes warm-up time, verify that all lamps illuminate. a. The AC lamp indicates the main circuit breaker is ON, applying AC power to the up-converter. b. The filament lamp indicates the presence of AC power applied to the filament transformer. c.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures b. Measure the video carrier frequency with an oscilloscope or multimeter at the test point shown in the manufacturer's manual. c. Calculate the deviation percentage from the FCC tolerance or host nation established limits; adjust if necessary. Results P F P F 20. Check frequency response for +/- 2 dB from 50 Hz to 15 kHz with a reference level of +4 dB. P F 21. Disconnect the dummy load. P F 22.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG MAINTAIN A STILL PHOTOGRAPHY EDITING AND PROCESSING SYSTEM (SPEPS) 113-578-5030 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a SPEPS (to include but not limited to an automated data processor with CD-ROM, video monitor, flatbed scanner, 35-mm slide scanner, modem, communications interfaces, color printer, writable CD, selected software, and accessories), manufacturers' manuals, DA Pam 738-750, DA Form 314, DA Form 2404, DA Form 2407, bench stock, lens tissue, soft cloth, pape
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG PERFORM CABLE MAINTENANCE 113-588-3022 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, you are experiencing technical difficulties with a signal and suspect faulty cables.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier a GO if all steps are passed (P). Score the soldier a NO-GO if any step is failed (F). If the soldier fails any step, show what was done wrong and how to do it correctly. Have the soldier practice until he can correctly perform the task.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG MAINTAIN AN ANTENNA SYSTEM 113-575-3054 Conditions: Maintain an antenna system to ensure peak reception in a tactical or garrison environment, outdoors during daylight, but not during thunderstorms, high winds, or extreme temperatures.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier a GO if all steps are passed (P). Score the soldier a NO-GO if any step is failed (F). If the soldier fails any step, show what was done wrong and how to do it correctly. Have the soldier practice until he can correctly perform the task.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG CONDUCT PMCS OF A POWER GENERATOR 113-601-3029 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a power generator with equipment and accessories, DA Form 2404, electronic equipment tool kit, soda and water solution, wire brush, dry cloth, hearing protection, mechanical replacement parts (such as fan belts), battery charger, and petroleum, oil and lubrication (POL) access. Standards: The standards are met when the generator is serviced, free of defects, and fully mission capable.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures a. Turn OFF the circuit breaker. b. Turn the voltage rheostat fully counterclockwise (CCW). c. Run the generator several minutes without a load for the engine to cool down. d. Place the START-STOP switch in the STOP position. e. Look for fuel and oil leaks. 9. Correct all correctable faults. 10. Annotate uncorrected faults and parts required on the DA Form 2404; date and initial the form if no problems exist.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Subject Area 2: REPAIR REPAIR AN AUDIO TAPE RECORDER/REPRODUCER (ATR) 113-575-0046 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a DA Form 2407 requirement for an ATR, dualtrace oscilloscope with 10X test probes, multimeter with test leads, ATSG, audio amplifier, speakers, demagnetizer, electronic equipment tool kit, soldering tool kit (light to medium duty), heat sink, audio tapes (test, alignment, and blank), a known good ATR, bench stock, contact or tuner cleaner spray with
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps (6) If the ATR shuts down shortly after entering any mode, check for a missing or stretched tape counter drive belt or a defective reel rotation sensor. ( a) Tape eating protection circuits can shut down the ATR improperly due to a lack of reel sensor pulses. ( b) A related symptom will be that the tape counter does not change during the period when the tape is moving.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps NOTE: The bias is an ultrasonic signal impressed on the tape along with the input signal to eliminate distortion. ( c) Check that the REC switch is clean. If behavior changes with each activation of the record switch, spray contact or tuner cleaner, using an extension tube, inside the switch (with power OFF). Put the switch through its motions several times and allow drying before powering back up.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures Results 1. Review DA Form 2407. P F 2. Sectionalize the trouble to a defective stage. a. Visually inspect for discrepancies. b. Operations check the ATR. P P P F F F 3. Localize the trouble to a specific circuit. a. Check for mechanical problems. b. Check for electrical problems. P P P F F F 4. Isolate the fault to a component. a. Perform resistance and continuity tests. b. Perform power distribution voltage tests. c.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG REPAIR A DISTRIBUTION AMPLIFIER (DA) 113-575-0048 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a distribution amplifier with a reported fault written up for maintenance on a DA Form 2407, audio or video test signal generator (depends on type of distribution amplifier), dual-trace oscilloscope with 10X test probes, multimeter with test leads, electronic equipment tool kit, soldering tool kit (light to medium duty), bench stock, system block diagrams, manufacturers' manuals, an
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG References Required DA Pam 738-750 Mfg Manuals Related TB 385-4 3 - 27
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG REPAIR A TELEVISION RECEIVER/MONITOR 113-575-0051 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given an inoperable or malfunctioning TV receiver or monitor with an accompanying DA Form 2407, sync generator, VTSG, dual-trace oscilloscope with 10X test probes, multimeter with test leads, isolation transformer, degaussing coil, 75-ohm coaxial video cable with BNC connectors, 75-ohm terminators, mirror (larger than the size of the screen), reference light source, electronic equipment t
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps e. Common causes of blooming are a weak high voltage rectifier or too little bias on the CRT. (1) No high voltage means no high brightness; insufficient high voltage causes low brightness. (2) Eliminate corona and arcing by separating all high voltage connections from the chassis. Arcing can cause streaks in the picture and can usually be heard as a snapping sound. Corona produces a sizzling sound. f.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps (1) Inject a sweep generator signal into the intermediate frequency (IF) amplifier input tuner and monitor the signal at the video detector output on an oscilloscope. If the overall response is good through the RF tuner and IF stage, the trouble is probably in the video amplifier. (2) Check the video amplifier circuit by applying a 1 V square wave to its input.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps (1) Locate the crosshatch pattern intersections in the small circles projected on the screen. The tolerance is +/-1 percent of picture height within the central area bounded by a circle whose diameter equals the picture height. Outside the central area, the tolerance is +/-2 percent of picture height. (2) Adjust H and V SIZE for the best size that places the intersections of the crosshatch pattern within the tolerances described in step (1) above.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps (6) If the CONTRAST control setting was changed as described in step g (2), return the control to the preset position. h. Adjust RGB SCREEN GAINS. (1) On the VTSG, select a white flat field (100 IRE for NTSC or 100 percent for 50 Hz and 60 Hz PAL models). (2) Set the VTSG white flat field within the range of the reference light-source. (3) Check high light color balance (the color of the test spot matches the color of the lightsource reference field).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures Results 1. Review DA Form 2407. P F 2. Sectionalize the trouble to a defective stage. a. Visually inspect for discrepancies. b. Clean the exterior and CRT. c. Operations check. P P P P F F F F 3. Localize the trouble to a specific circuit. a. For intermittent changes in color, brightness, size, or position, check for bad connections. b. Ghosting, shadows, or streaks next to vertical edges in the picture indicate problems with input signal termination. c.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures c. Set fine-tuning (for receivers). d. Check AFT (for receivers). e. Adjust the color receiver/monitor using SMPTE color bars. Results P F P F P F 7. Complete DA Form 2407. P F 8. Turn the DA Form 2407 into the supervisor. P F Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier a GO if all steps are passed (P). Score the soldier a NO-GO if any step is failed (F). If the soldier fails any step, show what was done wrong and how to do it correctly.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG REPAIR A COLOR TELEVISION (TV) CAMERA 113-575-0052 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a TV camera submitted for repair on a DA Form 2407, WFM, vectorscope, dual-trace oscilloscope with 10X test probes, multimeter with test leads, VTSG, sync generator, color TV monitor, dummy load, electronic equipment tool kit, soldering tool kit (light to medium duty), registration chart, logarithmic chart (gray scale), lens tissue, glass cleaner, bench stock, system block diagrams
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps 4. Isolate the fault to a component. a. Troubleshoot power supply problems. (1) Thermal relay shutdown occurs when the power supply output current exceeds the current rating specified for the operating temperature. When the temperature decreases to normal, the thermostat resets automatically. If thermal relay shutdown occurs often, forced air-cooling may be required. (2) Determine whether the fault is internal to the power supply or in the load.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures Results 1. Review DA Form 2407. P F 2. Sectionalize the trouble to a defective stage. a. Visually inspect for discrepancies. b. Clean the camera lens (if necessary). c. Operations check the camera. P P P P F F F F 3. Localize the trouble to specific circuit. a. Analyze overall block diagrams and schematics. b. Perform functional tests on suspected circuits. c.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG REPAIR A VIDEO TAPE RECORDER/REPRODUCER (VTR) 113-575-0056 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given an inoperable or malfunctioning VTR submitted for repair on a DA Form 2407, a known good VTR, dual-trace oscilloscope with 10X test probes, multimeter with test leads, video audio test signal generators, network analyzer, color TV receiver (or color monitor, audio amplifier, and speakers), WFM, vectorscope, alignment and work tapes, electronic equipment tool kit, soldering
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps b. Perform functional tests on suspected circuits. c. Signal trace to find where the signal was lost or distorted. (1) Inject color bars from the VTSG in the RECORD and E-E modes; PLAY a color bars tape in the Playback mode. (2) If tape motion is slow or stops completely, check the head drum for a mirror-like surface. (3) Check tape tension for hooking at the top of the picture.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures Results 7. Operations check; readjust or align as necessary. P F 8. Complete DA Form 2407. P F 9. Turn the DA Form 2407 into the supervisor. P F Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier a GO if all steps are passed (P). Score the soldier a NO-GO if any step is failed (F). If the soldier fails any step, show what was done wrong and how to do it correctly. Have the soldier practice until he can correctly perform the task.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG REPAIR A TELEVISION TRANSMITTER 113-575-0057 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a TV transmitter with a distorted signal, video audio test signal generators, dual-trace oscilloscope with 10X test probes, multimeter with test leads, electronic equipment tool kit, soldering tool kit (light to medium duty), bench stock, DA Form 2407, DA Pam 738-750, manufacturers' manuals, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and local-country modulation (LCM) standards, and another
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps (7) Check that the system output noise level (frequency modulation) between 50 Hz and 15 kHz is at least 55 dB below the audio frequency level, representing 100 percent modulation for FM and 50 dB for AM. (8) Attenuate all spurious emissions (including harmonics, 3 MHz above or below the channel edge) more than 60 dB below the visual transmitted power. e. Check multichannel television sound (MTS).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps Table 3-1. MTS Baseband Transmission Performance Objectives Table 3-2. MTS Baseband Transmission Crosstalk Objectives NOTE: The stereo audio is an amplitude-modulated, double sideband, suppressed-carrier (DSSC) signal that applies to both the stereo and the SAP channels. (2) The control of incidental carrier phase modulation (ICPM) of the visual carrier is the single most important performance characteristic controlling the quality of the MTS.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps 4. Isolate the fault to a component. a. Measure amplitude linearity with the VTSG stair-step signal. b. Check visual modulator. (1) Look for transfer characteristics inherently compressed in the white direction (+100 IRE) on the WFM. (2) Look for characteristics sometimes simultaneously compressed in the sync direction (-40 IRE) on the WFM. c. For noise level problems, check preamplifier (preamp) input stages, the most common sources.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures Results 8. Turn the DA Form 2407 into the supervisor. P F Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier a GO if all steps are passed (P). Score the soldier a NO-GO if any step is failed (F). If the soldier fails any step, show what was done wrong and how to do it correctly. Have the soldier practice until he can correctly perform the task.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG REPAIR A RADIO TRANSMITTER 113-575-0058 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given an inoperable or malfunctioning radio transmitter with an accompanying DA Form 2407, dual-trace oscilloscope with 10X test probes, multimeter with test leads, ATSG, electronic equipment tool kit, soldering tool kit (light to medium duty), bench stock, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and local-country modulation (LCM) standards, manufacturers' manuals, DA Pam 738-750, and another perso
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps ( b) From 100 Hz to 7.5 kHz, THD is 2.5 percent. ( c) From 7.5 kHz to 15 kHz, THD is 3 percent. (5) With a 1 kHz reference level, check that the demodulated frequency response is within +/2 dB from 100 Hz to 5 kHz at 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent modulation. (6) Check that the system noise output level from 50 Hz to 15 kHz is at least 60 dB below 100 percent modulation level, with a 400 Hz modulating reference.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures Results 8. Turn the DA Form 2407 into the supervisor. P F Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier a GO if all steps are passed (P). Score the soldier a NO-GO if any step is failed (F). If the soldier fails any step, show was done wrong and how to do it correctly. Have the soldier practice until he can correctly perform the task.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG REPAIR A DIGITAL AUDIO TAPE (DAT) RECORDER/REPRODUCER 113-575-0059 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given an inoperable or malfunctioning DAT machine with an accompanying DA Form 2407, dual-trace oscilloscope with 10X test probes, multimeter with test leads, ATSG, electronic equipment tool kit, soldering tool kit (light to medium duty), bench stock, DA Pam 738-750, and manufacturers' manuals.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG REPAIR AN AUDIO CONSOLE 113-575-0060 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a DA Form 2407 requirement for an audio console (installed in a system with wiring, input sources, and output destinations), audio amplifier, speakers, dual-trace oscilloscope with 10X test probes, multimeter with test leads, ATSG, extender cards, card pullers, electronic equipment tool kit, soldering tool kit (light to medium duty), bench stock, DA Pam 738-750, and manufacturers' manuals.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps b. If the problem appears to be in a module duplicated in the console, interchange the suspect module with one operating properly. NOTE: If the problem remains at the position, the module suspected is not at fault; if the problem moves with the module, the suspect module is the source of difficulty. c. Ensure DIP switch field options are set according to desired specification. 4. Isolate the fault to a component. NOTE: Refer to schematic drawing and location map. a.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier a GO if all steps are passed (P). Score the soldier a NO-GO if any step is failed (F). If the soldier fails any step, show what was done wrong and how to do it correctly. Have the soldier practice until he can correctly perform the task.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Subject Area 3: INSTALL/SET UP INSTALL A TELEVISION (TV) SYSTEM 113-575-1001 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given equipment racks, VTRs, TV receivers or monitors, cameras, microphones, audio amplifiers, speakers, DAs, sync generator, VTSG, ATSG, WFM, vectorscope, multimeter with test leads, video tapes, video and audio cables, connectors, step ladder, electronic equipment tool kit, soldering tool kit (light to medium duty), crimping tools, cable ties, cable labels or
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures b. Place cable designators as close to the actual point of connection as possible, but do not install designators so they become hidden in a cable bundle. c. Remove all spare or unused cable where possible or clearly mark to determine source and destination. Results P F P F 8. Connect power to equipment. P F 9. Test system. P F 10. Adjust equipment controls and settings. P F 11. Correct deficiencies. P F 12. Annotate work completed on DA Form 2407.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG INSTALL AN AUDIO SYSTEM 113-575-1002 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given an audio console or mixer, source inputs (such as CD players, AudioVAULT, SADIE, cassette player, reel-to-reel tape recorder, cart players, telephone interface, microphones, tone DA, FM and AM receivers, other studios, router system, satellite signals, and remote signals), remote controls, patch panels with patch cables, DAs, ATSG, audio amplifier, speakers, relay interface, on-air lights, heads
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures a. Designate all cables with heat shrink labels for new installations and selflaminating labels for existing installations with the labels printed in the following format: (1) Cable (number). (2) From: (source equipment). (3) To: (destination equipment). b. Place cable designators as close to the actual point of connection as possible, but do not install designators so they become hidden in a cable bundle. c.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG INSTALL A CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV) SYSTEM 113-575-1003 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given cameras, monitors, VTRs, DAs, 75-ohm coaxial cabling and connectors, cable labels or markers, blank video tapes, step ladder, camera mounts, electronic equipment tool kit, DA Form 2407, DA Pam 738-750, system block diagrams, and equipment manufacturers' manuals. Standards: The standards are met when the CCTV system is installed and problems incurred are corrected.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG SET UP A TELEVISION RECEIVE-ONLY (TVRO) SITE 113-575-1004 Conditions: Outdoors in a tactical or garrison environment and given a satellite TV dish, low noise block (LNB) down converter and feedhorn (or low noise filter), actuator, satellite receiver decoder (such as an IRD), TV receiver, mounting options, ladder, electronic equipment tool kit, hand-held power drill, cement mixture, magnetic angle finder, plumb-like angle finder, measuring tape, wires and cables, WD-40 type product, steel
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps (2) Rotate the polarizer to properly align the feed to the latitude of the installation. (3) Attach the LNB to the rear of the polarizer. NOTE: If the system is a (commercial) C/Ku band feed, the waveguides that the LNBs attach to are different in size to allow for transmission of either 4 GHz or 12 GHz signals. Thus, the C-band LNB can mount to only one waveguide and the Ku LNB to the other (there is no UP or DOWN with the LNBs).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps d. Upon arriving at the lowest satellite, you may find that it is not as clear as it was when you started. (1) Find the point at which the picture is as clear as possible and slightly loosen the collar bolts just enough to rotate the dish on the pole. (2) Rotate the dish one way or another; one direction clears the picture quality. Snug the collar bolts. e.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG SET UP AN INTERNATIONAL MARITIME SATELLITE (INMARSAT) TERMINAL 113-575-2001 Conditions: In a tactical environment, set up an INMARSAT terminal to transmit images to the Joint Combat Camera Center (JCCC). Given a magnaphone MX 2020P portable satellite terminal or equivalent, an antenna system, signal strength meter, manufacturers' manuals, compass, azimuth and elevation (A&E) angle charts; and Land Earth Station (LES), Ocean Region (OR), and services codes.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG SET UP A TRANSMITTER FOR BROADCAST OPERATION ON A TACTICAL MISSION 113-575-2002 Conditions: In a tactical environment, set up a transmitter for broadcast operation. Given a transmitter, antenna, audio and video cables, sync generator, audio video test signal generator(s), ground rods, rubber matting, electronic equipment tool kit, manufacturers' manuals, and another person for safety.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier a GO if all steps are passed (P). Score the soldier a NO-GO if any step is failed (F). If the soldier fails any step, show what was done wrong and how to do it correctly. Have the soldier practice until he can correctly perform the task.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Subject Area 4: TEST MEASUREMENTS/ALIGNMENT PERFORM STUDIO CAMERA SETUP 113-575-8020 Conditions: Performed in a visual information (VI) facility with a video switcher with color cameras and camera control units (CCUs); setup cameras for a production or live shoot. The cameras have focus and zoom controls and viewfinders. Studio key light (3200 Kelvin) is available.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures g. Turn OFF R GAMMA and perform performance measure 8f for B GAMMA. 9. Perform performance measures 3 through 8 on all other cameras. Results P F P F 10. Perform multiple camera color matching using the split-screen method on the switcher and monitors. P F 11. Cap and place the cameras in STANDBY. P F 12. Initiate a DA Form 2407 for problems not corrected during setup. P F Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier a GO if all steps are passed (P).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG PERFORM AN AUDIO ALIGNMENT 113-575-8021 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given an audio console requiring alignment, source inputs (microphones, CD players, and so on), audio amplifier, speakers, ATSG, multimeter with test leads, extender cards (designed for the specific module), card pullers, specially made test cables, alignment tool, electronic equipment tool kit, DA Form 2407, DA Pam 738-750, and manufacturers' manuals.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier a GO if all steps are passed (P). Score the soldier a NO-GO if any step is failed (F). If the soldier fails any step, show what was done wrong and how to do it correctly. Have the soldier practice until he can correctly perform the task.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG PERFORM TELEVISION SYSTEM TIMING 113-575-8018 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a video switcher, source inputs (such as a satellite, video cameras, VTRs, still store, paint box, and character generator), coaxial cables with connectors, delay lines, master synchronizing (sync) reference generator, VTSG, VDAs, two color TV monitors, WFM, vectorscope, alignment tool, prerecorded color bars test tape, DA Form 2407, manufacturers' manuals, and one assistant.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures NOTE: An out-of-phase source displays color loss or shifting hue when switching between sources. Even though all signals lock to the house reference, timing errors arise as signals travel through different cable lengths. Therefore, adjusting timing delay for each piece of equipment brings all signals into synchronization at the switcher. If unattainable on the equipment adjustments, use delay lines and cable length to correct timing and phasing errors.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG CONDUCT QUALITY CONTROL (QC) OF VIDEO AND AUDIO SIGNALS 113-575-5017 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given video and audio sources and program outputs, WFM, vectorscope, video audio test signal generator(s), test meters, audio amplifier, speaker(s), color TV monitor(s), patch panels, switching equipment, multimeter with test leads, 75-ohm terminators, 75-ohm video cables with BNC connectors attached, audio wires, alignment tool, manufacturers' manuals, signal check log
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures b. Setup or Black level at 7.5 IRE on the WFM. c. Sync level at -40 IRE on the WFM. d. Good overall picture quality on the color monitor. e. Audio level at +4 dBm on the test meter(s). f. Good overall sound quality on the speaker(s). Results P F P F P F P F P F 8. Perform performance measures 6 and 7 with other signals to be checked. P F 9.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG INSPECT EQUIPMENT RACK GROUNDING SYSTEM 113-575-3048 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given equipment installed in a grounded equipment rack with a central grounding system, multimeter with test leads, electronic equipment tool kit, manufacturers' manuals, DA Form 2404, DA Form 2407, and DA Pam 738-750.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Skill Level 2 Subject Area 5: ROBOTICS MAINTAIN TELEVISION (TV) ROBOTICS 113-575-3055 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given an automated video library (with tape transports and robotics) installed in a system with a video switcher, monitors, WFM, vectorscope, and associated cabling.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Steps CAUTION: Be careful not to scratch the surface of the assemblies. (1) With a lint-free cloth, wipe both sides of the horizontal and vertical arm assembly tracks. Check for surface rust or pitting. (2) Moderately apply grade-22 oil to the horizontal and vertical tracks, ensuring that no oil seeps inside the assembly circuit and preventing oil from contacting the belt. e. Reinstall cassette handler.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures Results 1. Notify TV operations supervisor prior to the preventive maintenance checks and services. P F 2. Clean and inspect the library cabinet and associated equipment. P F 3. Perform routine cleaning, lubrication, and operational inspection of the arm assemblies and cassette handler. P F 4. Clean VTRs. P F 5. Target VTRs. P F 6. Annotate DD Form 314. P F 7. Initiate DA Form 2407 if necessary.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Subject Area 6: ADVANCED REPAIR REPAIR AN AUDIO AUTOMATION SYSTEM 113-575-0053 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given an inoperable or malfunctioning audio automation system (such as AudioVAULT or CORE 2000) with an accompanying DA Form 2407, program software (such as boot diskettes), dual-trace oscilloscope with 10X test probes, multimeter with test leads, ATSG, audio amplifier connected to speakers, electronic equipment tool kit, soldering tool kit (light to medium du
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier a GO if all steps are passed (P). Score the soldier a NO-GO if any step failed (F). If the soldier fails any step, show what was done wrong and how to do it correctly. Have the soldier practice until he can correctly perform the task.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG REPAIR A TELEVISION PRODUCTION SWITCHER 113-575-0054 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a TV production switcher reported inoperable or malfunctioning on a DA Form 207, two color TV monitors, WFM, vectorscope, dual-trace oscilloscope with 10X test probes, multimeter with test leads, VTSG, electronic equipment tool kit, soldering tool kit (light to medium duty), bench stock, system block diagrams, manufacturers' manuals, and DA Pam 738-750.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures b. Chroma key problems normally result from the improper operation of the keying setup such as light bounce from the Chroma key backdrop or shadows that cause tearing. c. Check for the presence of minute amounts of dirt or foreign matter on the contacting surfaces. d. Check the output of relay-type switchers that employ decoupled cathode followers for rapid bounce. This may occur on a switch between signal sources or even a drastic change of scenic brightness.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG REPAIR A VISUAL INFORMATION (VI) EMBEDDED COMPUTER SYSTEM 113-575-0061 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a computer embedded system (Odetics, AudioVAULT, or CORE) reported inoperable or malfunctioning on a DA Form 2407, associated software and manuals, dual-trace oscilloscope with 10X test probes, multimeter with test leads, logic probe, electronic equipment tool kit, soldering tool kit (light to medium duty), bench stock, system block diagrams, and DA Pam 738-750.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Subject Area 7: INSPECTION INSPECT A VIDEO TEST SIGNAL GENERATOR (VTSG) 113-575-5018 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a VTSG, color TV monitor, WFM, vectorscope, dual-trace oscilloscope with 10X test probes, test cable (75-ohm BNC-to-BNC), manufacturers' manuals, DA Form 2404, DA Form 2407, and DA Pam 738-750. Standards: The standards are met when the VTSG is inspected and signals meet NTSC standards. Performance Measures Results 1. Review DA Form 2407 P F 2.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures (1) On the video monitor, the color bars shift horizontally. (2) The vectorscope display free runs. (3) On the WFM, the sync pulse has been removed. Release the SYNC button. f. Depress the EIA button to obtain a 75 percent color bar display. 6. Complete the necessary maintenance forms. a. Document uncorrected faults and parts required on DA Form 2404; if no problems exist, date and initial the form. b.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG INSPECT AN AUDIO TEST SIGNAL GENERATOR (ATSG) 113-575-5019 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a 1510A Tape Recorder/Audio Test System (or equivalent ATSG), audio amplifier, speakers, multimeter with test leads, electronic equipment tool kit, manufacturers' manuals, DA Form 2404, DA Form 2407, and DA Pam 738-750. Standards: The standards are met when the ATSG is fully operational with no deficiencies.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG ESTABLISH A STUDIO-TO-TRANSMITTER LINK (STL) 113-575-1005 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a microwave (or equivalent STL), power amplifier, STL/TS receiver, routing switcher, speaker monitors, manufacturers' manuals, electronic equipment tool kit, and one person on site at the transmitter. Standards: The standards are met when the studio signal is transmitted through the STL to the transmitter and received with no technical difficulties.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Subject Area 8: DOCUMENTATION POST CHANGES TO SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS 113-575-9004 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given an equipment modification or change notice, red pencil, correction tape, and manufacturers' manuals with schematic diagrams. Standards: The standards are met when the changes are posted on the schematic diagram following the manufacturers modification or change notice. Performance Measures Results 1. Read the modification or change notice. P F 2.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG ANNOTATE CHANGES AND MODIFICATIONS TO PLANT AND PLACEMENT DRAWINGS 113-575-9005 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given system block diagrams, three color pencils (red, yellow, and blue), and a straightedge ruler. Standards: The standards are met when changes and modifications are annotated on the plant and placement drawings with all information accurately labeled. Performance Measures Results 1. Annotate two copies of the drawings. P F 2.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG MAINTAIN A TECHNICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY 113-631-6008 Conditions: Given manufacturers' manuals, reference material (field manuals, technical manuals, training circulars, technical bulletins, supply catalogs, and army regulations), DA Pam 25-30, DA Pam 310-10, DA Pam 310-13, DA Forms 17 and 17-1, and a storage area that allows for the control of the reference material (for example, a locking cabinet or room).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG References Required DA Pam 25-30 DA Pam 25-33 DA Pam 25-40 3 - 88 Related AR 25-30 AR 25-400-2 AR 380-19 DA Pam 750-35
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG MAINTAIN A BENCH STOCK 113-631-6009 Conditions: Equipped with a maintenance section's bench stock in a controlled area, the latest inventory report, authorized stock level requirements, parts index, DA Form 2064, DA Forms 2765, DA Forms 3318, and DA Forms 2404. Standards: The standards are met when all shortcomings found during the inventory of bench stock are identified and recorded, excess is turned in, and requests for reordering parts are submitted. Performance Measures Results 1.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Skill Level 3 Subject Area 9: LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) MAINTAIN AN AUDIO-VIDEO LAN 113-575-3056 Conditions: Given an audio-video LAN system (such as AudioVAULT), associated software and manuals, one or more audio storage disk drives, host server PC with data, storage hard drive, VGA monitor, keyboard, mouse or touch screen, workstation PC (with monitor, keyboard, and mouse), 50-ohm coaxial Ethernet cables, 50-ohm BNC connectors, 50-ohm terminators, audio and digital data cabling and inte
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG ESTABLISH AN AUDIO-VIDEO LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) 113-575-1006 Conditions: Given an audio-video system (such as an AudioVAULT) with a LAN requirement, associated software and manuals, one or more audio storage disk drives, host server PC with data, storage hard drive, VGA monitor, keyboard, mouse or touch screen, workstation PC (with monitor, keyboard, and mouse), 50-ohm coaxial Ethernet cables, 50-ohm BNC connectors, 50-ohm terminators, audio and digital data cabling and interfaces to s
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Subject Area 10: HAND RECEIPTS CONDUCT A HAND RECEIPT INVENTORY 113-631-6010 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given DA Form 2062/DA Form 2062-E, authorization documents, DA Form 3161 (or DD Form 1348-1/DD Form 1348-1A), DD Form 1150, AR 25-400-2, DA Form 2407, DA Pam 710-2-1, and automated property book system. Standards: The standards are met when the required inventory is completed and a written statement of the inventory results is prepared.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures Results 8. Initiate adjustment action (such as cash collection voucher, statement of charges, or report of survey) for any missing item per AR 735-5. If the item resurfaces later, change or cancel adjustment documents accordingly. P F 9. Ensure your hand receipt is adjusted to reflect the results of your inventory. P F Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier a GO if all steps are passed (P). Score the soldier a NO-GO if any step is failed (F).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG MAINTAIN A HAND RECEIPT ACCOUNT 113-631-6011 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given DA Form 2062/DA Form 2062-E, authorization documents, DA Form 3161 (or DD Form 1348-1/DD Form 1348-1A), DD Form 1150, AR 25-400-2, DA Form 2407, DA Pam 710-2-1, and automated property book system. Standards: The standards are met when each hand receipt, annex, subhand receipt, and change document are maintained without error. Performance Measures Results 1.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures Results 17. Read and understand the PBO guidelines (if provided) for management of property and required inventories. P F Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier a GO if all steps are passed (P). Score the soldier a NO-GO if any step is failed (F). If the soldier fails any step, show what was done wrong and how to do it correctly. Have the soldier practice until he can correctly perform the task.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Subject Area 11: TECHNICAL SUPERVISION CONDUCT A TECHNICAL INSPECTION (TI) FOR TURN-IN 113-575-5020 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given equipment submitted for turn-in on DA Form 2407; test equipment required (depends on noun nomenclature turned in): dual-trace oscilloscope with 10X test probes, multimeter with test leads, WFM, vectorscope, VTSG, ATSG, and TV receiver (or color monitor, audio amplifier, and speakers).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG ESTABLISH A VISUAL INFORMATION (VI) MAINTENANCE PROGRAM 113-631-8003 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given assigned equipment and personnel, authorized parts and materials, unit standing operating procedures (SOPs), technical manuals (TMs), DA Forms 2404, DA Form 2405, DA Forms 2407, DA Forms 2765, DD Forms 314, FAA Forms 6030-1 (or locallyproduced log forms), DA Pam 738-750, AR 750-1, and manufacturers' manuals.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures Results 6. Train equipment operators to perform PMCS within their authorized level of maintenance as outlined in applicable technical manuals. a. Operator maintenance includes: (1) Cleaning, dusting, and wiping equipment. (2) Checking for loose or frayed cables. (3) Checking that power is connected to the equipment. (4) Maintaining proper operation and levels of equipment.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Subject Area 12: DESIGN/DEVELOP DESIGN AN AUDIOVISUAL (AV) SYSTEM 113-575-9006 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a computer (CPU 386 or higher speed and capacity) with a math coprocessor (387 or equivalent), 5 MB of RAM (or higher), monitor (14- to 19-inch VGA or higher resolution), video drive card (with built-in memory), hard drive (120 MB or higher), floppy drive (1.2 MB, 5-1/4 inch), floppy drive (1.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Performance Measures Results 16. Add legends and notes to clarify specifics about a particular drawing. Include such items as the component identification, signal levels, circuit and subcircuits, and reference drawing identification. P F Evaluation Guidance: Score the soldier a GO if all steps are passed (P). Score the soldier a NO-GO if any step is failed (F). If the soldier fails any step, show what was done wrong and how to do it correctly.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG DESIGN A CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV) SYSTEM 113-631-8004 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a requirement for a CCTV system, a specified number of locations requiring TV receivers or monitors, TV receiving antenna (or cameras), tape measure, and manufacturers’ manuals. Standards: The standards are met when the CCTV system design supports mission requirements. Performance Measures Results 1. Determine amplification specifications of the CCTV system. a.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG PERFORM A VISUAL INFORMATION (VI) SITE SURVEY 113-631-8005 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a date, time, general location, basic requirement, and POC for the remote. Standards: The standards are met when the site survey is conducted with electrical power requirements, necessary phone lines, and required equipment and personnel noted. Performance Measures Results 1. Contact the site POC to coordinate the site survey. P F 2.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG INSTALL A REMOTE BROADCAST SITE 113-575-1007 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given a broadcast production system equipped with monitoring and processing equipment, antenna mast with waveguide, power generators, transmitter trailer, wood chock blocks, audio and video cables, telephone cords, power cables, electronic equipment tool kit, manufacturers' manuals, and daily activity log.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG DEVELOP TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT PROCUREMENT 113-631-8006 Conditions: In a tactical or garrison environment, given Other Procurement (OP) Requirement Documents, technical reference manuals, and equipment catalogs. Standards: The standards are met when requirements, priorities, and funding approval are established following MILDEP procedures and recommendations. Performance Measures Results 1. Plan for equipment replacement and expansion. P F 2.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX A – SOLDERING TIPS AND GUIDELINES A-1. Introduction. In the course of your military career, as required by your MOS, you will operate, inspect, troubleshoot, and repair highly advanced electronic equipment. In many cases, faulty soldering connections cause equipment malfunctions. These faulty connections may be traced to the improper use of methods or tools in the manufacture or in the maintenance of the malfunctioning equipment. A-2. Purpose.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Carelessness and the disregard of safety regulations are the two major causes of accidents. Failure to observe a simple safety precaution can result in lost work hours, serious injury, ruined equipment, and even death. Reduce the probability of receiving a serious injury or burn by using common sense and by observing the following safety precautions: a. Exercise caution when handling soldering irons. b. Support large work pieces securely while soldering. c.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG a. Accessories. The various accessories available for the soldering station make it suitable for such work as controlled desoldering of any solder joint configuration, printed circuit board (PCB) machining, conformal coating removal, high strength reflow soldering, and accurate component lead forming. In addition, a two-position foot pedal switch allows hands-free application of power to the various tools in the system.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (3) Thermal shunts (Figure A-5), commonly called heat sinks, are used to protect heat-sensitive devices and components by dissipating the heat from the soldering iron or gun. The heat sink, usually a clip-on device, is placed on the lead to be soldered between the solder connection and the component. Figure A-5.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (6) A typical lead-cleaning tool (Figure A-8) is composed of 1/2-inch of tinned copper shielding braid mounted in a spring-type holder. The lead to be cleaned is clamped between the braided copper and moved back and forth. The copper will remove any oxidation and dirt particles from the lead. A typewriter-ink eraser with a 1/2-inch slit in one end is normally used to clean terminals and other areas. The eraser material contains ground abrasive pumice. Figure A-8.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (10) Soldering aids are used for desoldering components. The slotted ends are for moving and lifting component leads and the pointed ends are used to remove solder from the terminal holes and slots. Figure A-11 shows the most common types of soldering aids. Figure A-11. Common Soldering Aids A-6. Solder. Solder is a metal alloy composed primarily of tin and lead that has a relatively low melting point.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG c. Solder fillet is a smooth concave buildup of solder between connected metal surfaces. d. Wicking is a condition in which the capillary action of a metallic surface causes the flow of molten solder. e. Wetting is a condition in which molten solder properly flows, covers, and bonds to metal surfaces. f. Tinning is coating metal surfaces with a uniform layer of solder. A-9. Preparation of Wires. Prior to soldering a wire to any terminal, the wire must be prepared.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure A-12. Wire Conditions after Stripping A-10. Tinning. Place the wire on the soldering iron tip near the insulation. Place solder on top of the wire and move wire toward the cut end. This will draw the solder down the wire giving an even tinning action. Tin quickly to avoid insulation damage. Figure A-13 shows acceptable and unacceptable stranded wire tinning. a.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure A-13. Acceptable and Unacceptable Lead Conditions Figure A-14.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG A-11. General Soldering Procedures. Whenever practical, connections shall be mechanically secure prior to soldering. Soldering of a connection shall be accomplished in such a manner as to aid the mechanical strength, increase the electrical conductivity, and provide an airtight covering to prevent corrosion from developing between the wire and the terminal. Do not use activated flux-cored solders (acid) and activated liquid (paste) fluxes unless specifically directed. A-12.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG A-14. Clean Excess Solder. Clean excess solder from the board before replacing the component. a. Place the lead of the component into the holes on the board. b. Bend leads under the board to make contact with the etching run. c. Place a clamp on the end of the component being soldered. d. Apply the soldering iron and solder to the lead on the board until the solder adheres to the lead and the board, usually a three-count heat. e. Clean excess solder from board. A-15.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX B – BASIC CIRCUIT GUIDELINES, TIPS, AND COMPONENT SYMBOLS B-1. Introduction. This appendix covers the basic fundamental troubleshooting procedures that can assist the trainer and soldier to complete tasks referred to in this appendix.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (3) Diodes. All diodes can be checked for an open or shorted condition by measuring the resistance between the terminals. Use an ohmmeter set to the 1k scale to keep from damaging the diode for measuring the diode resistance. The resistance should be very high in one direction and very low when the ohmmeter leads are reversed. (4) Resistors. Resistors can be checked with an ohmmeter. Check the replaceable electrical parts list for the tolerance of the resistors used in the instrument.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure B-1.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure B-1.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX C – OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT GUIDELINES C-1. Vibrating Frequency. The natural vibrating frequency of a crystal depends on its size and how it is cut from the basic crystal (XTAL) material. The thickness of the crystal is the predominate factor in determining the vibrating frequency. The thinner a crystal is cut, the higher its natural vibrating frequency is. Obviously, when cut too thin, the crystal will be too fragile for practical use.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG C-3. Voltage Testing. Voltage testing at the transistor terminals will determine whether or not the transistor is conducting. If conducting, and there is a problem in the circuit, the trouble must be in the feedback or frequency control circuits. If not conducting, voltage values may indicate the area of probable trouble. C-4. Continuity and Resistance Tests. Continuity and resistance tests will normally indicate and confirm the trouble.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG c. Now suppose that when you checked the output of the Hartley oscillator there was no AC output, but a check of the tank circuit indicated that it was working normally. Then the most likely cause of the malfunction would be the amplifier. If Ql were to open or short, the voltage readings present on the elements of the transistor would be quite different from the readings present when the transistor is operating normally. A comparison between these readings is a good place to start.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG C-7. Troubleshooting Oscillator Circuits. a. If the phase shift oscillator has no output signal, there will be no signal present at any point within the circuit because it develops its own signal with only a DC voltage applied. However, the circuit in Figure C-3 has a second stage, so signal tracing is necessary to determine which stage is malfunctioning. There is no need for using external triggering when troubleshooting because the only interest is the presence or absence of a signal.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX D – COMMON EMITTER, COMMON BASE, AND COMMON COLLECTOR AMPLIFIERS GUIDELINES D-1. Introduction. If there is an input signal to the amplifier but no output signal or a distorted output signal, then the trouble is localized to the amplifier. It must be determined whether the trouble is caused by the transistor or by other circuit components. a. Voltage testing will usually determine if the transistor is or is not conducting.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (2) If the bypass capacitor opens, there will be an inverse current feedback in the emitter and this will decrease the gain. When the bypass capacitor is open, all the DC potentials remain the same. Besides human error (measuring the wrong point), the only way you can observe the output of a common emitter in phase with the input is to have a short between the base and the collector and thus, you would have no gain.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG D-5. Theory, Operational Characteristics, and Troubleshooting Procedures for Bipolar and FETType Amplifiers. a. The CE amplifier, shown in Figure D-2, is probably the most widely used type of amplifier in existence, because it is the only bipolar configuration capable of amplifying both voltage and current. b. As you recall, Rl and R2 form a voltage divider network that provides the forward biasing potential for Ql. R3 provides the collector with a load for proper operation.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG b. A positive signal applied to the emitter, through Cl, causes Ql to decrease its conduction, increasing the output voltage. A negative signal applied to the emitter causes Ql to increase its conduction, decreasing the output voltage. D-7. Common Collector (CC) Amplifier. Table D-3. CC Component Functions Figure D-4. CC Component Amplifier a. The CC amplifier is used mostly for current amplification. Its current gain is high, while its voltage amplification is always less than one.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG c. R2 Increase and Decrease. Since R2 is used for stabilization, increasing or decreasing R2 will have a smaller effect on the common emitter's Q point. Nevertheless, it will change. When R2 increases in value, the Q point will move towards saturation, because the bias point will increase slightly. If R2 decreases in value, the Q point will move toward cutoff, since the base bias point will decrease slightly. Once again, this means there will be a change in the class of operation. d.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX E – RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER GUIDELINES E-1. Troubleshooting RC-Coupled Amplifiers. When there is no AC signal output, or if the output is weak or distorted, it is assumed that the trouble has been localized to the amplifier circuit by noticing the input signal is normal but the output is abnormal. General practice is to check the transistor first, since the transistor is the most likely cause of the trouble.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG E-2. Collector Voltage. The two extreme cases are full VCC voltage at the collector and zero collector voltage. Both can prevent signal output, but for entirely different reasons. a. Zero collector voltage means that the DC path for collector current to the VCC supply is open. Look for an open collector load resistor or an open decoupling resistor (if there is one present in the circuit). b. Full VCC present at the collector means that the collector circuit is not open.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX F – MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUITS TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDELINES F-1. Basic Approach to Troubleshooting Multivibrator (MV) Circuits. In troubleshooting MV circuits, as in troubleshooting any other circuit, try to isolate the stage before looking at specific components. The test equipment and tools used for troubleshooting can vary from common to highly specialized equipment. The instruments considered essential for multivibrator circuits are a multifunction meter and an oscilloscope. a.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG j. If the transistor in the circuit is suspected of being at fault, isolate the leads and check the frontto-back resistance ratios of the emitter-base junction and the collector-base junction. A high-resistance reading in both directions is an indication of a probable malfunction. An in-circuit check of the transistor can be made and the readings compared with an operational circuit. This process is helpful when the leads of the transistor cannot be isolated. k.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (5) If the two outputs are not symmetrical, then an adjustment of R6 should correct this problem. (6) Any change in the values of resistors and capacitors in the base circuits of the two transistors would have an effect on the output frequency. If Dl or D3 became shorted, the collectors of the two transistors would no longer be isolated from the charge and discharge paths of C3 and C4.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG c. Monostable MV. (1) Without an input trigger pulse, the monostable MV remains in its static condition. When the circuit is not developing an output, it must be determined if the multivibrator is at fault or if the trigger circuit is at fault. There must not only be an input trigger; it must also have sufficient amplitude to trigger the circuit. If a stable trigger is present and there is no output, then the trouble is localized to the MV circuit. (2) Refer to Figure F-3.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX G – DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER GUIDELINES G-1. Modes of Operation. The differential amplifier has different modes of operation and so the symptoms caused by malfunctions may not always be the same. Study the schematic diagram (Figure G-1) to determine which mode of operation is being used and then consider the trouble symptoms with respect to that mode of operation. Figure G-1. Differential Amplifier G-2. Signal Tracing.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG c. If the output signal on the collector of Ql is missing, check Ql and its load resistor (R3). If Q2's collector signal is missing or incorrect, check Q2 and its load resistor (R5). d. After completing signal tracing, DC voltage measurements will isolate the malfunction. Keep in mind that there is a 24V difference in potential between -VCC and +VCC and the sum of the individual voltage drops should be equal to 24V.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX H – CAPACITOR GUIDELINES NOTE: If an unexpected breakdown occurs, locate and correct the fault by using careful troubleshooting methods. The goal of troubleshooting is to analyze the symptoms and get to the source with a minimum of delay. H-1. General. Capacitors can short, become leaky (a partial short), or open completely. Electrolytic capacitors normally allow a small amount of leakage current. Resistance readings of about 50k ohms or higher are generally current.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX I – LOW PASS FILTER GUIDELINES I-1. Introduction. In electronic circuits, defective capacitors and inductors must be isolated and replaced. Faulty resistors can usually be identified using an ohmmeter, but this is not always the case with capacitors and coils. Small values of inductance or capacitance will read as constant shorts or opens, respectively. In the field, often the best step in troubleshooting is a physical inspection of the circuit that is malfunctioning.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG d. Shorted Inductors. There are two types of shorts that can occur in an inductor; complete shorts and partial shorts. Excessive current heating the wires and breaking down the insulation so that the wires short together may cause shorts. Very small inductance has small resistance and they may be difficult to test with an ohmmeter. When all tests indicate that the coil may be shorted, substitution is the final test.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX J – HIGH PASS FILTER GUIDELINES J-1. Introduction. In a high pass filter (HPF), as shown in Figure J-1, the capacitor will pass high frequencies. At low frequencies, the capacitor will block any current flow through it; thus no current is allowed to pass through the load. Figure J-1. High Pass Filter with an Open Capacitor J-2. Open Capacitors. An open capacitor cannot charge; therefore, there will be no charging current.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX K – BANDPASS FILTER GUIDELINES K-1. Introduction. A bandpass filter is designed to pass frequencies within a continuous band, limited by upper and lower cutoff frequencies, and to substantially reduce or attenuate all frequencies above and below that band. Figure K-1 shows an example of a bandpass filter. Figure K-1. Bandpass Filter K-2. Open Capacitor in the Parallel LC Tank Circuit.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG K-4. Completely Shorted Parallel Tank Circuit Components. If either of the parallel tank circuit components were to go completely short, the load would also be effectively shorted. The output voltage would drop to zero at all frequencies (see Figure K-2D). As with any short, the current drawn from the source would increase and one or more components might burn out. This condition would most likely occur at or near the resonant frequency of the series components. K-5.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure K-5. Series Component Opens Figure K-6. Band Reject Filter NOTE: Refer to Figures K-5 and K-6 for the following discussion. a. If the series inductor (Ll) opens, the frequency response curve will resemble that of a high pass filter because the series capacitor (Cl) will attenuate (block) the lower frequencies (Figure K-5A). If the series capacitor (Cl) opens, the series inductor (Ll) yielding a frequency response curve similar to Figure K-5B will attenuate the higher frequencies.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure K-7. L2 or C2 Open e. If either series component (Ll or Cl) were to completely short, the entire series portion of the circuit would be shorted. Without any series impedance in the circuit, the voltage normally dropped by the tank would have to be dropped by the load. Once again, the whole circuit would be less efficient at rejecting the frequencies within the rejection band. As with any short, burnout could occur.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX L – COIL GUIDELINES L-1. Malfunctions. A coil can malfunction in either of two ways: an open or a short. The most common instrument used to check a coil is an ohmmeter. L-2. Resistance. A good coil should have some resistance from one end of its wire to the other, but it should not read infinity. If it does, then the wire is broken. This is an indication of an open coil. L-3. Shorts. A short may be more difficult to find.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX M – TRANSFORMER GUIDELINES M-1. Introduction. Transformers (XFMRs) are extremely reliable devices because they have no moving parts to wear out. Most XFMRs fail due to current overload. The maximum current that can be drawn from the secondary normally rates XFMRs. As long as these currents are not exceeded, XFMRs normally have a long operational life. However, other circuit component failures can cause excessive current and XFMR damage. M-2. Open Windings.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX N – DIODE TESTING GUIDELINES N-1. Introduction. As shown in Figure N-1, a diode will exhibit different resistances for different lead positions of an ohmmeter. A multimeter, when placed in the ohmmeter function, has a polarity applied to its leads. You can determine which lead is the negative lead by consulting the technical manual for the multimeter you are using. Figure N-1.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG N-2. Diode Front-to-Back Ratio Check. A multimeter can be used as an ohmmeter to check the condition of a solid-state diode. Check the resistance ratio. Diodes must have a reverse-to-forward resistance ratio of at least 10:1. This means that a diode's reverse-bias resistance must be at least 10 times as great as its forward-bias resistance (Figure N-2). Figure N-2. Resistance Ratio (Good/Bad) N-3. Malfunctions. a.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX O – CLIPPER AND CLAMPER CIRCUITS GUIDELINES O-1. Introduction. Diode clipper circuits consist primarily of a diode and a resistor, where the diode is in series or parallel with the output signal. The clamper adds a capacitor to the circuit and there are various arrangements for this circuit. These circuits can have either positive, negative, or zero bias applied.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG In a positive or negative diode clamper with zero reference level (Figure O-1), if the resistor or diode were to short there would be no output. If the capacitor were to short, the circuit would act as a half-wave rectifier. An open in the diode would cause the output to appear with equal parts of the waveform above and below a zero reference. Figure O-1. Positive Diode Clamper with Zero Reference Level a. A square wave is applied to the coupling circuit of C and R.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Some circuit applications require an input waveform that is clamped to some DC level other than zero volts or ground. To obtain this type of clamping, a biased clamper is used. a. Clamping may be to a positive or negative level. Except for the addition of a fixed voltage in series with the diode, these circuits operate exactly the same as unbiased clampers. The bias voltage determines the level to which the waveform will be clamped. b.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX P – ZENER DIODE AND REGULATOR GUIDELINES P-1. Zener Diode. A solid-state diode may develop either an open or a short; that is, its resistance may approach zero or infinity in both the forward and reverse directions. Normally, the forward resistance of a diode should be much lower than its reverse resistance. In the Zener, due to its heavy doping, its reverse resistance can be broken down much more easily than a regular diode.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG a. A shorted Ql would cause excessive current to flow in the circuit, which may or may not cause several associated malfunctions. At any rate the circuit would lose its ability to regulate the output voltage. If the circuit were to continue to operate, the output voltage would be too high. b. If D1 were to open, Rl would get very little current. Since it would drop very little voltage, the base of Ql would get a much higher positive potential.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG c. Other components, including R3 and R5, could cause trouble as well. (1) If resistor R3 were to open, then the base of Q2 would be less positive than before. This would cause Q2 to approach cutoff and the collector voltage of Q2 would increase. (a) This would cause transistor Ql to become more forward-biased, thus causing its voltage drop to decrease. More of the input voltage would be passed on to the load device, so the output voltage would increase.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (4) Transistor Ql could also develop a short or an open. If an open were to occur in either the emitter or the collector, the current that would normally flow through the load device could no longer flow. Therefore, the output voltage would drop to zero and the voltage drop across Ql would be at or near the value of the input voltage. (5) Now, what if Ql were to develop a short? Once again, the symptoms would depend on the exact location of the short.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX Q – LOGIC CIRCUITS GUIDELINES (INCLUDING DIGITAL MATHEMATICS) Q-1. Introduction. Troubleshooting digital circuits is not much different from troubleshooting circuits with discrete components. Either the circuit performs correctly or it does not. One advantage of digital circuits is that there are only two voltage levels to check, high and low. If both of these voltages are correct, the problem is normally in an integrated circuit (IC) or a run. a.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG b. When the tip is touched to a pin with logic high, the light becomes bright. When the tip is touched to ground or a logic low, the light goes out. As you can see, this method of checking logic levels is much quicker and easier than using a voltmeter. Figure Q-1. Logic Probe Q-4. Logic Pulser. The logic probe is not the only troubleshooting tool used in logic circuits. Another useful tool is the logic pulser. Like the probe, the pulser uses a +5V supply for its power. a.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure Q-3. High Output b. The pulser is connected to a typical logic low, 1V. When the push-button is depressed, the pulser generates a negative and a positive pulse, which causes the point in the circuit to go to zero volts (still a logic low), then to a logic high, then back to its original 1V level. Effectively, a pulser changes a logic high to a logic low for an instant and a logic low to a logic high for an instant.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (1) Using the decimal system in electronics would be quite difficult and elaborate because for a circuit to count there would have to be 10 distinct level changes to represent the 10 distinct symbols. A new system of counting must be used with digital circuitry and that is the binary number system. (2) In a binary number system, there are only two symbols used (0 and 1). These can be represented with electrical signals rather easily.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (1) The symbol for disjunction is (+), so the logic function can be written as "A + B = C" and is read as "A OR B = C". (2) An OR gate is the logic circuit that performs the mathematical operation of disjunction. Table Q-3 lists all the possibilities for this operation. Table Q-3. Possibilities for Disjunction A+B=C A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 C 0 1 1 1 f. Negation.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG constants, the variables in the theorems of Boolean algebra can only assume a 1 or a 0. Table Q-6 lists the 13 basic theorems. Table Q-6. Thirteen Basic Theorems T-1 A AND 0 = 0 T-2 0 AND A = 0 T-3 A AND 1 = A T-4 1 AND A = A T-5 A AND = A T-6 A AND A _ A = 0 T-7 A OR 0 = A T-8 0 OR A = A T-9 A OR 1 = 1 T-10 1 OR = 1 T-11 A OR A _ A = A T-12 A OR A = 1 A = A T-13 h.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (3) The Associative Law: It makes no difference in what order parts of an AND or an OR expression are combined: A(BC) = ABC A + (B + C) = A + B + C (4) The Idempotent Law: If a binary variable is ANDed with itself or ORed with itself, the binary value of the output will be that of the input variable.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG binary can quickly result in numbers with 20 or more digits. This leads to the use of decimal, octal, and hexadecimal numbers for the purpose of converting the large binary numbers to shorter, easier-to-use expressions. Converting a number to a different base is often necessary. A great number of conversional methods exist, but only a few are useful in practice. The methods used in this text were selected for their simplicity and practical application. b. The Decimal System.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (5) Since each place to the left of the decimal point represents a power of 10, see in this example how the number 42,337 can be written using powers of 10. 4 2 3 3 7 x x x x x 104 103 102 101 100 = 40,000 = 2,000 = 300 = 30 = 7 42,337 Total (6) Many students make a common error when they count the number of digits to the left of the decimal point, and give that digit a power equal to the number of places counted.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (d) Add the decimal values. This is the decimal equivalent of the binary number. (4) Using the procedure above, conversion of binary 10 (one, zero) to a decimal is illustrated in the following: Power of 2 21 20 Decimal Equivalent 2 1 Binary Number 1 0 2x1=2 1x0=0 210 (5) Conversion of a binary 101 to a decimal number is illustrated in the same manner.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (8) With the knowledge of place value, recognizing and counting binary numbers from 1 to 10 is easy. Table Q-9 shows the relationship between the decimal and binary numbers 1 through 10. Table Q-9. Relationship of Decimal and Binary Numbers Decimal Binary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 = = = = = = = = = = 1 10 11 100 101 110 111 1000 1001 1010 (9) Division can do conversion of decimal numbers into binary numbers. Divide the decimal number by the binary base number 2.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (13) Using the short division method, note the conversion of the decimal number 55. Remainder 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 55 27 13 6 3 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 The binary equivalent of decimal 55 = 1101112. (14) Conversion of a large decimal number such as 10050 is accomplished in the same manner. Remainder 2 10050 2 5025 2 2512 2 1256 2 628 2 314 2 157 2 78 2 39 2 19 2 9 2 4 2 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 Thus, 1005010 = 100111010000102. d. Binary Addition.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG 1010 + 11 11012 (4) 10 +3 1310 (8 + 0 + 2 + 0) (2 + 1) (8 + 4 + 0 + 1) Another example of binary addition and the conversion is shown. (Carries 11) 1101 13 (8 + 4 + 0 + 1) +6 (0 + 4 + 2 + 0) +0110 1910 100112 (5) Anytime there is a combination of two 1’s, the result is 0 with a carry of 1. When there are three 1’s in the same column, the result is 1 with a carry of 1. This is illustrated in these two examples.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Q - 14
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (4) When subtracting larger binary numbers, complete the borrowing process before subtracting to reduce any chance of error. For example, to subtract 1012 from 10002 requires borrowing a 1 from the next-higher-order filled column. Looking at the problem, 1000 -101, the only filled column is the one on the far left.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG binary readouts are displayed on a light panel. As a technician performing maintenance tests, you may have to compare a binary readout to an octal reference. (2) The base of the octal number system is 8, which means that only eight symbols are used. The symbols are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. The place value of each octal digit is expressed in powers of eight as shown here. 810 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 (3) Octal counting proceeds from 0 to 7 just as in decimal.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (6) Binary to octal conversion is commonplace. A typical binary indication using a light panel (display register) is shown in Figure Q-4. Figure Q-4. Binary Indication (7) The 18 lights have one of two states, OFF or ON, representing a binary 0 or 1. For the purpose of this appendix, OFF represents a binary 0 and ON represents a binary 1. (8) To convert the binary readout to an octal number, divide the lights into groups of three, starting at the far right.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (13) Converting a large binary number directly to decimal can be time-consuming. Using the octal system, the conversion to decimal is more rapid because there are fewer digits in an octal number. The octal number system is often used in input-output units of a digital computer, while the computer still uses binary to perform its calculations. (14) The next conversion to cover is the decimal to octal number. Use the same method used in the decimal to binary conversion.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (3) Applying this method, the conversion of binary number 101101011111100011012 to a hexadecimal looks like this: 1011 0101 1111 1000 1101 11 5 15 8 13 8 5 F 8 D Binary Decimal Hexadecimal (4) We went from binary to decimal, then to hexadecimal. This was done to better acquaint you with the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal letters. Now that you have seen this, you should be able to convert directly from binary to hexadecimal.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG b. AND function. An AND gate performs the mathematical operation of conjunction as discussed earlier. It requires that all inputs are present at the same time to get an output. The symbol for an AND gate is shown in Figure Q-5 along with the Boolean algebraic expression, truth table, and waveforms. Figure Q-5. AND Gate (1) A typical IC that performs the AND function may have four gates in one IC or there may be only one gate depending on the inputs.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG c. OR Gate. The OR gate performs the mathematical operation of disjunction. Any input or all inputs present will produce an output. Figure Q-8 shows the symbol, truth table, Boolean expression, and waveforms. Figure Q-8. OR Gate d. NOT Function. The NOT function is performed by an inverter that performs the mathematical operation of negation. An inverter is an amplifier with an inverted output. Figure Q-9 shows the inverter. Figure Q-9.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG e. NAND Function. A NAND gate can be defined as the complement of an AND gate. Reviewing the truth table for an AND gate, a truth table for the NAND gate can be written easily (Table Q-13). Table Q-13. Truth Tables AND Table A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 NAND Table C 0 0 0 1 A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 C 1 1 1 0 (1) Nothing has changed except the outputs, which are inverted. There are two ways of constructing this gate with AND, OR, and NOT gates.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (4) The second way of constructing a NAND gate is to feed the inputs into an AND gate and then invert the output. This method and truth table are shown in Figure Q-13. Figure Q-13. NAND Gate (alternate) _ _ __ (5) Therefore, as shown in Figures Q-12 and Q-13, A + B = AA. A typical NAND IC would have the symbol shown in Figure Q-14. Figure Q-14. NAND Gate Symbol f. NOR Function. NOR is another type of gate that can be constructed from the three basic gates (AND, OR, and NOT).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (3) From the truth table in Figure Q-15, you can see that this configuration satisfies the definition of a NOR gate. The second way to perform the NOR function is to feed the inputs into an OR gate and then invert the output. Figure Q-16 shows this operation. Figure Q-16. NOR Gate (alternate) __ _ _ (4) This arrangement also satisfies the definition of a NOR gate and tells us that AB = A + B. The common symbol is shown in Figure Q-17. Figure Q-17.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure Q-20. XOR Gate (1) Looking at the truth table, you can derive a Boolean expression for the XOR gate: _ _ AB + AB = C (2) The gates required to perform these expressions can now be established. Figure Q-21 shows the XOR construction. This configuration satisfies the definition of an XOR gate. Figure Q-21. XOR Gate h. Exclusive NOR (XNOR). A XNOR is the complement of the XOR gate. By inverting the outputs of the XOR, the circuit is changed into an XNOR.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG i. Inhibited Gates. An inhibited gate is a type of gate that has logic level inputs that are different from each other. Figure Q-22 is an example of an inhibited AND gate. Figure Q-22. Inhibited Gate (1) Input A must be low and input B must be high to make output C high. (2) Any type of gate could be arranged to act as an inhibited gate by inverting one or more of the inputs before the gate itself. Q-8. Flip-Flops (FF).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG may be new to you. The first is Qn, which indicates the state of Q at a certain time n. Qn usually represents the state of Q prior to the changing of inputs. All this statement is saying is that when both inputs are changed to a low state, the Q will not change states. The second new statement is Qn + 1, which is used to indicate the state of Q after the inputs were changed. As an example, look at the line in which R = 0 and S = 1. The FF now becomes set and Q = l.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (7) If at this time you made input R high, nothing would happen because the FF is already set. (NOTE: Most of the time this state can be assumed as the initial inactive condition of most FFs.) Now it can be seen that when input S goes high, the outputs will change and the truth table will look like this example. _ R S Q Q 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 (8) At this time, if S is returned low, you should see that there will be no change in the output states.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure Q-26. R-S Flip-Flop with State Indicator Outputs _ (14) The outputs would still be Q = 0 and Q = 1 in the RESET state. The truth table would be as shown in Table Q-17. Table Q-17. Truth Table S _ S R _ R Q _ Q 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Indeterminate state (15) R-S FFs are generally used in situations where a memory function is required which is not synchronized with the rest of the sequential circuits.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG c. Clocked R-S Flip-Flop. The clocked R-S FF is a special version of the R-S FF. (1) Suppose you had two signal sources such as two video signals to switch between. You could use an R-S FF to accomplish this. The only problem would be that when you command the FF to switch, it will do exactly that. You are familiar with switching between video sources; it is desirable to switch when the transition will not be seen. This means during the vertical blanking interval (VBI).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure Q-28. Clocked R-S Flip-Flop Table Q-18. Truth Table for Clocked R-S FF (3) R S CP Qn + 1 R S Qn + 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Qn Qn Qn equals 1 Qn 0 Qn * (Indeterminate) 0 0 Qn 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 * If CP is assumed to be present The clocked R-S FF is the basic circuit from which the remaining FFs will be derived. d. Master-Slave Principle. This far in our discussion, the only use for R-S FFs is as a simple storage device.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG negative edge of the clock. Thus the input is isolated from the output because only one FF is active at any time. Figure Q-29.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG e. Toggle Flip-Flop (T FF). In the T FF, the output changes state every time an activating input is applied. The T FF is often used as a connecting circuit. See Figure Q-30. Figure Q-30. Toggle Flip-Flop _ (1) Looking at the initial condition of the gates when Q = 0 and Q = 1, you can reason what will happen when the T input goes high. AND1 is disabled because Q = 0 which is fed back to AND1. _ AND2 receives an input from Q that is high, enabling AND2 when a high arrives.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG f. Data Flip-Flop (D FF). (1) In the previous FF, outputs were indeterminate. One way to eliminate this is to supply only one input called the data (D) input. Whichever state (high or low) is present prior to or during the clock will cause a change in the Q output when the clock pulse appears. Since the output will not change until the clock pulse arrives, this flip-flop is sometimes called the DELAY FF.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG g. J-K Flip-Flop. The J-K FF is the universal FF. It comes as a synchronous (non-clocked) and synchronous (clocked). The characteristics of the R-S and T FFs are combined in the J-K FF. (1) The new designations for the inputs were chosen so that the J-K function can be differentiated from the R-S functions. The J input can be likened to the S input and the K to the R input.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure Q-32.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG c. Characteristics. (1) Open loop voltage gain (AVOL) is the differential gain of the op amp with no feedback. The formula for this is: AVOL = VO Vid Vid = Vl - V2 (2) Note Figure Q-33 shows the circuit for measuring open loop characteristics. Figure Q-33. Circuit for Measuring Open Loop Characteristics (3) The gain is the output voltage (V1O) divided by the differential input voltage (Vid). The gain is listed at being infinite and is also negative, indicating inversion.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (6) The input resistance (Ri) is the resistance looking into the two inputs as seen in Figure Q-34. Ideally this value is 00; however in practice, the value ranges from about 5k to more than 20M. This value is measured in the open loop hookup and can be increased by adding feedback so that op amps can be used with high resistance signal sources. Figure Q-34.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure Q-36. Noninverting Amplifier e. The voltage follower, shown in Figure Q-37, is nothing more than a buffer stage with a gain of about 1. It has a very high input and a very low input for matching purposes. Figure Q-37. Voltage Follower f. The summing circuit (Figure Q-38) algebraically adds the inputs across a resistor network and gives the sum as the output. An example of its use would be in a color generator. Figure Q-38.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG g. The integrator (Figure Q-39) produces an integrated output and employs what is called feedforward. Figure Q-39. Integrator h. The differentiator performs much like the integrator. It too uses feed-forward. But after viewing it in Figure Q-40, you will note differences. Figure Q-40. Differentiator i. The voltage limiter (Figure Q-41) is used where the signal voltage at the output is not to exceed preset limits.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure Q-41. Voltage Limiter j. The differential comparator (Figure Q-42) is used to compare two voltage sources and produce a difference output. Figure Q-42. Differential Comparator Q-10. Special Integrated Circuits (ICs). In older equipment, a special circuit might have taken up an entire circuit board. Now these special circuits are housed within one IC chip.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX R – RELAY GUIDELINES R-1. Problems with Relays. a. The moving armature in a relay can cause malfunctions due to the fact that any moving part will eventually wear out. Also remember that the armature is attracted by a coil's magnetic field; if the coil burns out there will be no field to move the armature. The spring, the restoring force, can break or lose its tension, causing the armature to stay in its energized position even if the current flow through the coil is turned off.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG expected at contacts 2 and 4, with a zero volt reading at contact 5. Improper readings would indicate a malfunction. R-3. Ohmmeter Checks. a. Ohmmeter checks are performed with the power removed from the entire circuit and with the relay isolated from the rest of the circuit. A resistance check of the coil should usually read from 100 to 400 ohms on most relays. b.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX S - REFERENCE DATA FOR NATIONAL TELEVISION SYSTEMS COMMITTEE (NTSC) TELEVISION SYSTEMS, FUNDAMENTALS OF COLOR, AND OVERVIEW OF THE NTSC COLOR TRANSMISSION AND TELEVISION SYSTEMS PAGE Section I Reference Data for NTSC Television Systems S-1 Section II Composite Video Signal S-5 Section III Fundamentals of Color I S-8 Section IV Fundamentals of Color II S-11 Section V Compatibility and Reverse Compatibility in the NTSC Television Transmission Systems S-16 Section VI
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Table S-2. Propagation Delay Through Coaxial Cable (All figures are based on 0.66 velocity factor). 1 nsec 2 nsec 3 nsec 4 nsec 5 nsec 6 nsec 7 nsec 8 nsec 9 nsec 10 nsec = = = = = = = = = = 7.9 in. 15.7 in. 23.6 in. 31.5 in. 39.4 in. 47.2 in. 55.1 in. 63.0 in. 70.9 in. 78.7 in. = = = = = = = = = = 20 cm 40 cm 60 cm 80 cm 1.0 m 1.2 m 1.4 m 1.6 m 1.8 m 2.0 m 1o 5o 10o 15o 20o 25o 30o 60o 90o 180o 270o 360o = = = = = = = = = = = = 2 ft. 5 ft. 7 ft. 10 ft. 12 ft. 15 ft. 30 ft. 45 ft.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Table S-3. Details of Vertical Blanking PERIOD TIME Total Vertical field 1/60 = 0.0167 sec V Blanking 0.05 to 0.08V, or 0.0008 to 0.0013 sec Each V Sync pulse H/2 = 31.75 usec Total of 6 V Sync pulses 3H = 190.5 usec Each equalizing pulse 0.04H = 2.54 usec Each serration 0.04H = 2.54 usec Visible field time 0.92 to 0.95V, or 0.015 to 0.016 sec Figure S-2.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Table S-4. Details of Horizontal Blanking PERIOD Total H line TIME 63.5 usec H Blanking 9.5 to 11.5 usec H Sync pulse 4.75 +/-0.5 usec Front porch 1.27 usec (minimum) Back porch 3.81 usec (minimum) Visible line time 52 to 54 lines Figure S-3. Details of Horizontal Blanking and Sync Pulses (H equals 63.5 usec) Section II.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG S-1. Functions. a. The composite video signal includes the image signal obtained from the camera pickup, blanking pulses, and synchronizing pulses. The system uses blanking pulses added to the camera signal to prevent signals from appearing on the receiver screen during the retrace. It uses synchronizing pulses to synchronize transmitter and receiver scanning. b. A function of the synchronizing and scanning sections is the generation of the blanking signals.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG c. Vertical Synchronizing Pulse (Vertical Sync). Vertical sync pulses (Figure S-4) are rectangular pulses that synchronize the vertical scanning motion in the receiver precisely with the vertical scanning motion of the camera at the program originating point. These pulses are part of the transmitted composite video signal and have a frequency of 60 Hz. The vertical sync pulses have a duration of 3H versus 0.08H for horizontal sync pulses (1H is equal to 1 horizontal line or 63.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure S-4. Vertical and Horizontal Interval (part one) Figure S-5.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Section III. FUNDAMENTALS OF COLOR I S-4. Introduction. To understand color TV systems, a basic background in the fundamentals of color is essential. The entire concept of color television is based upon how our eyes react to light. From studies conducted on how we see, it was learned that the color signals would occupy a certain amount of space in the frequency bandwidth for color television.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG eye do not have time to respond to an image on the retina. The time threshold is also dependent upon the size, brightness, and color of the object. e. The above four factors are all-important factors taken into consideration in the development of the color system for television. The foregoing has shown how the eye can see. Let us now discuss the light sources, which we must have so the eye uses its seeing facilities. S-7. Light Sources.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure S-6. Radiant Energy Spectrum Figure S-7. Visible Light Spectrum Figure S-8.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG c. When the entire light spectrum from 400 to 700 nanometers is presented to the eye in nearly equal proportions, white light is seen. This white light is made up of various wavelengths that represent different colors. Passing light through a prism, as shown in Figure S-9 can show this composition. Figure S-9. Results when White Light Passes Through a Prism d. The light spectrum is broken up into various wavelengths, with each wavelength representing a different color.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG S-11. Luminosity Curve. The fact that the human eye does not perceive each color with equal efficiency is due in some way to the physical construction of the eye. It is believed that the cones of the retina respond to color stimuli and that each cone is terminated by three receptors. Each receptor responds to a different portion of the spectrum, with peaks occurring in the red, green, and blue regions.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG S-13. Color Information and Facts. Any given color, within limitations, can be reproduced or matched by mixing three primary colors. This applies to large areas of color only. a. Color vision for small objects or small areas is much simpler, because only two primary colors are needed to produce any hue. This is because that, as the color area is reduced in size, it becomes more difficult to differentiate between hues. b. For small areas, every hue appears as gray.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (1) When a secondary color is combined with its complementary primary, white is produced. For example, combining yellow with blue produces white. Cyan added to red produces white and magenta plus green gives white. (2) Carrying this one step further, the complementary colors added together produce white. Specific proportions of these colors must be used in order to produce white. c. Producing Colors. Since yellow + blue = white, and red + green = yellow, then red + green + blue = white.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (3) For practical purposes, the three-dimensional Maxwell triangle was converted to a twodimensional drawing and was designated the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage/International Commission on Illumination (CIE) Chromaticity Diagram. If we examine the diagram in Figure S-14, we see that the horseshoe curve, which is known as the spectrum locus, is graduated into numerals ranging from 400 in the left-hand corner to 700 at the extreme right. Figure S-14.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (7) When primary colors were selected for color television work, it was found that those primaries must, of necessity, be limited by the color phosphors that were available for the picture tube. Figure S-14 shows the actual location of the primaries (red, green, and blue) that are used in color television. (8) These points represent the primaries selected by the NTSC. They define a triangle within the boundaries of the Chromaticity Diagram.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG c. As previously stated, color television programs must be transmitted so they can be faithfully reproduced by present black and white receivers without any modifications. This feature is known as compatibility (Figure S-15). Figure S-15. Compatibility S-17. Reverse Compatibility. Black and white reception on a color receiver is the next requirement.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Section VI. THE NTSC COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM S-18. General. The NTSC is a research group set up by the leading equipment manufacturers and broadcasters. The NTSC examines all aspects of television, such as frequency, bandwidth, quality, power, color and method of transmission. a. A review of the standard bandwidth breakdown of a TV channel is presented now so that you can associate it with the bandwidth of the color signal when it is presented later (see Figure S-17).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure S-18. Distribution of Energy in a Frequency b. Since the scanning rates for the chrominance (color) and for the luminance (black and white) signals are the same, the concentrations of energy produced by both are spaced at the same intervals. It is feasible, therefore, that the bands of concentrated energy of the chrominance signal could be spaced between the bands of the luminance signal.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (1) Y (Luminance) = 0.30R + 0.59G + 0.11B; where: Y = a mathematical symbol representing the luminance signal, R = red signal, G = green signal, and B = blue signal. (2) This particular proportion was chosen because it closely follows the color sensitivity of the human eye. That is, if you take equal amounts of red, green, and blue light and superimpose the rays from these lights on a screen, you will see white.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (4) The terms monochrome and luminance are synonymous. They are also often referred to as the brightness signal. Every monochrome signal (video) contains nothing but the variations in amplitude of the picture signal; these amplitude variations at the picture tube produce changes in light intensity at the screen. b. The Color Signal. The second component of the television signal is the color signal itself. This, as we have just seen, is interleaved with the black and white signal.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure S-20. Black and White Video Energy Distribution Figure S-21. Placement of the Color Subcarrier (6) A very objectionable 0.92 MHz (920 kHz) signal is generated from the beat between the sound carrier and the color subcarrier (4.5 MHz to 3.58 MHz = 0.92 MHz). Experimental evidence has found that the beat is much less objectionable if the sound carrier frequency is a multiple of the horizontal scan frequency away from the video carrier frequency.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (7) This frequency is within the deviation limit set by the NTSC monochrome standards. With the horizontal scan frequency changed, the color subcarrier must be chosen to interleave. It must be an odd multiple of one-half the horizontal-scan rate. With 3.6 MHz as an upper limit, it was found that the 455th harmonic of half the horizontal scan rate becomes: F (color subcarrier) = 455 x 15,734.26 Hz = 3.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG a. Transmitting symmetrical or double sidebands of chrominance would mean that color definition would be limited to 0.5 MHz and color would be absent in all fine detail in the picture. However, it is possible to transmit the chrominance sideband vestigially; that is, with one side band suppressed the same as the black and white signal. Although this would extend the color definition to possibly 1.5 MHz, it is practical to transmit only one of the chrominance signals vestigially.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG i. The readjustment of chrominance signal phases is called high definition color transmission and is the system of color transmission used today. Since the chrominance axis in this system is not the same as R-Y and B-Y, they have been given new titles. One is called the I signal since it is nearest inphase to the burst or the reference subcarrier; the other is called the Q signal since it is in quadrature with the I signal. j.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure S-24. Simplified Block Diagram of an Encoder b. Matrixing is the process of repackaging the information contained in the red, blue, and green output signals from the color camera. The outputs of the matrix are the Y, I, and Q signals. (The I and Q signals were previously known as the R-Y and B-Y signals.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG c. The Y Signal is formed by applying the red, green, and blue pickup tube outputs to the base of an amplifier (see Figure S-25). Thus the three signals are in phase with each other, input and output. A resistor network (cross-connected voltage divider) determines that the amplitude of the Y amplifier output will consist of 30 percent red, 59 percent green, and 11 percent blue. This Y signal corresponds to the variations of brightness in the scene being televised.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG e. The Q Signal. Applying the green signal to the base and the red and blue to the emitter of the Q amplifier forms the Q signal. Here, the green is 180 degrees out of phase with the red and blue. The resistor network sets the percentages at 21 percent red, 52 percent green, and 31 percent blue. The resultant output of the transistor is 21% R + 31% B - 52% G (see Figure S-27). Figure S-27. Q Matrix (1) In the I matrix and amplifier, on the base there is we have +28 green +32 blue = -60.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG g. Two-Phase Modulation (Generation of the Color Signal). Refer to Figure S-28, where the I and Q output of the filter section feeds two doubly balanced modulators where two-phase modulation takes place. Two-phase modulation is a technique by which the I and Q signals can be combined into a twovariable signal for transmission over a single channel. This is accomplished by adding sidebands obtained through modulation of two 3.58 MHz carriers separated in phase by 90 degrees.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (3) In the mixer section of the colorplexer (refer to Figure S-24), the outputs of the Y, I, Q, and burst keyer sections are added together to form the composite color signal. NOTE: Sync is added in the luminance channel for a single color camera. (4) Figure S-29 shows the bandpass now formed with the addition of the I and Q signals. Figure S-29.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Section VII. TEST SIGNAL DESCRIPTIONS S-23. Full-Field Color Bars. The full-field color bar (Figure S-30) signal is used to check and adjust color picture monitor and receiver luminance, hue, and saturation levels. The signal represents a scene with high brightness and saturation. Figure S-30. Full-Field Color Bars S-24. Split-Field Color Bars. In addition to the full-field signals, some generators can provide a split-field color bar signal.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure S-32. EIA Color Bars S-25. Multiburst. The multiburst signal (Figure S-33) is used to check the frequency response of a system. The multiburst signal consists of a 100 IRE white flag and six equal amplitude packets of sine wave bursts at 0.5 MHz, 1.25 MHz, 2 MHz, 3 MHz, 3.58 MHz, and 4.1 MHz.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure S-33.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG S-26. Window. The window signal (Figure S-34) is used to check low frequency response and line-time distortion. Low frequency distortions can cause picture streaking, smearing, and ringing. Line-time distortion can also be measured with the window signal. Figure S-34.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG S-27. Field Square Wave. One use for the field square wave (Figure S-35) is to check field-time distortion (tilt), which causes shading from the top to bottom of a picture monitor display. Figure S-35.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG S-28. Flat Field. During the active portion of each field, this signal has a luminance level which is variable from 0 to 100 IRE increments, or the signal can be adjusted to bounce automatically between 10 and 90 IRE at a repetition rate variable from about 1 to 10 seconds. See Figures S-36 and S-37. Figure S-36.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure S-37.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG S-29. Linearity. Linearity test signals (Figure S-38) are used to measure nonlinear distortions such as differential gain, differential phase, and line time linearity. Figure S-38. Linearity Test Signals a. Differential gain is basically the change in the chrominance signal amplitude as the amplitude of the luminance signal changes between black and white. A picture affected by differential gain shows a change in the saturation of colors. b.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG S-30. Modulated Pedestal. The modulated pedestal signal (Figure S-39) consists of three chrominance levels (20, 40, and 80 IRE), superimposed on a 50-IRE pedestal, followed by a 50-IRE pedestal with no modulation. This signal is used to measure chrominance/luminance intermodulation. Figure S-39.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG S-31. SIN2 Pulse and Bar. The components of the pulse and bar signal are the 12.5T modulated pulse, the 2T pulse, and the T bar. The signal is used to perform a variety of linear distortion measurements. See Figures S-40 and S-41. Table S-6 lists some of the parameters measured with this signal and the distortions that can cause a change in these parameters. Table S-6.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure S-41. SIN2 Pulse and Bar Test Signal (continued) S-32. Noise. Noise encountered in a TV system is usually of the type called white or flat noise, which contains equal amounts of energy over a wide frequency spectrum. This noise mixes with the TV signal to produce unwanted distortion. a. Accurate measurement of noise is necessary to determine the amount of noise added by each stage of the TV system.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure S-42.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG b. In the deletion mode, the 147A and 1430 delete the entire active portion of the line and insert a noise-free pedestal. This pedestal establishes a zero noise reference at that point in the video chain. Another 147A or 1430 inserted in the video chain at a later point, used in the insertion mode, can determine the amount of noise generated between the two points. S-33. Vertical Interval Reference Signal (VIRS). VIRS consists of a 7.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure S-44. Single-Field Pulse Cross Display Figure S-45.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX T – EXCERPT FROM TECHNICAL BULLETIN (TB) 385-4 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Section I. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS T-1. Purpose. This bulletin prescribes minimum safety precautions to follow in the maintenance of electrical and electronic equipment. T-2. Scope. This bulletin is applicable to all US Army personnel responsible for planning, supervision, or actual work in a maintenance facility for electrical or electronics equipment.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Technical information and assistance in determining the advisability of granting waivers may be obtained by communicating with COMMANDER, US ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMAND AND FORT MONMOUTH, ATTN: DRSEL-SF-E, FORT MONMOUTH, NJ 07703. T-7. Reporting. Accidents causing injury to personnel or equipment damage shall be reported by the local safety office on DA Form 285. See AR 385-40 for specific requirements of accident reporting. Section II. ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT T-8.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG b. For pulsed electrical discharges (as from a capacitor), the distinction between categories (2) and (3) above do not exist, and the electrical energy (not current) determines the possibility of ventricular fibrillation. The currents passing through the human body which cause the various physiological responses are provided in Table T-1. The current path through the body influences the thresholds of these effects.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG T-12. Summary of Lethal Effects of Electric Current. a. If long continued, currents in excess of one's let-go-current may produce collapse, unconsciousness, and death. b. Currents flowing through the chest, the head, or nerve centers controlling respiration may produce respiratory inhibition.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG work will stop until they have been discharged, unless otherwise specified in maintenance/repair manuals. (1) Conductors used to dissipate the charge on capacitors or capacitive circuits should contain sufficient copper to dissipate the calculated maximum energy without excessive temperature rise, which endangers soldered joints, etc. The length of the shorting bar must be ample for the reach and the voltages involved. Connections made with a spring clip are not recommended.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG g. Knives, screwdrivers, or other thin-edged tools will not be used to remove vacuum tubes. Tube pullers will be used for hard-to-remove tubes. h. Fuse pullers are used to remove or replace fuses, except for removable fuseholders that are designed to remove by hand. Fuses will not be replaced while power is applied to the circuit. The circuit must be completely deenergized. Metal substitutes or higher-rated fuses will not be used to replace expended, burned-out fuses.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure T-1. Testing Insulating Floors l. When properly constructed and equipped, safety boards can be used to great advantage in accident prevention and first aid. Safety boards should be placed in any area where personnel work with dangerous voltages. Mobile facilities not utilizing safety boards should maintain required safety equipment in a central area of the facility readily accessible to all personnel.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (b) Rope, halyard, 3/8-inch, 25 feet, NSN 4020-00-174-3031. (c) Gloves, rubber, 3000 volts, sizes 9-12, NSN 8415-00-782-2140/41/42/43. (d) Goggles, safety, NSN 4240-00-052-3776. (e) Grounding stick; fabricated locally (Figure T-2). (f) Grounding cables, No. 10, stranded with clips; fabricated locally (Figure T-2). Figure T-2. Grounding Stick and Grounding Cables; Fabrication Diagram (g) Safety hook; fabricated locally (Figure T-3). (h) Flashlight (operational); Army-issue.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure T-3. Safety Hook; Fabrication Diagram NOTE: First aid kits, resuscitators, and snakebite kits may also be placed on board when approved by medical authorities. (5) Safety boards will be hung in an easily reached place in the area where work is performed. m. Bench tops in electrical/electronic repair shops should be nonconductive, and only a minimum of connected equipment should be on the bench tops. n.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG o. Inspect for worn spots, breaks, cracks in covering, and condition of connectors including mating with cable and bent or broken pins. Remove power before connecting or disconnecting cables, especially power-carrying cables. p. X-ray hazard may come from electrical equipment with over 10,000 volts. (1) The local Radiological Protection Officer (RPO) will be requested to determine if X-rays are produced and the extent of the hazard. Film badges will be worn when required by AR 40-14.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (1) If an interlock has a bypass position, this position should be used only when power is required during open door testing. Be extremely careful when interlocks are bypassed. (2) If an interlock does not have a built-in bypass position, do not bypass the interlock with a jumper or other device. The designer because of internally exposed points carrying over 500 volts has intentionally omitted the bypass. (3) Do not rely on an interlock to shut off power.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (9) Germicidal lamps and other ultraviolet sources. b. All of the above sources can be dangerous when viewed directly and are particularly hazardous when used in projector systems (collimating optics) or filtered to reduce the visible spectrum. The following minimum precautionary measures must be followed: (1) Do not view any high intensity source with the naked eye that causes discomfort.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG b. Laser Location. Laser equipment should be located in a work area away from heavily populated areas, isolated from nonlaser equipment, and employee travel routes, and preferably be within a fully enclosed room to prevent accidental exposure to personnel. c. Control systems.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (1) All high-voltage equipment and components will be shielded to protect personnel from electrical shock. The main power ON-OFF switch located on the equipment (clearly labeled as such) will cut off all power to the complete equipment. (2) All charging capacitors will be equipped with bleeder resistors which automatically discharge the system to 30 volts within 2 seconds or less when not in use.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (2) Free space transmission of microwave energy inside building areas or toward areas occupied by personnel will not be permitted. Whenever possible, the energy will be dissipated into a dummy load or other closed-end system. (3) Standing operating procedures (SOP) will be published and enforced.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG b. RF potentials induced in metal objects may be sufficient to cause electric shock when contacted by personnel. Although usually insufficient to electrocute personnel directly, the shock may cause the person involved to react violently and thereby cause injury by falling or striking some object. Smokestack guys, railings, aircraft, lengths of wire cable, and antennas may have sufficient voltage induced in them to constitute an electric shock hazard.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Section IV. MISCELLANEOUS HAZARDS T-23. Mercury. Very small amounts of mercury can vaporize and result in dangerous amounts of mercury vapor in the air. A time-weighted average (TWA) of 0.05 milligrams per cubic meter of air has been established by the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG h. Do the following whenever mercury is spilled: (1) Deactivate equipment, give the alarm, and activate exhaust systems that exhaust room air to the outside. (2) Deactivate air-conditioning systems. Close vents and doors that would allow mercury fumes and vapors to enter other work areas. (3) Leave the area and take action to assure that personnel are kept out of the contaminated area.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG T-25. Flammable Material. Flammable liquids, gases, and solids will not be stored in bulk quantity in the maintenance facility or area. The quantity of flammable liquids, gases, and solids stored within the facility shall be kept to the very minimum required for immediate use and safe efficient operation. Approval of local fire prevention personnel is required. T-26. Noise.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (2) Radiation levels are maintained so that an individual will not receive a radiation dose in excess of 2 millirems in any one hour. (3) Radiation levels are maintained so that an individual will not receive a dose in excess of 100 millirems in any seven consecutive days if he were continuously present in the area. (4) Airborne radioactivity will not exceed 2 x 10-7 uCi/ml for storage of tritium items and 2 x 10-12 uCi/ml for storage of radium items. c.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG WARNING If an item is broken or becomes unsealed, immediately notify the local RPO. Avoid personal contact with the damaged or defective item. The RPO shall advise and assist personnel of the procedures for safe decontamination and disposal of the radioactive material. If the RPO is unavailable and cannot be reached, use rubber or polyethylene gloves or forceps to pick up the radioactive materials to permeate the atmosphere.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG to determine the proper type of shielding to be used and its effectiveness with the particular source of radiation used. These handbooks are available from the Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office. (6) Radioactive material can enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and absorption through the skin, cuts, or wounds.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (i) If an individual receives a cut or skin abrasion while handling any radioactive item, or if radioactive material is inhaled or ingested, the medical officer will be given complete information as to radioisotope involved and conditions of exposure. See procedures given in (8) below for first aid instructions.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (f) All patients suspected of contamination with radioactive material should be taken to a medical facility where appropriate medical evaluation and treatment may be obtained at the earliest practical time.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Section VI. OTHER PRECAUTIONS T-33. Troubleshooting, Repairing, and Calibrating Equipment. a. Inspect all interlock safety switches and fuses to insure that they are in good condition. Safety devices, such as interlocks, fuses, circuit breakers, and limit switches, will not be bypassed unless removal is essential for performance as provided in pertinent manuals or SOP.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG i. Never put your hand on or near a capacitor bank or anything attached to a capacitor unless a hard ground wire has first been attached. In all but less than 1000-Joule capacitors, this has to be preceded by discharging through a resistive ground. (number of Joules equals 1/2 the capacitance in farads times the operating voltage squared, J = 1/2CV2). j.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG d. On mobile facilities, the vehicle will be grounded through a commercial power grounding system when commercial power is utilized. The grounding rod and grounding conductor furnished with the generator used for supplying power to the vehicle will be installed when generator power is utilized. The grounding rod provided with the vehicle will be installed in either case. Specific techniques for installing ground rods are in TM 5-765. e.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG T-36. First Aid Procedures for Shock Victims. a. Before touching a victim of electric shock, the circuit should be deenergized or the victim freed from the live conductor by using some suitable nonconductive object, such as a rope, dry wooden stick, or insulated pole. Artificial resuscitation procedures appropriate to the victim's condition should be started immediately.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (c) Relax immediately after each downstroke to permit natural expansion of the breast. (d) Repeat at the rate of about one per second. The compressions must be regular, smooth, and uninterrupted. If you are alone with the victim you must alternate mouth-to-mouth breathing with external cardiac compression at the ratio of about 2 to 15 (two breathes, then 15 heart compressions).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX U – PRINCIPLES OF MICROWAVE U-1. Introduction. Microwave transmitters play an important part of Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) transmission capabilities. The studio-to-transmitter link (STL) has long been and will continue to be the backbone of the commercial broadcast industry.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (2) In short-haul systems, the remodulating system offers comparable performance at a lower cost and with greater flexibility. (3) For systems up to 8 to 10 hops, the remodulating system is normally used; while for longer systems, heterodyne equipment is normally used. U-3. Basic Remodulating Transmitters. a.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (5) Weatherproof housing for portable equipment. (6) Ruggedized packaging for vehicular mobile equipment. c. Baseband Amplifier. The baseband amplifier is wideband (10 MHz or so) for best linearity and incorporates liberal feedback for stability. A 13 dB preemphasis is used which together with the receiver de-emphasis improves the overall signal to noise performance. Provision is also made for combining one or more audio voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (2) A more state-of-the-art approach uses a phase-locked oscillator as the microwave source. Here a microwave IC divider samples the oscillator output directly at 2 GHz. The output of the divider is at a frequency where standard transistor-transistor logic (TTL or T2L) ICs and techniques can be used to lock the oscillator to a crystal reference. The phaselock approach involves less hardware and is thus less expensive. h. Off-air Monitor.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure U-2. Receiver Block Diagram (2) Mixers are usually balanced mixers and often double balanced. If no low-noise amplifier (LNA) is used, the mixer determines the noise figure of the receiver that is in turn largely dependent on the diodes used. The mixer function is to produce an IF frequency by generating the difference between the local oscillator frequency and the received carrier frequency. n. Using a LNA.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG o. Other Noise Performance Factors. (1) The 70 MHz IF preamplifier is often mechanically integrated with the mixer to achieve best overall noise figure of the receiver. The preamplifier typically has 25-dB gain and is 50 to 60 MHz wide. (2) Optimum receiver noise performance is achieved when the minimum necessary bandwidth is used. This is typically 30 MHz to the 3-dB points for TV transmission.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG U-4. Basic Heterodyne TV Microwave. a. The receiver in a heterodyne system is almost identical to the remodulating receiver already discussed, the only difference since the output is taken at 70 MHz from the IF amplifier and connected to the heterodyne transmitter. A second IF output may be used to feed an optional 70 MHz demodulator (limiter, discriminator, and video amplifier) if a video drop is desired at the hop. b. Figure U-3 shows a heterodyne transmitter.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG U-5. Power Supplies. a. Whether remodulating or heterodyne, microwave equipment uses several different voltages to power the various active circuit components. These are usually low voltages in the 12 to 35 ranges that must be highly regulated and filtered for best performance. The power supply function is to convert the AC or DC main supply voltage to those required in the equipment. b. Figure U-4 shows a typical power supply system.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG b. In all uses, the deviation is generally 20 dB below the peak video deviation of 4 MHz. c. Program Audio Subcarriers. (1) The program audio subcarriers are generally modulated 75 kHz peak deviation at a 1 kHz test tone. Maximum audio bandwidth is almost universally 15 kHz. To allow adequate filtering of one subcarrier from the next, subcarriers are generally spaced at least 600 kHz apart (though occasionally a 400-kHz spacing is used).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (3) Due to residual nonlinearity in the microwave modulator and demodulator, as well as in the path, sometimes cross modulation of the video appears on the demodulated audio. The most annoying characteristic is a 15.7 kHz buzz caused by the video horizontal scanning frequency. Subcarrier demodulator manufacturers often include a 15.7 kHz notch in their audio-processing circuitry to suppress this tone.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (3) Grid Antennas. Cannot be used with cross-polarized feeds, as they will only reflect signals that are polarized in parallel with the grids. (4) Horns. Several variations of the horn antenna are available for microwave use. They are characterized by better radiation patterns than parabolic reflectors but their weight and windage requires heavy towers and their use is limited to severely congested areas. (5) Omni.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (a) Compressor/dehydrator units to supply regulated dry air can be fully automatic (the desiccant is dried out periodically by the unit) or semiautomatic (where the desiccant must be replaced or dried out by an operator). (b) To avoid rapid cycling of the compressor, the volume of air in the system should not be less than 1.5 cubic feet; this can be achieved in small systems by fitting a regulating tank. The typical loss per hundred feet of several types of feeder is listed in Table U-1.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (2) A passive repeater has equal gain receiving and transmitting. Gain here is defined as the ratio of the power at a given (far-field) point relative to that which would be received at that point if the passive were replaced by a matched isotropic antenna fed with the same RF power. U-8. Path Performance. a. Free Space Path Loss.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG d. K Factor. (1) The pressure and hence the density of the atmosphere surrounding the earth varies with height, getting less as the height increases and the weight of air above decreases. As a result, the dielectric constant also decreases with height and thus has a prismatic effect causing microwaves (and light waves) to bend towards the earth.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX V – INTERNATIONAL MARITIME SATELLITE (INMARSAT) V-1. The Magnaphone 2020P. a. Introduction. (1) The MX 2020P Magnaphone is Magnavox's affordable, high performance, satellite telephone. Its compact, single-case design makes the Magnaphone particularly appropriate for land-based applications that require portability and rapid deployment. Yet despite its low price, the Magnaphone comes with many advanced features not found on other systems.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG d. Features (Table V-1). Table V-1. Magnaphone 2020P Features Single case Lightweight Easy to deploy Ground fault protection Remote operation Multiple phone support External telephone intercom support Voice/data transmission Automatic voltage selection Telephone port gain adjustments Easy to use menu system Context sensitive help Four system configurations Full featured speakerphone Speed dialing e.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG f. Peripheral Devices. Table V-3. Magnaphone 2020P Peripheral Devices External printer with control cable Auxiliary phones Slow scan video External modem VHF/UHF radio repeater Fax machine Control Console extension cable PABX Secure voice terminal DC to AC inverter NOTE: A soft carrying case and a hard transit case are available as options for Magnaphones configured with umbrella antennas. g. Transit Cases.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG (d) Optional Control Console: 6 pounds (2.7 kg); 9 inches (H) x 10.7 inches (W) x 3.5 inches (D) (22.9 x 27.2 x 8.9 cm). (e) Optional Transit Case for Umbrella Antenna: 22 pounds (10 kg); 23 inches (H) x 12 inches (W) x 22 inches (D) (58.4 x 30.5 x 55.9 cm). (f) Transit Case for Aluminum Dish Antenna: 40 pounds (18.1 kg); 20 inches (H) x 36 inches (W) x 17 inches (D) (50.8 x 91.4 x 43.1 cm). (3) Communication Modes. Full duplex telex, 50 baud, and 66 wpm. Full-duplex voice service.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure V-1.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG APPENDIX W – DA FORM 5164-R (HANDS-ON EVALUATION) W-1. Introduction. The DA Form 5164-R (Hands-On Evaluation) allows the trainer to keep a record of the performance measures a soldier passes or fails on each task. Instructions for using this form follow. W-2. Prior to evaluating the soldier. a. paper. Obtain a blank copy of DA Form 5164-R, which you may locally reproduce on 8 1/2- by 11-inch b.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Figure W-1.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG GLOSSARY Section I Abbreviations 10X ten times A&E azimuth and elevation AAR After-Action Review AC alternating current/Active Component ACCP Army Correspondence Course Program ACGIH American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists ADA audio distribution amplifier AFC automatic frequency control; Army functional course AFRTS Armed Forces Radio and Television Service AFT automatic fine tuning AGC automatic gain control AIT Advanced Individual Training ALT a
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG attn attention AUD Audio; audition AUTO automatic AV audiovisual AWG American Wire Gauge B blue BB black burst BCT Basic Combat Training BFR broadcast facility record BFT battle-focused training BM bimonthly (frequency code) BNC back-in connector BNCOC Basic Noncommissioned Officer Course BOM bill of materials bps bits per second BT battery C capacitor C/Ku commercial satellite band CAD computer aided design or computer-aided drafting CAL calibratio
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG CD-ROM Compact Disk-Read Only Memory CE common emitter CG character generator Ci Curie CL component list CMF career management field CMR common mode rejection Co Cobalt coax coaxial CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPS composite picture signal CPU central processing unit CRM control room monitor CRT cathode-ray tube CW clockwise DA Department of the Army; distribution amplifier DAT digital audio tape dB decibel DC direct current DD Department of De
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG E-E electronics-to-electronics EHF extremely high frequency EIA Electronic Industries Association ENG electronic news gathering EPMS Enlisted Personnel Management System EQ equalization ETV educational television EXT external F fail fax facsimile FET field-effect transistor FF flip-flop FFWD fast forward FFZ First Fresnel Zone FIL filament FM field manual; frequency modulation; fpm Measurement of air velocity.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Hz hertz i.e.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG LPF low pass filter LS loudspeaker LTR/ltr letter M meter ma milliampere MACOM major Army command MAG magnification MAX maximum Mb megabyte MC master control MD Maryland ME mixed effects MED medical METL mission essential task list mg milligram MHz megahertz MIC microphone MIL military MILDEP military department MIS microphone input select ml milliliter mm millimeter MO monthly (frequency code) MOPP mission oriented protection/protective pos
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG MTS multichannel television sound MV multivibrator mW milliwatt N/C not connected or no connection NA not applicable NCO noncommissioned officer NRC Nuclear Regulation Committee nsec (ns) nanosecond NSN national stock number NTSC National Television Standards Committee OJT on-the-job training OMA Organizational Maintenance Activity OP other procurement OPA other procurement (Army) OPS/Ops operations OR Ocean Region OSC oscillator OSHA Occupational Safet
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG PHRH primary hand receipt holder PLDC Primary Leadership Development Course PM performance measure PMCS preventive maintenance checks and services PN transistor junction POC point of contact POL petroleum, oils, and lubricants P-P peak-to-peak proc amp processing amplifier PSI pounds per square inch PUT programmable unijunction transistor PVW preview QC quality control QT quarterly (frequency code) R red; resistor Ra Radium RAM random access memory RC R
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG S/N signal-to-noise ratio SA semiannually (frequency code) SAP second audio program on TV subcarrier SATCOM satellite communication(s) SB supply bulletin SC supply catalog; subcarrier SC REF subcarrier reference SC/H subcarrier and horizontal phase relationship SCA subsidiary communication authorization SCR silicon controlled rectifier SHF super high frequency SHRH subhand receipt holder SKO set, kit, or outfit SL skill level SLI stereo line input SM soldie
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG STSL sustainment training skill level TB technical bulletin TBC time-base corrector TC training circular; thermocouple TCI time change item TDY temporary duty TG trainer's guide THD total harmonic distortion TI technical inspection TL training location TM technical manual TMDE test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment TMP Transportation Motor Pool TOE table(s) of organization and equipment TP test point TRF/trf tuned radio frequency; transfer TS transmi
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG V/S vectorscope VAC voltage/volts alternating current VBI vertical blanking interval VCO voltage controlled oscillator VDA video distribution amplifier VDC voltage/volts direct current vert vertical VGA video graphic adapter VHF very high frequency VI visual information via by way of VIRS vertical-interval reference signal VITC vertical-interval time code VR voltage regulator VRMS volts root mean square VTR video tape recorder or reproducer VTSG video tes
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Section II Terms American Wire Gauge (AWG) Designator for a given wire based on classification according to diameter. ammeter Current indication meter. amplifier (amp) A device or circuit that can increase the magnitude or power level of a time-variable signal without distorting its wave shape. amplitude The magnitude of variation in a changing quantity from its zero value.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG bandwidth Term used to define the frequency occupied by a signal and required for the effective transfer of information to be carried by that signal. bar pattern A pattern of repeating lines or bars on a television screen baud A variable unit of data transmission speed usually equal to one bit per second. benzene A colorless volatile flammable toxic liquid. bias (1) A voltage applied to a device (as a transistor controlled electrode) to establish a reference level for operation.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG capacitance The ability of an object to store an electric charge. Capacitance is represented by the capital letter C in equations and is measured in units called farads. capacitive reactance The amount of opposition a capacitor offers to alternating current. capacitor (C) An electronic component capable of storing electrical energy when charged. A capacitor blocks the flow of direct current. cathode The electron-emitting electrode in a cacuum tube.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG color burst The portion of the composite signal comprising a few cycles, a sine wave of the chrominance subcarrier frequency which is used to establish a reference for demodulating the chrominance signal. color subcarrier In color systems, this is the carrier signal whose modulation sidebands are added to the monochrome signals to convey color information. composite blanking The complete television blanking signal of both line rate and field rate-blanking signal.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG decibel(s) (dBu) With reference to a power of 1 microvolt. degaussing The process of driving out and exhausting the gases of an electron tube occluded in its internal parts. differential gain The difference in output amplitude of small, high frequency sine wave signals at two stated levels of a low frequency signal on which it is superimposed.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG equalizing pulses Pulses are one-half the width of the horizontal sync pulses which are transmitted at twice the rate of the horizontal sync pulses during the portions of the vertical blanking interval immediately preceding and following the vertical sync pulse. These pulses cause the vertical deflection to start at the same time in each interval.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG flux (1) The lines of force, which make up an electrostatic field. (2) A substance used to facilitate fusion, such as a material that removes oxides from surfaces to be joined by soldering, brazing, or welding. The flux also reduces surface tension of the molten solder and metal to be soldered and it covers the material being soldered to prevent reoxidation of the surface during the soldering operation. focus The point at which light rays or an electron beam forms a minimum size spot.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG hue (1) One of the three basic color attributes, hue is the color itself-red, green, blue, yellow, and so on. (2) The attribute of color perception that determines whether the color is red, green, blue, and so forth. hum bars Relatively broad horizontal bars, alternately black and white, which extend over the entire picture. Caused by approximately 60-cycle interaction frequencies or one of its harmonic frequencies. impedance (1) A type of resistance to the signal flow.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG megabyte (Mb) A unit of information equal to 1,048,576 bytes (usually rounded to 1,000,000 bytes). megahertz (MHz) A unit of frequency equal to 1 million hertz. modem (MODulator or DEModulator) A device that converts signals from one form to a form compatible with another kind of equipment. moire A wavy or satiny effect produced by convergence of lines.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG PLUGE Back set of color bars. polarity A condition by which the direction of the flow of current can be determined in an electrical current. power The rate at which energy is expended or dissipated. Power is expressed in joules per second, more often called watts. preamplifier (preamp) A high grain, low-noise amplifier intended to increase the amplitude of a weak signal.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG resolution (vertical) The amount of resolvable detail in the vertical direction in a picture. It is usually expressed as the number of distinct lines, alternately black and white, which can be seen in a test pattern. The number of horizontal scanning lines per frame primarily fixes vertical resolution.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG A transmitter-receiver that uses many of the same components for both transmission and reception. transformer (XFMR) A transformer converts electrical power from one voltage current level to another voltage current level. transient A signal which endures for a brief time prior to the attainment of a steady state condition. These may include overshoots, damped sinusoidal waves, etc., and therefore, additional qualifying information is necessary.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG REFERENCES Required Publications Required publications are sources that users must read in order to understand or to comply with this publication. Army Regulations AR 25-400-2 AR 750-1 Department of Army Forms DA Form 2028 DA Form 2062 DA Form 2064 DA Form 2402 DA Form 2404 DA Form 2407 DA Form 2407-1 DA Form 2765-1 DA Form 3161 DA Form 3318 DA Form 3903-R DA Form 5164-R The Modern Army Recordkeeping System (MARKS).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Other Product Types A&E angle charts FCC & LCM Standards NAB EH Unit Supply Update Azimuth and elevation (A&E) Angle Charts Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and Local Country Modulation (LCM) Standards Land Earth Station (LES), Ocean Region (OR), and Services Codes Manufacturers' manuals, issued with initial issue of equipment Procedures for Soldering of Electrical Connections and Printed Wiring Assemblies. NAB Engineering Handbook.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Department of Army Pamphlets DA Pam 25-30 Consolidated Index of Army Publications and Blank Forms. 1 January 1999 DA Pam 40-501 Hearing Conservation. 27 August 1991 DA Pam 600-8 Management and Administrative Procedures (Reprinted w/Basic Incl C1). 25 February 1986 DA Pam 750-35 Guide for Motor Pool Operations. 1 August 1994.
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG Technical Bulletins (continued) TB MED 523 Control of Hazards to Health from Microwave and Radio Frequency Radiation and Ultrasound. 15 July 1980 TB MED 524 Occupational and Environmental Health: Control of Hazards to Health from Laser Radiation. 20 June 1985 Technical Manual TM 3-261 References - 4 Handling and Disposal of Unwanted Radioactive Material (Reprinted w/Basic Incl C1-2).
STP 11-25R13-SM-TG 6 AUGUST 1999 By Order of the Secretary of the Army: DENNIS J. REIMER General, United States Army Chief of Staff Official: Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army 9916608 DISTRIBUTION: Active Army, Army National Guard, and U.S. Army Reserve. To be distributed in accordance with the initial distribution number 111999, requirements for STP 11-25R13-SM-TG.
PIN: 066889-000
