Macintosh Performa User’s Guide Includes setup, troubleshooting, and health-related information for Macintosh Performa 640 series DOS Compatible computers
K Apple Computer, Inc. © 1995 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
Contents Communications regulation information vii Preface Your DOS-Compatible Macintosh Performa Computer 1 Getting Started 1 Plugging in the computer 1 Installing an expansion card Connecting a monitor 3 3 Connecting the mouse and keyboard Connecting other equipment Turning the computer on 6 8 8 Problems turning your computer on? What’s next? ix 10 11 Learning the basics Reviewing the basics 12 13 Turning the computer off Where to find answers 14 15 iii
2 Getting Help 17 Getting answers to your questions 18 Identifying objects on the screen Learning useful shortcuts 26 27 3 Connecting Additional Equipment 29 Where to connect additional equipment 30 Connecting an Apple PlainTalk Microphone Connecting external stereo speakers Connecting a game controller Expanding memory 31 32 33 34 Replacing internal storage devices 34 4 Installing and Using Application Programs in the Macintosh Environment 35 Installing Macintosh application programs Work
6 Configuring the PC Environment Choosing settings 63 64 Configuring the PC serial ports Setting the monitor 65 66 Setting the time and date 66 Setting shared memory 67 Choosing shared folders or volumes Turning on PC sounds 69 71 Configuring drives C and D 72 Managing PC files from the Mac OS 73 Changing the size of the drive container Understanding the status line 74 78 7 Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment When you have questions If you have trouble 79 79 79 Solutions to
Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 121 Health-related information about computer use Safety instructions 121 126 Handling your computer equipment Cleaning your equipment 127 131 Locking and unlocking the mouse 133 Appendix B Installing an Expansion Card or Memory for the PC Environment 135 Opening the computer 138 Installing or replacing a communication card 140 Installing or replacing a SIMM for the PC environment Closing the computer 141 146 Appendix C Special Keys on Your Ke
Communications regulation information FCC statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected. Radio and television interference The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy.
DOC statement DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.
Your DOS-Compatible Macintosh Performa Computer Your Macintosh Performa includes hardware and software that let you use DOS and Windows directly on your Macintosh computer. It contains a highperformance microprocessor that’s fully compatible with the latest DOS and Windows software.
m share the random-access memory (RAM) in your Macintosh with the PC environment, or use a memory module (SIMM) exclusively for the PC environment m use the built-in Macintosh serial ports with PC software m access PC CD-ROM discs using an Apple CD-ROM drive m play Sound Blaster–compatible sounds m communicate with network servers and other computers running PC software To begin, follow the instructions in Chapters 1 and 2 to set up your computer and start using it.
Monitor Macintosh Performa DOS-compatible computer Keyboard cable (permanently attached to the keyboard) Keyboard Mouse Monitor cable (sometimes built into the monitor) Monitor power cord (sometimes built into the monitor) Computer power cord
Follow the instructions in this chapter to set up your computer and learn the basics. 1 Getting Started The illustration on the facing page shows all the equipment you need to set up your computer and begin using it. Place your equipment on a sturdy, flat surface near a grounded wall outlet.
When you are ready to begin, follow these steps: 1 Plug the socket end of the computer’s power cord into the recessed power cord socket (marked with the symbol ≤) on the back of the computer. 2 Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip. Choose a power outlet to which you have easy access. WARNING This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded.Your Macintosh is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that has a third (grounding) pin.
Installing an expansion card If you purchased any expansion cards for your Macintosh or extra memory for use in the PC environment, install the cards or memory now. (For instructions, see Appendix B, “Installing an Expansion Card or Memory for the PC Environment,” as well as the documentation that came with the cards or memory module.) If you don’t have an expansion card or memory to install, go on to the next section, “Connecting a Monitor.
2 Connect the monitor power cord to the monitor. On some monitors, the cord is already attached. 3 Plug in the monitor power cord. Be sure to plug the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip.
Connecting the monitor cable After you plug in the monitor power cord, you connect the monitor cable to the computer’s monitor port. To connect the monitor cable, follow these steps: 1 Attach the monitor cable to the monitor. On some monitors, the cable is already attached (as shown below). 2 Attach the monitor cable to the monitor port on the back panel of the computer. The monitor port is on the upper-right corner of the back panel. It is marked with the ™ icon (symbol).
Connecting the mouse and keyboard 1 Plug the mouse cable into the recessed port on the back of the keyboard. The plug and the port are marked with the ◊ icon (symbol). The positions of the port and icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured. By the way: A port marked with the ◊ icon is called an Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port. Plug the mouse into the recessed port on the keyboard. The flat part of the plug should be pointing down, as shown here.
2 Plug the keyboard cable into the port marked with the ◊ icon on the back of the computer. V ADB port Some monitors have a port to which you can connect the keyboard or mouse. See the information that came with your monitor. 3 If you want to adjust the keyboard angle, lower the feet on the keyboard. To adjust the keyboard angle, lower the feet until they snap into position.
Connecting other equipment If you are new to the Macintosh, it’s a good idea to get some experience using your computer before you connect other equipment, such as a printer or scanner. To learn basic Macintosh skills, continue with the instructions in this chapter. When you’re ready to connect other equipment to your Macintosh, see the instructions in Chapter 3. Turning the computer on Follow these steps to turn the computer on: 1 Turn on the monitor.
3 Check to see what’s on your screen. m If you see the Macintosh desktop, as in the illustration below, your system software has already been installed, and your computer is ready to use. Skip now to the section “What’s Next?” later in this chapter. Hard disk icon Your Launcher has more items in it than are shown in this illustration. Macintosh desktop m If you see a blinking question mark, you may need to install system software on your computer’s hard disk.
Problems turning your computer on? If you don’t see anything on the screen, check these items to see if you can identify the problem: m Is the computer plugged into a power source? If it is plugged into a power strip, is the power strip plugged in and turned on? m Is the computer turned on? The power-on light on the front panel should be on. If it isn’t on, press the standby power button on the computer’s back panel (marked with the symbol ®).
What’s next? Congratulations! You’ve finished setting up your computer. Now continue with one of the following steps: m If you are new to the Macintosh, turn to the next section, “Learning the Basics.” m If you are an experienced Macintosh user, turn to Chapter 2, “Getting Help,” to learn about Macintosh Guide, your main source of information when you’re working with the Mac OS (the Macintosh environment).
Learning the basics If you are new to the Macintosh, you should begin by looking at the easyto-use program called Performa Tutorial. The tutorial teaches you the basic skills you’ll need to use your computer. To start the tutorial once you are past the welcome sequence, follow these steps: 1 Slide the mouse along your mouse pad or desk. Hold the mouse as shown, with the cable pointing away from you. Don’t press the mouse button (under your index finger).
If you don’t see the Performa Tutorial picture on your screen, put the arrow on the word “Learning” and click (press and release) the mouse button. If you run out of room on your mouse pad or desk while moving the mouse, pick up the mouse and place it where there’s more room. (The arrow on the screen moves only when the mouse is in contact with the mouse pad or desk.) 3 Without moving the mouse, click the mouse button. A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial.
Turning the computer off To turn the computer off: 1 Press the Power key (marked with a triangle) on the keyboard. You will see a message asking whether you want to shut down or continue working. 2 Click Shut Down. To turn the computer on, simply press the Power key again. You can also turn off your computer by choosing Shut Down from the Apple (K) menu. Detailed instructions follow. (Note: The Shut Down command is also available in the Special menu.
Where to find answers When you have questions about using your Macintosh, there are several places you can look for answers. In this book Macintosh Performa User’s Guid e Use this book to help you set up your computer and learn about it, or to find solutions to problems with your equipment. See especially the chapters about troubleshooting in the Macintosh and PC environments. In the Guide menu The Guide menu (marked with the h icon) is your main source of information about the Macintosh.
Use the instructions in this chapter to learn about the help available to you in the Guide menu. 2 Getting Help The Guide menu is your main source of information when you’re working with your computer in the Macintosh environment. The menu is identified by a question mark (h) in the upper-right corner of the screen. (If you need instructions on using DOS or Windows, see the manuals that came with these programs.
Getting answers to your questions When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu. 1 Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose Finder to make it the active application program. A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program. 2 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Macintosh Guide. The Macintosh Guide window appears.
3 Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For. Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information: m Topics lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of contents in a book. m Index lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it is like the index in a book. m Look For lets you search for information related to a specific word or phrase that you type.
2 Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics. When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window. To get instructions, click a question… …and then click OK. 3 Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click here.
Getting answers with the Index button 1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button. An alphabetical list of subjects appears on the left side of the window. Slider Scroll bar 2 Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible. You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or by using the scroll bar at the right of the list. 3 Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.
4 Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK. Or double-click the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click here. 5 Click here to see the next step (if there is one). Read and follow the instructions in the window. Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected.
Getting answers with the Look For button 1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button. A small box appears on the left side of the window, where you can type text. To activate the text box, click here. Type a word or phrase in the text box… …and then click here. 2 Click the arrow button to activate the text box. 3 Type “sound” in the text box and then click Search.
4 Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or doubleclick the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to close Macintosh Guide, click here. Click here to see the next step (if there is one). 5 Read and follow the instructions in the window. Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected.
Tips for using Macintosh Guide Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively: m Macintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide menu) and choose Finder.
Identifying objects on the screen Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself, “What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as Balloon Help. Balloon Help explains the functions of icons, menus, commands, and other items on the Macintosh screen in balloons like those you see in comic strips. Follow these steps to use Balloon Help: 1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Show Balloons.
Learning useful shortcuts You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it. Follow these steps to learn keyboard and mouse shortcuts: 1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Shortcuts. The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears. 2 Click one of the category buttons.
3 Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected. Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the next window (if there is one). 4 28 Chapter 2 When you finish reading about the shortcuts for your category, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window. Or click the close box in the upper-left corner to close the window.
Read this chapter for information on expanding your computer system with additional hardware. 3 Connecting Additional Equipment The illustration below shows a basic Macintosh system. You can expand your computer system by connecting additional hardware (such as a printer, modem, or external stereo speakers). Monitor Floppy disk drive Computer Remote control sensor - Volume buttons CD-ROM drive Use these buttons to change the volume of the computer’s sound.
Where to connect additional equipment The illustration on this page shows where equipment should be connected to your computer. For instructions on connecting additional equipment such as a printer or scanner, see the manual that came with the equipment. TV tuner card (optional) Connects your Macintosh to an external TV antenna or cable TV service. Video input card (optional) Connects your Macintosh to a video camera, VCR, or other video equipment.
Connecting an Apple PlainTalk Microphone Your computer has a sound input port, which you can use to connect an Apple PlainTalk Microphone. Use PlainTalk only: You should connect only the Apple PlainTalk Microphone. Other models of microphone will not work with your Macintosh. To connect the microphone, do this: m Plug the microphone’s connector into the sound input port (marked with the icon X) on the back of the computer.
Connecting external stereo speakers You can take advantage of your computer’s stereo sound output by attaching externally powered (amplified) speakers. (Only externally powered speakers will work with your Macintosh.) 1 Assemble the speakers and the cable you need. You need a cable with stereo miniplugs at each end to connect one or both speakers to the computer. (Some speakers require a dual-plug adapter.
5 Connect the speakers together with speaker wires, if necessary. 6 Turn on the computer. You hear the computer’s sound through the external speakers. Note: To control the volume of your external speakers, use the volume buttons on the front of the computer. If you are playing an audio compact disc (CD), you may also need to adjust the volume control in the program you’re using to play CDs.
Expanding memory You can install additional random-access memory (RAM) in your computer, which allows you to work with more programs and larger documents. Additional memory comes on memory modules (also called SIMMs). The Technical Information booklet that came with your computer describes how much additional memory can be installed in your Macintosh. You can also add up to 32 megabytes (MB) of RAM for use exclusively in the PC environment.
Read this chapter to learn how to work with application programs and protect the information on your disks while working in the Mac OS. 4 Installing and Using Application Programs in the Macintosh Environment Your computer came with several application programs already installed. You can open these programs by clicking their buttons in the Launcher.
Installing Macintosh application programs You may want to buy and install additional application programs. See the manuals you receive with your programs for instructions on installing and using them. In most cases, you’ll install an application program on your internal hard disk from floppy disks that contain the program. The following illustration shows how to insert a floppy disk in your computer’s floppy disk drive. Insert the floppy disk, metal end first, into the floppy disk drive of your computer.
Working with several programs at a time You can open as many application programs and desk accessories as your computer’s memory allows. All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar. The name of the active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar. The Finder icon Commands to hide or display open windows A checkmark indicates the active program.
Hiding and showing windows on the desktop You can hide all windows except those of the active program by choosing Hide Others from the Application menu. The other programs remain open even though their windows are hidden. When you switch to another program, its windows become visible again. If you want to see all the open windows, choose Show All from the Application menu.
To back up files in the Macintosh environment, copy the files to a disk manually or use a Macintosh backup program. Do not use PC backup programs in the Mac OS. Restoring the information on your hard disk If information on your hard disk becomes damaged or lost, you can restore it if you have a backup copy of the information. The Macintosh Performa CD contains copies of all the system software and application programs that came with your computer.
Follow the instructions in this chapter to start working in the PC environment on your Macintosh. 5 Operating in the PC Environment Your DOS-compatible Macintosh comes with standard versions of DOS and Windows already installed. Also installed is software you can use to work in both the Macintosh and PC environments and share data between the two environments. This software is described in this chapter and in Chapter 6, “Configuring the PC Environment.
Switching between the Macintosh and PC environments You switch between the Mac OS and the PC environment using the PC Setup control panel. Follow these steps: 42 Chapter 5 1 In the Macintosh environment, choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu. 2 Double-click the PC Setup icon to open the control panel. 3 Click Switch to PC to switch to the PC environment. 4 To switch back to the Mac OS, press x-Return.
Switching with a keyboard command You can set a keyboard command, or “hot key,” to switch between the Mac OS and the PC environment. To set the hot key, you must be in the Macintosh environment. (If you are in the PC environment, press x-Return.) m To choose a hot key, open the PC Setup control panel and press the Tab key to select the Hot Key text field; then press the keys you want to use. The x key is automatically included in the hot key.
3 Turn off the Shut Down Warning option in the General Controls panel. If the Shut Down Warning is turned on when you switch from the Mac OS to the PC environment, you will not be able to switch back again for a few minutes. Fading the screen To have the screen fade briefly before you switch environments, click to place an X in the Fade Screens checkbox in the PC Setup control panel. This prevents the display from flashing when you switch environments.
Memory management utilities If you use a memory management utility such as EMM386 or QEMM, you need to configure it so that it runs with your DOS-compatibility hardware and software. IMPORTANT Apple Computer does not recommend using automated memory configuration utilities with your DOS-compatible Macintosh, because they can require more memory than management utilities you configure manually. In addition, some memory configuration utilities may not be compatible with DOS-compatibility hardware.
Working in the PC environment When you switch to DOS or Windows, you’re operating in a real PC world. The floppy disk drive, mouse, and keyboard all act as they would with a standard PC. There are, however, some issues you need to be aware of. Floppy disk drives and floppy disks The Macintosh floppy disk drive is drive A in the PC environment. To eject a disk from this disk drive while you’re in the PC environment, press x-E. In the PC environment, you can insert only DOS-format disks or blank disks.
CD-ROM discs and drives Your DOS-compatible Macintosh allows you to use CD-ROM discs that run on DOS and Windows. To eject a CD-ROM disc in the PC environment, press x-Y. If the CD-ROM disc cannot be ejected (because a file is in use or the CD-ROM disc is being shared), the Macintosh beeps. You can listen to audio CDs in either the PC environment or the Mac OS, but you cannot control the same disc from both environments.
Pointing device The standard Macintosh pointing device (such as a mouse or trackball) has one button; most PC devices have two. The button on the Macintosh pointing device behaves like the left button on a PC device. m To simulate the right button, press the = key on the keypad. m To simulate pressing the left and right buttons at the same time, press the mouse button and the = key simultaneously. If you have Windows installed, you can use its Mouse control panel to switch the button assignment.
PC key Equivalent on Macintosh keyboard F1 through F9 x-1 through 9 F10 x-0 F11 x-(minus) F12 x-(equal) F13 x-[ F14 x-] F15 x-\ Home x–[keypad] 7 PageUp x–[keypad] 9 End x–[keypad] 1 PageDown x–[keypad] 3 Insert x–[keypad] 0 Del x–[keypad] period Using the Apple Adjustable Keyboard: If you are using the Apple Adjustable Keyboard, you cannot use key combinations made up of keys from the main keyboard and function keys (for example, Shift-F1).
For example, if you use M as your LASTDRIVE value, you could have up to nine extra drives using drives labeled E through M. A CD-ROM drive, if installed, uses E. Each additional drive letter uses 100 bytes of PC memory. Clipboards You can exchange information between the PC environment and the Mac OS. The type of information you can exchange depends on whether you’re running DOS or Windows.
If you don’t have a DOS mouse driver installed, follow these steps to copy and paste information using DOSCLIP: 1 In the PC environment, issue the keyboard command Shift-Control-C to activate DOSCLIP. A cursor appears in the center of the screen. 2 Use the arrow keys on the keyboard to move the cursor to the upper-left corner of the region you want to copy. 3 Holding down the Shift key, use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the lower-right corner of the region. 4 Release the Shift key.
Key Scan code Key Scan code 0 11 ' " 40 1 2 , < 51 2 3 - _ 12 3 4 .
Key Scan code Key Scan code F1 59 F7 65 F2 60 F8 66 F3 61 F9 67 F4 62 F10 68 F5 63 F11 87 F6 64 F12 88 A 30 N 49 B 48 O 24 C 46 P 25 D 32 Q 16 E 18 R 19 F 33 S 31 G 34 T 20 H 35 U 22 I 23 V 47 J 36 W 17 K 37 X 45 L 38 Y 21 M 50 Z 44 Operating in the PC Environment 53
Tips for using the Clipboard When the PC environment is running, you have three separate clipboards to work with—the Mac OS Clipboard, the Windows Clipboard, and the DOSCLIP “clipboard.” Translation between the clipboards takes place each time you switch between the PC and Macintosh environments.
m When using DOSCLIP from within certain application programs, it may not be possible to select the text using the mouse. In these cases, either use the keyboard to select your text, or check that the standard DOS mouse driver is not loaded. m When the PC environment is active, all Macintosh programs are put in the background to allow the PC Clipboard to run in the foreground.
If you want to use the IPX protocol in the PC environment and you have installed MacIPX in the Mac OS, remove MacIPX from the Control Panels folder or select AppleTalk as your network interface in the MacIPX control panel. If you want to use the TCP protocol in the PC environment, remove MacTCP from the Control Panels folder or select an interface other than Ethernet in the MacTCP control panel.
Using Macintosh peripheral devices in the PC environment You use the serial ports of your Macintosh just like the serial ports of any PC-compatible computer. The maximum data transfer rate supported by the DOS-compatible hardware when a COM port is mapped to a Macintosh serial port is 19,200 bits per second (bps). If you’re capturing serial output to a Mac OS text file, there is no limit. For more information about serial ports, see “Configuring the PC Serial Ports” in Chapter 6.
The Epson emulator works by first translating the DOS text to a similar Macintosh font, then interpreting that text into a series of QuickDraw commands. Some characters in the original DOS character set may not have exact translations to a Macintosh font. The use of a PostScript font is recommended in these cases, because the PostScript standard requires no translation. About color: When you use Epson emulation, you can’t print in color.
IMPORTANT If you try to print a file using a PostScript printer driver for a non-PostScript printer, and the preferences are set to Epson, your file will not be printed. Instead, the file will be moved to a folder called “Spooler Rejected” in the Mac OS. To print the file, choose the proper printer driver in the PC environment and try again. Note: Data sent to the LPT1 port is automatically routed to the printer selected in the Chooser in the Mac OS.
3 Choose Preferences from the File menu. A dialog box appears. 4 Choose your settings as appropriate. The selection you make for “Interpret non-PostScript as” must match the type of printer you have specified in the PC environment. If the settings are mismatched, your printer may not function. In addition, the PCL option works only if the printer is set up to accept PCL commands. The selection you make for “When emulating an Epson printer” determines how much of a page is available for printing.
Using PC peripheral devices Because of the RS-422 implementation of the Macintosh, the following RS-232 signals are not available to the PC: m Carrier Detect (CD) m Data Set Ready (DSR) m Request to Send (RTS) m Ring Indicator (RI) Applications or peripheral devices requiring these signals won’t work with your DOS-compatible Macintosh.
Use the instructions in this chapter if you need to change settings for the PC environment. 6 Configuring the PC Environment This chapter explains how to configure the PC environment and change PC options using the PC Setup control panel. Your Macintosh comes with the PC environment already configured and ready to use. Read this chapter only if you want to change the way the PC environment is set up, or if you have reinstalled the DOS-compatibility software and need to reconfigure it.
Choosing settings To choose settings, follow these steps: 1 Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu. 2 Double-click the PC Setup control panel to open it. 3 When you have specified the settings you want, close the control panel. All settings except the setting for RAM take effect as soon as you make them. If you change the RAM setting, you must restart the Macintosh before the change can take effect.
Configuring the PC serial ports Your DOS-compatible Macintosh supports two serial ports, COM1 and COM2. You can assign these ports to an unused Macintosh printer port or modem port, to a text file for later processing, or to a setting of None. m To assign a Macintosh serial port to a COM port, make a selection in the COM port’s pop-up menu in the PC setup control panel. When you assign a port to a text file, you specify a name and location for the file in a dialog box that appears.
Setting the monitor The monitor connected to your Macintosh DOS-compatible system displays the environment (Mac OS or PC) you’re working in. Even though you see only one environment at a time, the other environment can still be active in the background. To set the monitor for the PC environment: m Choose a monitor type in the Display pop-up menu of the PC Setup control panel.
Setting shared memory You can install a 72-pin SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module) on the DOScompatibility card in your computer to give the card up to 32 MB of RAM for its exclusive use. When no memory module is installed, the card uses a portion of the RAM installed in your Macintosh. If your computer came with a memory module already installed on the DOS-compatibility card, you cannot share memory between the Mac OS and the PC environment.
Changing the amount of conventional memory Many DOS and Windows programs require conventional memory to run. At the same time, many device drivers and TSR (Terminate and Stay Resident) programs may be loaded into conventional memory. If you find that you do not have enough conventional memory to run some of your DOS or Windows programs, take the following steps. To increase Upper Memory Block (UMB) space to 122K instead of 64K, add the following line to your CONFIG.SYS file: DEVICE=C:\WINDOWS\EMM386.
Choosing shared folders or volumes You can set up a Mac OS folder, Macintosh hard disk, shared disk, or CD-ROM disc on a network to act as a PC drive. Sharing a folder on your Macintosh hard disk is a convenient way to transfer files between the Mac OS and the PC environment, especially if you are dealing with many files, or large files. You can share entire disks, or volumes.
Using shared folders Because two operating systems have access to each shared folder, you may notice a decrease in performance when using these folders for high-speed PC application programs such as multimedia programs, or during large file transfers between them. For optimum performance, place PC application programs and their files in the C or D drive rather than in a shared folder. The performance of Macintosh programs is unaffected if placed in shared folders.
Turning on PC sounds To have Sound Blaster and other PC sounds played through the Macintosh speaker or through headphones, you need to specify settings in both the PC Setup control panel and in the Sound control panel. Choosing a setting in the Sound pop-up menu The Sound pop-up menu in the PC Setup control panel gives you three choices: m To hear PC sounds in both the PC environment and the Mac OS, choose Enabled. m To hear PC sounds only when you’re in the PC environment, choose Auto Enabled.
The Sound Blaster card installed in your DOS-compatible Macintosh is not able to record sounds. The DOS-compatible Macintosh does not fully support Sound Blaster 8-bit, Sound Blaster 2.0, or Sound Blaster Pro drivers. If problems occur, use the Sound Blaster 16 driver that comes with your computer. Configuring drives C and D You use the C: and D: pop-up menus to create or select PC drives. Drive C is required; drive D is optional.
m To change the drive container for drive C or D, choose Other Drive File from the C: or D: pop-up menu, then locate the new drive container in the dialog box that appears. The change takes effect the next time you restart the PC environment. To have the change take place immediately, click the Restart PC button at the bottom of the control panel. m To use a PC drive or partition, choose Drive Partition from the C: or D: pop-up menu. A dialog box appears with a list of available partitions.
2 Double-click the container’s disk icon. The icon opens and you have access to the files inside it. You can now manipulate these files as you would any Mac OS files. Drive container may be read-only: If the PC environment is running, you won’t be able to add anything to the drive container from the Mac OS. If you need to add files to the drive container, shut down the PC environment from the PC Setup control panel and then do steps 1 and 2 above.
3 Locate the container in the Finder. 4 Open the container’s Info window and note the container’s size. To open the container’s Info window, select the container’s icon and choose Get Info from the File menu. 5 Close the Info window by clicking its close box. 6 Switch to the PC environment. 7 At the DOS C: prompt, type DIR. Note how much space is available. 8 Subtract the amount of available space on the drive from the container size. The number you get is the current size you need for storage.
11 Add the sums from steps 9 and 10. The resulting sum is the size that the new container should be. 12 Press x-Return to switch back to the Mac OS. Creating the new container Now that you know what size the container should be, you’re ready to create it. 1 Follow the instructions in “Configuring Drives C and D” earlier in this chapter to create a new container for drive D. You may need to remove some files from your hard disk to free enough space for the new container.
3 Press x-Return to switch back to the Mac OS when copying is finished. 4 In the PC Setup control panel, choose None from the D: pop-up menu. Doing so deallocates drive D. 5 Choose Other Drive File from the C: pop-up menu and select the container you just created. Your new container is now associated with drive C. 6 Click Restart PC at the bottom of the PC Setup control panel. 7 Click Switch to PC. 8 At the DOS prompt, type DIR. You should see a list of all the files you copied.
Understanding the status line The status line at the bottom of the control panel gives you messages about the status of the PC hardware and software. Messages can include any of the following: m DOS-compatibility card not present Your computer’s system software did not recognize the DOS-compatibility card installed in your computer. Reinstall the PC software according to the directions in Chapter 8.
Consult this chapter if you experience problems using the Mac OS. 7 Troubleshooting in the Macintosh Environment When you have questions If you want to know how to do a particular task in the Mac OS, refer to Macintosh Guide in the Guide (h) menu. For instructions on using Macintosh Guide, see Chapter 2 of this manual. If you have problems working in the PC environment on your Macintosh, see Chapter 8, “Troubleshooting in the PC Environment.” If you have questions about using DOS, see your DOS manual.
Take your time When you see an error message, you don’t have to take action immediately. The message stays on the screen until you click the OK (or Restart) button or turn off the Macintosh. To help diagnose and correct the problem, gather as much information on the situation as you can. Then follow the instructions in the next section, “Start Over.” m Make a note of exactly what you were doing when the problem occurred. Write down the message on the screen.
Start over Often you can eliminate a problem simply by clearing the computer’s memory and starting over. If you can, save any open documents before restarting the Macintosh. If your system is frozen and does not respond to anything you do, or if you have a “bomb” message on the screen, saving may not be possible. You can try pressing x-Option-Esc to quit the program in use when the problem occurred; if this works, you can then save the documents open in other programs before restarting.
Rebuild your desktop regularly A process known as “rebuilding the desktop” helps your Macintosh keep track of data on your disks. It’s a good idea to rebuild the desktop of your disks once a month or so, especially your startup disks. (Although you usually use the hard disk in your computer as a startup disk, you can also start up from any other disk that has system software installed.
Solutions to common problems The computer is turned on but the screen is dark. One of the following is probably the cause: m You have a screen saver program that darkens the screen when the computer has not been used for a certain period. Press a key or move the mouse to turn off the screen saver. m The monitor’s brightness control (¤) is not adjusted properly. Check the monitor’s brightness control and turn it up if necessary. m The Macintosh or the monitor is not getting power.
The computer’s clock keeps time inaccurately. Your computer has a clock that runs continuously. When the computer is turned off, a battery keeps the clock running. If your clock begins to keep time inaccurately, have your Apple-authorized service provider replace the battery. When you start up, a disk icon with a blinking question mark appears in the middle of the screen. This icon indicates that your Macintosh cannot find the system software it needs to start up.
A disk icon with an X appears in the middle of the screen, and a floppy disk is ejected from the disk drive. This icon indicates that the floppy disk you tried to start up from is not a startup disk. When you turn on your computer, it looks first in the floppy disk drive for a disk containing system software. If the disk in the drive does not contain system software, the computer ejects the disk and looks on its internal hard disk for system software. Wait a few seconds.
The Macintosh “hangs” or “freezes” during startup. If the Mac OS is sharing 16 MB or more of memory with the PC environment, and Disklight of Norton Utilities 3.1.1 is installed, the computer will freeze during startup. This does not occur with 8 MB or less shared memory. Restart the Macintosh using one of the techniques described in “Start Over” in the section “If You Have Trouble,” earlier in this chapter. Also open the PC Setup control panel and change the shared memory setting to 8 MB or less.
Icons do not appear correctly on your screen. You need to rebuild the desktop—a process that helps your Macintosh keep track of files and folders on your hard disks. For instructions, see “Rebuild Your Desktop Regularly” in the section “If You Have Trouble” earlier in this chapter. If icons do not appear correctly after you rebuild the desktop, restart your computer while pressing the Shift key to temporarily turn off system extensions.
You can’t start an application program or it quits unexpectedly. Or, when you try to open a program, you see a message that not enough memory is available. One of the following is probably the cause: m The Macintosh ran out of memory. Quit the programs that you have open and then open the program you want to use, or restart your Macintosh. Use the Memory control panel to turn on virtual memory.
A dialog box with a bomb appears. Your system has a software problem. m Note what you were doing when the message appeared, and write down the text of the message. m Restart your Macintosh. (See “Start Over” in the section “If You Have Trouble” earlier in this chapter for instructions.) Most software problems are temporary, and restarting usually corrects the problem. m If the problem recurs, check the startup disk and application program you were using when the dialog box appeared.
The pointer (8) doesn’t move when you move the mouse. One of the following situations is probably the cause. m Your system has a software problem. Try the following: Press x-Option-Esc to quit the application program in use when the problem occurred. If this works, you can save the documents open in other programs before restarting. m Follow the suggestions in the previous section, “A Dialog Box With a Bomb Appears.” m The mouse is not connected properly.
Typing on the keyboard produces nothing on the screen. One of the following is probably the cause: m Some system software features are turned on that affect the way the keyboard works. Use the Easy Access control panel to turn off Sticky Keys, Slow Keys, and Mouse Keys. m There is a software problem. Restart your Macintosh. For instructions, see “Start Over” in the section “If You Have Trouble” earlier in this chapter. Check the startup disk and application program you were using when the problem occurred.
You can’t open a document, or you see a message that an application program can’t be found. The Macintosh Easy Open control panel is not installed. This is a control panel that you can use to open documents when you don’t have the program that created them. Reinstall the control panel from the Macintosh Performa CD. (See the booklet that came with the CD.) m Some documents can be opened by more than one program.
You experience problems using a DOS document. If you can’t open a DOS document using a Macintosh program, try the following: m Open the document from within the program by choosing Open in the program’s File menu. m Use the PC Exchange control panel to specify which Macintosh program will open the document.
The Mac OS is running out of memory even though you aren’t running any PC programs. When sharing memory with the PC environment, the Macintosh allocates a portion of its memory to the PC environment. Because of this, the Mac OS may not be able to load all your system extensions, including the PC Setup control panel. If this problem occurs, try the following: m Add memory to the DOS-compatibility card, as described in Appendix B. m Decrease the shared memory setting.
Repairing a damaged disk If you see a message reporting that a disk is damaged or unreadable, you may need to repair the disk. Try these suggestions first If you can’t start up from a hard disk or you don’t see the hard disk icon on the desktop, try the following: m If the hard disk is internal, shut down your Macintosh, wait at least 10 seconds, and then turn it on again. m If the hard disk is external, make sure that it is turned on and that its cable is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh.
Starting up from a CD-ROM disc To test, repair, or initialize a hard disk, or to install system software on a hard disk, you need to start up your computer from another disk. You can start up your computer using the Macintosh Performa CD that came with your computer. The procedure for starting up from the CD varies depending on the condition of the system software on your hard disk. To find out which procedure to use, you must turn on your Macintosh.
If you see the Macintosh desktop 1 Press the Open/Close button of your CD-ROM drive to open the CD-ROM tray. 2 Place the Macintosh Performa CD disc in the tray with the disc label facing up. Make sure the disc is lying flat in the tray. 3 Push the tray in, or press the Open/Close button, to close the tray.
Problems starting up from the CD? If you’ve followed the steps in the previous sections and the Macintosh Performa CD icon does not appear on your screen, follow these steps: 1 Insert the CD into the tray. 2 Choose Restart from the Special menu. 3 Immediately press and hold down the Command (x), Shift, Option, and Delete keys. The computer bypasses the internal hard disk, and the Macintosh Performa CD icon appears on the desktop.
Checking for damage on your internal hard disk You can check for damage on your internal hard disk with the Internal HD Format program, which is on the Macintosh Performa CD that came with your computer. You can use Internal HD Format at any time to check for damaged blocks (segments of the hard disk that cannot reliably be used to store information). 1 Start up your computer from the Macintosh Performa CD. See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” earlier in this section.
How to repair a hard disk or floppy disk You can repair some types of disk damage by using the Disk First Aid program, which is on the Macintosh Performa CD that came with your computer. 1 Start up your computer from the Macintosh Performa CD. See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” earlier in this section. 2 Open the Disk First Aid icon. 3 Click the icon of the disk you want to test. Disk icons appear in a box at the top of the Disk First Aid window.
4 Click Repair to begin testing and repairing the disk. If you want to test and repair another disk, click its icon and then click Repair. 5 When testing and repair are done, choose Quit from the File menu. If Disk First Aid cannot correct the problem m Try repairing the disk again. Sometimes repeating the process corrects the problem. m Use another disk repair or recovery program. Some disk repair programs let you recover information from a damaged disk.
Initializing a hard disk The hard disk inside your computer was initialized (formatted for use) at the factory, so you shouldn’t need to initialize it. You need to initialize a hard disk only if m you purchase an uninitialized hard disk from another manufacturer m your hard disk is damaged WARNING Initializing a disk erases any information that may be on it. Before you initialize a damaged disk, try to repair it as described in “Repairing a Damaged Disk” earlier in this chapter.
Installing or reinstalling Mac OS system software System software is the set of programs and other files that your computer uses to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run the application programs you use. System software is kept in the System Folder. When you turn on your computer, it looks for a startup disk, which is a disk that contains the system software.
How to install or reinstall Mac OS system software You can install or reinstall system software by following the instructions in the Macintosh Performa CD booklet that came with your computer. If you’ve used Apple Backup to back up the contents of your hard disk, you can use Apple Restore to reinstall system software. For instructions, see “Restoring the Information on Your Hard Disk” in the section “Protecting the Information on a Disk” in Chapter 4.
Consult this chapter if you have problems using the PC environment on your Macintosh. 8 Troubleshooting in the PC Environment When you have questions Read this chapter when you have questions about using the PC environment on your Macintosh. If you have questions about using DOS or DOS application programs, see your DOS manual or the manuals that came with your programs.
When you try to switch to DOS, the screen is blank or has no synchronization. If the monitor has never worked in DOS, it is most likely not able to synchronize properly to the DOS video signal. Refer to the information in the Technical Information booklet on monitor specifications and video modes, and check with your monitor vendor to see if your monitor conforms to these specifications.
When you switch to the PC environment, you see this message: “Non-system disk or disk error. Replace and strike any key when ready.” The DOS-compatibility hardware can’t find DOS. Switch to the Mac OS by pressing x-Return, open the PC Setup control panel, and make sure drive C is assigned to a drive container. If not, follow the instructions under “Configuring Drives C and D” in Chapter 6. If drive C is assigned to a drive container, it may not be the drive container that holds DOS.
You switch to the PC environment and don’t know how to switch back to the Mac OS. Press x-Return at any time to switch to the Mac OS. Inserting a DOS-format disk in the Mac OS displays an initialization message. Macintosh PC Exchange may not be installed. In the Mac OS, look in the Control Panels folder for the Macintosh PC Exchange control panel. If you don’t find it, reinstall Macintosh PC Exchange from the floppy disks or CD-ROM disc that contains system software.
The PC Setup icon has a red slash through it at startup. If PC Setup doesn’t have enough memory to allocate to the PC environment at startup time, it will turn itself off. Check the Memory control panel for disk cache and RAM disk sizes; the disk cache should be set no higher than 128K, and the RAM disk should be turned off (or have a small amount of memory allocated to it). Restart the Macintosh if you change either of these settings.
The Mac OS is running out of memory even though you aren’t running any PC programs. When sharing memory with the PC environment, the Macintosh allocates a portion of its memory to the PC environment. Because of this, the Mac OS may not be able to load all your system extensions, including the PC Setup control panel. If this problem occurs, try the following: m Add memory to the DOS-compatibility card, as described in Appendix B. m Decrease the shared memory setting.
When you start up certain software in the PC environment, your monitor shows a jumbled image and the display appears to “roll.” A program that writes directly to the hardware (especially a game) may cause the Apple 13", 14", and 16" monitors to lose video synchronization at program startup. Call the program’s manufacturer to see if the program has a switch to force it to make BIOS calls (or see if an upgrade that has this feature is available). DOS begins to start up but then the screen freezes.
Reinstalling Mac OS software You’ll install several extensions and control panels in your System Folder. 1 Start up your Macintosh while holding down the Shift key. This starts the Macintosh with extensions turned off. 2 Insert the floppy disk named DOS Compatibility Installer Disk (for Mac OS Environment) into the floppy disk drive. If your computer has a built-in CD-ROM drive, and you don’t have this floppy disk, insert the Macintosh Performa CD that contains system software.
Creating a drive container A drive container is a file on a Macintosh hard disk that acts as a hard drive for the PC environment. You create a drive container using the PC Setup control panel. 1 Open the PC Setup control panel. 2 Choose New Drive File from the C: pop-up menu. A dialog box appears.
3 Choose a location for the drive container. The drive container can be on any hard disk attached to the Macintosh. At least 40 MB of free space is recommended. It’s best to locate the container at the root level of your hard disk (not in any folders or subfolders) so that you can find it easily. 4 Type a name for the drive container. You can type up to 31 characters. Use a descriptive name such as PC Drive or PC Container so that you can easily identify it.
Assigning RAM to the PC environment The PC environment needs memory to operate. You can provide memory with a SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module) installed on the DOScompatibility card in your computer, or by assigning RAM to the PC environment from your Macintosh. If a memory module is installed on the DOS-compatibility card, the RAM pop-up menu items in the PC Setup control panel will be dimmed (unavailable).
Reinstalling PC software You begin by installing the Microsoft MS-DOS operating system included with your computer. You can also install Microsoft Windows, if you wish. 1 In the Mac OS, open the PC Setup control panel and click Switch to PC. The Macintosh desktop disappears, and you see a message about a missing operating system or about a disk error. Ignore the message. 2 Insert the CD-ROM disc containing DOS and Windows software into the computer’s CD-ROM drive.
Installing additional PC software Your DOS-compatible computer comes with additional software utilities that you may want to install. The following table describes the function of each program. For more information on using these programs, see Chapter 5, “Operating in the PC Environment.” Program name Function DOSCLIP Lets you copy and paste between DOS and the Mac OS. WINCLIP Lets you copy and paste between Windows and the Mac OS.
Replacing the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files Your DOS-compatible software includes alternative versions of the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files that let you select from a variety of DOS memory-management options. Each time you start DOS, you will see a menu that asks if you want to optimize memory for just DOS, for a DOS program that requires maximum conventional memory, or for a DOS program that requires maximum expanded memory, or if you want to start Windows immediately.
If you do not intend to use software that requires expanded memory (EMS), make the following change: DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE NOEMS RAM=D000-EFFF If you do intend to use software that uses expanded memory, or you’re unsure what you may need in the future, make the following change: DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE RAM=D000-EFFF FRAME=D000 Depending on how you have reconfigured the file, your CONFIG.SYS file should look something like this: DEVICE=C:\DOS\SETVER.EXE DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.
Bypassing the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files at startup To bypass the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files during the startup process, press and hold down the F5 key (x-5 on non-extended keyboards) after the memory testing is complete. Reinstalling Sound Blaster software To install Sound Blaster software, follow these steps: 1 Insert the Sound Blaster Software Installation disk in the floppy disk drive while the PC environment is active. 2 From DOS, type A:INSTALL and press Return.
Read this appendix for important health and safety instructions, as well as tips on keeping your computer in good working order. Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips For your own safety and that of your equipment, follow all the instructions in this chapter. Keep these instructions available for reference by you and others.
Musculoskeletal discomfort As with any activity that involves sitting for long periods of time, using a computer can make your muscles sore and stiff. To minimize these effects, set up your work environment carefully, using the guidelines that follow, and take frequent breaks to rest tired muscles. To make working with your computer more comfortable, allow enough space in your work area so that you can change position frequently and maintain a relaxed posture.
Eye fatigue Eye fatigue can occur whenever the eyes are focused on a nearby object for a long time. This problem occurs because the eye muscles must work harder to view an object that’s closer than about 20 feet (6 meters). Improper lighting can hasten the development of eye fatigue. Although eye fatigue is annoying, there’s no evidence that it leads to permanent damage.
You may have to raise your chair so your forearms and hands are at the proper angle to the keyboard. If this makes it impossible to rest your feet flat on the floor, you can use a footrest with adjustable height and tilt to make up for any gap between the floor and your feet. Or you may lower the desktop to eliminate the need for a footrest. Another option is to use a desk with a keyboard tray that’s lower than the regular work surface. m Position the mouse at the same height as your keyboard.
Avoiding fatigue m Change your seated position, stand up, or stretch whenever you start to feel tired. Frequent short breaks are helpful in reducing fatigue. m Use a light touch when typing or using a mouse and keep your hands and fingers relaxed. m Some computer users may develop discomfort in their hands, wrists, or arms after intensive work without breaks. If you begin to develop chronic pain or discomfort in your hands, wrists, or arms, consult a qualified health specialist.
Safety instructions For your own safety and that of your equipment, always take the following precautions.
Handling your computer equipment Follow these guidelines for handling your computer and its components: m When setting up your computer, place components on a sturdy, flat surface, and carefully follow all setup instructions. m When connecting or disconnecting a cable, always hold the cable by its connector (the plug, not the cord). m Turn off your computer and all its components before connecting or disconnecting any cables to add or remove any component.
Handling the monitor Follow these procedures for handling a monitor: m Turn down the screen brightness control if you leave the computer turned on for extended periods. If the brightness is not turned down, the image on the screen could “burn in” and damage the screen. You can also use a “screen saver” program, which dims or varies the image on the screen when the computer has been idle for a specified period of time. These programs are available from independent suppliers and user groups.
Handling floppy disks Store disks at temperatures between 50° F and 125° F. Do not use a pencil or an eraser on a disk or disk label. Keep disks dry. 125° F (52° C) 50° F (10° C) Do not touch the exposed part of the disk behind the metal shutter. Keep disks away from magnets. Avoid exposing disks to extremely hot temperatures.
If you can’t eject a floppy disk If you can’t eject a floppy disk in the usual way, try the following in order: m Hold down the x and Shift keys and press the number 1 key on your keyboard to eject a disk in the internal disk drive. m Turn off the computer. If the disk isn’t ejected, then hold down the button on your mouse or other pointing device while you turn the computer on again.
Cleaning your equipment Follow these general rules when cleaning the outside of your computer and its components: m Use a damp, soft, lint-free cloth to clean the computer’s exterior. Avoid getting moisture in any openings. m Don’t use aerosol sprays, solvents, or abrasives. Cleaning the computer case To clean the case, do the following: 1 Turn off the computer completely and then disconnect the power plug. (Pull the plug, not the cord.
2 Turn the mouse upside down and turn the plastic ring on the bottom counterclockwise to disengage it. If you have an older mouse, you may need to press the plastic ring (rather than turn it) to disengage it. If the mouse is locked, see the next section, “Locking and Unlocking the Mouse,” for instructions on how to unlock it. 3 Turn the mouse right-side up with one hand and catch the ring and the ball with your other hand.
8 Put the ball and the ring back in place. Your mouse should roll smoothly across your mouse pad or desk. If it doesn’t, repeat these instructions carefully. Locking and unlocking the mouse Some mouse devices can be locked so that the ball can’t be removed. A locking mouse has a small hole on the plastic ring. To lock the mouse, follow these steps: 1 Insert a straightened paper clip into the hole on the plastic ring. Insert a straightened paper clip into this hole.
To unlock the mouse, follow these steps: 1 Insert a straightened paper clip into the hole on the plastic ring. Insert a straightened paper clip into this hole. (The hole may be located here on your mouse.) 2 Press down on the paper clip while you turn the ring counterclockwise. Turn the ring a very short distance. When the recessed area on the ring is lined up with the recessed area surrounding the ring, the mouse is unlocked.
Read this appendix for instructions on installing an expansion card in your computer or memory for the PC environment. Appendix B Installing an Expansion Card or Memory for the PC Environment Expansion cards are printed circuit boards that can be installed in your computer to give it special capabilities, such as enhanced video, networking and communications, and additional processing power.
If your computer does not already have a SIMM installed on the DOS-compatibility card, you can add a SIMM that provides up to 32 megabytes (MB) of RAM for the exclusive use of your PC. The SIMM that your card uses is the same type of SIMM that your computer uses. Follow the instructions in this appendix to install a SIMM. WARNING To avoid damage to your computer, Apple recommends that only an Apple-certified technician install additional RAM.
m a video-in slot for a card that brings signals into the computer from a videocassette recorder (VCR), laserdisc player, video camera, or similar equipment Video-in slot Communication slot Vertical plate LC-compatible PDS slot (with DOS-compatibility card installed) Note: This appendix contains instructions for installing a communication card and a SIMM. To install a video input card or a TV tuner card, follow the instructions that came with the kit or card.
Opening the computer 1 Shut down your computer by choosing Shut Down from the Special menu. You can also press the Power key on the keyboard. 2 Unplug all the cables except the power cord from your computer. Leaving the power cord plugged in helps protect the computer from damage caused by electrostatic discharge.
5 If there are security screws on the vertical plate on the back of the computer, remove them with a Phillips screwdriver. If there are security screws, remove both screws from the vertical plate. 6 Unplug the power cord from your computer. 7 Swing the handle out from its storage position. Then grasp the handle and gently but firmly pull it toward you. The vertical plate and the logic board to which it’s attached slide all the way out of the computer.
Installing a communication card 1 If your communication card has ports for connecting equipment, remove the plastic access cover from the vertical plate. Push the two plastic tabs apart and pull off the metal retainer so the access cover can come off. Metal retainer Vertical plate Communication slot 2 Remove the communication card from its static-proof bag. Hold the card by its edges to avoid touching any connectors on the card.
4 Align the card over the communication slot. Vertical plate Communication port access hole 5 Communication slot Press down on the card until the connector is solidly in place. Don’t force the card. If you meet resistance, pull the card out and try again. To see if the card is properly connected, lift it gently. If it resists and stays in place, it’s connected.
Removing a SIMM If your computer has a SIMM already installed on the DOS-compatibility card, follow these steps to remove it. 1 Pull the metal clips at either end of the SIMM away from the SIMM. Use your fingernails. To release the SIMM, move the metal clip on each side away from the SIMM. Rotate the SIMM away from its vertical position to disengage it from the SIMM slot. SIMM slot 2 142 Appendix B Rotate the SIMM until it is at a slight angle.
3 Gently pull the SIMM out of its slot. Hold the SIMM only by its sides. Don’t touch the connectors along the bottom edge. Pull the SIMM out of the SIMM slot. (It comes out at a slight angle.) Handle the SIMM by the sides only, so that you don’t touch the connectors along the bottom edge.
Installing a SIMM 1 Remove the SIMM from its static-proof bag. Handle the SIMM by its edges. Avoid touching the connectors. 2 Insert the SIMM into the SIMM slot on the DOS-compatibility card assembly, as shown in the illustration. (Your SIMM may have components on one or both sides, as shown.) Insert the SIMM into the SIMM slot. (Insert the SIMM at a slight angle.) The SIMM fits into the slot only one way. Make sure the notch on the SIMM is on this side.
3 Rotate the SIMM gently to the back until you feel it snap into place. Rotate the SIMM back until it snaps into place. The plastic pin on the SIMM slot should engage the hole in the SIMM. Be sure that the metal clips snap into place.
Closing the computer 1 Slip the base of the logic board into the guide rails inside the computer case and swing the handle back into its storage position. Make sure the logic board slides into the guides that are on both sides of the computer’s interior. Swing the handle up, into its storage position.
2 Press the reset button on the logic board, and then slide the logic board back into the computer. Note: When you press the reset button, some of your computer’s software settings will change. You may want to open the control panels for the date and time, keyboard, and mouse to make sure that they are set the way you want them. For more information about working with control panels, see the “Setting Options” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
4 Slip the three hooks at the base of the back panel into the grooves in the computer case. Slip the three hooks on the back panel into the grooves in the computer case. 5 Swing the back panel up and snap it into place. Snap the plastic back panel into place. 6 Plug the cables back into the computer. 7 Reconnect the power cord. Your computer is now ready to turn on and use. WARNING Never turn on your computer unless all of its internal and external parts are in place.
Read this appendix to learn how to use the special keys on your keyboard. Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard Your computer keyboard contains certain special keys that typewriter keyboards don’t have. Many of these keys allow you to give commands to the computer without using the mouse. For example, in many application programs, pressing the x (Command) key at the same time as the Q key lets you quit a program. The following table describes what you can do with the special keys on your keyboard.
Special keys on Apple keyboards (continued) Control key control Delete key Use to delete selected material, or the character to the left of the insertion point. delete Enter key enter Escape key esc Function keys F1 Option key Numeric keys alt option num lock = / 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 clear * Use to produce numbers and mathematical symbols; some programs use these keys as function keys to initiate actions. Use to produce capital letters (or the upper character on the key).
Typing special characters and symbols In the Mac OS, you can type a variety of international and other special symbols and characters (including characters with diacritical marks, such as accents) by pressing combinations of keys. The Key Caps program, which is installed with your system software, shows you the characters produced when you type certain keys and key combinations in the fonts available on your computer. Choose Key Caps from the Apple (K) menu, then choose the font from the Key Caps menu.
If you see rectangles: If you see rectangles instead of diacritical marks on some of the pictures of keys in Key Caps, try pressing Option-x to see the diacritical marks. However, you only need to use the Option key (not Option-x) in combination with the other keys to type letters with diacritical marks. If you press the Option key at the same time as a key for a specific diacritical mark and then release both keys, Key Caps outlines in bold the keys for letters that can be typed with that mark.
Read this appendix for instructions on installing PC network management software. Appendix D Installing Network Management Software The DOS-compatibility card inside your computer supports network drivers that conform to Novell’s Open Data-Link Interface (ODI). This appendix contains instructions for installing such network management software.
In addition, you need to know the Ethernet frame type in use on your network segment. You must choose the appropriate frame type in Step 11 below. If you are not certain which one to select, ask your network administrator before you begin the installation. 1 Insert the NetWare Client for DOS WSDOS_1 disk into the disk drive. 2 At the DOS prompt, type the following: A: INSTALL 3 The NetWare Client Install screen appears. Follow the instructions on screen, pressing Return for each selection.
12 Use the arrow keys to choose the appropriate frame type for the Novell server you will be using. 13 Press Return. Then press Esc to continue. 14 Press Return to copy the MACODI.COM driver to the NetWare subdirectory. 15 Following the instructions on the screen, insert the NetWare Client for DOS WSDOS_1 disk again. 16 If you wish to add files and a NetWare group to the Windows directory, insert the NetWare Client for MS Windows WSWIN_1 disk and follow the instructions on the screen.
Conserving memory During NetWare client installation, you add the line CALL C:\NWCLIENT\STARTNET.BAT to the beginning of the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. This command then loads four programs into DOS memory—LSL.COM, MACODI.COM, IPXODI.COM, and VLM.EXE (in this order). To conserve memory in the lower DOS region, you may wish to edit the STARTNET.BAT file (installed with your NetWare software) to load those four programs with the LOADHIGH (LH) command.
Installing Novell’s LAN Workplace for DOS TCP/IP software IMPORTANT You must not have MacTCP installed when you run DOS TCP/IP software; the two will conflict with one another. You can use the IPX and TCP protocols at the same time in the PC environment or in the Mac OS, or you can use one protocol in the PC environment and the other protocol in the Mac OS. However, you cannot use the same protocol in both environments at the same time.
m If you are on a network with a subnet mask, you need the IP address for that mask; for example: m 255.0.0.0 for client Class A IP addresses (those between 0.0.0.1 and 127.255.255.254) m 255.255.0.0 for client Class B IP addresses (those between 128.0.0.1 and 191.255.255.254) m 255.255.255.0 for client Class C IP addresses (those between 192.0.0.1 and 223.255.255.254) m If you will connect to a TCP/IP host through a router, you need to know the IP address for that router.
Installing NetManage’s Chameleon TCP/IP software IMPORTANT You must not have MacTCP installed when you run DOS TCP/IP software; the two will conflict with one another. You can use the IPX and TCP protocols at the same time in the PC environment or in the Mac OS, or you can use one protocol in the PC environment and the other protocol in the Mac OS. However, you cannot use the same protocol in both environments at the same time.
To install Chameleon from Windows: 1 In the Program Manager, choose Run from the File menu. 2 Type A:\SETUP. Follow the on-screen instructions and prompts. Near the end of the installation, you will be asked to respond to a series of dialog boxes. Respond as follows: ADD INTERFACE Click OK. INTERNET ADDRESS Enter the address provided by your network administrator or service provider. SUBNET MASK Click OK. The software will supply the correct mask. HOST NAME Select a name for your client machine.
10 Modify the NET.CFG file. A sample modified file is shown below. Note the addition of the Protocol statements in the Link Driver section and the addition of the Protocol TCP/IP section. The frame types and IP addresses used in your environment may be different from this example. Link Driver MACODI Protocol IPX E0 ETHERNET_802.2 Frame ETHERNET_802.2 Frame Ethernet_II ; Frame Ethernet_802.
Restarting Windows 1 Restart the PC environment. 2 Start Windows. You see the Chameleon group window. Testing the installation If you will be using a direct connection to a domain name server, you can test the installation by using the Ping application program. 1 Double-click the Custom icon in the Chameleon group to open it. 2 Double-click the Ping icon. 3 Click Start. 4 Enter the name for a domain name server. You should get a response back within a few seconds.
Installing Windows for Workgroups To support networking with your DOS-compatibility hardware, you need to install software that supports ODI (Open Data-Link Interface) drivers. Follow these steps: 1 Install Windows for Workgroups 3.1.1, electing to not install the networking software. 2 Follow the instructions in “Installing NetWare Client Software,” earlier in this appendix. 3 Follow the instructions in “Installing NetManage’s Chameleon TCP/IP Software,” earlier in this appendix.
If your computer is using a VGA driver, and your Air Series software is version 3.0, you need to make the following change. (These instructions assume that you have Windows installed in the C:\WINDOWS directory. If Windows is elsewhere, type the actual Windows location.) 1 Make sure the Air Series Setup disk is not read-only. 2 Place the disk in drive A. 3 Type the following at the DOS prompt: A: COPY SETUP.BMP SETUP.OLD COPY C:\WINDOWS\RIVETS.BMP A:SETUP.
To install Air Series from Windows: 1 In the Program Manager, open the File menu and choose Run. 2 Type A:\SETUP. Follow the instructions you see on the screen. 3 When the installation asks you to select the Ethernet card manufacturer and type, choose anything. Note the name of the adapter you select (for example, 3Com is 3C5x9). The Apple driver is not on the list, so you will need to edit the AUTOEXEC.BAT file after completing the installation.
7 Restart the PC environment. 8 Log into the network and start Windows. You should now see the Air Series group window. Testing the installation To test the installation: 1 Double-click the Air Telnet icon to open it. An Open Telnet Session dialog box appears. 2 Double-click the name of your domain name server. You see a VT100 window with a log-in prompt.
Installing Mosaic IMPORTANT You must not have MacTCP installed when you run DOS TCP/IP software; the two will conflict with one another. You can use the IPX and TCP protocols at the same time in the PC environment or in the Mac OS, or you can use one protocol in the PC environment and the other protocol in the Mac OS. However, you cannot use the same protocol in both environments at the same time.
6 In the New Program Object dialog box, select Program Item. 7 Fill in the Program Item Properties dialog box as follows: Description: Mosaic Command Line: C:\MOSAIC\MOSAIC.EXE Working Directory: C:\MOSAIC 8 Click OK. A Mosaic icon appears in the Win32 Applications group window. 9 Copy the C:\MOSAIC\MOSAIC.INI directory to the C:\WINDOWS\ directory. You are now ready to use Mosaic.
If you can’t find what you’re looking for in this index, look in Macintosh Guide— available in the Guide (h) menu on your computer. Index x-5, for bypassing CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.
application programs, Macintosh 36–38 activating 13 active, identifying 13, 37 additional, on hard disk 35 can’t be found 92 compatibility with system software 88, 91 disk repair (Disk First Aid) 100–101 disk test, for internal hard disk (internal HD format) 99 help with 15 how to quit when system freezes 81 installing 36 memory problems with 88 opening 13, 37 open, listed 37 performance of 107 quitting unexpectedly 88–89 requiring FPU 88 screen saver program 83, 128 switching between 13, 37 troubleshooting
C cables checking keyboard 91 checking mouse 90 connecting monitor 5 connecting mouse and keyboard 6–7 custom, for serial ports 61 and safety concerns 127 cable television, TV tuner expansion card for 32 capital letters 149, 150 Caps Lock key 149 card.
commands assigning to function keys 150 shortcuts for 27–28, 149, 150 x-Shift-1, for ejecting floppy disk in Macintosh environment 130 communication card 135–141, 146–148 access cover for 32 installation warning 137 opening computer for 138–139 slot for 137, 140 compatibility problems. See specific programs; troubleshooting in Macintosh environment; troubleshooting in PC environment COM ports, configuring 65 compression programs, incompatible 119 computer case. See case CONFIG.
diacritical marks, typing, in Macintosh environment 152 dialog boxes 81 dial-up service, using with Chameleon TCP/IP software 162 dimmed icons 37 discs. See audio CDs; Macintosh Performa CD Disk First Aid program 100–101 disk icons with blinking question mark 9, 84, 103 for hard disk 9, 13, 86 with X in center 85 Disklight, compatibility problems with 86 disk repair program (Disk First Aid) 100–101 disks.
Enter key 150 Epson print drivers, limitations of 58, 60 erasing drive file in PC environment 69 floppy disks by initializing 87 hard disk by initializing 102 selected material 150 ergonomics 121–125 error messages. See troubleshooting in Macintosh environment; troubleshooting in PC environment Escape key 150 expanded memory 44–45, 118–119.
restarting PC environment from 46, 49 Sound Blaster Software Installation 120 troubleshooting, in Macintosh environment 87 troubleshooting, in PC environment 46 using, in PC environment 46 folders as drive letters in PC environment 49–50 sharing, between environments 69–70, 117 format, document, troubleshooting problems with 70 FORMAT command and shared volumes 69 formatting floppy disks in Macintosh environment 87 in PC environment 46 formatting hard disk 102 FPU (floating-point unit) 88 frozen system in M
headphone jack 29 sound output port 30 headphones, listening to PC sounds in 71–72 health concerns 121–125. See also safety instructions avoiding fatigue 125 cumulative stress disorders (CTDs) 122 electromagnetic emissions 125 eye fatigue 123 musculoskeletal discomfort 122 office arrangement and 123–124 repetitive stress injuries (RSIs) 121, 122 help.
installing system software 111–116 DOS-compatibility software 111–117 Macintosh (Mac OS) 103–104, 112 Internal HD Format program 99, 102 IPX networking protocol, requirements for 55–56 J joystick connecting 33 port for 30 K keyboard handling guidelines for 128 installing 6–7 in PC environment 48–49 troubleshooting 91 keyboard cable 6 checking 91 keyboard commands for DOSCLIP “clipboard” 51–53 keyboard shortcuts 27–28 for switching between environments 43 Key Caps program 151–152 keys, special 149–150 L L
Macintosh PC Exchange control panel 92, 93 installing 112 PC drives and 72–73 Macintosh Performa CD 38.
monitor cable 5 monitor port 30 Mosaic software 167–168 mouse cleaning 131–133 holding 12 installing 6–7 locking 133 moving 12–13 moving arrow with 12–13 position of 12 shortcuts with 27–28 troubleshooting 12–13, 90 troubleshooting, in PC environment 55 unlocking 134 using, in PC environment 48 mouse button 12 simulating, in PC environment 48 mouse cable 6 checking 90 Mouse Keys setting (Easy Access control panel), problems with 91 mouse pad 13 moving arrow on screen 12–13 insertion point with keys 150 Maci
P PageUp and PageDown keys in PC environment 49 partitions, creating, in PC drives 72 pasting information between environments 50–55 installing software for 117 PC Clipboard extensions 112 “PC Clipboard requires additional system services” message 109 PC drives. See also PC environment changing size of drive files for 74–77 configuring 72–73 creating drive files for 113–114 erasing drive files for 69 read-only 74 using files as 72–73 PC environment. See also PC drives CD-ROM discs in 47 configuring.
performance in PC environment games, multimedia, and MIDI programs 56 network 56 printing, in Windows 58 shared folders and 70 troubleshooting 107 Performa Tutorial, starting 12–13 peripheral devices Macintosh, in PC environment 57–60 PC 61 PICT files, copying and pasting, between environments 50, 54–55 installing software for 117 plugging in computer 1–2, 83 and safety concerns 126, 127 pointer “frozen” 90 how to move 12–13 setting insertion point with 91 ports 30 Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) 7, 91 poster, setu
R radio and television interference vii RAM (random-access memory). See memory; random-access memory (RAM); Single Inline Memory Modules (SIMMs) random-access memory (RAM).
SCSI devices ID numbers on 95 terminating chain of 95 troubleshooting 84, 86, 95 SCSI port 30 security lock port 30 serial ports in PC environment 57, 61 configuring 65 service and support adding memory 34 DOS-compatibility card 105 for hard disk initialization failure 102 installing expansion card 137 sources of 15 startup problems 85 setting up computer 1–8 setup poster 2 shared disk, volume, or CD-ROM drive 69 icon for 70 installing software for 117 shared files and resource forks 70 shared folders 69–70
standby power button (on/off switch) 2, 30 starting PC environment 43 automatically 43–44 bypassing CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files when 120 from floppy disk 46, 49 starting up 8–9.
title bar (windows) 13 tone, computer startup 2 Topics button (Macintosh Guide window) 19–20 trackball, using, in PC environment 48 transferring files between environments 69–70 installing software for 117 Trash icon 13 troubleshooting.
troubleshooting in PC environment 105–120.
V VCR, video input card for 30 ventilation 127, 128 very low frequency (VLF) emissions 125 VGA monitor 56 videocassette recorder, video input card for 30 video drivers for PC environment, reinstalling 120 video input card 32 installing 137 video-in slot 137 Video Monitor program 36 virtual memory 88 volume buttons 29 volume, controlling 29, 33 volumes as drive letters in PC environment 49–50 sharing between environments 69–70, 117 W, X, Y, Z WINCLIP program 117 windows bringing to front 13 hiding or showin
The Apple Publishing System This Apple manual was written, edited, and produced on a desktop publishing system using Apple Macintosh computers and QuarkXPress. Technical illustrations were drawn in Adobe™ Illustrator; screen shots were created and modified with system software, ExposurePro, Aldus SuperPaint, and Adobe Photoshop. Proof pages were created on Apple LaserWriter printers and on QMS and Tektronix color printers.
