K Administrator’s Guide for the Workgroup Server 6150/66
K Apple Computer, Inc. © 1995 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries.
Contents Communications regulation information / viii Laser information / ix Preface About This Guide / xi 1 Setting Up Your Server / 1 Your server at a glance / 2 Security issues / 3 Physically isolating the system / 4 Using a locking cable / 4 Installing an expansion card / 5 Connecting a monitor / 5 Connecting the monitor’s power cord / 5 Connecting the monitor cable / 7 Connecting the mouse and keyboard / 8 Connecting other devices / 9 Plugging in the server / 9 Turning the server on / 10 Problems tu
2 Connecting to the Network / 15 Connecting to an Ethernet network / 16 Connecting to thin coaxial Ethernet / 17 Connecting to twisted-pair Ethernet / 18 Connecting to other types of Ethernet / 19 Connecting to a LocalTalk network / 20 If you need to switch the network connection / 22 3 Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment / 25 Installing an expansion card / 26 Installing the card / 27 Expanding memory / 34 Installing other internal devices / 34 Connecting hard disks and other SCSI device
4 Using Software With Your Server / 43 Using Power Macintosh programs / 44 Virtual memory / 44 Shared libraries / 44 Using older Macintosh programs / 45 Using server application programs / 46 Setting the system time and date / 46 Order of installing and starting programs / 46 Setting up your server to restart programs automatically / 47 Additional capabilities for your server system / 48 Backing up your files / 48 5 Troubleshooting / 49 When you run into trouble / 49 Take your time / 49 Start over / 50
Appendix A Safety, Maintenance, and Health Information / 75 Important server safety instructions / 75 Handling your computer equipment / 77 Handling the monitor / 78 Handling the keyboard / 78 Handling floppy disks / 79 Ejecting a disk / 79 If you can’t eject a floppy disk / 79 Power supply / 80 Cleaning your equipment / 80 Cleaning the server case / 80 Cleaning the monitor / 81 Cleaning the mouse / 81 Health-related information about computer use / 82 Musculoskeletal discomfort / 83 Eye fatigue / 84 Arra
Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard / 101 Appendix D Using Stereo Audio / 103 About your server’s sound ports / 104 Connecting an audio device / 105 Choosing audio input options / 105 Choosing audio output options / 107 Recording an alert sound / 108 Connecting external stereo speakers / 108 Playing audio CDs / 109 Index / 111 Contents vii
Communications regulation information FCC statement The equipment described in this manual generates and uses radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception. (That is, make certain the computer and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.
Laser information WARNING Making adjustments or performing procedures other than those specified in your equipment’s documentation may result in hazardous exposure. WARNING Do not attempt to disassemble the cabinet containing the laser. The laser beam used in this product is harmful to the eyes. The use of optical instruments, such as magnifying lenses, with this product increases the potential hazard to your eyes.
Preface About This Guide This guide tells you how to set up your Workgroup Server 6150/66 and connect it to your LocalTalk or Ethernet network. The guide also provides information about expanding your server, using software, and troubleshooting problems that may arise. Note: For easier reading, the Workgroup Server 6150/66 will be referred to as the Workgroup Server 6150 throughout this guide.
Who should read this guide This guide is intended for the person who sets up the server and connects it to an existing network. You should be familiar with basic Macintosh terms, concepts, and techniques. If you’re new to the Macintosh environment, see Appendix B, “Getting Help,” after setting up your server system. You also need to know some details of your existing network to choose the appropriate procedures for connecting the server to your network.
How to use this guide Familiarize yourself with your server’s basic components. See the section “Your Server at a Glance” in Chapter 1. Consider security issues and placement of your server. Read the section “Security Issues” in Chapter 1 for important information about protecting your server from unauthorized access. If you want to add an expansion card to the server: Install the card or internal device according to the instructions in Chapter 3, “Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment.
For on-screen help and information There are several valuable sources of help and information that you can view directly on your server’s monitor screen, as described in this section. Workgroup Server Read Me It is important that you read the Workgroup Server Read Me file, which contains late-breaking information about your server. This file is located on the server’s hard disk and on the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc. You may want to print this file for future reference.
The Electronic Library folder contains electronic versions of the following documents: m this book, the Administrator’s Guide m the Technical Information booklet for the Workgroup Server 6150 m the Apple RAID Software Administrator’s Guide m other user’s guides for software that may have come with your server Other reference material In addition to this guide, you may need to consult the following sources of information.
Where to find answers As you begin to use your server, remember that you have a number of resources available when you need assistance: In this book Administr ator’s Gu ide Use this book to help you set up your server and learn about it, or to find solutions to problems. In the Guide menu The Guide menu (marked with the h icon) is your main source of information about system software. To learn how to get different kinds of help from the Guide menu, see Appendix B in this book.
1 Setting Up Your Server Setting up your server involves connecting a monitor, mouse, and keyboard, expanding your system to suit your needs, and connecting to the network. First, acquaint yourself with your server’s features, as shown in the next section, “Your Server at a Glance.” Also, be sure to read the section “Security Issues” for important information about protecting your server from unauthorized access.
Your server at a glance The following figure shows the basic components of your Workgroup Server 6150, assembled and connected to a network.
The ports on the back of the Workgroup Server 6150 and the icons that identify them are shown in the following figure. During setup, you’ll connect hardware to some of these ports. g F SCSI port Connects your server to SCSI devices such as hard disk drives, scanners, and printers. W Modem port (GeoPort) Connects your server to input devices, such as a keyboard or a trackball.
Physically isolating the system It is important to note that even if software security features (such as password protection or locking screen savers) are in use on the server, it is still possible to disconnect peripheral devices—such as hard disks, which may contain confidential information—from your server system. There is no better way to protect hardware components than by physically isolating the server—locking it either in a well-ventilated cabinet or in a room with controlled access.
Installing an expansion card If you purchased an expansion card for your server, install it now (see “Installing an Expansion Card” in Chapter 3 for instructions). If you don’t have an expansion card, go on to the next section, “Connecting a Monitor.” Connecting a monitor Your server has one high-density monitor port that accepts a monitor with a screen 16 inches or smaller (measured diagonally). Note: You can use a larger monitor by installing a monitor card.
m If your monitor’s screen is larger than 17 inches measured diagonally, place it next to the server (a monitor of this size is too heavy to sit directly on the server’s case). m Consult “Arranging Your Office” in Appendix A for suggestions about locating your server equipment. 2 Connect the monitor’s power cord to the monitor. On some monitors, the cord is already attached. 3 Plug in the monitor’s power cord. Some power cords are designed to plug into the back of your server.
Connecting the monitor cable After you plug in the monitor’s power cord, you connect the monitor cable to the server’s monitor port. To connect the monitor cable: 1 Attach the monitor cable to the monitor. On some monitors, the cable is already attached. 2 If you have a standard monitor, attach the monitor cable adapter to the monitor cable. The monitor cable adapter comes with your server.
If you have an AudioVision monitor, see the information that came with the monitor to learn about its special features. Connecting the mouse and keyboard You have a choice of several keyboards for your server. They are all connected the same way. 1 Plug the mouse cable into the port on either side of the keyboard. Most right-handed people prefer to use the mouse with their right hand; most left-handed people prefer to use the mouse with their left hand.
Connecting other devices If you want to connect other devices to your server, such as an external hard disk or a printer, follow the instructions in Chapter 3. Plugging in the server To plug in the server: 1 Plug the socket end of the server’s power cord into the recessed power plug (marked with the symbol ≤) on the back of the server. 2 Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip. Choose a power outlet to which you have easy access.
IMPORTANT Be sure at least one end of the power cord is within easy reach so that you can unplug the server when you need to. When your server is off, it remains in a “standby” state, drawing a small amount of electrical current. This readies the server for a quick startup. If you ever need to disconnect power completely, unplug the server. Turning the server on To turn on the server for the first time, follow these steps.
Startup disk icon Macintosh desktop Why the message about your network connection? The Workgroup Server system software is preset for Ethernet networks. When you start up your server for the first time (before connecting a network cable), you’ll see a dialog box alerting you that the system temporarily switched the network connection from built-in EtherTalk (software for Ethernet) to LocalTalk.
Problems turning on your server? If you don’t see anything on the screen, check these items to see if you can identify the problem: m Is the server plugged into a power source? If it is plugged into a power strip, is the power strip turned on? m Is the power light on the front panel on? m Are the keyboard and mouse cables connected correctly? (Don’t disconnect the keyboard or mouse cables while your server is on. You could damage your equipment.
Turning the server off You need to turn off the server to connect to the network as described in Chapter 2. 1 Use the mouse to choose the Shut Down command from the Special menu. Choosing Shut Down readies the hard disk for a fast restart next time you turn on the server. It also prompts you to save any unsaved work on a disk before turning the power off.
2 Connecting to the Network The Workgroup Server 6150 contains built-in hardware and software for connecting the server to two types of networks: LocalTalk and Ethernet. You connect the server to a LocalTalk network through the printer port. The built-in Ethernet port on the Workgroup Server 6150 lets you connect the server to a high-speed Ethernet network.
Connecting to an Ethernet network The built-in Ethernet capabilities of your Workgroup Server 6150 allow you to connect to any standard Ethernet network using thin coaxial (or “coax”), 10BASE-T twisted-pair, or thick coaxial cables; fiber-optic media; or other standard Ethernet cables.
Connecting to thin coaxial Ethernet Follow this procedure to connect the server to an Ethernet network that uses thin coaxial cable. The hardware connection requires an Apple (or Applecompatible) thin coaxial transceiver and a thin coaxial cable. To connect the server to a thin coaxial network: 1 Make sure that the server is turned off. 2 Attach one end of a thin coaxial cable to one of the posts on the thin coaxial transceiver.
Connecting to twisted-pair Ethernet Follow this procedure to connect the server to a network that implements Ethernet over twisted-pair cable. The hardware connection requires an Apple (or Apple-compatible) twisted-pair transceiver and a twisted-pair patch cord with an RJ-45 telephone-style connector jack. You plug the transceiver into a standard wall plate that is connected to a centralized 10BASE-T hub. To connect the server to a twisted-pair network: 1 Make sure that the server is turned off.
Connecting to other types of Ethernet The Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter is a universal adapter that lets you connect the server to less-common types of industry-standard Ethernet media, such as thick coaxial or fiber-optic cable. If you are using the Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter, you also need an Ethernet transceiver for your specific media type, and the transceiver must have a standard AUI (Attachment Unit Interface) port on it.
4 Plug the adapter’s power cord into a power outlet. 5 Plug the connector on the Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter into the Ethernet port on the server. The server is preset to use the network software connection for Ethernet. You can use network services as soon as you start up the server. Connecting to a LocalTalk network The Apple LocalTalk Locking Connector Kit DIN-8, available from your Appleauthorized dealer, lets you connect the server to an existing LocalTalk network by means of the printer port.
Printer port LocalTalk adapter LocalTalk cable Now that you have made the server’s physical connection to LocalTalk, you can start up the server. IMPORTANT After connecting to a LocalTalk network (if you have not also connected to Ethernet), each time you start up the server you’ll see a dialog box that indicates an error condition. This dialog box informs you that the system has made a temporary switch from EtherTalk (its preset network software connection) to LocalTalk.
If you need to switch the network connection Your Workgroup Server 6150 includes AppleTalk networking software, which can run on both Ethernet and LocalTalk networks. (You can also add software for other networks.) The built-in AppleTalk software for Ethernet networks is called EtherTalk. Depending on the type of network to which you connect your server, you may need to change the network connection setting for your server system. The Workgroup Server is preset to use the EtherTalk network connection.
3 Click the icon of the new network connection that you want to use. An alert box appears, warning you that you may be disconnected from any network services (such as network printers) that may be available with your current network connection. (Your network connection types may be different from those shown in the following example.) 4 Click OK. 5 Close the Network control panel. You can now use the network connection you selected.
3 Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment You can expand the capabilities of your server by installing items internally and by connecting external devices. The following figure shows you the location of the Workgroup Server 6150’s internal components. An external view of the server, depicting the ports to which you connect other devices, is shown in the section “Your Server at a Glance” in Chapter 1.
Installing an expansion card You can install a printed circuit board (called a card) for video and graphics applications, networking and communications, additional processing power, or other purposes. The card fits into a connector, called an expansion slot, inside the server. Your server has one expansion slot designed to accept a processor-direct slot (PDS) card or a NuBus™ card. Each card requires an adapter, which allows it to fit into the expansion slot.
Installing the card IMPORTANT Some cards may need to be installed by an Apple-authorized service provider. Check the information that came with the card. Follow these steps to install an expansion card. 1 Shut down the server, disconnect any attached cables (including the power cord), and press the power switch once to discharge static electricity. 2 Remove the lid from the server. Pull up on the two latches at the rear corners of the case. Lift up on the latches.
3 Remove the cover from the access port on the back panel of your server and set it aside. Use your thumb to push out the access port cover. Access port cover 4 Touch the metal part of the power supply case inside the server to discharge static electricity. Always do this before you touch any parts, or install any components, inside the server.
5 Remove the card from its static-proof bag. Handle the card by its edges. Do not touch the connectors. Connector 6 Remove the adapter card assembly from its static-proof bag. The adapter card assembly consists of an adapter card attached to a metal bracket. Do not touch the connectors on the card. Card connector Expansion slot connector Set aside the thumbscrews that came with the adapter card. You’ll need them later.
7 Attach the card to the adapter card assembly. Rest the adapter card on the edge of a flat surface, with the metal bracket pointing up. Slide the card into the bracket. The pin on the bracket should line up with the hole on the metal end of the card. Press gently on the cards to push the connectors together. When the cards are attached correctly, the pin fits into the hole and the guide fits into the slot, as shown in the illustration.
8 Locate the expansion slot on the main circuit board. The expansion slot is at the far-left edge of the circuit board as you face the front of the server. Expansion slot 9 Power supply Insert the connector on the adapter card into the expansion slot. Line up the connector with the slot. Then press down gently but firmly on the adapter card until the connector is fully inserted.
Make sure that the tab on the side of the card assembly slides into the slot on the side of the case, as shown. Adapter card assembly Tab Slot in computer case 10 Attach the thumbscrews to the access port on the server’s back panel. Position the bracket against the access port while inserting and tightening the thumbscrews.
11 Replace the cover on the server. 1 Lower the front end of the cover and slide it toward the back. 2 Engage the ribs on the bottom case with the slots in the cover. 3 Press down on the latches to snap them into place. WARNING Always replace the cover before turning the server on. 12 Plug the server’s power cord back into a power outlet.
Expanding memory Additional random-access memory (RAM) can be installed in your server. The Technical Information booklet that came with your server describes how much additional memory can be installed in the server. Memory for your server is provided in packages called RAM SIMMs. The SIMMs must be the correct type for your server. They should be installed in pairs of the same size into paired slots in your server.
SCSI icon SCSI port IMPORTANT Before connecting a device to your server, be sure that the server (and any other device already connected to it) is turned off. Read the instructions in this section and the instructions that came with your hard disk or other SCSI device before connecting it to your server. SCSI devices commonly used with the Workgroup Server 6150 include hard disks, CD-ROM drives, scanners, printers, and tape-backup drives.
If you have an Apple SCSI device, set the SCSI ID number as follows: 1 Make sure that the server and SCSI device are turned off. 2 Choose a number between 0 and 6 that doesn’t duplicate the ID of any other SCSI device connected to your server. The startup disk’s ID number is preset to 0 and the CD-ROM drive’s ID is preset to 3. (The server itself has the ID number 7.) Therefore, the ID numbers that can be assigned are 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6, as shown in the following figure.
Connecting a SCSI device To connect a SCSI device to your server: 1 If your server is turned on, shut it down. 2 Make sure the SCSI device is switched off. WARNING Do not connect or disconnect any device while the device or your server is turned on. Doing so could damage the device, your server, or both. 3 Make sure the device has its own, unique ID number between 0 and 6. See the previous section, “Setting the SCSI ID Number,” for details.
5 Make sure that only the last device in the SCSI chain has a terminator. To ensure accurate transmission of information, a terminator must be at each end of a SCSI chain. Your internal hard disk, which is the first device in the chain, has a built-in terminator. Some external SCSI devices from manufacturers other than Apple have a builtin terminator. (Check the information that came with the device.
To install a driver: m Start up your server, if necessary, and drag the driver icon to the System Folder icon on your startup disk. Any drivers needed for a SCSI device are usually on a floppy disk that comes with the device. (If no drivers come with the device, then it doesn’t need any.) You may have to restart your server to activate the driver.
Connecting a printer Your server has a printer port, which you use to connect a printer to your server. Printer port icon Printer port The printer port accepts either a direct cable connection (to printers such as the StyleWriter II) or a network cable connection (to printers such as a LaserWriter Pro or LaserWriter Select). Follow the instructions that came with your printer when connecting it to your server. A printer can also be connected to the modem port (GeoPort).
Connecting a trackball or other input device Your server has an Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port, which you use to connect the mouse, the keyboard, and other input devices such as a trackball, a barcode reader, or a graphics tablet. ADB port icon ADB port You can usually connect up to three ADB devices in a chain to a single port. The exact number depends on how much power the devices require. IMPORTANT The total power used by all ADB devices connected to your server must not exceed 500 milliamperes (mA).
Note: The Apple AudioVision 14 Display has the Apple PlainTalk Microphone built in. To connect the microphone: m Plug the microphone’s connector into the sound input port (marked with the symbol X) on the back of the server. See “Connecting an Audio Device” in Appendix D of this book for more information about the sound input port.
4 Using Software With Your Server This chapter provides important information you need to know about using your Workgroup Server 6150 with application programs. For instance, although your server is compatible with most programs intended for use with Macintosh computers, certain programs are designed especially for Power Macintosh computers. These kinds of programs take best advantage of your server’s speed. In addition, the order in which certain programs start up affects a server’s performance.
Using Power Macintosh programs Programs designed for Power Macintosh computers will provide improved performance for your server. However, to get the full benefit of this software, you need to know about two key issues—virtual memory and shared libraries. Virtual memory Virtual memory is a feature of Macintosh computers that lets you use space on a hard disk as additional memory. This feature helps you run large applications when the server does not contain enough random-access memory (RAM).
Using older Macintosh programs If you experience problems using an older Macintosh program, it may be incompatible with your Power Macintosh. You may be able to use your older program if you change the Memory Manager setting in your Memory control panel. Follow these steps: 1 Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Memory control panel. 2 Turn off Modern Memory Manager. Click here to turn off Modern Memory Manager.
Using server application programs Specific server application programs or services, such as AppleShare, AppleSearch, Apple Remote Access, or Apple RAID Software, may have been included with your server. Review the documentation that came with the software before you install these services; you may be required to perform special procedures that can affect your server system before you use a particular service.
Setting up your server to restart programs automatically You can set the Workgroup Server 6150 to start server application programs (including network services) automatically whenever you start up the server or whenever the server automatically restarts after a temporary power outage. To set up your server to restart server application programs automatically: 1 Create an alias for each program that you want the server to start automatically.
Additional capabilities for your server system You have the option to install two programs that provide new capabilities for your system software: m PowerTalk, which provides built-in mail and collaboration services m QuickDraw GX, which gives your computer more powerful printing capabilities If you use your server as a personal computer and other users on your network have installed PowerTalk, you will find PowerTalk’s features useful.
5 Troubleshooting When you run into trouble While you’re using your server, it’s possible that you may experience a problem such as the pointer “freezing” on the screen, or you may see an error message or even a bomb icon. If you have trouble with your server, take a moment to review the solutions to common problems listed in this chapter.
m If you were typing text and were not able to save it before the problem occurred, you can write down the parts of the text still visible on the screen so that some of your work will be easy to replace. m Ask other Macintosh users about the problem you’re having; they may have a solution for it. m Find out what actions users were performing on the server (such as copying large files, launching programs on the server, or installing programs over the network).
4 If pressing the reset switch does nothing, turn off your computer using the power switch, wait at least 10 seconds, then turn it on again. 5 If the power switch doesn’t turn off the computer, unplug your server. If you suspect that the problem is with a peripheral device, such as a printer or external hard disk, turn off all devices for 10 seconds or more, then turn one on and restart the server.
A disk icon with a blinking question mark appeared when you started your server. The blinking question mark indicates that your server cannot find system software. You may need to repair a damaged disk, or reinstall system software. m Your server may be having a problem recognizing a SCSI device. Turn off external SCSI devices and restart.
A “sad Macintosh” icon appeared and the server won’t start up. Your server cannot start up because of a problem with the system software or the server hardware. m Eject any floppy disks (or CD-ROM discs) by turning off the server and then holding down the mouse button while you turn the server on again. Try starting up with a different startup disk (such as the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc).
If you still have a problem, try the following: m If the hard disk is external, make sure it is turned on and its cable is connected firmly and properly terminated; then restart the server. m Check the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your server. See the information on SCSI devices in Chapter 3 of this book. m If the hard disk is your startup disk, start up your server with the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc (see “Starting Up From the CD-ROM Drive” later in this chapter).
If you are trying to use a DOS disk: m The disk may have been formatted incorrectly on a DOS computer. On DOS computers it’s possible to format a standard double-sided disk in a highdensity (1440K) format, and vice versa. Disks formatted this way cannot be read by a Macintosh computer. When formatting disks on a DOS computer, always format standard doublesided disks in the 720K format. Always format high-density disks in the 1440K format.
Typing on the keyboard produces nothing on the screen. The insertion point hasn’t been set, no text is selected, an application program is not active, the keyboard is not connected properly, the keyboard’s signals are not reaching the server, or there is a software error. m Make sure the program you want to use is the active program. m Place the pointer in the active window and click to set an insertion point or drag to select text (if applicable).
m If the problem recurs, check the startup disk and program you are using when the message appears. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software. Reinstalling the system software may correct the problem. m Sometimes incompatible system extensions or control panels can cause system software problems. To see if this is the problem, use the Extensions Manager control panel to turn off individual extensions and then restart the server.
You experience problems using a document from a DOS computer. If you can’t open a DOS or Windows document using a Macintosh program, try the following: m Open the document from within the program by using the Open command in the program’s File menu. m Use the PC Exchange control panel to change the document’s type to one that can be opened by the program.
m Some documents can be opened by more than one application program. Try starting a program that you think might be able to open the document; then choose the Open command from the program’s File menu to try to open the document. (Or drag the document to the program’s icon. If the program can open the document, the program’s icon highlights.
When you need to reinstall system software System software is the set of programs and other files that your server uses to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run the application programs you use. This software is kept in a folder called the System Folder. When you turn on your server, it looks for a startup disk, which is a disk that contains the system software.
Starting up from the CD-ROM drive You can use the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc to start up your server from the built-in CD-ROM drive (even if your startup disk is damaged). 1 With your server turned on, place the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc in the CD-ROM drive’s tray with the label facing up, and close the tray. 2 Choose Restart from the Special menu. 3 Immediately press and hold down the “C” letter key. Release the key after the server starts up.
About using the Installer program Before you use the Installer, you need to start up your server by following the instructions in either “Starting Up From the CD-ROM Drive” or “Starting Up From a Floppy Drive” earlier in this chapter. How you start using the Installer depends upon where it is located: m If you started up from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc, open the folder named System Software Installers and review the instructions in the Read Me file before using the Installer programs there.
2 Check that the destination disk indicated in the Installer is the one on which you want to install system software. If not, click the Switch Disk button until the correct disk name appears. This is the disk on which system software will be installed. Click to indicate a different disk. Note: If you are using the Installer on a hard disk that doesn’t have system software, the explanatory text on-scren will be slightly different from what’s shown in this example. 3 Click Install.
Creating startup floppy disks You can create Macintosh system software floppy disks from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc. This allows you to have a backup copy of the system software from which you can start up the server and reinstall the system software. You need to use the Disk Copy program to make a copy of the system software. (Dragging system software files to floppy disks does not work because the Installer expects the files to be in certain places on the floppy disks.
6 Click the name of a disk image; then click Open. In a few moments a message appears near the top of the window, indicating that the disk image has been loaded. 7 Click Make A Copy. 8 When you see a message telling you to insert a disk, insert a floppy disk. If the disk already contains information, you’re asked whether you want to replace the contents of the disk. Click Duplicate if you want to erase the information on the disk and replace it with a copy of system software.
If you still do not notice an improvement after removing all special programs, try doing a “clean” installation of system software, as described next. Doing a clean installation of system software Performing what is commonly called a “clean” installation of system software involves repairing any damage to your startup disk and installing new versions of system software and disk drive software. To do this, you must start up your server from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc.
Follow these steps to do a clean installation: 1 Start up your server from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc. If you need instructions, see the section “Starting Up From the CD-ROM Drive” earlier in this chapter. 2 Open the Utilities folder on the Workgroup Server Software disc, then double-click the Disk First Aid icon. 3 In the Disk First Aid window, click the icon of the server’s hard disk. Disk icons appear in a box at the top of the Disk First Aid window.
WARNING If your startup disk has been formatted for use with Apple RAID Software, do not use HD SC Setup to update the disk. See the Apple RAID Software Administrator’s Guide for information about repairing disks containing RAID volumes. 7 Click Update to replace the existing startup disk drive software with a new version. 8 When the startup disk software is updated, choose Quit from the File menu. 9 Make sure that at least 20 MB of disk space is available on the startup disk.
If there’s a problem with your CD-ROM drive software Your built-in CD-ROM drive requires special software, which is already installed on your hard disk. If you experience occasional problems using your CD-ROM drive, try reinstalling the server’s multimedia software, which includes CD-ROM and QuickTime software. IMPORTANT If you cannot use your server’s CD-ROM drive, use a set of system software floppy disks to restart your system and reinstall the CD-ROM drive software.
Repairing a damaged disk Disks can become damaged by repeated use and handling. If you see a message reporting that a disk is damaged or unreadable, you may need to repair the disk. WARNING If the damaged disk has been formatted for use with Apple RAID Software, see the Apple RAID Software Administrator’s Guide for information about repairing disks that contain RAID volumes.
How to test a hard disk You can test an Apple SCSI hard disk with the Apple HD SC Setup program, which is on the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc. 1 Start up your server from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc. If you need instructions, see “Starting Up From the CD-ROM Drive” in the section “Reinstalling System Software” earlier in this chapter. 2 Open the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc icon and then open the Utilities folder. 3 Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon.
If the test reveals a problem, you may be able to correct it by using Disk First Aid or another disk repair program (see the instructions in the next section). If you cannot correct the problem you may need to initialize the disk (again, using Apple HD SC Setup) and reinstall system software (see “Reinstalling System Software” earlier in this chapter). If necessary, consult an Appleauthorized service provider for assistance.
4 Click the icon of the disk you want to test. 5 Click Repair to begin testing and repairing the disk. 6 When testing and repair are finished, choose Quit from the File menu. If Disk First Aid cannot correct the problem m Try repairing the disk again. Sometimes repeating the process corrects the problem. m Use another disk repair or recovery program. Some disk repair programs let you recover information from a damaged disk. m Consult a computer repair specialist for help.
Appendix A Safety, Maintenance, and Health Information Important server safety instructions For your own safety and that of your equipment, always take the following precautions. Turn off the server and disconnect the power plug (by pulling the plug, not the cord) if any of the following conditions exists: m The power cord or plug becomes frayed or otherwise damaged. m You spill something into the case. m Your server is exposed to rain or any other excess moisture.
Be sure that you always do the following: m Keep your computer away from sources of liquids, such as wash basins, bathtubs, shower stalls, and so on. m Protect your computer from dampness or wet weather, such as rain, snow, and so on. m Read all the installation instructions carefully before you plug your computer into a wall socket. m Keep these instructions handy for reference by you and others. m Follow all instructions and warnings dealing with your system.
Handling your computer equipment Follow these guidelines for handling your server and its components: m When setting up your server, place components on a sturdy, flat surface, and carefully follow all setup instructions. m When connecting or disconnecting a cable, always hold the cable by its connector (the plug, not the cord). m Turn off your server and all its components before connecting or disconnecting any cables to add or remove any component. Failure to do so could seriously damage your equipment.
Handling the monitor Follow these procedures for handling a monitor: m Turn down the screen brightness control if you leave the server turned on for extended periods. If the brightness is not turned down, the image on the screen could “burn in” and damage the screen. You can also use a “screen-saver” program, which dims or varies the image on the screen when the server has been idle for a specified period of time. These programs are available from independent suppliers and user groups.
Handling floppy disks Store disks at temperatures between 50° F and 125° F. Do not use a pencil or an eraser on a disk or disk label. Keep disks dry. 125° F (52° C) 50° F (10° C) Do not touch the exposed part of the disk behind the metal shutter. Keep disks away from magnets. Avoid exposing disks to extremely hot temperatures. Ejecting a disk For instructions on ejecting a floppy disk, a CD-ROM disc, or a removable media disk, see the “Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide menu.
m Locate the small hole near the disk drive’s opening, and carefully insert the end of a large straightened paper clip into it. Push gently until the disk is ejected. Do not use excessive force. If nothing works, take the server or disk drive to your Apple-authorized service provider to have the disk removed. Power supply The power supply in your server is a high-voltage component and should not be opened for any reason, even when the server is off.
Cleaning the monitor To clean the screen, put household glass cleaner on a soft cloth and wipe the screen. Don’t spray the cleaner directly on the screen, because the liquid might drip into the monitor or server. Cleaning the mouse The mouse contains a small ball that must roll smoothly for the mouse to work properly. You can keep this ball free of dirt and grease by using the mouse on a clean, lint-free surface and cleaning it occasionally. You need a few cotton swabs and a clean, soft, lint-free cloth.
4 Clean the three small rollers inside the mouse with a cotton swab moistened with water. Rotate the rollers to clean all around them. 5 Wipe the mouse ball with a clean, soft, dry, and lint-free cloth. 6 If necessary, wash the mouse ball with warm soapy water (use a mild soap such as a dishwashing liquid) and then dry the mouse ball thoroughly. 7 Gently blow into the mouse case to remove any dust that has collected there. 8 Put the ball and the ring back in place.
The most common health effects associated with using a computer are musculoskeletal discomfort and eye fatigue. We’ll discuss each area of concern below. For information about electric and magnetic emissions, look in the reference material that came with your computer. Musculoskeletal discomfort As with any activity that involves sitting for long periods of time, using a computer can make your muscles sore and stiff.
No one, of course, can guarantee that you won’t have problems even when you follow the most expert advice on using computer equipment. You should always check with a qualified health specialist if muscle, joint, or eye problems occur. Eye fatigue Eye fatigue can occur whenever the eyes are focused on a nearby object for a long time. This problem occurs because the eye muscles must work harder to view an object that’s closer than about 20 feet (6 meters).
m When you use the computer keyboard, your shoulders should be relaxed. Your upper arm and forearm should form an approximate right angle, with your wrist and hand in roughly a straight line. 45–70 cm (18–28 in.) Shoulders relaxed Forearms and hands in a straight line Forearms level or tilted up slightly Lower back supported Top of the screen at or slightly below eye level (You may need to adjust the height of your monitor by placing something under it or by raising your work surface.
Avoiding fatigue m Change your seated position, stand up, or stretch whenever you start to feel tired. Frequent short breaks are helpful in reducing fatigue. m Use a light touch when typing or using a mouse and keep your hands and fingers relaxed. m Some computer users may develop discomfort in their hands, wrists, or arms after intensive work without breaks. If you begin to develop chronic pain or discomfort in your hands, wrists, or arms, consult a qualified health specialist.
Appendix B Getting Help When you have questions about how your system software works, look to the Guide menu for access to on-screen help. The Guide menu is identified by a question mark (h) in the upper-right corner of the screen.
Learning the basics If you are a new Macintosh user, take a look at the Macintosh Tutorial, available in the Guide menu. The tutorial teaches you the basic skills you’ll need to use your computer. To start the tutorial, follow these steps: 1 Slide your mouse along your mouse pad or desk. Hold the mouse as shown, with the cable pointing away from you. Don’t press the mouse button (under your index finger). Notice that the arrow (8) on the screen moves in the same direction that you move the mouse.
4 While holding down the mouse button, move the arrow until the words “Macintosh Tutorial” are highlighted, then release the mouse button. A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial. You can set this book aside for now and follow the instructions on the screen. When you have completed the tutorial, return to this book. Reviewing the basics The following illustration summarizes many of the basic skills and terms you learned from the tutorial.
Getting answers in Macintosh Guide When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu. 1 Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose Finder to make it the active application program. A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program. 2 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Macintosh Guide. The Macintosh Guide window appears.
Whenever you use Macintosh Guide, its window remains in front of other windows. If the window gets in your way, you can move it by dragging its title bar (the gray bar across the top of the window). 3 Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For. Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information: m Topics lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of contents in a book.
Getting answers with the Topics button 1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Topics button. A list of general topics appears on the left side of the Macintosh Guide window. (Depending on the hardware and software you have, the list of topics may be different.) 2 Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics. When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window. To get instructions, click a question… …and then click OK.
3 Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click here. 4 Click here to see the next step (if there is one). Read and follow the instructions in this window. Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected.
2 Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible. You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or by using the scroll bar at the right of the list. 3 Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list. When you click any index entry, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window. To get instructions, click a question… …and then click OK.
5 Read and follow the instructions in the window. Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right corner to see the next step. 6 When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Guide window. Now continue with the next section.
3 Type sound in the text box and then click Search. When you click Search, a list of questions related to the word or phrase you typed appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window. To get instructions, click a question… …and then click OK. 4 Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or doubleclick the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to close Macintosh Guide, click here.
Tips for using Macintosh Guide Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively: m Macintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide menu) and choose Finder.
Identifying objects on the screen Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself, “What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as Balloon Help. Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other items on the Macintosh screen in balloons like those you see in comic strips. Follow these steps to use Balloon Help: 1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Show Balloons.
Learning useful shortcuts You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it. Follow these steps to learn keyboard and mouse shortcuts: 1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Shortcuts. The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears. 2 Click one of the category buttons.
3 Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected. Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the next window (if there is one). 4 When you finish reading about the shortcuts for your category, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window. Or click the close box in the upper-left corner to close the window.
Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard Your server keyboard contains certain special keys that typewriter keyboards don’t have. Many of these keys allow you to give commands to the server without using the mouse. For example, in many application programs, pressing the x (Command) key at the same time as the Q key is often an alternate method of quitting a program. The following table describes what you can do with the special keys on your keyboard.
Special keys on Apple keyboards (continued) Enter key enter Escape key esc Function keys F1 Option key Numeric keys alt option num lock clear = / 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 * enter Power On key Return key return Shift key Other special keys shift ins help home page up end page down del Tab key Some programs allow you to use the 12 function keys to give commands. You can assign commands or action sequences to function keys with special utility programs.
Appendix D Using Stereo Audio Your server produces stereo sound and provides several options for highquality audio. When an audio device is connected to the sound input port, you can hear or record the incoming sound on the server. When an audio device is connected to the sound output port, you can record the sound produced by the server or play that sound through external speakers. This appendix explains how to connect stereo equipment to your Workgroup Server 6150.
About your server’s sound ports Your server can play and record stereo sound from a variety of sources. To provide or reproduce stereo sound, you can connect audio devices to the sound input and output ports on the server. You can also use the server’s internal CDROM drive to play audio compact discs (CDs). The sound input port is identified with an icon of a microphone. The sound output port is identified with an icon of a speaker.
Connecting an audio device To play or record sound with your server, you can attach a microphone, amplifier, tape recorder, or a pair of speakers. Follow these steps to connect an audio device to the server. 1 Make sure that the audio device has a cable with a stereo miniplug connector. If not, attach an adapter that has a stereo miniplug. 2 Place the audio device near the server. 3 Shut down the server and turn off the audio device.
The Built-in icon (the preset choice) stands for the computer. Click the Options button to see other choices. 3 To change the selected sound input device, click the Options button. The Input Source options appear. If you click PlayThrough, sound from the selected input device plays through the computer’s speaker or through the device connected to the sound output port. Click a sound source. The Microphone icon stands for the device connected to the sound input port.
Choosing audio output options You use the Sound control panel to designate the audio output device and options you want. Follow these steps to direct the server’s sound to an output device: 1 If you want to use an external device for sound output, connect it to the sound output port, following the instructions given earlier in “Connecting an Audio Device.” 2 Open the Sound control panel and choose Sound Out in the pop-up menu.
m Do not change the sample rate for sound coming from a device connected to the sound input port. The other options cannot be changed. If you use a program that provides sound recording in mono format, you can use its mono setting. 4 Close the Sound control panel. Recording an alert sound Although your server can produce stereo sound, the server records alert sounds in the same way as other Macintosh models: in 8-bit mono sound, at a sample rate of 22.254 kHz.
2 Turn off the server. 3 Plug a stereo miniplug into the sound output port on the server. 4 Plug a stereo miniplug into the Audio In socket on one of the speakers. If the speakers take a dual-plug cable, connect both plugs. 5 Connect the speakers together with speaker wires, if necessary. 6 Turn on the server. Now you hear the computer’s sound through the external speakers. Note: To control the volume of your external speakers, open the Sound control panel and choose Volumes in the pop-up menu.
Index A access port cover, removing 28 accessory kit xiv activating applications 90 adapters Apple Ethernet AUI 16, 19–20 for expansion card (PDS or NuBus) 26, 29–31 GeoPort Telecom 42 LocalTalk 20–21 media 15, 16 connecting 16 monitor cable 7 ADB port 3, 5, 8, 41 air circulation 77 alert sound recording 108 aliases creating and placing in Startup Items folder 46 renaming for program startup order 47 amplifier, connecting 105 Apple AudioVision monitor 5–6, 8, 10, 42, 106 Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter 16, 19–2
C cables connecting and disconnecting 77 Ethernet 16, 17, 18, 19 external speaker 108 fiber-optic 19 keyboard 8 LocalTalk 20–21 monitor 7 mouse 8 SCSI 37 thin coaxial (Ethernet) 17 twisted-pair (Ethernet) 18 capital letters 101, 102 Caps Lock key 101 carpal tunnel syndrome 83 case, cleaning 80 CD Remote program 109 CD-ROM disc, Workgroup Server Software 39, 52, 54–56, 60, 61, 62, 64, 69 CD-ROM drive xv, 2, 25, 104, 109 starting the server from 61 CD-ROM software, reinstalling 69 CDs, playing 104, 109 chair,
Control Panels item (in Apple menu) 22 copying disk images 64 system software from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc to floppy disks 64–65 cover of server removing 27 replacing 33 cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) 83 custom utilities, removing 66 customer support hotline xvi D date, setting system 12 Date & Time control panel 12 Delete key 101 deleting selected material 101 desk accessories 57 desktop (Macintosh), rebuilding 54, 59 device drivers, installing 38–39 disconnecting power to the server
F factory-installed card, removing 26 fatigue from computer use, avoiding 86 fax software 42 FDDI network 15 fiber-optic media 16 File menu, Make Alias item in 46 Finder activating 90, 97 Macintosh Guide and 90, 97 shortcuts in 99 floppy disk drive 2 ejecting disk from 52, 79 floppy disks copying system software onto 64–65 ejecting 52, 79 erasing 73 handling 79 icon with “X” appears 52 inserting and ejecting 52 problems with 54 repairing 72–73 starting the server from 61 troubleshooting 79 unreadable 54 fol
disk with “X” 52 GeoPort 42 Guide menu 87 hard disk drive 11 modem port 42 network connection 23 printer port 40 “sad Macintosh” 53 SCSI 34 troubleshooting 54 Index button (in Macintosh Guide window) 91, 93 initializing hard disk 39, 72 Input Source options 106 inserting floppy disks 52 insertion point moving with Return key 102 moving with Tab key 102 Installer program 62–69 installing applications 48 device drivers 38 expansion card 5, 26–33 internal devices 34 memory (RAM) 34 programs 47 SCSI devices 37–
Macintosh Guide window (continued) shrinking and expanding 97 tips for using 97 Topics button 91, 92 Macintosh Tutorial 87, 88, 89 Make Alias item (in File menu) 46 mathematical symbols 102 media adapter 2, 15–20 memory expanding 34 not enough 43, 44, 57 virtual 43 Memory control panel 44–45, 57 Memory Manager setting in 44 microphone 106 Apple PlainTalk 41, 105 built into AudioVision monitors 5 connecting 41, 105 Input Source options for 106 microprocessor, PowerPC xi modem port 3 connecting a printer to 4
O office furniture, optimal arrangement of 84 on-screen documentation xiv on-screen help xiv–xv, 87–100 Option key 102 other special keys 102 P patch cords, twisted-pair 18 PC Exchange program control panel 58, 59 troubleshooting 58, 59 performance sample rate for sound output and 107 server 65–68 PlainTalk Microphone 105 Play-Through sound option 106, 109 plugging in the server 9–10 pointer, problems with 55 ports ADB 3, 5, 8, 41, 56 Ethernet 3, 16, 17 GeoPort 3, 42 high-density monitor 3 modem 3, 40 moni
programs (continued) Installer 62–69 installing 47 order of installing and starting 46 PC Exchange 58, 59 Power Macintosh xi, 43, 57 problems opening 44, 57 restarting server programs 46 screen-saver 51, 78 server application xv, 45–46, 66 shared libraries and 44 supplied with the Workgroup Server 45 using older Macintosh programs 44, 57 Q QuickDraw GX 47 QuickTime software, reinstalling 69 R random-access memory (RAM) 34 not enough 43 Rate pop-up menu for sound output 107 Read Me file xiv, 46 rebuilding
security lock port 3, 4 security lock, attaching 4 self-terminating transceiver 17 server application programs information about those included with Workgroup Server xv installing and starting 45–47 reinstalling 66 setting SCSI ID numbers 35–36, 37 setting system date and time 12 setting up SCSI devices 34–39 setting up the server 1–13 shared libraries 44, 57 Shift key 102 shortcuts keyboard 99 mouse 99 Shortcuts item (in Guide menu) 99 Show Balloons item (in Guide menu) 98 shrinking Macintosh Guide window
terminators Ethernet thin coaxial 17 SCSI 38 testing the hard disk 71–72 thin coaxial (Ethernet) cable 17 thin coaxial (Ethernet) network 16, 17 thin coaxial (Ethernet) transceiver 17 time, setting system date and 12 Token Ring network 15 Topics button in Macintosh Guide window 91, 92 in Macintosh Shortcuts window 100 trackball, connecting 41 transceivers 15 Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter 16 Apple Ethernet Thin Coax 16 Apple Ethernet Twisted-Pair 16 Ethernet 16–20 self-terminating 17 thin coaxial (Ethernet) 17
W, X, Y, Z Workgroup Server Electronic Library xiv–xv Workgroup Server Read Me file xiv, 46 Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc 61, 62 creating startup floppy disks with 64 reinstalling CD-ROM software from 69 reinstalling system software from 62–63 starting the server from 53, 55-56, 60 wrist problems related to computer use 82, 83, 85 Index 121
The Apple Publishing System Administrator’s Guide for the Workgroup Server 6150/66 was written, edited, and composed on a desktop publishing system using Apple Macintosh computers, an AppleTalk network system, and QuarkXPress. Line art was created with Adobe™ Illustrator. Proof pages were printed on Apple LaserWriter printers. Final pages were proofed on Creo Plate Master and output by Creo 3244 Platesetter on Hoeschst N90 plates.
