User`s guide

Contents
vii
Environmental Monitoring...................................316
Extraction of Organic Volatiles from Liquids
and Solids .............................................................316
Limitations of Thermal Desorption Techniques ..317
Sampling Techniques..................................319
Theory of Diffusive Monitoring .................................321
Uptake Rates on PerkinElmer Tubes..........................325
Diffusion Monitoring Applications......................326
Protocol for Assessing the Performance
of a Diffusive Sampler .........................................327
Theory of Pumped Air Monitoring.............................327
Analyte Mass ..............................................................329
Compliance with Atmospheric Limit Levels..............331
Purge and Trap............................................................334
Soil Probes ..................................................................334
GC Certified Standards on PerkinElmer Tubes..........335
Direct Sampling for Thermal Desorption...................336
Sampling Liquids and Emulsions.........................337
Sampling Resins and Ointments ..........................337
Sampling Solids ...................................................338
Troubleshooting...........................................341
Troubleshooting..........................................................343
Status Messages ..........................................................343
Instrument Fault Conditions .......................................352
Fatal Errors .................................................................364
Peak Broadening or Splitting......................................365
The Cold Trap Does Not Cool....................................367
Sample Carryover .......................................................368
System Contamination................................................370
Poor Recovery or Loss of Sample ..............................373
Discrimination of Compounds Over a
Wide Boiling Range....................................................376
Appendices...................................................379
Appendix A Customer Service ...................................381
Appendix B Warranty Exclusions and Limitations ....382
Appendix C References ..............................................383
Thermal Desorption Application Notes ...............383
Brochures, Leaflets and Specifications................386
Appendix D Carrier Gas Pressures .............................388
Helium Flow Rates...............................................388
Hydrogen Flow Rates...........................................390