User guide

same models can apply to the developing world. In fact VOIP models may offer GSM providers
opportunities to expand their network and billed air time.
First, lets examine the novel features of VOIP. Unlike cellular networks, a VOIP network can be
deployed on a small scale at at low capital and operating costs. For a few $100, a village can install a
VOIP over WiFi node that supports say 4 telephones and links to a nearby village via WiFi. This can
then provide unlimited, untimed phone calls at virtually zero recurring cost. As more villages are added,
a mesh network will evolve. As a bonus, it builds out a data backbone – the WiFi link can be used to
support Intranet type applications like chat, email, and web access.
However the problem of connectivity with the PSTN and GSM networks remains. Using GSM-VOIP
gateways, the mesh network can be connected to and interoperate with the GSM network. A calling
card system could be added to the IP04 firmware to manage billing. Such a network could also be
used to extend the range of a GSM network, for example in the case that only one end of the WiFi-
VOIP mesh network has strong GSM signals.
13.7 Business Models in developing countries
Open hardware opens up exciting new "business" models, for example developing countries could
start their own local industry - building advanced telephone systems for cost price. This is far more
attractive than buying technology from a first-world profit-oriented business that must charge a 75%
mark up to cover their overheads. This business model is used for the one laptop per child project. A
$100 laptop is possible if you remove the overheads, use community input and sponsorship for R&D
and build volume. Now, with the IP04, a solar powered $100 IP-PBX suitable for the developing world is
also possible. Such a device could bring telephony to remote villages using WiFi links for trunking.
Another benefit is that the hardware can be built locally in developing countries (remember the
hardware design is free) overcoming import tariff problems and building local industry. Combining these
elements means lots of people getting connected cheaply. That is a very good thing for the world.
To help deploy VOIP in the developing world, specific business models for the IP04 are required. This
will promote "viral" growth and sustainability of the technology.
Here are some ideas:
• Existing Internet Cafe's can add voice capability
• Integration of a billing system into the IP04 firmware to allow operations with pre-paid calling
cards.
Page 57 TRICALCAR | www.wilac.net/tricalcar – Version: February 2008