Communications System Owner Manual
Table Of Contents
- Table of Contents
- ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO CONNECTIVITY
- 2. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM NETWORKING (em AN OVERVIEW
- 3. TANDEM TIE TRUNK NETWORKS
- 4. MAIN-SATELLITE/TRIBUTARY (MS/T) NETWORKS THROUGH THE UDP OR MULTIPREMISES PACKAGES
- 5. ELECTRONIC TANDEM NETWORK (ETN) THROUGH THE ETN AND PNA PACKAGES
- 6. DISTRIBUTED COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM (DCS)
- 7. DATA CONNECTIVITY - AN OVERVIEW
- 8. DATA COMMUNICATIONS CAPABILITIES
- 9. DATA COMMUNICATIONS CONFIGURATIONS
- A. RELATED DOCUMENTS
- B. SYNCHRONIZATION OF DIGITAL FACILITIES
- THE NEED FOR SYNCHRONIZATION
- SYNCHRONIZATION HIERARCHY
- CHANGES TO THE SCS SOFTWARE MADE AVAILABLE VIA SOFTWARE PATCHES
- NETWORK SYNCHRONIZATION AND ENGIINEERING
- AVAILABILITY OF SYNCHRONIZATION SOURCES
- CONCLUSIONS ON SYNCHRONIZATION
- USE OF GENERIC 2 AS A SYSTEM CLOCK REFERENCE
- USE OF GENERIC 1 AS A SYSTEM CLOCK REFERENCE
- C. TRUNKING TERMS AND CAPABILITIES
- D. COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS
- E. LEAD DEFINITIONS
- F. NETWORKING FEATURES - AVAILABILITY MATRIX
- ABBREVIATIONS
- GLOSSARY
- INDEX

B-26 SYNCHRONIZATION OF DIGITAL FACILITIES
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RULE 7:
The number of nodes receiving synchronization reference from any given node should be minimized.
EXAMPLE FOR RULE 7
Figure B-19, Excessive Synchronization from One Node, shows an excess of synchronization from one
node. If transmission facility linking nodes A-B fails, then nodes B, D, E, and F will lose their
synchronization. However, if this same facility fails in figure B-20, Minimized Synchronization from One
Node, only nodes B, D, and E will lose synchronization. Node F remains synchronized to the network.
With few exceptions, it is not possible to engineer a synchronization network that will satisfy all seven
rules. In general, rules 1 through 3 apply in all cases. For rules 4 through 7, use those rules that apply to
your specific network and try to minimize outages based on the cases presented in the examples for each of
these rules.
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PRIMARY FREQUENCY REFERENCE
DIGITAL TRANSMISSION FACILITY
SECONDARY (BACKUP) FREQUENCY REFERENCE
F
C B
A
E
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D
Figure B-19. Excessive Synchronization from One Node