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LL0329.book Page 2 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM K Apple Computer, Inc. © 2002 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. The owner or authorized user of a valid copy of QuickTime Streaming Server and Darwin Streaming Server software may reproduce this publication for the purpose of learning to use such software. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes, such as selling copies of this publication or for providing paidfor support services.
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LL0329.book Page 7 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM P R E F A C E QuickTime Streaming The focus of this guide is QuickTime Streaming Server (QTSS) and Darwin Streaming Server (DSS). But before getting into the details of QTSS and DSS, it may be helpful to learn what streaming is all about and to get an overview of the total streaming solution provided by the QuickTime suite of products.
LL0329.book Page 8 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM For small audiences, the same computer can run web server software, mail server software, and streaming server software. For larger audiences, one or more computers typically are dedicated to acting purely as streaming servers. Live Versus On-Demand Delivery Delivery options for real-time streaming media are divided into two categories: live and on demand. You can serve both from QuickTime Streaming Server and from Darwin Streaming Server.
LL0329.book Page 9 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM A PowerBook G4 with QuickTime Broadcaster software captures and encodes video and audio. The encoded signal is sent over an Internet Protocol (IP) network to a server computer running QTSS or DSS software. QTSS or DSS on the server computer sends the signal over the Internet or a local network to client computers that tune in using QuickTime Player. You can also run QuickTime Broadcaster and QTSS or DSS on the same computer.
LL0329.book Page 10 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Multicast Versus Unicast QTSS and DSS support both multicast and unicast network transport to deliver streaming media. In a multicast, a single stream is shared among the clients (see illustration). Each client “tunes in” to the stream much as a radio tunes in to an FM broadcast.
LL0329.book Page 11 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Relaying Streamed Media QuickTime Streaming Server or Darwin Streaming Server can be configured as a relay. A relay listens to an incoming stream and then forwards that stream to one or more destinations. A relay can reduce Internet bandwidth consumption. Relays can be useful in special broadcast situations, especially if numerous viewers in different locations want to tune in. Large organizations can often make good use of relays.
LL0329.book Page 12 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM The QuickTime Suite The QuickTime suite is made up of the following components: QuickTime Player: The free QuickTime Player is an easy-to-use application for playing, interacting with, or viewing any video, audio, virtual reality ( VR), or graphics file that is compatible with QuickTime. QuickTime Pro: This powerful application, the “Pro” version of QuickTime Player, provides an abundance of media authoring capabilities.
LL0329.book Page 13 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM m Improved stream quality: Enhancements to Apple skip-protection technology (patent pending)—a collection of quality-of-service features-—result in even better stream quality. m Performance enhancements: Overall stability and performance of the server has been improved. m Authentication: Two types of authentication, digest and basic, let you control access to protected media.
LL0329.book Page 14 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM m The QuickTime Streaming course takes an in-depth look at QuickTime Streaming Server and Darwin Streaming Server by teaching system administrators and QuickTime authors the details behind real-time streaming. For more information, see the Resources section of the QuickTime Streaming Server product page (http://www.apple.com/quicktime/products/qtss/). m The best-selling QuickTime for the Web is an excellent hands-on guide.
LL0329.book Page 15 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM C H A P T E R 1 1 Getting Started Welcome to QuickTime Streaming Server (QTSS) and Darwin Streaming Server (DSS). Mac OS X Server includes QTSS in its suite of services. QTSS comes preinstalled on Apple server hardware and is optimized for the Power Mac G4. It is also installed if you purchase and install the Mac OS X Server software package.
LL0329.book Page 16 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM If you’re upgrading DSS on a non-Mac OS X platform: The new installation overwrites the configuration files. If you want to preserve your old settings, back up your “/etc/streaming/” directory (for Windows, “c:\Program Files\Darwin Streaming Server\” directory) and merge back any customized settings.
LL0329.book Page 17 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Server Requirements QuickTime Streaming Server You can use the QTSS software on an Xserve, a Macintosh Server G4, a Power Mac G4, a Macintosh Server G3, a Power Macintosh G3, an iMac, or an eMac. Mac OS X Server version 10.2 or later must be installed. QTSS will also run under Mac OS X Desktop version 10.2 and Desktop/Server version 10.1.x, although this configuration is not eligible for AppleCare support.
LL0329.book Page 18 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM m 128 MB of RAM (256 MB recommended for professional broadcasting). m QuickTime 6 or later. Setting Up Your Streaming Server Follow these steps to set up your streaming server: 1 From Mac OS X Server, click the Streaming Server Admin icon in the Dock. From a server with QuickTime Streaming Server or Darwin Streaming Server installed, open your web browser. From a remote computer, open Microsoft Internet Explorer version 4.
LL0329.book Page 19 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM 8 Click Finish. The Streaming Server Admin main screen appears. “Server is Running” should appear at the top of the screen. 9 If instead “Server is Idle” appears, click the Start Server button to start the server. The streaming server is now active and ready to stream media. 10 Click General Settings. If you want the server to start up each time you power on the server, choose Start Server at System Startup and click Save Changes.
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LL0329.book Page 21 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM C H A P T E R 2 2 Managing Your Streaming Server This chapter provides information you need to complete your setup and manage your streaming server. Topics covered include m using the administration tool Streaming Server Admin m working with media m dealing with security issues m solving common problems The last section answers questions raised by more advanced users.
LL0329.book Page 22 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM 2 Enter the URL for your Streaming Server Admin computer. For example: http://hostname:1220 where hostname is the hostname or IP address of your streaming server computer and 1220 is the port number. The first time you run Streaming Server Admin, the Setup Assistant prompts you for a user name and password. To display online help, click the question mark button in the UI.
LL0329.book Page 23 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM To select the sort order, click the arrow next to the selected column label. Changing Server Settings You can click the labels along the left side of the Streaming Server Admin screen to display various settings panes. To change the settings for streaming service: 1 Click General Settings, Port Settings, Relay Settings, Log Settings, or Playlists. 2 Make the changes you want and click Save Changes.
LL0329.book Page 24 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM 4 Choose and enable the audio and/or video presets you want and specify an SDP file name and the buffer delay in seconds (zero for instant-on streaming). If you want to record the broadcast for future rebroadcast, specify the path to the Movies directory in the “Record to” field and select the Enabled checkbox.
LL0329.book Page 25 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM For Windows, install the certificate in c:\Program Files\Darwin Streaming Server\streamingadminserver.pem. For other supported platforms, install the certificate in /etc/streaming/ streamingadminserver.pem. “Max. Number of Connections” lets you set the maximum number of connections. When this number is reached, users who try to connect see a message that the server is busy (error 453). “Max.
LL0329.book Page 26 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM “Error Log” shows error and informational messages. Use this log to troubleshoot problems with the server. “Access Log” shows the number of times each media file has been accessed, when it was accessed, and who has accessed it since the log was reset. Access errors are also reported in the log. Currently, MP3 client connections are not displayed. A raw MP3 access log can be viewed by looking in /Library/QuickTimeStreaming/Logs/mp3_access.
LL0329.book Page 27 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Other supported platforms: /var/streaming/Playlists/playlistname/ Media This section provides information you need to broadcast live or prerecorded media as streaming video and/or audio. You can also learn about instant-on streaming, creating playlists, setting up a web page with streamed media, and bandwidth considerations.
LL0329.book Page 28 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Be sure to copy the files into the directory you specified for streaming. QuickTime Streaming Server (QTSS) or Darwin Streaming Server (DSS) cannot be used to natively serve MP3 files on demand (that is, as an HTTP download). Important Rather QTSS and DSS support of MP3 streams is intended for shoutcast/icecast-compatible live streams (such as those created by a streaming playlist) or live streams of other compatible MP3 live encoder broadcasters.
LL0329.book Page 29 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM To apply hinting and export a file as a movie: 1 Import the file into QuickTime Player by choosing Import from the File menu. 2 Export the file by choosing Export from the File menu. 3 In the “Save exported file as” dialog, choose “Movie to QuickTime Movie” from the Export pop-up menu, if it’s not already selected, then click the Options button.
LL0329.book Page 30 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Each track in a media file must have its own hint track. For example, a movie with one audio and one video track must have two hint tracks: one for the audio track and one for the video track. When you use QuickTime Player to export a movie as a hinted movie, QuickTime adds all the necessary hint tracks automatically.
LL0329.book Page 31 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM In most cases you should not modify the SDP file manually. However, if you change anything about the media you’re streaming, you must delete the SDP file, let the broadcast software create a new SDP file, and then copy this new SDP file to the media directory on your streaming server. For more information on SDP files, search the web for RFC SDP or RFC RTSP.
LL0329.book Page 32 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM 3 Enter the URL for the media file (for example: rtsp://myserver.com/mymedia). 4 Replace myserver.com with the DNS name of your streaming server computer, and mymedia with the name of your hinted movie or media file. This URL assumes that the movie or media file is located at the top level of your media directory. For movies in subfolders within the media directory, add the folder to the path name. For example: rtsp://myserver.
LL0329.book Page 33 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM A reference movie can simply be a text file with a “.mov” filename extension (such as “ref.mov”). The format for the contents of the file is as follows: rtsptext rtsp://my.streamingserver.com/sample.mov Creating Links to MP3 Playlists If you want to put an MP3 playlist on the web, you need to create an audio metafile that directs the web browser to your playlist and opens the user’s MP3 player.
LL0329.book Page 34 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Playlists Playlists are sets of media files in the QTSS or DSS media folder specified to play one after the other or in random sequence. This section provides basic information on creating and working with playlists. Using Playlists to Broadcast Prerecorded Media You can create a virtual “radio station” or video broadcast by setting prerecorded QuickTime media, MPEG-4, or MP3 files to play in a specified order (a playlist).
LL0329.book Page 35 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM “Weighted Random” broadcasts the media in random order using the specified weights to determine how often an item plays. The higher the weight, the more often the item is played. The media plays until you stop the broadcast. “Repetition” lets you set the number of items that must play before an item can repeat. If you set a value other than zero for repeated items, make sure the number is less than the number of media files in the playlist.
LL0329.book Page 36 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM 12 Click “Log this playlist’s activity” if you want a log of the playlist’s activity. 13 Click “Send this playlist to a broadcast server” if you want to relay the broadcast to another streaming server. Enter the name and password, if required. A password is required only for MP3 playlists. 14 Click Save Changes to save the new playlist. Changing a Playlist You can change a saved playlist of movies or MP3 audio tracks.
LL0329.book Page 37 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM 3 If the playlist is running, click the Stop button. 4 Click Delete Playlist. Relays This section provides detailed information on setting up relays and working with relay settings, using Streaming Server Admin. Working With Relay Settings Relays are used to accept a stream from one streaming server and send the stream on, or “relay” it, to another streaming server. You set up relays using the Relay Settings pane in Streaming Server Admin.
LL0329.book Page 38 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM “Relay via TCP” sets broadcasts to announce the stream to the destination computer via TCP. The destination computer must support the automatic announcing of broadcasts. For Relay via TCP, the mount point is the path to the destination URL. Like any mount point, it points to a Session Description Protocol (SDP) file and must end in “.sdp” (for example, Keynote_Relay.sdp).
LL0329.book Page 39 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Turning a Relay On or Off You can turn a relay on or off in the Relay Settings pane of Streaming Server Admin. To turn on a relay, click the name of the relay. Then click Edit Relay and click the Enabled checkbox to display the checkmark. To turn off a relay, click the name of the relay. Then click Edit Relay and click the Enabled checkbox to remove the checkmark.
LL0329.book Page 40 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Controlling Access to Streamed Media You can set up authentication to control client access to streamed media files. Two schemes of authentication are supported: basic and digest. By default, the server uses the more secure digest authentication. You can also control playlist access and administrator access to your streaming server. Authentication does not control access to media streamed from a relay server.
LL0329.book Page 41 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Terms not in angle brackets are keywords. Anything in angle brackets is information you supply. Save the access file as plain text (not .rtf or any other file format). message is text your users see when the login window appears. It’s optional. If your message contains any white space (such as a space character between terms), make sure you enclose the entire message in quotation marks. user filename is the path and filename of the user file.
LL0329.book Page 42 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM What Clients Need to Access Protected Media Users must have QuickTime 5 or later to access a media file for which digest authentication is enabled. If your streaming server is set up to use basic authentication, users need QuickTime 4.1 or later. Users must enter their user names and passwords to view the media file. Users who try to access a media file with an earlier version of QuickTime will see the error message “401: Unauthorized.
LL0329.book Page 43 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Alternatively, use sudo to execute the command as root. See “Executing a Command With sudo” on page 44. 2 Enter a new password for the user. The password you enter replaces the password in the file. Installing SSL SSL stands for Secure Sockets Layer. It’s a protocol that provides encrypted communications on the Internet.
LL0329.book Page 44 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM require any-user require any-user 3 If you want to limit broadcaster access to the server, enter the following lines in the file: require user someUserName require any-user where someUserName is a broadcaster user name of your choosing. 4 Save the file as plain text (not .rtf or any other file format). 5 For QTSS or DSS 4.
LL0329.book Page 45 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM To execute a command as root: m Open a terminal window and type sudo followed by a space and then the command you want to execute. You will be prompted for an administrator password before the command executes. For example, to execute the kill command using sudo, you would enter the following in a terminal: [host:~] user# sudo kill 529 530 where 529 and 530 are process IDs. For more information about sudo, enter man sudo in a terminal.
LL0329.book Page 46 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Streaming Server Admin Is Not Responding m Verify that the streamingadminserver.pl script is running. If not, log in as root (or administrator in Windows), open a terminal window, and start the Streaming Server Admin process by typing /usr/sbin/streamingadminserver.pl m Alternatively, use sudo to execute the command as root. See “Executing a Command With sudo” on page 44. The Server Doesn’t Start Up or Quits Unexpectedly m Check the error log.
LL0329.book Page 47 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM m Check the playlist. If you created a looping playlist containing hinted MPEG-1 QuickTime files, QuickTime clients will likely have problems viewing the stream. Streaming Performance Seems Slow m If you are streaming QuickTime movies, make the movies self-contained using QuickTime Player Pro or other authoring application, and make sure hinting is optimized for streaming services.
LL0329.book Page 48 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Error code 415: The movie file is not hinted or has a compressed movie resource. You need to hint the movie again using the Pro version of QuickTime Player. Alternatively, you may be attempting to natively serve MP3 files on demand (that is, as an HTTP download).
LL0329.book Page 49 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM m If the media plays once and then stops, make sure the play mode is set to either Sequential Looped or Weighted Random. If you broadcast the playlist as weighted random and set a value other than zero for repeated items, make sure the value is less than the number of media files in the playlist. You must stop and start the broadcast for the changes to take effect.
LL0329.book Page 50 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM 3 Insert the following lines in the streamingadminserver.conf file: ssl=0 bind= 4 Save the file as a plain text file (not .rtf or other format). 5 For the change to take effect, kill the Streaming Server Admin process and then restart the server. How do I bind QTSS or DSS to a single IP address if my machine is multihomed? The bind_ip_addr property in the streamingserver.
LL0329.book Page 51 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM How do I kill and restart the QuickTime Streaming Server processes in Mac OS X Server? To kill the QuickTime Streaming Server (QTSS) processes: 1 Find the process ID (PID) for each process, then enter a command in Terminal to “kill” the processes and restart QTSS. You must be logged in as root to perform this task.
LL0329.book Page 52 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM 3 Finally, restart Streaming Server Admin by entering the following: streamingadminserver.pl How do I get QTSS to re-read its preferences without killing or restarting the server? One way to do this is to use Streaming Server Admin. Using your web browser, go to http:// qtss.domain.com:1220, for example, and stop and start the streaming server via the web interface. If you use this method, currently connected users will be disconnected.
LL0329.book Page 53 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM To configure QTSS to host streams from multiple media directories: 1 For each individual user, make a local movie library in each user’s home directory. For example: /Users/user1/Movies/ /Users/user2/Movies/ /Users/user3/Movies/ 2 Set each directory to be owned by its user, and give each user read/write access to his or her own files. 3 In your QTSS media directory, create symbolic links that point to each user’s private movie directory.
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LL0329.book Page 55 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM C H A P T E R 3 3 Setup Example This chapter describes the key components needed for a generic webcasting setup and how they are connected together. The setup instructions that follow assume an educational setting, such as a university campus.
LL0329.book Page 56 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Such a setup would make it possible for students unable to attend a class in person to view it online. It would also enable students who want to review parts of the lecture later to play an archived version on their computers.
LL0329.book Page 57 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM m Client computers of various types with QuickTime Player or other MPEG-4 compliant software installed can access the Xserve streaming server via the campus network. Other client computers can access the streaming server via the Internet. m The broadcaster laptop running iMovie is used to produce high-quality on-demand versions of a live presentation after the presentation is concluded.
LL0329.book Page 58 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM m Windows can cause lighting problems. For more control, you should be able to draw the blinds and supplement room lights with a portable lighting kit that can be quickly set up for a live session. Step 2: Prepare the Network Check that there is an Ethernet connection to the classroom or lecture hall where the live broadcast is to take place. Install, repair, or replace cables and connectors as needed, using high-quality materials.
LL0329.book Page 59 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Step 3: Set Up Your Streaming Server An administrator computer must be set up before you can configure and manage your streaming server if, as in this example, the streaming server is running headless. For information on setting up an administrator computer, see “Setting Up an Administrator Computer” in Getting Started With Mac OS X Server (included on the Mac OS X Server CD).
LL0329.book Page 60 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Example for a one-hour 300-Kbps stream: 300,000 / 8 bits * 3600 = 135,000,000 bytes = 135 MB file size Many local networks these days include redundant arrays of independent disks (RAID) storage systems, which provide much larger amounts of hard disk space.
LL0329.book Page 61 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Specific ports need to be opened in the firewall to allow Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) requests from users, encoded video and audio from the broadcaster, and outbound streams to clients on the local network and the Internet. The table below lists the ports used by QuickTime Streaming Server and Darwin Streaming Server and for incoming and outgoing requests.
LL0329.book Page 62 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Will it be necessary to set up a broadcaster user account on the streaming server? In this example setup, it will be necessary to create a broadcaster user account, because the encoding software and QTSS are on separate computers. This allows a Session Description Protocol (SDP) file to be created on the server by the encoding software, which QuickTime Broadcaster does automatically if the Automatic Unicast (Announce) transport mode is selected.
LL0329.book Page 63 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Lower-end DV cameras use a single charge-coupled device (CCD) to capture the complete image, whereas higher-quality cameras use three separate CCDs to scan the red, blue, and green content of the image, giving a better quality scan. CCDs range in size from 1/4 inch to 2/3 inch; bigger CCDs give better resolution. Here are other desirable features: m You should be able to override automatic camera settings.
LL0329.book Page 64 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Get a Simple Lighting Kit Even a high-quality video camera will produce poor results without proper lighting. It’s unlikely that the normal lighting available will be adequate for shooting a live presentation in a classroom, for example. At a minimum, you’ll probably want to add back lighting to make your subject stand out from a dull background. Lighting is a big subject in and of itself and beyond the scope of this guide.
LL0329.book Page 65 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM 3 Click Broadcast and, if necessary, start QTSS using Streaming Server Admin from the laptop’s browser by typing in the browser window http://streamingserverip:1220 where streamingserverip is the IP address of the streaming server. Then enter the user name and password and click Start Server.
LL0329.book Page 66 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM From within an embedded “reference movie,” you can direct client players to on-demand presentations encoded for different connection speeds to give users the best possible viewing experience. For instructions on creating a web page with links to streamed media, see “Setting Up a Web Page With Streamed Media” on page 32.
LL0329.book Page 67 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM 7 Click Import when you see the point in the presentation where you want to start importing. 8 Click Import again when you want to stop importing. If you get some footage that you don’t want to include in your archived presentation, you can edit it later using iMovie. You’ll need to monitor hard disk space as you import video and create your iMovie.
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LL0329.book Page 69 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Glossary This glossary defines terms and spells out abbreviations you may encounter while working with online help or the QTSS and DSS Administrator’s Guide. References to terms defined elsewhere in the glossary appear in italics. A A text file called qtaccess that contains information about users and groups who are authorized to view media in the directory in which the access file is stored.
LL0329.book Page 70 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM A user who has permission to broadcast to the streaming server. The broadcast user name and password are set in the General Settings pane of Streaming Server Admin and are used in conjunction with announced broadcasts. It is not necessary to create a broadcast user for UDP broadcasts. broadcast user browser plug-in Software that you attach to a browser to enable it to display specific data formats. byte Eight bits.
LL0329.book Page 71 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM H hinting Hinting creates a track for each streamable media track in the file that tells QuickTime Streaming Server how and when to deliver each frame of media. The hinting process performs in advance the required calculations, allowing QTSS to serve up a larger number of streams. Hinting also allows new codecs to be used without the need to upgrade the server. The code inserted in a file to be displayed on a web browser page.
LL0329.book Page 72 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM A mechanism for prioritizing the tracks in a movie or the overlapping of sprites. When it plays a movie, QuickTime displays the movie’s images according to their layer—images with lower layer numbers are displayed on top; images with higher layer numbers may be obscured by images with lower layer numbers. layer M M3U file An audio metafile that is created using a text editor and saved to a web server.
LL0329.book Page 73 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM N, O NAT (Network Address Translation) A technique sometimes used so that multiple computers can share a single IP address. A term for the cooperative development of software by the Internet community. The basic principle is to involve as many people as possible in writing and debugging code by publishing the source code and encouraging the formation of a large community of developers who will submit modifications and enhancements.
LL0329.book Page 74 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM An application, included with the QuickTime system software, that plays QuickTime movies. QuickTime Player A version of QuickTime Player with advanced features, primarily the addition of editing capabilities. QuickTime Pro R A hard disk array that either increases the speed of disk input-output or mirrors the data for redundancy, or provides both of these features.
LL0329.book Page 75 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM static IP address An IP address that is assigned to a computer or device once and is never changed. streaming Delivery of video or audio data over a network in real-time, as a stream of packets instead of a single file download. T A method used along with the Internet Protocol (IP) to send data in the form of message units between computers over the Internet.
LL0329.book Page 76 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM A three-pin audio connector that can be used with three-wire balanced cables, which cause electro-magnetic interference to be canceled out. XLR plug XML 76 Glossary An extensible markup language, similar to HTML but more formal and more flexible.
LL0329.book Page 77 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM Index A access control 40–43 access errors 26 access files 40–41 access history log 26 “Access Log” setting 26 address translation 45 administering streaming servers.
LL0329.book Page 78 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM stopping 24 unable to connect to 47 viewing 24 browsers. See web browsers maximum number of 25, 46, 47, 48 wireless 57 CVS (Concurrent Version System) archive 13 D C cable modems 33 cameras DV.
LL0329.book Page 79 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM QuickTime Broadcaster and 64 streaming presentations 56 E eMac 17 EMBED tag 32 Error.
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LL0329.book Page 81 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM symbolic links within 52–53 “Media Directory” setting 24 media files accessing 26 authorized users of 41 hint tracks 30 location of 24 media types in 27 mixing 28 not streaming properly 46–47 URL for 32 user access to 41, 42 memory 17, 59 microphone 62, 63 Microsoft Internet Explorer 21 mount point 34, 37, 38 “Mount Point” setting 34, 37 movie files 48 movie playlists 27, 34 See also playlists movies exporting files as 29 hinting 29 QuickTime.
LL0329.book Page 82 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM MPEG-4 16 QuickTime. See QuickTime Player PlaylistBroadcaster process 48 playlistname.err file 26–27 playlists 34–37 access to 40 broadcasting prerecorded media with 34 creating 35–36 deleting 36 described 34 editing 36 links to 33 looping 47 movie 27 MP3.
LL0329.book Page 83 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM QuickTime streaming 7–14 See also streaming QuickTime Streaming course 14 QuickTime Streaming Server (QTSS) See also streaming servers administering.
LL0329.book Page 84 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM firewalls 43, 45 Net::SSLeay 43 networks with address translation 45 OpenSSL library 43 passwords. See passwords proxies 43 resetting Admin user name/password 39 Secure Sockets Layer 43 streaming on port 80 45 user accounts 42–43 “Sequential Looped” mode 34, 49 “Sequential” mode 34 server administrators 18, 25, 40 servers Apache 15 busy 25, 48 connection dropped 48 maximum throughput of 25 not running 48 remote 16 streaming.
LL0329.book Page 85 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM viewing server activity 22 working with 21–22 streaming servers See also Darwin Streaming Server; QuickTime Streaming Server; servers administering.
LL0329.book Page 86 Wednesday, November 20, 2002 2:09 PM capture 17 streaming 8–9 video cameras 11 video files 59 W “Wait for announced stream(s)” setting 37 .
