Power Macintosh User’s Guide Includes setup, troubleshooting, and important health-related information for Power Macintosh 7100 series computers
K Apple Computer, Inc. © 1994 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
Contents Communications regulation information Preface Welcome to Power Macintosh 1 Getting Started ix 1 Plugging in the computer 1 Installing an expansion card Connecting a monitor 3 4 Connecting the mouse and keyboard Connecting other equipment Turning the computer on 8 9 10 Problems turning your computer on? What’s next? vi 13 14 Learning the basics Reviewing the basics 15 16 Turning the computer off Where to find answers 17 18 iii
2 Getting Help 19 Getting answers to your questions 20 Identifying objects on the screen Learning useful shortcuts 28 29 3 Connecting Additional Equipment Your computer at a glance 31 Connecting audio equipment 34 Connecting video equipment 39 Expanding memory 31 49 Installing internal drives 50 4 Installing and Using Application Programs Installing application programs 51 Working with several programs at a time Backing up your files 53 54 Using Power Macintosh application programs Us
Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 99 Health-related information about computer use Safety instructions 104 Handling your computer equipment Cleaning your equipment 105 109 Appendix B Installing an Expansion Card 111 Installing a card with a DAV connector in your AV-equipped Power Macintosh computer NuBus power requirements Installing a NuBus card 112 113 113 Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard Index 99 121 123 Contents v
Communications regulation information FCC statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected. Radio and television interference The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy.
DOC statement DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.
Welcome to Power Macintosh Congratulations on the purchase of your new Macintosh. Your computer is designed to give you the highest performance combined with real ease of use—it’s easy to set up, easy to use, and easy to expand. This book will guide you through the setup procedure, tell you how to expand your Macintosh, and provide many tips on using your new system. Your Macintosh computer is powered by the new † microprocessor (or “chip”). This microprocessor was designed by Apple Computer, Inc.
Macintosh computer Monitor Keyboard cable (sometimes built into the keyboard as shown here) Keyboard Adapters for composite video (AV-equipped Power Macintosh only) Monitor cable (sometimes built into the monitor) Mouse Computer power cord Monitor power cord (sometimes built into the monitor)
Follow the instructions in this chapter to set up your computer and learn the basics. 1 Getting Started The illustration on the facing page shows all the equipment you will need to set up your computer and begin using it. Place your equipment on a sturdy, flat surface near a grounded wall outlet.
Place your computer in the horizontal position. Make sure that air can flow through the front, top, and back of the computer, as shown in the illustration. When you are ready to begin, follow these steps: 1 Plug the socket end of the computer’s power cord into the recessed power socket (marked with the symbol ≤) on the back of the computer. 2 Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip. WARNING This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded.
Power cord socket Power cord plug IMPORTANT Be sure that at least one end of the power cord is within easy reach so that you can unplug the computer when you need to. 3 If necessary, switch the computer off. If you heard a tone when you plugged in the computer, the computer has started up and you need to turn it off before proceeding. Press the power switch to turn the computer off. (The power switch is located on the back of the computer and is marked with the symbol I.
Connecting a monitor You can connect many types of monitors to your Macintosh computer, including the following: m Apple AudioVision monitors. AudioVision monitors have built-in speakers, microphone, video, and a port for connecting input devices such as a keyboard. m Most standard monitors. See the Technical Information booklet that came with your computer for a complete list. This section contains instructions on connecting both types of monitors.
3 Plug in the monitor power cord. Some monitor power cords are designed to plug into the back of your computer. If you have an Apple AudioVision monitor, be sure to plug the monitor power cord into the back of the computer, not into an outlet. Some monitor power cords must be connected to a grounded electrical outlet, not to the computer. Check the information that came with the monitor.
Connecting the monitor cable After you plug in the monitor power cord, you connect the monitor cable to the computer’s monitor port. Your computer has two monitor ports: a highdensity monitor port and a second monitor port. The high-density port accepts a monitor with a screen 16 inches or smaller (measured diagonally). High-density monitor port Second monitor port You can connect one or two monitors of either type, or one of each type.
2 Attach the monitor cable to one of the monitor ports on the back panel of the computer. If you have a standard monitor, attach the monitor cable to the second monitor port. If you have an AudioVision monitor, you can attach the monitor cable to the computer’s high-density monitor port. However, if you plan to use your AudioVision monitor for video digitizing, you will get better results if you use the adapter cables from the AudioVision adapter kit to attach the monitor to the second monitor port.
Connecting the mouse and keyboard You have a choice of several keyboards for your Macintosh. The way you connect the mouse and keyboard depends on whether the keyboard has a separate cable or a built-in cable. Connecting a keyboard with a separate cable 1 Plug the mouse cable into the port on either side of the keyboard. Most right-handed people prefer to use the mouse with their right hand; most left-handed people prefer to use their left hand. Plug the mouse into the port on the side you prefer.
Connecting a keyboard with a built-in cable 1 Plug the mouse cable into the recessed port on the back of the keyboard. The plug and the port are marked with the ◊ icon (symbol). The positions of the port and icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured. By the way: A port marked with the ◊ icon is called an Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port. Plug the mouse into the recessed port on the keyboard. The flat part of the plug should be pointing down, as shown here.
Turning the computer on To turn the computer on for the first time, follow these steps: 1 Turn on your monitor. See the information that came with your monitor for the location of the power switch. On Apple monitors, the power switch is marked with the symbol I. By the way: You only need to turn on the monitor once. From now on, the monitor will turn off automatically when you shut down the computer, and it will turn on automatically when you start up the computer.
2 Turn on your computer by pressing the Power key on the keyboard. The Power key is marked with a triangle. Its location depends on which keyboard you have. You hear a tone from the computer as it starts up.
3 Check to see what’s on your screen. m If you see the Macintosh desktop, shown here, your system software is already set up correctly. Skip now to “What’s Next?” Hard disk icon Macintosh desktop m If you see a blinking question mark, you need to install system software on the computer’s hard disk. (System software is a set of programs the computer uses to start itself up.) See “Installing or Reinstalling System Software” in Chapter 5 of this book for information on installing system software.
Problems turning your computer on? If you don’t see anything on the screen, check these items to see if you can identify the problem: m Is the computer plugged into a power source? If it is plugged into a power strip, is the power strip turned on? m Is the computer turned on? The power-on light on the front panel should be on. If it isn’t on, press the power switch (marked with the symbol I).
What’s next? You’ve finished setting up your computer. Continue with one of the following steps: m If you are new to the Macintosh, turn to the next section, “Learning the Basics.” m If you are an experienced Macintosh user, turn to Chapter 2, “Getting Help,” to learn about Macintosh Guide, your main source of information when you’re working with the Macintosh. m If you want to connect additional equipment, such as a microphone, to your computer, see Chapter 3 of this book for instructions.
Learning the basics If you are new to the Macintosh, you should begin by looking at the easy-touse program called the Macintosh Tutorial. The tutorial teaches you the basic skills you’ll need to use your computer. To start the tutorial, follow these steps: 1 Slide your mouse along your mouse pad or desk. Hold the mouse as shown, with the cable pointing away from you. Don’t press the mouse button (under your index finger).
4 While holding down the mouse button, move the arrow until the words “Macintosh Tutorial” are highlighted, then release the mouse button. A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial. You can set this book aside for now and follow the instructions on the screen. When you have completed the tutorial, return to this book. Reviewing the basics The following illustration summarizes many of the basic skills and terms you learned from the tutorial.
Turning the computer off To turn your computer off, you choose Shut Down from the Special menu. Detailed instructions follow. 1 Move the tip of the arrow (8) to the word “Special” at the top center of the screen. If the word “Special” does not appear at the top of the screen, you’re working in the wrong program. Pull down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide [h] menu) and choose Finder. Then try step 1 again.
Where to find answers When you have questions about using your Macintosh, there are several places you can look for answers. In this book Macintosh User’s Guid e Use this book to help you set up your computer and learn about it, or to find solutions to problems. In the Guide menu The Guide menu (marked with the h icon) is your main source of information about the Macintosh. To learn how to get different kinds of help from the Guide menu, see Chapter 2 in this book.
Use the instructions in this chapter to learn about the help available to you in the Guide menu. 2 Getting Help The Guide menu is your main source of information when you’re working with your computer. The menu is identified by a question mark (h) in the upper-right corner of the screen.
Getting answers to your questions When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu. 1 Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose Finder to make it the active application program. A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program. 2 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Macintosh Guide. The Macintosh Guide window appears.
3 Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For. Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information: m Topics lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of contents in a book. m Index lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it is like the index in a book. m Look For lets you search for information related to a specific word or phrase that you type.
2 Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics. When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window. To get instructions, click a question… …and then click OK. 3 Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click here.
Getting answers with the Index button 1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button. An alphabetical list of subjects appears on the left side of the window. Slider Scroll bar 2 Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible. You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or by using the scroll bar at the right of the list. 3 Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.
4 Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK. Or double-click the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click here. 5 Click here to see the next step (if there is one). Read and follow the instructions in the window. Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected.
Getting answers with the Look For button 1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button. A small box appears on the left side of the window, where you can type text. To activate the text box, click here. Type a word or phrase in the text box… …and then click here. 2 Click the arrow button to activate the text box. 3 Type “sound” in the text box and then click Search.
4 Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or doubleclick the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to close Macintosh Guide, click here. Click here to see the next step (if there is one). 5 Read and follow the instructions in the window. Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected.
Tips for using Macintosh Guide Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively: m Macintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide menu) and choose Finder.
Identifying objects on the screen Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself, “What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as Balloon Help. Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other items on the Macintosh screen in balloons like those you see in comic strips. Follow these steps to use Balloon Help: 1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Show Balloons.
Learning useful shortcuts You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it. Follow these steps to learn keyboard and mouse shortcuts: 1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Shortcuts. The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears.
2 Click one of the category buttons. Another window appears, describing shortcuts for that category. If you want to close the window, click here. Click here to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window for more categories. 3 Click here to see the next window (if there is one). Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected. Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the next window (if there is one).
Read this chapter for information on expanding your computer system with additional hardware. 3 Connecting Additional Equipment Your computer at a glance The illustration shows a basic Power Macintosh 7100 series system, ready to use. However, you can also expand your computer system.
The illustrations on this page and the next show where equipment should be connected to your computer. For instructions on connecting audio or video equipment, refer to the next two sections of this chapter. For instructions on connecting other equipment, such as a CD-ROM drive, see the manual that came with the equipment. Power Macintosh 7100 series computer ™ Monitor port Connects a monitor to your Macintosh.
AV-equipped Power Macintosh 7100 series computer æ Camera and S-video input port Æ S-video output port Connects your Macintosh to a video camera, VCR, or other video equipment that uses the S-video format. Adapters for composite video format are supplied. ™ F Connects your Macintosh to a VCR or other video equipment that uses the S-video format. Adapters for composite video format are supplied. Monitor port Connects a monitor to your Macintosh.
Connecting audio equipment Your Macintosh can play and record stereo sound from a variety of sources. You can listen to or reproduce stereo sound by connecting audio equipment to the sound input and output ports on the computer. If you have an internal CD-ROM drive, you can also use your computer to play and record sound from audio compact discs (CDs).
The computer’s sound ports accept an audio connector known as a stereo miniplug. This connector is the type used on headphones for a personal tape player, for example. If your equipment has a different type of connector, you can purchase an adapter at an electronics supply store. Stereo miniplug Connecting audio equipment To play or record sound with your Macintosh, you can attach a microphone, amplifier, tape recorder, or a pair of speakers.
4 Attach the cable to the audio equipment and to the appropriate sound port on the Macintosh. To hear or record incoming sound on the computer, connect the audio equipment to the sound input port (X). To record the sound produced by the computer or play that sound through external speakers, connect the audio equipment to the sound output port (-). 5 Turn on the computer and the audio equipment. You’re now ready to begin listening to and working with sound.
Follow these steps to connect and position the microphone: 1 Shut down the Macintosh. 2 Plug the microphone’s connector into the sound input port (X) on the back of the computer. 3 Place the microphone at the top center of the monitor, so that the microphone’s Apple (K) icon is facing you. If you can’t place the microphone on top of the monitor, position the microphone according to these guidelines: m The microphone should be between 1 and 3 feet away from you.
Connecting external stereo speakers You can take advantage of your computer’s stereo sound output by attaching external powered (amplified) speakers. 1 Assemble the speakers and the cable you need. You need a cable with stereo miniplugs at each end to connect one or both speakers to the computer. (Some speakers require a dual-plug adapter. Others, like those shown in the next illustration, accept a single stereo miniplug and are joined by standard speaker wires.) 2 Turn off the Macintosh.
Connecting video equipment If you have an AV-equipped Power Macintosh, you can connect video equipment so that you can display, edit, and store video images on the computer. You can also view or record the computer’s images on a television or videocassette recorder (VCR). Note: On AV-equipped Power Macintosh computers, the letters “AV” are included at the end of the computer’s name (for example, “Power Macintosh 7100/66AV”).
About your computer’s S-video input and output ports Your AV-equipped Macintosh has two S-video ports. The input port brings in images from connected external equipment, such as a VCR. The output port sends images out from the computer to the external equipment.
The S-video connector is a round plug with several small metal pins. You can plug this type of connector into your computer’s S-video input or output port. S-video connector IMPORTANT The S-video connector resembles other Macintosh connectors, such as those for a printer, modem, mouse, or keyboard. Don’t confuse the connectors; they’re not interchangeable. Using adapters for composite video Many video devices use composite video format instead of S-video.
Two adapters for RCA plugs come with your computer. To connect a cable with RCA plugs to your computer, connect the RCA plug to one of the adapters, and connect the adapter to the appropriate S-video port (input or output) on the back of your computer. Connect the end marked with the æ icon to the computer’s S-video input port. (The curved side of the connector should point to the right.) Connect the end marked with the Æ icon to the computer’s S-video output port.
Connecting video equipment for input to the computer When you connect video equipment to your AV-equipped Power Macintosh, you can view video on the computer, capture video frames, and hear the sound from the video equipment through the computer’s speaker. The instructions that follow are for connecting a stereo VCR, but you can use them as a model for connecting your computer to any video equipment.
IMPORTANT A Y-shaped adapter is supplied with the round microphone for some models of the Macintosh. This adapter is not compatible with your Power Macintosh. 2 Attach one end of the video cable to the Video Out port on the VCR. Follow the directions that came with the VCR. 3 Plug the other end of the video cable (or adapter) into the S-video input port (æ) on the Macintosh. If the connector doesn’t slide easily into the port, realign it and try again.
Connecting video equipment for output from the computer You can deliver and record a sophisticated presentation by combining the video and sound capabilities of your Macintosh. The steps that follow explain how to set up equipment for recording the computer’s output on videotape and adding voice annotation with a microphone. To ensure that your presentation is recorded on videotape and shown on the television, you must connect the VCR to the computer and the television to the VCR.
Then follow these steps: 1 Assemble the VCR, television, microphone, and cables you need. Be sure to use a microphone designed for your model of the Macintosh, such as the Apple PlainTalk Microphone. You need the following cables (available at an electronics supply store): m Video cable with S-video connectors or RCA plugs at each end. (If you’re using a video cable with RCA plugs, you’ll also need the adapter cable for composite video.
3 Plug the other end of the video cable (or adapter) into the S-video output port (Æ) on the Macintosh. If the connector doesn’t slide easily into the port, realign it and try again. Don’t use force, which could damage the computer or cable. 4 Plug the dual RCA plugs on the audio cable into the left and right Audio In ports on the VCR. 5 Plug the stereo miniplug on the audio cable (or adapter) into the sound output port (-) on the Macintosh.
Using a television as a monitor There are two ways to use a television as a monitor: m As described in the previous section, you can connect a VCR to the computer’s S-video output port, and connect a television to the VCR’s Video Out port. Then you can record a presentation on videotape as it is displayed on the television. m You can connect a television directly to the computer’s S-video output port and display the computer’s images on it.
Expanding memory The random-access memory (RAM) in your computer can be expanded. Installing additional RAM adds more memory chips to your computer and expands its capabilities. The Technical Information booklet that came with your computer describes how much additional memory can be installed in your Power Macintosh. Memory for your computer is provided in packages called DRAM Single Inline Memory Modules (SIMMs).
WARNING Do not remove any factory-installed cards from inside your computer. Removing a factory-installed card at an angle can damage your equipment. Any NuBus™ expansion cards installed in your computer will not operate properly if the factory-installed card is removed. If a factory-installed card needs to be removed, see an Apple-authorized service provider.
Read this chapter for information on installing and working with application programs on your computer. 4 Installing and Using Application Programs Installing application programs Your computer has several application programs already installed, as well as some programs that need to be installed before you can use them.
You’ll probably want to buy and install additional programs. See the manuals you receive with your programs for instructions on installing and using them. In most cases, you’ll install an application program on your internal hard disk from floppy disks that contain the program. The illustration shows how to insert a floppy disk into your computer’s disk drive. Insert the floppy disk, metal end first, into the floppy disk drive of your computer.
Working with several programs at a time You can open as many application programs and desk accessories as your computer’s memory allows. All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar. The name of the active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar. The Finder icon Commands to hide or display open windows A checkmark indicates the active program.
Hiding and showing windows on the desktop You can hide all windows except those of the active program by choosing Hide Others from the Application menu. The other programs remain open even though their windows are hidden. When you switch to another program, its windows become visible again. If you want to see all the open windows, choose Show All from the Application menu. Backing up your files Making backup copies of important files is good protection against possible damage to the originals.
Using Power Macintosh application programs Your Power Macintosh is compatible with most application programs intended for use with Macintosh computers. But certain programs are designed especially for Power Macintosh computers. (These are sometimes called “native” applications.) You’ll find that these programs take best advantage of your computer’s speed. Special memory requirements Some Power Macintosh programs may be slightly larger than other programs and may take up more memory.
Using older Macintosh programs If you experience problems using an older Macintosh program, it may be incompatible with your Power Macintosh. You may be able to use your older program if you change the Modern Memory Manager setting in your Memory control panel. For detailed instructions on using older programs with your Power Macintosh, see the “Working with Programs” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
Consult this chapter if you experience problems using your computer. 5 Troubleshooting When you have questions If you want to know how to do a particular task with your computer, refer to Macintosh Guide in the Guide (h) menu. For instructions on using Macintosh Guide, see Chapter 2 of this manual. When you run into trouble While you’re using your computer, you may occasionally see a bomb icon or an error message, or you may have a problem such as the pointer (8) “freezing” on the screen.
Take your time When you see an error message, you don’t have to take action immediately. The message stays on the screen until you click the OK button or turn off the Macintosh. To help diagnose and correct the problem, gather as much information on the situation as you can before starting over. m Make a note of exactly what you were doing when the problem occurred. Write down the message on the screen and its ID number (if any).
Start over Often you can eliminate a problem simply by clearing the computer’s memory and starting over. If you can, save any open documents before restarting the Macintosh. If your system is frozen and does not respond to anything you do, or if you have a “bomb” message on the screen, saving may not be possible. You can try pressing x-Option-Esc to quit the program in use when the problem occurred; if this works, you can then save the documents open in other programs before restarting.
Rebuild your desktop regularly A process known as “rebuilding the desktop” helps your Macintosh keep track of data on your startup disks. Although you usually use the hard disk in your computer as a startup disk, you can also start up from any other disk that has system software installed. It’s a good idea to rebuild the desktop of your startup disks once a month or so. To rebuild the desktop of a startup disk, follow these steps: 1 Hold down the Option and x keys while you start up your computer.
Solutions to common problems The computer is turned on but the screen is dark. One of the following is probably the cause: m You have a screen saver program that darkens the screen when the computer has not been used for a certain period. Press a key or move the mouse to turn off the screen saver. m The monitor’s brightness control (¤) is not adjusted properly. Check the monitor’s brightness control and turn it up if necessary. m The Macintosh or the monitor is not getting power.
When you start up, a disk icon with a blinking question mark appears in the middle of the screen. This icon indicates that your Macintosh cannot find the system software it needs to start up. One of the following is probably the cause: m Your computer may be having a problem recognizing external equipment that uses the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI). Turn off all external SCSI equipment and disconnect the first SCSI device in the chain from your computer’s SCSI port. Then restart the computer.
When you try to start up from a floppy disk, a disk icon with an X appears in the middle of the screen and the floppy disk is ejected. This icon indicates that the floppy disk you tried to start up from is not a startup disk. Wait a few seconds. The computer should start up from its internal hard disk. Make sure you insert floppy disks only after the computer has begun starting up. A “sad Macintosh” icon appears and the computer won’t start up.
m If the hard disk is your startup disk, start your computer using the Disk Tools floppy disk or (if you have a built-in CD-ROM drive) with the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. (For instructions on how to start up your computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” later in this chapter.) Then follow the instructions in “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this chapter to test your startup hard disk and repair any damage.
When formatting disks on a DOS computer, always format standard double-sided disks in the 720K format. Always format high-density disks in the 1440K format. If a disk has been formatted incorrectly, use a DOS computer to copy its contents onto another disk that has been properly formatted. The pointer (8) freezes on the screen. Your system has a software problem. m Press x-Option-Esc to quit the application program in use when the problem occurred.
A dialog box with a bomb appears. Your system has a software problem. m Write down what you were doing when the message appeared, and write down the message’s text and its number, if there is one. m Restart your Macintosh. (See “Start Over” in the section “When You Run Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter for instructions.) Most software problems are temporary, and restarting usually corrects the problem. m Check the startup disk and application program you were using when the dialog box appeared.
Check the startup disk and program you were using when the problem occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software. Try starting up the computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. (For instructions on how to start up your computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” later in this chapter.
If the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See “Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter for instructions. m You haven’t selected any text or set the insertion point (i). Make sure the program you want to type in is the active program. Then place the pointer (8) in the active window and click to set an insertion point (i) or drag to select text (if you want to replace the text with your typing). m The keyboard is not connected properly.
You can’t start an application program or it quits unexpectedly. Or, when you try to open a program, you see a message that not enough memory is available. One of the following is probably the cause: m The Macintosh ran out of memory. Quit the programs that you have open and then open the program you want to use, or restart your Macintosh. Use the Memory control panel to turn on virtual memory.
You see a message that an application program can’t be found. The following dialog box appears if you try to open a document that was created with software that is not on your hard disk. Normally, you see this message if you try to open a document that came from another Macintosh with software that is different from yours. m Some documents can be opened by more than one application program.
You experience problems using a document from a DOS computer. If you can’t open a DOS document using a Macintosh program, try the following: m Open the document from within the program by choosing Open in the program’s File menu. m Use the PC Exchange control panel to change the document’s type to one that can be opened by the program.
You see a message that your application program can’t be opened because a file can’t be found. Power Macintosh programs use special files called shared libraries. Any necessary shared libraries should be installed automatically when you install Power Macintosh programs. Follow the directions that came with your program to reinstall the program. If the shared library is still missing, contact the software program’s manufacturer for assistance. You experience problems using an older Macintosh program.
If your computer’s performance decreases If you notice a decrease in your computer’s speed and general performance after you add special software (a control panel, system extension, or custom utility), it may be because your special software does not work well with Power Macintosh computers. m To find out if your special software is the problem, hold down the Shift key while you restart the computer. This temporarily turns off certain kinds of software.
Solving printer problems m LaserWriter Select 360, LaserWriter Pro 630, and LaserWriter Pro 810: These printers require the latest printer software (called a driver) to print properly. If you use one of these printers, install the LaserWriter 8.1.1 printer driver, which is the latest LaserWriter driver, on your computer. You’ll find the LaserWriter 8.1.1 driver, and instructions on how to install and use it, in the Apple Extras folder on your computer’s hard disk.
Choosing the correct networking software Use networking software no older than the following versions with your Power Macintosh computer. Network software Version AppleShare Server 4.0.2 Apple Internet Router 3.0.1 Inter•Poll 1.0.1 MacTerminal 3.0 Apple Remote Access 2.0 (client; personal server) 2.0.
If you have trouble using a monitor with an AV-equipped Power Macintosh Read the information in this section if you are having trouble using monitors with an AV-equipped Power Macintosh. The Monitors control panel indicates that you have two monitors, but you have only one. If you have only one monitor and it is connected to the high-density monitor port, the Monitors control panel assumes that a monitor is connected to the second monitor port, even if a second monitor isn’t connected.
Note: If you have only one monitor, there are several good reasons to leave it connected to the second monitor port instead of the high-density monitor port: m You avoid setting up the “ghost monitor” situation just described. m The second monitor port provides more colors on all monitors 13 inches or larger (measured diagonally), including the AudioVision 14 Display.
4 Click the picture that represents the television, then click Options. Click here to identify which picture represents the television. Click the picture that represents the television, then click Options above. 5 Make sure the box labeled “Upon Restart Display Video on Television” is not selected. Make sure this box is not selected. 6 78 Chapter 5 Close the Monitors control panel and restart your computer.
You see wavy lines or static after switching to a television from a monitor connected to the second monitor port. If the regular (RGB) monitor is still connected, switch back to it. If the monitor is no longer connected, or you can’t switch back to it, restart your computer. The next time you want to switch to a television, follow these steps: 1 Quit all application programs (save any open documents before quitting). 2 Be sure both the television and the monitor are connected to your computer.
5 Select “Display Video on Television”; then select NTSC Standard, PAL Standard, or “Use flicker-free format,” and click OK. For information about video standards, see the “Video” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. 6 Click Switch in the dialog box that appears; then close the Monitors control panel. You can’t see the color wheel or other items. This problem can occur if you use a single monitor and it is not attached to the second monitor port.
Initializing a hard disk Before you can use a new disk, the disk must be prepared so that the computer knows where to store information on the disk. This preparation is called initializing (or formatting) the disk. When do you need to initialize a hard disk? The hard disk inside your computer was initialized at the factory, so you shouldn’t need to initialize it.
If a blinking question mark appears, or if the computer starts up from your hard disk: You did not insert the CD-ROM disc quickly enough for the computer to recognize it as a startup disk. Follow these steps: 1 Shut down your computer. The CD-ROM disc will remain in the CD-ROM drive. 2 Turn the computer on. 3 Immediately press the C key on the keyboard. Continue to hold down the key until you see the “Welcome to Macintosh” message.
How to initialize a hard disk You initialize an Apple SCSI hard disk by using a program called Apple HD SC Setup, which is on the floppy disk labeled Disk Tools that came with your computer. If your computer came with a CD-ROM drive and you didn’t receive floppy disks, you can find Apple HD SC Setup on the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. 1 Start up your computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains system software.
5 Click Init to initialize the hard disk. Click here to initialize the disk. 6 If a message appears asking you to name the disk, type a name and then click OK. 7 Click Quit when you see a message reporting that initialization was successful. If a message reports that initialization failed, try again. If initialization fails a second time, take the disk to your Apple-authorized service provider for repair.
Repairing a damaged disk Disks can become damaged by repeated use and handling. When do you need to repair a disk? If you see a message reporting that a disk is damaged or unreadable, you may need to repair the disk. Try these suggestions first If you can’t start up from a hard disk or you don’t see the hard disk icon on the desktop, try the following: m If the hard disk is internal, shut down your Macintosh, wait at least 10 seconds, and then turn it on again.
How to test a hard disk You can test an Apple SCSI hard disk with the Apple HD SC Setup program, which is on the floppy disk labeled Disk Tools that came with your computer. If your computer has a built-in CD-ROM drive, and you didn’t receive floppy disks, you can find the Apple HD SC Setup program on the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. 1 Start up your computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains system software.
If the test reveals a problem, you may be able to correct it by using Disk First Aid or another disk repair program (see the instructions in the next section), or you may need to reinitialize the disk (see “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier in this chapter). Consult an Apple-authorized service provider for assistance if necessary.
3 Click the icon of the disk you want to test. Disk icons appear in a box at the top of the Disk First Aid window. 4 Click Repair to begin testing and repairing the disk. You can’t repair the startup disk or the disk that contains the Disk First Aid program, but you can test these disks by clicking Verify. If the program reveals a problem with either of these disks, start up the computer from another disk so that you can repair the damaged disk.
If Disk First Aid cannot correct the problem m Try repairing the disk again. Sometimes repeating the process corrects the problem. m Use another disk repair or recovery program. Some disk repair programs let you recover information from a damaged disk. m Consult a computer repair specialist for help. m Once you have recovered all the information you can, erase (reinitialize) the disk.
Installing or reinstalling system software System software is the set of programs and other files that your computer uses to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run the application programs you use. System software is kept in the folder called the System Folder. When you turn on your computer, it looks for a startup disk, which is a disk that contains the system software.
Installing system software Follow the steps in this section to do what is commonly called a “normal” installation of system software. If you’re installing system software on a hard disk for the first time, make sure that your hard disk has been initialized, a process that prepares the disk to store information. If you see the hard disk’s icon on the desktop when you start up the computer, the disk has been initialized.
8 Start up your computer from the Install Disk 1 disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy Disk” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier in this chapter. The Installer’s Welcome screen appears. You may have to double-click the System Software Installer icon to open the Installer program. 9 Click OK. The Easy Install dialog box appears.
13 When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, click Restart. If a message reports that installation was not successful, try installing again. (Follow the instructions on the screen.) If, after reinstalling system software by doing a normal installation, you still experience problems with your computer, follow the steps in the next section for doing a “clean” installation of system software.
To do a clean installation, follow these steps: 1 Start up your computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy Disk” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier in this chapter. 2 Find and open the Disk First Aid icon. You may need to look in a folder called Utilities to find Disk First Aid. After Disk First Aid starts, follow the instructions on the screen.
8 Insert the Install Disk 1 disk into the floppy disk drive, or insert the CD-ROM disc that contains system software into the CD-ROM drive. The Installer’s Welcome screen appears. You may have to double-click the System Software Installer icon to open the Installer program. 9 Click Continue. The Easy Install dialog box appears. For a clean installation, DO NOT click the Install button. Disk on which system software will be installed If you need to install on a different disk, click this button.
13 Click Clean Install. Click here to install the software you need. 14 Follow the instructions that appear on the screen. It takes a few minutes to complete the installation. 15 When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, you may need to click Restart. You need to click Restart only if you installed software onto the startup disk. If a message reports that installation was not successful, try repeating the clean installation procedure.
Doing a custom installation For most Macintosh users, the Easy Install procedure described in the previous sections is appropriate, because it automatically installs all the items you need. However, if you’d like to select a combination of system software files for your specific needs, you can customize your system software installation. You use custom installation to install or update one or more specific files, or to save space on your hard disk by installing only the files you want.
The Custom Install dialog box appears, listing all available system software components. 4 Scroll through the list of components, clicking the checkbox next to each component you want to install. To get additional information about each component listed, click the box with the letter i in it to the right of the component. 5 Click Install. 6 Follow the instructions that appear on the screen. 7 When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, click Quit.
Read this appendix for important health and safety instructions, as well as tips on keeping your computer in good working order. Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips For your own safety and that of your equipment, follow all the instructions in this chapter. Keep these instructions available for reference by you and others.
Musculoskeletal discomfort As with any activity that involves sitting for long periods of time, using a computer can make your muscles sore and stiff. To minimize these effects, set up your work environment carefully, using the guidelines that follow, and take frequent breaks to rest tired muscles. To make working with your computer more comfortable, allow enough space in your work area so that you can change position frequently and maintain a relaxed posture.
Eye fatigue Eye fatigue can occur whenever the eyes are focused on a nearby object for a long time. This problem occurs because the eye muscles must work harder to view an object that’s closer than about 20 feet (6 meters). Improper lighting can hasten the development of eye fatigue. Although eye fatigue is annoying, there’s no evidence that it leads to permanent damage.
You may have to raise your chair so your forearms and hands are at the proper angle to the keyboard. If this makes it impossible to rest your feet flat on the floor, you can use a footrest with adjustable height and tilt to make up for any gap between the floor and your feet. Or you may lower the desktop to eliminate the need for a footrest. Another option is to use a desk with a keyboard tray that’s lower than the regular work surface. m Position the mouse at the same height as your keyboard.
Avoiding fatigue m Change your seated position, stand up, or stretch whenever you start to feel tired. Frequent short breaks are helpful in reducing fatigue. m Use a light touch when typing or using a mouse and keep your hands and fingers relaxed. m Some computer users may develop discomfort in their hands, wrists, or arms after intensive work without breaks. If you begin to develop chronic pain or discomfort in your hands, wrists, or arms, consult a qualified health specialist.
Safety instructions For your own safety and that of your equipment, always take the following precautions.
Handling your computer equipment Follow these guidelines for handling your computer and its components: m When setting up your computer, place components on a sturdy, flat surface, and carefully follow all setup instructions. m When connecting or disconnecting a cable, always hold the cable by its connector (the plug, not the cord). m Turn off your computer and all its components before connecting or disconnecting any cables to add or remove any component.
Handling the monitor Follow these procedures for handling a monitor: m Turn down the screen brightness control if you leave the computer turned on for extended periods. If the brightness is not turned down, the image on the screen could “burn in” and damage the screen. You can also use a “screen saver” program, which dims or varies the image on the screen when the computer has been idle for a specified period of time. These programs are available from independent suppliers and user groups.
Handling floppy disks Store disks at temperatures between 50° F and 125° F. Do not use a pencil or an eraser on a disk or disk label. Keep disks dry. 125° F (52° C) 50° F (10° C) Do not touch the exposed part of the disk behind the metal shutter. Keep disks away from magnets. Avoid exposing disks to extremely hot temperatures.
If you can’t eject a floppy disk If you can’t eject a floppy disk in the usual way, try the following in order: m Hold down the x and Shift keys and press the number 1 key on your keyboard to eject a disk in the internal disk drive. m Turn off the computer. If the disk isn’t ejected, then hold down the button on your mouse or other pointing device while you turn the computer on again.
Cleaning your equipment Follow these general rules when cleaning the outside of your computer and its components: m Use a damp, soft, lint-free cloth to clean the computer’s exterior. Avoid getting moisture in any openings. m Don’t use aerosol sprays, solvents, or abrasives. Cleaning the computer case To clean the case, do the following: 1 Turn off the computer completely and then disconnect the power plug. (Pull the plug, not the cord.
2 Turn the mouse upside down and turn the plastic ring on the bottom counterclockwise to disengage it. If you have an older mouse, you may need to press the plastic ring (rather than turn it) to disengage it. 3 Turn the mouse right side up with one hand and catch the ring and the ball with your other hand. 4 Clean the three small rollers inside the mouse with a cotton swab moistened with water. Rotate the rollers to clean all around them.
Read this appendix for instructions on installing an expansion card in your computer. Appendix B Installing an Expansion Card You can install printed circuit boards (called cards) in the computer for video and graphics applications, networking and communications, additional processing power, and other purposes. The cards fit into connectors, called expansion slots, inside the computer. Your Macintosh has three expansion slots, each designed to accept a NuBus card.
Installing a card with a DAV connector in your AV-equipped Power Macintosh computer If you have a Power Macintosh with built-in AV capabilities, you can install a NuBus card that contains a Digital Audio and Video (DAV) connector. This connector provides direct access to the specialized digital audio and video hardware built into your computer. The illustration below shows the location of the expansion slots in your computer.
NuBus power requirements The combined power consumption of NuBus cards must not exceed the limits specified for your Macintosh model. If you have more than one NuBus card installed, check the information that came with your cards to make sure that their power consumption is within the limits specified in the Technical Information booklet. Installing a NuBus card Before you begin, have a regular flathead screwdriver at hand. 1 Turn off and unplug the computer.
4 Remove the cover from the computer. Facing the front of the computer, press your palms on either side of the computer and pull the cover toward you. Lift up the cover and set it aside.
5 Touch the metal part of the power supply case inside the computer to discharge static electricity. Always do this before you touch any parts, or install any components, inside the computer.
6 Push out the plastic cover plate behind any one of the three NuBus slots, and set the cover plate aside. Use your thumb to push out the cover plate. Power supply Cover plate Note: If you are installing a card with a DAV connector, make sure to use the leftmost slot, as described in “Installing a Card With a DAV Connector in Your AV-Equipped Power Macintosh Computer,” earlier in this chapter. 7 Remove the card from its static-proof bag. Handle the card by its edges. Do not touch the connectors.
8 Align the card over the slot. Slide the metal end of the card between the two tabs. Connector NuBus slot 9 Press down gently but firmly on the card until the connector is fully inserted. Don’t force the card. If you meet a lot of resistance, pull it out and try again. To see if the card is properly connected, lift it gently. If it resists and stays in place, it’s connected. (Make sure you don’t lift the card so much that you accidentally disconnect the card.
10 Replace the cover on the computer. 1 Set the cover down, leaving about a 1-inch gap here. 2 Slide the cover all the way back until the hooks and slots engage.
11 Tighten the security screw. Tighten the screw. If you disconnected the monitor earlier, reconnect it now. You are now finished installing the card. You may turn on the computer and start using the new card. WARNING Always replace the cover before turning the computer on.
Read this appendix to learn how to use the special keys on your keyboard. Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard Your computer keyboard contains certain special keys that typewriter keyboards don’t have. Many of these keys allow you to give commands to the computer without using the mouse. For example, in many application programs, pressing the x (Command) key at the same time as the Q key is often an alternative method of quitting a program.
Special keys on Apple keyboards (continued) Control key control Delete key Use to delete selected material, or the character to the left of the insertion point. delete Enter key enter Escape key esc Function keys F1 Option key Numeric keys alt option num lock clear = / 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 * Use to produce numbers and mathematical symbols; some programs use these keys as function keys to initiate actions. Use to produce capital letters (or the upper character on the key).
If you can’t find what you’re looking for in this index, look in Macintosh Guide— available in the Guide (h) menu on your computer.
screen saver 61, 106 starting 69 switching to another 53 troubleshooting 65–66, 69–70, 72 types that run on Power Macintosh ix, 55–56 working with several 53–54 arranging equipment 4 arrow keys 121 arrow on screen frozen 57, 65–66 moving 15 audio and video input connections, diagram 44 audio and video presentations, setup for 45–47 audio cables, with dual RCA plugs and stereo miniplug 43, 46 audio compact discs 34, 38 audio equipment.
Clear key 121 clicking icons 29 clock, troubleshooting 61 closing Macintosh Guide window 27 color wheel, problems viewing 80 Command key 121 commands assigning to function keys 122 shortcuts for 29–30, 121–122 spoken 36, 36–37 compact discs 34, 38 composite video format 33, 39, 41 and RCA-type adapters 41–42 computer diagram of ports for AV-equipped Power Macintosh 33 diagram of ports for non-AV Power Macintosh 32 overheated 105 plugging in monitor power cord 5 removing cover 114 replacing cover 118–119 sys
E F ejecting disks 63, 107–108 electrical grounding 5, 61, 105 electrical safety 104–105 electromagnetic emissions 103 Enter key 122 equipment cleaning 109–110 handling 105–108 location of ports for connecting 32, 33 for setup x erasing floppy disks 89 hard disk 81 selected material 121–122 error messages 57–58 Escape key 122 Ethernet port, location of 32, 33 expansion cards with DAV connector 112 factory-installed 111 installing 3, 113–119 NuBus 50, 111 opening computer to install 112–113 removing from b
Guide menu.
K keyboard connecting 8–9 diagrams x, 31 handling spills on 106 location of ports for 32, 33 positioning 101–102 power key on 11 shortcuts 29–30 troubleshooting 68 and wrist pain 99–100, 103 keyboard cable x, 8–9, 13, 68 keyboard port 8 keys, special 121–122 L LaserWriter printers, troubleshooting 74 left-handed mouse use 8 line input source, selecting 47 Look For button (Macintosh Guide window) 21, 25–26 M Macintosh basics 15–16 Macintosh Guide window choosing 20 Huh? button 27 Index button 21, 23–24 Loo
screen size 6 standard model 7 television as 48 turning on automatically 10 types of 4 using second 48 monitor cable 5 connecting 6–7 monitor cable adapters 7 monitor ports 6–7, 32, 33 monitor power cord, plugging into computer 5 monitor power socket, location of 32, 33 mouse cleaning 109–110 connecting to keyboard with a separate cable 8 diagrams x, 31 mouse cable, plugging in 8 mouse ports, for right- or left-hand use 8 N network, location of ports for 32, 33 networking software 75 non-AV Power Macintosh
Power Macintosh “native” applications, using 55 Power Macintosh ports diagram for AV-equipped 33 diagram for non-AV 32 Power Macintosh software 69.
S sad Macintosh icon 63 safety instructions 104 screen dark 61 frozen 57, 65 glare on 102–103 identifying objects on 28 image “burn in” 106 interference on 106 position of 102 troubleshooting 62–63, 85 screen objects, identifying 28 SCSI equipment, location of ports 32, 33 SCSI ID numbers 62, 63, 85 second monitor port 6, 32, 33, 77 security lock port 32, 33 service and support 18, 58 setup, equipment provided x shared libraries 55, 72 Shift key 122 shortcuts, keyboard and mouse 29–30 Shortcuts (Guide menu)
system extensions, compatibility 65, 67, 73 System Folder Extensions folder 65 files in 90 printing contents of 58 repairing contents of 93–94 special software items 73 when not to open 70 system software clean installation 93–96 compatibility 65, 67, 72–73 custom installation 97 normal installation 91–93 printer drivers in 74 reinstalling 67, 90 replacing special software 96 troubleshooting 62–63, 65, 90, 93 System Software Installer icon 92 system startup.
V VCR cables for connecting 43 connecting for input to computer 43–44 connecting for output from computer 45–47 recording images from computer 42 viewing images from 42 ventilation 2, 4, 105 equipment 105–106 video capturing frames 43 connecting equipment for input of 40, 42–44 connecting equipment for output of 40, 45–47 viewing on computer display 39, 42–43 viewing on television 48 video and audio presentations, setup for 45–47 video and sound input connections, diagram 44 video cables 43–44, 46–47 videoc
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