K Administrator’s Guide for the Workgroup Server 8150/110
K Apple Computer, Inc. © 1995 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries.
Contents Communications regulation information / vii Laser information / ix Preface About This Guide / xi 1 Setting Up Your Server / 1 Your server at a glance / 2 Security issues / 4 Physically isolating the system / 4 Using a locking cable / 4 Installing an expansion card / 5 Connecting a monitor / 5 Connecting the monitor’s power cord / 6 Connecting the monitor cable / 7 Connecting the mouse and keyboard / 9 Connecting other devices / 9 Plugging in the server / 10 Turning the server on / 11 Setting th
2 Connecting to the Network / 17 Connecting to an Ethernet network / 18 Connecting to thin coaxial Ethernet / 19 Connecting to twisted-pair Ethernet / 20 Connecting to other types of Ethernet / 21 Connecting to a LocalTalk network / 22 If you need to switch the network connection / 23 3 Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment / 25 Installing an expansion card / 26 Power requirements / 26 Installing the card / 26 Expanding memory / 33 Installing other internal devices / 33 Connecting hard dis
Using server application programs / 46 Setting the system time and date / 46 Order of installing and starting programs / 46 Setting up your server to restart programs automatically / 47 Additional capabilities for your server system / 48 Backing up your files / 48 5 Using a DAT Drive and Tape Cassettes / 49 Compatible tapes / 50 Tapes supplied with the server / 50 Starting up the tape drive / 50 Inserting tape cassettes / 51 Status lights / 52 The caution signal / 52 Removing tape cassettes / 53 Forcing
What to do if your server’s performance decreases / 72 Doing a clean installation of system software / 72 If there’s a problem with your CD-ROM drive software / 75 Repairing a damaged disk / 76 Try these suggestions first / 77 How to test a hard disk / 77 How to repair a hard disk or floppy disk / 78 If Disk First Aid cannot correct the problem / 80 Appendix A Safety, Maintenance, and Health Information / 81 Important server safety instructions / 81 Handling your computer equipment / 82 Handling the monit
Appendix B Getting Help / 93 Learning the basics / 94 Reviewing the basics / 95 Getting answers in Macintosh Guide / 96 Getting answers with the Topics button / 97 Getting answers with the Index button / 99 Getting answers with the Look For button / 100 Tips for using Macintosh Guide / 102 Identifying objects on the screen / 103 Learning useful shortcuts / 104 Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard / 107 Appendix D Using Stereo Audio / 109 About your server’s sound ports / 110 Connecting an audio device
Communications regulation information FCC statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
Laser information WARNING Making adjustments or performing procedures other than those specified in your equipment’s documentation may result in hazardous exposure. WARNING Do not attempt to disassemble the cabinet containing the laser. The laser beam used in this product is harmful to the eyes. The use of optical instruments, such as magnifying lenses, with this product increases the potential hazard to your eyes. For your safety, have this equipment serviced only by an Apple-authorized service provider.
Preface About This Guide This guide tells you how to set up your Workgroup Server 8150/110 and connect it to a LocalTalk or Ethernet network. The guide also provides information about expanding your server, using software, and troubleshooting problems that may arise. Note: For easier reading, the Workgroup Server 8150/110 will be referred to as the Workgroup Server 8150 throughout the remainder of this guide.
What this guide contains Here’s a brief summary of what you’ll find in this guide: m Chapter 1, “Setting Up Your Server,” explains how to connect the monitor, keyboard, and mouse, and how to start up your server for the first time. m Chapter 2, “Connecting to the Network,” describes how to connect the server to an Ethernet or LocalTalk network.
How to use this guide Familiarize yourself with your server’s basic components. See the section “Your Server at a Glance” in Chapter 1. Consider security issues and placement of your server. Read the section “Security Issues” in Chapter 1 for important information about protecting your server from unauthorized access.
The Guide menu Starting with system software version 7.5, you have instant access to new kinds of help when using your system and application programs. You can see your options in the Guide (h) menu in the upper-right corner of the screen. You’ll find the instructions available in Macintosh Guide particularly useful when you have questions or encounter problems with your system software.
Other reference material In addition to this guide, you may need to consult the following sources of information. m Technical Information See this booklet for the technical specifications of your server. m The user’s guide for the CD-ROM drive that came with your server. See this guide for information about using CD-ROM discs, playing audio compact discs and audio tracks on CD-ROM discs, and working with Photo CD discs.
Where to find answers When you have questions about using your server, there are several places you can look for answers. In this book Administr ator’s Gu ide Use this book to help you set up your server and learn about it, or to find solutions to problems. In the Guide menu The Guide menu (marked with the h icon) is your main source of information about system software. To learn how to get different kinds of help from the Guide menu, see Appendix B in this book.
1 Setting Up Your Server Setting up your server involves connecting a monitor, mouse, and keyboard, expanding your system to suit your needs, and connecting to the network. First, acquaint yourself with your server’s features, as shown in the next section, “Your Server at a Glance.” Also, be sure to read the section “Security Issues” for important information about protecting your server from unauthorized access.
Your server at a glance The following figure shows the basic components of your Workgroup Server 8150, assembled and connected to a network.
The ports on the back of the Workgroup Server 8150 and the icons that identify them are shown in the following figure. During setup, you’ll connect hardware to some of these ports. SCSI port Connects your server to SCSI devices such as hard disk drives, scanners, and printers. Ethernet port Connects your server to a high-speed network. High-density monitor port Connects a monitor to your server. Printer port Connects your server to a printer, LocalTalk network, or GeoPort Adapter.
Security issues The Workgroup Server 8150 lets you concentrate valuable or sensitive information on one system that can be physically isolated and more carefully monitored than would be possible if that information were stored on personal computers. Before you set up the server, you may want to consider two measures that you can take to secure the hardware components: physically isolating the system and using a locking cable to secure the system.
By itself, a locking cable cannot prevent unauthorized use of the server, but it can prevent the server (and its peripheral devices if they are also secured by locking cables) from being removed. Installing an expansion card If you purchased any expansion cards for your server, install them now (see “Installing an Expansion Card” in Chapter 3 for instructions). If you don’t have an expansion card, go on to the next section, “Connecting a Monitor.
Connecting the monitor’s power cord Monitors have two cords to connect: a power cord and a monitor cable. To connect the monitor power cord: 1 Place the monitor where you will be using it. Keep in mind these considerations: m Allow a few inches for air circulation around the server and monitor. m Make sure the top of the screen is slightly below eye level when you’re sitting at the keyboard. m Position the monitor to minimize glare and reflections on the screen from overhead lights and windows.
Some power cords are designed to plug into the back of your server. You can also plug the power cord into a grounded electrical outlet (an adapter may be needed). Note: If you have an Apple AudioVision monitor, plug the monitor’s power cord into the back of the server, not into an outlet. Some monitors have to be connected to a grounded power outlet, not to the server’s power socket. Check the information that came with the monitor.
2 If you have a standard monitor, attach the monitor cable adapter to the monitor cable. The monitor cable adapter comes with your server. Monitor cable adapter: connect a standard monitor cable to this adapter, then attach the adapter to the monitor port. Monitor cable 3 Attach the monitor cable or adapter to the server’s monitor port. The monitor port is marked with the icon ™. To connect the cable, firmly push it into the connector until you hear a click.
Connecting the mouse and keyboard You have a choice of several keyboards for your server. They are all connected the same way. 1 Plug the mouse cable into the port on either side of the keyboard. ADB icon Most right-handed people prefer to use the mouse with their right hand; most left-handed people prefer to use the mouse with their left hand. Plug the mouse into the port on the side you prefer. The plug and the port are marked with the same icon (◊). Align the icons before you insert the plug.
Plugging in the server To plug in the server: 1 Plug the socket end of the server’s power cord into the recessed power plug (marked with the symbol ≤) on the back of the server. 2 Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip. Choose a power outlet to which you have easy access. WARNING This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded. Your server is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that has a third (grounding) pin.
Turning the server on Before turning the server on, make sure it is in its upright position; the Workgroup Server 8150 is not designed to run on its side. To turn on the server for the first time, follow these steps. 1 Turn on the monitor. See the information that came with your monitor for the location of the power switch. On Apple monitors, the power switch has this icon: I. Note: You only need to turn on the monitor once if it is plugged into the server.
4 Check to see what’s on your screen, then click the OK button to dismiss the dialog box. m If you see a system message on the desktop, as shown in the following figure, your system software is already set up correctly. Startup disk icon Macintosh desktop Why the message about your network connection? The Workgroup Server system software is preset for Ethernet networks.
m If you see anything else on your screen, or if you see nothing at all, see the section “Problems Turning On Your Server?” later in this chapter. IMPORTANT If you need to turn off your server at any point, see “Turning the Server Off” later in this chapter. It is very important to use the correct procedure for shutting down your server before turning it off.
Problems turning on your server? If you don’t see anything on the screen, check these items to see if you can identify the problem: m Is the server plugged into a power source? If it is plugged into a power strip, is the power strip turned on? m Is the power light on the front panel on? m Are the keyboard and mouse cables connected correctly? (Don’t disconnect the keyboard or mouse cables while your server is on. You could damage your equipment.
Turning the server off You need to turn off the server to perform the tasks in Chapter 2, “Connecting to the Network.” m To turn off the server, choose the Shut Down command from the Special menu. Choosing Shut Down readies the hard disk for a fast restart next time you turn on the server. It also prompts you to save any unsaved work on a disk before turning the power off.
2 Connecting to the Network The Workgroup Server 8150 contains built-in hardware and software for connecting the server to two types of networks: LocalTalk and Ethernet. You connect the server to a LocalTalk network through the printer port. The built-in Ethernet port on the Workgroup Server 8150 lets you connect the server to a high-speed Ethernet network.
Connecting to an Ethernet network The built-in Ethernet capabilities of your Workgroup Server 8150 allow you to connect to any standard Ethernet network using thin coaxial (or “coax”), 10BASE-T twisted-pair, or thick coaxial cables; fiber-optic media; or other standard Ethernet cables.
Connecting to thin coaxial Ethernet Follow this procedure to connect the server to an Ethernet network that uses thin coaxial cable. The hardware connection requires an Apple (or Applecompatible) thin coaxial transceiver and a thin coaxial cable. To connect the server to a thin coaxial network: 1 Make sure that the server is turned off. 2 Attach one end of a thin coaxial cable to one of the posts on the thin coaxial transceiver.
Connecting to twisted-pair Ethernet Follow this procedure to connect the server to a network that implements Ethernet over twisted-pair cable. The hardware connection requires an Apple (or Apple-compatible) twisted-pair transceiver and a twisted-pair patch cord with an RJ-45 telephone-style connector jack. You plug the transceiver into a standard wall plate that is connected to a centralized 10BASE-T hub. To connect the server to a twisted-pair network: 1 Make sure that the server is turned off.
Connecting to other types of Ethernet The Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter is a universal adapter that lets you connect the server to less-common types of industry-standard Ethernet media, such as thick coaxial or fiber-optic cable. If you are using the Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter, you also need an Ethernet transceiver for your specific media type, and the transceiver must have a standard AUI (Attachment Unit Interface) port on it.
Connecting to a LocalTalk network The Apple LocalTalk Locking Connector Kit DIN-8, available from your Apple-authorized dealer, lets you connect the server to an existing LocalTalk network by means of the printer port. Printer port icon Printer port To connect the server to a LocalTalk network: 1 Make sure that the server is turned off. 2 Attach the LocalTalk adapter to the printer port. 3 Plug one end of a LocalTalk cable into the LocalTalk adapter.
IMPORTANT After connecting to a LocalTalk network (if you have not also connected to Ethernet), each time you start up the server you’ll see a dialog box that indicates an error condition. This dialog box informs you that the system has made a temporary switch from EtherTalk (its preset network software connection) to LocalTalk. You will see this message until you change the default setting in the Network control panel.
If you need to switch the server’s network connection, follow these steps: 1 Turn on the server. 2 Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Network control panel. 3 Click the icon of the new network connection that you want to use. An alert box appears, warning you that you may be disconnected from any network services (such as network printers) that may be available with your current network connection.
3 Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment You can expand the capabilities of your server by installing items internally and by connecting external devices. The following figure shows you the location of the Workgroup Server 8150’s internal components. An external view of the server, depicting the ports to which you connect other devices, is shown in the section “Your Server at a Glance” in Chapter 1.
WARNING The processor-direct slot (PDS) must always be occupied by either the termination card that came with your server or a functional card such as a video card. Be sure to keep the termination card if you replace it—you’ll need to reinstall the termination card should you later remove the replacement card. Installing an expansion card You can install printed circuit boards (called cards) for video and graphics applications, networking and communications, additional processing power, or other purposes.
3 Remove the cover from the server. Slide the cover away from the back panel an inch or two. Then raise the cover straight up and off the server.
4 If you are installing a full-sized card, remove the expansion card clip. Grasp the clip handles with your thumb and forefinger and squeeze. Pull the clip straight out. 5 28 If your expansion card has an external connector, pull out the plastic cover plate behind the expansion slot you want to use, and set the cover plate aside.
6 Touch the metal part of the power supply case inside the server to discharge static electricity. Always do this before you touch any parts or install components inside the server. Power supply 7 If you are installing a PDS card, remove the termination card from the PDS slot. Remember that the processor-direct slot must always be occupied by either the PDS termination card or a functional PDS expansion card.
8 Remove the card from its static-proof bag. Hold the card by its edges to avoid touching the connector on the bottom of the card. Connector 9 Align the connector end of the card with the expansion slot.
10 Press the card firmly until the connector is seated. m Don’t force the card. If you meet a lot of resistance, pull it out and try again. m To see if the card is properly connected, wiggle it gently. If it resists and stays in place, it’s connected. If you have other cards to install, put them in now by repeating steps 5 through 9. 11 If you removed the expansion card clip (as described in step 4), replace it. Put the bottom of the clip in place first.
12 Replace the cover on the server. Lower the cover all the way down onto the case. Push the cover toward the back until it touches the back panel. 13 Tighten the screws on the back panel. WARNING Always replace the cover before turning the computer on. 14 32 Plug the server’s power cord back into a power outlet.
Expanding memory Additional random-access memory (RAM) can be installed in your server. The Technical Information booklet that came with your server describes how much additional memory can be installed in the server. Memory for your server is provided in packages called RAM SIMMs. The SIMMs must be the correct type for your computer. They should be installed in pairs of the same size into paired slots in your computer.
IMPORTANT Before connecting a device to your server, be sure that the server (and any other device already connected to it) is turned off. Read the instructions in this section and the instructions that came with your hard disk or other SCSI device before connecting it to your server. SCSI devices commonly attached to the Workgroup Server 8150 include hard disks, CD-ROM drives, scanners, printers, and tape-backup drives. The server has two SCSI buses to which you can attach a total of nine devices.
2 Choose a number between 0 and 6 that doesn’t duplicate the ID of any other SCSI device connected to your server on the same SCSI bus. Your server has two SCSI buses. One is the internal bus and the other is the external bus. On the internal bus, you can use SCSI ID numbers 1 through 6. (SCSI ID 0 is reserved for the internal hard disk.) On the external bus, you can use SCSI ID numbers 1, 4, 5, 6.
2 Check that the device has its own, unique ID number between 0 and 6. See the previous section, “Setting the SCSI ID Number,” for details. 3 Use a SCSI cable to connect the device either to the server’s SCSI port or to the last SCSI device already in the chain. If the device is the first or only one you’re connecting, use a SCSI system cable to connect it to the server’s SCSI port. If the device is not the first one, use a SCSI peripheral interface cable to connect it to the last device in the chain.
External SCSI terminator Have your Apple-authorized service provider remove any extra built-in terminators. You can attach or remove external terminators yourself. Note: If only one external device has a built-in terminator, rearrange the SCSI chain so that device is at the end. IMPORTANT Always turn on any external SCSI devices connected to your server before turning on the server itself. Otherwise, your server cannot recognize the SCSI devices.
Do you need to initialize a hard disk? You need to initialize a hard disk only in the following cases: m You’re using specialized disk array management software, such as RAID (redundant array of independent disks). See the documentation that accompanied the disk array management software for instructions. m The disk is new and uninitialized. Your internal hard disk and most external hard disks are initialized at the factory and do not have to be initialized again.
Connecting a printer Your server has a printer port, which you use to connect a printer to your server. Printer port icon Printer port The printer port accepts either a direct cable connection (to printers such as the StyleWriter II) or a network cable connection (to printers such as a LaserWriter Pro or LaserWriter Select). Follow the instructions that came with your printer when connecting it to your server. A printer can also be connected to the modem port (GeoPort).
Connecting a trackball or other input device Your server has an Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port, which you use to connect the mouse, the keyboard, and other input devices such as a trackball, a barcode reader, or a graphics tablet. ADB port icon ADB port You can usually connect up to three ADB devices in a chain to a single port. The exact number depends on how much power the devices require. IMPORTANT The total power used by all ADB devices connected to your server must not exceed 500 milliamperes (mA).
Note: The Apple AudioVision 14 Display has the Apple PlainTalk Microphone built in. To connect the microphone: m Plug the microphone’s connector into the sound input port (marked with the symbol X) on the back of the server. See “Connecting an Audio Device” in Appendix D of this book for more information about the sound input port.
4 Using Software With Your Server This chapter provides important information you need to know about using your Workgroup Server 8150 with application programs. For instance, although your server is compatible with most programs intended for use with Macintosh computers, certain programs are designed especially for Power Macintosh computers. These kinds of programs take best advantage of your server’s speed. In addition, the order in which certain programs start up affects a server’s performance.
Using Power Macintosh programs Programs designed for Power Macintosh computers will provide improved performance for your server. However, to get the full benefit of this software, you need to know about two key issues—virtual memory and shared libraries. Virtual memory Virtual memory is a feature of Macintosh computers that lets you use space on a hard disk as additional memory. This feature helps you run large applications when the server does not contain enough random-access memory (RAM).
Using older Macintosh programs If you experience problems using an older Macintosh program, it may be incompatible with your Power Macintosh. You may be able to use your older program if you change the Memory Manager setting in your Memory control panel. Follow these steps: 1 Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Memory control panel. 2 Turn off Modern Memory Manager. Click here to turn off Modern Memory Manager.
Using server application programs Specific server application programs or services, such as AppleShare, AppleSearch, Apple Remote Access, or Apple RAID Software, may have been included with your server. Review the documentation that came with the software before you install these services; you may be required to perform special procedures that can affect your server system before you use a particular service.
Setting up your server to restart programs automatically You can set the Workgroup Server 8150 to start server application programs (including network services) automatically whenever you start the server or whenever the server automatically restarts after a temporary power outage. To set up your server to restart server application programs automatically: 1 Create an alias for each server application program that should start automatically.
Additional capabilities for your server system You have the option to install two programs included with your server that provide new capabilities for your system software: m PowerTalk, which provides built-in mail and collaboration services m QuickDraw GX, which gives your computer more powerful printing capabilities If you use your server as a personal computer and other users on your network have installed PowerTalk, you will find PowerTalk’s features useful.
5 Using a DAT Drive and Tape Cassettes You need to read this chapter only if your server includes an internal tapebackup unit. The internal DDS-2 DAT drive and accompanying software can perform full or partial backup and restore procedures for all of the data on your hard disks. In addition, the drive automatically performs error correction and data compression of the files that you back up and restore. The error-correction feature helps ensure a high level of data integrity.
Compatible tapes Your internal DAT (digital audio tape) drive is compatible with MRS-quality DDS (digital data storage) tape cassettes. MRS (Media Recognition System) cassettes are the highest-quality digital data tape available. Your internal tape drive requires this level of quality to perform backup operations successfully. See your Apple-authorized service provider for more MRS-quality DDS tape cassettes or their compatible substitutes.
There are two conditions that indicate the self-test has failed. If the light on the right flashes amber, you may need to clean the tape-drive head, as described in the section “Cleaning the Tape-Drive Heads” later in this chapter. Or, if a tape is loaded in the tape drive, a flashing amber light may indicate that the tape is worn and needs to be replaced.
Status lights Located next to the tape drive opening are two lights that inform you of the status of tape operations. The light on the left is the tape light, and the light on the right is the clean light. A solid green tape light indicates normal operation and a solid amber clean light indicates a warning condition. A flashing green tape light indicates activity between the tape drive and the SCSI bus.
Removing tape cassettes You can remove a tape cassette at any time by pressing the eject button located under the tape slot on the right side. You should not press the eject button while the tape is in use. Check the Retrospect Remote (or other backup utility’s) documentation to learn about additional methods for ejecting cassettes while using the backup software.
To minimize the chance of condensation, adhere to the environmental requirements described in the Technical Information booklet and follow these general cassette guidelines: m Use tape cassettes at temperatures between 5˚ C (40˚ F) and 40˚ C (104˚ F). m If you expose the tape cassettes to temperatures outside the operating limits, you can stabilize them by leaving them in the proper operating temperature for a minimum of two hours.
6 Troubleshooting When you run into trouble While you’re using your server, it’s possible that you may experience a problem such as the pointer “freezing” on the screen, or you may see an error message or even a bomb icon. If you have trouble with your server, take a moment to review the solutions to common problems listed in this chapter.
m If you were typing text and were not able to save it before the problem occurred, you can write down the parts of the text still visible on the screen so that some of your work will be easy to replace. m Ask other Macintosh users about the problem you’re having; they may have a solution for it. m Find out what actions users were performing on the server (such as copying large files, launching programs on the server, or installing programs over the network).
4 If pressing the reset switch does nothing, turn off your server using the power switch, wait at least 10 seconds, then turn it on again. 5 If the power switch doesn’t turn off the server, unplug your server. If you suspect that the problem is with a peripheral device, such as a printer or external hard disk, turn it off for 10 seconds or more, then turn it on again and restart the server.
A disk icon with a blinking question mark appeared when you started your server. The blinking question mark indicates that your server cannot find system software. You may need to repair a damaged disk, or reinstall system software. m Your server may be having a problem recognizing a SCSI device. Turn off external SCSI devices and restart.
A “sad Macintosh” icon appeared and the server won’t start up. Your server cannot start up because of a problem with the system software or the server hardware. m Eject any floppy disks (or CD-ROM discs) by turning off the server and then holding down the mouse button while you turn the server on again. Try starting up with a different startup disk (such as the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc).
The server starts up from the wrong hard disk, or the hard disk icon does not appear on the desktop. m The startup disk may be slow to start up. Restart the server. During startup, your server’s operating system finds and mounts attached SCSI devices that are up and running within 20 seconds. Some very large hard disk drives (such as 2-gigabyte drives) may take longer than 20 seconds to come up to speed and therefore may not be recognized by the operating system when the server is first turned on.
Your server can’t read a floppy disk. If you see a message that a floppy disk is unreadable, try one of the following: m Insert the disk again—sometimes that’s all it takes. m If the disk has never been used, you may simply need to initialize it. See the instructions for preparing a disk listed in the “Files” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide menu. m Insert the disk in another computer’s disk drive.
m Restart the server with a different startup disk (such as the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc). If the mouse works, reinstall system software on your startup disk. m If the problem recurs, it may be due to an incompatible program. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software.
A dialog box with a “bomb” icon appears. Your system has a software problem. m Write down what you were doing when the dialog box appeared, and write down the number on the message, if there is one. m Restart your server (see “Start Over” earlier in this chapter). Most software problems are temporary and restarting usually corrects the problem. m If the problem recurs, check the startup disk and program you are using when the message appears.
You experience problems using an older Macintosh program. Some older Macintosh programs are not completely compatible with the Power Macintosh computers. m Open the Memory control panel and turn off Modern Memory Manager. For more detailed instructions, see “Using Older Macintosh Programs” in Chapter 4 of this guide. You experience problems using a document from a DOS computer.
Normally, you see this message if you try to open a document that came from another computer with software that is different from yours. m Some documents can be opened by more than one application program. Try starting a program that you think might be able to open the document, then choose the Open command from the program’s File menu to try to open the document. (Or drag the document to the program’s icon. If the program can open the document, the program’s icon highlights.
When you need to reinstall system software System software is the set of programs and other files that your server uses to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run the application programs you use. System software is kept in the folder called the System Folder. When you turn on your server, it looks for a startup disk, which is a disk that contains the system software.
Starting up from the CD-ROM drive You can use the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc to start up your server from the built-in CD-ROM drive (even if your startup disk is damaged). 1 With your server turned on, place the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc in the CDROM drive’s tray with the label facing up, and close the tray. 2 Choose Restart from the Special menu. 3 Immediately press and hold down the “C” letter key. Release the key after the server starts up.
About using the Installer program Before you use the Installer, you need to start up your server by following the instructions in either “Starting Up From the CD-ROM Drive” or “Starting Up From the Floppy Drive” earlier in this chapter. How you start using the Installer depends upon where it is located: m If you started up from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc, open the folder named System Software Installers and review the instructions in the Read Me file before using the Installer programs there.
2 Check that the destination disk indicated in the Installer is the one on which you want to install system software. If not, click the Switch Disk button until the correct disk name appears. This is the disk on which system software will be installed. Click to indicate a different disk. Note: If you are using the Installer on a hard disk that doesn’t have system software, the explanatory text on-screen will be slightly different from what’s shown in this example. 3 Click Install.
Creating startup floppy disks You can create Macintosh system software floppy disks from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc. This allows you to have a backup copy of the system software from which you can start up the server and reinstall the system software. You need to use the Disk Copy program to make a copy of the system software. (Dragging system software files to floppy disks does not work because the Installer expects the files to be in certain places on the floppy disks.
6 Click the name of a disk image, then click Open. In a few moments a message appears near the top of the window, indicating that the disk image has been loaded. 7 Click Make A Copy. 8 When you see a message telling you to insert a disk, insert a floppy disk. If the disk already contains information, you’re asked whether you want to replace the contents of the disk. Click Duplicate if you want to erase the information on the disk and replace it with a copy of system software.
What to do if your server’s performance decreases If you notice a decrease in your server’s speed and general performance after adding special software (a control panel, a system extension, or a custom utility), it may be because your special software does not work well with Power Macintosh computers. To see if this is the problem, use the Extensions Manager control panel to turn off individual programs and extensions, one at a time, and then restart the server.
IMPORTANT Do a clean installation of system software only if you are sure it’s acceptable to remove any special control panels, extensions, or custom utilities you have added to your System Folder. These items will not work when moved out of the System Folder. Note: You may have to reinstall some server application programs (including network services) if you do a clean installation; see your server application program documentation for details.
4 Click Repair to begin testing and, if necessary, repairing the startup disk. 5 When the program is finished, choose Quit from the File menu. 6 Double-click the Apple HD SC Setup icon. WARNING If your startup disk has been formatted for use with Apple RAID Software, do not use HD SC Setup to update the disk. See the Apple RAID Software Administrator’s Guide for information about repairing disks containing RAID volumes.
16 When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, if you installed software on the startup disk, you’ll need to click Restart; otherwise, click Quit. 17 Copy any special software items from the Previous System Folder to the clean System Folder one item at a time, restarting the server after copying each item.
3 In the Installer Welcome dialog box that appears, click Continue. 4 Check that the destination disk named in the dialog box is the server’s startup disk. If not, click the Switch Disk button until the correct disk name appears. 5 Choose Custom Install from the pop-up menu. 6 Click to select the Multimedia Software checkbox and then click Install.
Try these suggestions first If you can’t start up from a hard disk or you don’t see the hard disk icon on the desktop, try the following: m If the hard disk is internal, shut down your Macintosh, wait at least 10 seconds, and then turn it on again. m If the hard disk is external, make sure that it is turned on and that its cable is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh. m If the hard disk is your startup disk, start up with a different startup disk.
4 Click Drive until the name of the disk you want to test appears at the bottom of the dialog box. SCSI ID number of the currently selected hard disk Name of the currently selected hard disk 5 Click Test. 6 When a message tells you that testing is complete, click Quit. If the test reveals a problem, you may be able to correct it by using Disk First Aid or another disk repair program (see the instructions in the next section).
1 If you are repairing your startup disk, start up your server from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc; otherwise, just insert the CD-ROM disc. If you need instructions for starting up from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From the CD-ROM Drive” in the section “Reinstalling System Software” earlier in this chapter. 2 Open the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc icon and then open the Utilities folder. 3 Open the Disk First Aid icon. The Disk First Aid window opens.
If Disk First Aid cannot correct the problem m Try repairing the disk again. Sometimes repeating the process corrects the problem. m Use another disk repair or recovery program. Some disk repair programs let you recover information from a damaged disk. m Consult a computer repair specialist for help. m Once you have recovered all the information you can, erase (reinitialize) the disk.
Appendix A Safety, Maintenance, and Health Information Important server safety instructions For your own safety and that of your equipment, always take the following precautions. Turn off the server and disconnect the power plug (by pulling the plug, not the cord) if any of the following conditions exists: m The power cord or plug becomes frayed or otherwise damaged. m You spill something into the case. m Your server is exposed to rain or any other excess moisture.
Be sure that you always do the following: m Keep your server away from sources of liquids, such as wash basins, bathtubs, shower stalls, and so on. m Protect your server from dampness or wet weather, such as rain, snow, and so on. m Read all the installation instructions carefully before you plug your server into a wall socket. m Keep these instructions handy for reference by you and others. m Follow all instructions and warnings dealing with your system.
m Turn off your server and all its components before connecting or disconnecting any cables to add or remove any component. Failure to do so could seriously damage your equipment. m Never force a connector into a port. If the connector and port do not join with reasonable ease, they probably don’t match. Make sure that the connector matches the port and that you have positioned the connector correctly in relation to the port.
Handling the keyboard Take care not to spill any liquid on the keyboard. If you do, turn off your server immediately. m If you spill liquid that is thin and clear, unplug the keyboard, turn it upside down to let the liquid drain out, and let it dry for 24 hours at room temperature. If, after you take these steps, the keyboard doesn’t work, take it to an Apple-authorized service provider for repair.
Ejecting a disk For instructions on ejecting a floppy disk, a CD-ROM disc, or a removable media disk, see the “Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. If you can’t eject a floppy disk If you can’t eject a floppy disk in the usual way, try the following in order: m Hold down the x (Command) and Shift keys and press the number 1 key on your keyboard to eject a disk in the internal disk drive. m Shut down the server.
Cleaning your equipment Follow these general rules when cleaning the outside of your server and its components: m Use a damp, soft, lint-free cloth to clean the server’s exterior. Avoid getting moisture in any openings. m Don’t use aerosol sprays, solvents, or abrasives. Cleaning the server case To clean the case, do the following: 1 Turn off the server and disconnect the power plug. (Pull the plug, not the cord.) 2 Wipe the surfaces lightly with a clean, soft cloth dampened with water.
If you have an older mouse, you may need to press the plastic ring (rather than turn it) to disengage it. 3 Turn the mouse right side up with one hand and catch the ring and the ball with your other hand. 4 Clean the three small rollers inside the mouse with a cotton swab moistened with water. Rotate the rollers to clean all around them. 5 Wipe the mouse ball with a clean, soft, dry, and lint-free cloth.
Health-related information about computer use Muscle soreness, eye fatigue, and other discomforts and injuries sometimes associated with using computers can occur from performing any number of activities. In fact, misuse of the same muscles during multiple activities can create a problem that might not otherwise exist.
RSIs did not suddenly arise when computers were invented; tennis elbow and writer’s cramp, for example, are two RSIs that have been with us for a long time. Although less common than other RSIs, one serious RSI discussed more often today is a wrist problem called carpal tunnel syndrome, which may be aggravated by improper use of computer keyboards. This nerve disorder results from excessive pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the wrist to the hand.
Arranging your office Here are some guidelines for adjusting the furniture in your office to accommodate your physical size and shape. m An adjustable chair that provides firm, comfortable support is best. Adjust the height of the chair so that your thighs are horizontal and your feet flat on the floor. The back of the chair should support your lower back (lumbar region). Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for adjusting the backrest to fit your body properly.
m Arrange the monitor so that the top of the screen is slightly below your eye level when you’re sitting at the keyboard. The best distance from your eyes to the screen is up to you, although most people seem to prefer 18 to 28 inches (45 to 70 cm). m Position the monitor to minimize glare and reflections on the screen from overhead lights and windows. You may want to use a tiltable monitor stand.
What about electromagnetic emissions? There has been recent public discussion of the possible health effects of prolonged exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic fields. Such fields are associated with electromagnetic sources such as television sets, electrical wiring, and some household appliances—as well as computer monitors. Apple has reviewed scientific reports and sought the counsel of government regulatory agencies and respected health organizations.
Appendix B Getting Help When you have questions about how your system software works, look to the Guide menu for access to on-screen help. The Guide menu is identified by a question mark (h) in the upper-right corner of the screen.
Learning the basics If you are a new Macintosh user, take a look at the Macintosh Tutorial, available in the Guide menu. The tutorial teaches you the basic skills you’ll need to use your computer. To start the tutorial, follow these steps: 1 Slide your mouse along your mouse pad or desk. Hold the mouse as shown, with the cable pointing away from you. Don’t press the mouse button (under your index finger). Notice that the arrow (8) on the screen moves in the same direction that you move the mouse.
4 While holding down the mouse button, move the arrow until the words “Macintosh Tutorial” are highlighted, then release the mouse button. A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial. You can set this book aside for now and follow the instructions on the screen. When you have completed the tutorial, return to this book. Reviewing the basics The following illustration summarizes many of the basic skills and terms you learned from the tutorial.
Getting answers in Macintosh Guide When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu. 1 Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose Finder to make it the active application program. A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program. 2 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Macintosh Guide. The Macintosh Guide window appears.
3 Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For. Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information: m Topics lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of contents in a book. m Index lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it is like the index in a book. m Look For lets you search for information related to a specific word or phrase that you type.
2 Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics. When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window. To get instructions, click a question… …and then click OK. 3 Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click here.
Getting answers with the Index button 1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button. An alphabetical list of subjects appears on the left side of the window. Slider Scroll bar 2 Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible. You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or by using the scroll bar at the right of the list. 3 Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.
4 Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK. Or double-click the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click here. 5 Click here to see the next step (if there is one). Read and follow the instructions in the window. Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected.
2 Click the arrow button to activate the text box. 3 Type sound in the text box and then click Search. When you click Search, a list of questions related to the word or phrase you typed appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window. To get instructions, click a question… …and then click OK. 4 Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or doubleclick the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.
Tips for using Macintosh Guide Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively: m Macintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide menu) and choose Finder.
Identifying objects on the screen Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself, “What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as Balloon Help. Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other items on the Macintosh screen in balloons like those you see in comic strips. Follow these steps to use Balloon Help: h 1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Show Balloons.
Learning useful shortcuts You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it. Follow these steps to learn keyboard and mouse shortcuts: 1 h Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Shortcuts. The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears. 2 Click one of the category buttons.
3 Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected. Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the next window (if there is one). 4 When you finish reading about the shortcuts for your category, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window. Or click the close box in the upper-left corner to close the window.
Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard Your server keyboard contains certain special keys that typewriter keyboards don’t have. Many of these keys allow you to give commands to the server without using the mouse. For example, in many application programs, pressing the x (Command) key at the same time as the Q key is often an alternative method of quitting a program. The following table describes what you can do with the special keys on your keyboard.
Special keys on Apple keyboards (continued) Escape key esc Function keys F1 Option key Numeric keys alt option num lock clear = / 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 * enter Power On key Return key return Shift key shift Other special keys ins help Some programs allow you to use the 12 function keys to give commands. You can assign commands or action sequences to function keys with special utility programs. Use in combination with other keys to produce special characters or modify actions.
Appendix D Using Stereo Audio Your server produces stereo sound and provides several options for highquality audio. When an audio device is connected to the sound input port, you can hear or record the incoming sound on the server. When an audio device is connected to the sound output port, you can record the sound produced by the server or play that sound through external speakers. This appendix explains how to connect stereo equipment to your Workgroup Server 8150.
About your server’s sound ports Your server can play and record stereo sound from a variety of sources. To provide or reproduce stereo sound, you can connect audio devices to the sound input and output ports on the server. You can also use the server’s internal CDROM drive to play audio compact discs (CDs). The sound input port is identified with an icon of a microphone. The sound output port is identified with an icon of a speaker.
Connecting an audio device To play or record sound with your server, you can attach a microphone, amplifier, tape recorder, or a pair of speakers. Follow these steps to connect an audio device to the server. 1 Make sure that the audio device has a cable with a stereo miniplug connector. If not, attach an adapter that has a stereo miniplug. 2 Place the audio device near the server. 3 Shut down the server and turn off the audio device.
2 Open the Sound control panel and choose Sound In from the pop-up menu. The Sound control panel is in the Control Panels folder in the Apple (K) menu. The Built-in icon (the preset choice) stands for the computer. Click the Options button to see other choices. 3 To change the selected sound input device, click the Options button. The Input Source options appear.
4 Click the button for the audio device you want to hear, then click OK. If you have software for using spoken commands with your computer, please note: m To use an AudioVision monitor’s microphone for spoken commands, select the AV Connector icon in the Input Source options. m To use a microphone connected to the sound input port for spoken commands, select the Microphone icon. m If Play-Through is selected, you won’t be able to give spoken commands to the computer.
3 Click the icon that represents the source of sound output. About the sample rate: Most of the time you will not need to change the sample rate. Use the Rate pop-up menu to change the sample rate only if the sound you wish to play was recorded at a sample rate different from the current setting. For instance, if you play a QuickTime movie containing sound recorded at 44.1 kHz, set the sample rate in the Rate pop-up menu to 44.1 to hear the full quality of the sound.
Connecting external stereo speakers You can take advantage of your server’s stereo sound output by connecting external powered (amplified) speakers. 1 Assemble the speakers and the cable you need. You need a cable with stereo miniplugs at each end to connect one or both speakers to the server. (Some speakers require a dual-plug adapter. Others, like those shown here, accept a single stereo miniplug and are joined by standard speaker wires.
Playing audio CDs You can play audio CDs by using your server’s internal CD-ROM drive or an external CD-ROM drive or CD player that you’ve connected to your server. Follow these steps to play CD audio sound through the server’s internal speaker: 1 Place an audio CD in the CD-ROM drive or CD player. See the information that came with your server or external equipment for details about inserting a CD.
Index A adapters Apple Ethernet AUI 21 GeoPort Telecom 41 LocalTalk 22 media 2, 17, 18 connecting 18 monitor cable 8 ADB port 3, 5, 9, 40, 62 air circulation 83 alert sounds, recording 114 aliases creating and placing in Startup Items folder 47 renaming for program startup order 47 amber status light (DAT tape drive) 52 amplifier, connecting 111 Apple AudioVision monitor 5, 7, 8, 41, 112 AppleCD Audio Player program 116 Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter 18 Apple Ethernet Thin Coax Transceiver 18 Apple Ethernet Tw
C cables connecting and disconnecting 82 Ethernet 18–20 external speaker 115 fiber optic 18 keyboard 9 LocalTalk 22 monitor 7 mouse 9 SCSI 36 thin coaxial (Ethernet) 19 twisted-pair (Ethernet) 20 capital letters 107, 108 Caps Lock key 107 carpal tunnel syndrome 89 case, cleaning 86 caution signal (DAT tape drive) 52 CD Remote program 116 CD-ROM disc, Workgroup Server Software 38, 58, 60, 62, 66, 67, 68, 70, 75 CD-ROM drive xv, 2, 25, 34 and playing audio CDs 110, 116 starting the server from 67 CD-ROM softw
copying disk images 70 system software from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disk to floppy disks 67 cover of server removing 26–27 replacing 32 cover plate, removing 28 cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) 88 custom utilities, removing 73 customer support hotline xvi D DAT tape cassettes 49–54 and DDS cassettes 50 and MRS cassettes 50 compatible tapes 50 forcing ejection 53 inserting 51 locking 53 removing 53 DAT tape drive avoiding high humidity 53–54 caution signal 52 cleaning heads of 54 compatible t
expansion cards external connector 28 installing 5, 26–32 expansion slots 25, 26, 30 Extensions folder 63 extensions, removing 73 external devices for sound input 113 for sound output 113 turning on 11 external hard disk, problems with 57, 59, 60 external speakers 111, 115 external terminators for SCSI devices 36, 37 eye fatigue related to computer use 88, 89 F fatigue from computer use, avoiding 91 fax software 41 FDDI network 17 fiber-optic media 18 File menu, Make Alias item in 47 files, backing up 49–5
HD SC Setup program 74, 77–78 head cleaning, DAT tape drive and 52, 54 health-related information about computer use 88–91 health tips, electromagnetic emission 92 help, on-screen xiii, 93 Hide Balloons command (Guide menu) 103 high-density monitor port 3 Huh? button (Macintosh Guide window) 102 humidity, DAT tape drive and 53–54 I, J icons ADB 9, 40 Apple HD SC Setup 74, 77 blinking question mark 12, 58 disk with “X” 58 GeoPort 41 hard disk drive 12 modem port 41 network connection 24 printer port 39 “sad
M Macintosh Guide described xiv, xvi, 93 using 96–98 Macintosh Guide window closing 102 Huh? button 102 Index button 97, 99–100 Look For button 97, 100–101 moving 102 moving to next step in 98 returning to 98, 102 searching for general subjects in 97, 98 searching for specific subjects in 97, 99, 100 searching for words or phrases in 97, 100, 101 shrinking and expanding 102 tips for using 102 Topics button 97, 98 Macintosh Tutorial 93, 94, 95 Make Alias item (in File menu) 47 mathematical symbols 108 media
networks Ethernet 17, 18–21 FDDI 17 LocalTalk 17, 22–23 reconnecting to 24 Token Ring 17 network services xv, 24, 47 non-Apple operating system 38 non-Apple products 38 NuBus expansion card 26 numeric keys 108 O office furniture, optimal arrangement of 90 on-screen help xiii, 93 Option key 108 P patch cord, twisted-pair 20 PC Exchange control panel 64, 65 performance sample rate for sound output and 114 server 72 PlainTalk Microphone 40, 111 Play-Through sound option 112, 113, 114, 116 plugging in the ser
programs activating 96 AppleCD Audio Player 116 Apple HD SC Setup 38, 74, 77–78 Apple Remote Access 46 AppleSearch xv, 46 AppleShare xv, 46 backup 60, 66 can’t be opened 44, 63, 64 CD Remote 116 Chooser 39 communications 41 Disk Copy 70 Disk First Aid 74 disk repair 78–79, 80 fax 41 incompatible 62 installing 46, 48 order of installing and starting 46 PC Exchange 64, 65 Power Macintosh xi, 44, 63 problems opening 44, 63, 64 restarting server programs 47 Retrospect Remote 49, 53 screen-saver 57, 83 server ap
ID numbers 34–35, 77 pre-installed 34 problems with 34, 58, 60 setting up 34 termination 36–37, 77 troubleshooting 58, 77 turning on the server and 37 SCSI port 3, 33 security issues 4 security lock, attaching 4–5 security lock port 3, 4 self-terminating transceiver 19 self-test, DAT tape drive and 50–51 server application programs information about those included with Workgroup Server xv installing and starting 46–47 reinstalling 73 server tape drive and 49 setting date and time 14 SCSI ID numbers 34–35 se
system software clean installation of 72–75 copying to floppy disks 70 problems with 12, 58, 63, 66 reinstalling 63, 66–69 reinstalling CD-ROM software 75–76 T Tab key 108 tape cassettes. See DAT tape cassettes tape drive.
24-hour clock 14 twisted-pair cable 20 network 18, 20 patch cord 20 transceiver 20 typing 107.
The Apple Publishing System Administrator’s Guide for the Workgroup Server 8150 was written, edited, and composed on a desktop publishing system using Apple Macintosh computers, an AppleTalk network system, Microsoft Word, and QuarkXPress. Line art was created with Adobe Illustrator. Proof pages were printed on Apple LaserWriter printers. Final pages were proofed on Creo Plate Master and output by Creo 3244 Platesetter on Hoeschst N90 plates.
