Macintosh Performa User’s Guide Includes setup, troubleshooting, and important health-related information for Macintosh Performa 500 series computers
K Apple Computer, Inc. © 1994 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
Contents Communications regulation information 1 Getting Started vi 1 Plugging in the computer 1 Installing an expansion card 3 Connecting the mouse and keyboard Connecting other equipment 4 6 Turning the computer on for the first time What’s next? 10 Learning the basics Reviewing the basics 11 12 Turning the computer off 13 Turning the computer on 13 Where to find answers 2 Getting Help 7 14 15 Getting answers to your questions Identifying objects on the screen Learning useful shor
3 Expanding Your Computer and Using Special Features Your computer at a glance 28 Where to connect additional equipment 29 Using the sound control buttons on your computer 30 Using the screen control buttons on your computer 31 Using the built-in microphone Connecting to a network Expanding memory 32 33 34 Installing internal drives 34 4 Using Programs and Backing Up Disks Installing application programs 35 36 Working with several programs at a time Protecting the information on a disk 37
Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 75 Health-related information about computer use Safety instructions 80 Handling your computer equipment Cleaning your equipment Opening the computer Closing the computer 87 88 91 93 Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard Index 81 85 Appendix B Installing an Expansion Card Installing the card 75 95 97 Contents v
Communications regulation information FCC statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected. Radio and television interference The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy.
DOC statement DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.
Macintosh Performa computer Keyboard cable (built into the keyboard) Keyboard Your computer may come with either of these keyboards, depending on which Performa model you have.
Follow the instructions in this chapter to set up your computer and learn the basics. 1 Getting Started The illustration on the facing page shows all the equipment you will need to set up your computer and begin using it. Place your equipment on a sturdy, flat surface near a grounded wall outlet.
When you are ready to begin, follow these steps: 1 Plug the socket end of the power cord into the recessed power plug (marked with the symbol ≤) on the back of the computer. Make sure at least one end of the power cord is within easy reach so that you can unplug the computer when you need to. IMPORTANT To protect both yourself and the computer from electrical hazards, the computer should remain turned off until you are finished connecting its parts. Check the power switch at the back of the computer.
2 Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip. Socket end of the power cord Power cord plug WARNING This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded. Your Macintosh is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC outlet. This is a safety feature.
Connecting the mouse and keyboard You have a choice of several keyboards for your Macintosh. The way you connect the mouse and keyboard depends on whether the keyboard has a separate cable or a built-in cable. Connecting a keyboard with a built-in cable 1 Plug the mouse cable into the recessed port on the back of the keyboard. The plug and the port are marked with the ◊ icon (symbol). The positions of the port and icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured.
Connecting a keyboard with a separate cable 1 Plug the mouse cable into the port on either side of the keyboard. Most right-handed people prefer to use the mouse with their right hand; most left-handed people prefer to use their left hand. Plug the mouse into the port on the side you prefer. The plug and the port are marked with the ◊ icon (symbol). Align the symbols before you insert the plug. (The positions of the port and icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured here.
Connecting other equipment If you are new to the Macintosh, it’s a good idea to get some experience using your computer before you connect other equipment, such as a printer or scanner. To learn basic Macintosh skills, continue with the instructions in this chapter. When you’re ready to connect other equipment to your Macintosh, see the instructions in Chapter 3.
Turning the computer on for the first time To turn the computer on for the first time, follow these steps: 1 Press the top of the power switch at the back of the computer. The top of the switch is marked with the symbol i. 2 Press the Power key (marked with a triangle) on your keyboard.
3 Check to see what’s on your screen. m If you see the Macintosh desktop, as in the illustration below, your system software has already been installed, and your computer is ready to use. Skip now to the section “What’s Next?” later in this chapter. Hard disk icon Macintosh desktop m If you see a blinking question mark, you need to install system software on your computer’s hard disk. (System software is the set of programs your computer uses to start itself up.
Problems turning your computer on? If the screen is dark, check these items to see if you can identify the problem: m Is the computer turned on? The power-on light on the front of the computer should be on. Make sure the top of the power switch on the back of the computer is pressed in.
What’s next? Congratulations! You’ve finished setting up your computer. Now continue with one of the following steps: m If you are new to the Macintosh, turn to the next section, “Learning the Basics.” m If you are an experienced Macintosh user, turn to Chapter 2, “Getting Help,” to learn about Macintosh Guide, your main source of information when you’re working with the Macintosh.
Learning the basics If you are new to the Macintosh, you should begin by looking at the easy-to-use program called the Performa Tutorial. The two-part tutorial teaches you the basic skills you’ll need to use your computer. To start the tutorial, follow these steps: 1 Slide your mouse along your mouse pad or desk. Hold the mouse as shown, with the cable pointing away from you. Don’t press the mouse button (under your index finger).
If you run out of room on your mouse pad or desk while moving the mouse, pick up the mouse and place it where there’s more room. (The arrow on the screen moves only when the mouse is in contact with the mouse pad or desk.) 3 Without moving the mouse, click the mouse button. A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial. You can set this book aside for now and follow the instructions on the screen. When you have completed both parts of the tutorial, return to this book.
Turning the computer off To turn the computer off, you choose Shut Down from the Apple (K) menu. Detailed instructions follow. (Note: The Shut Down command is also available in the Special menu.) 1 Move the tip of the arrow to the Apple (K) menu at the top left of the screen. 2 With the tip of the arrow on the apple, press and hold down the mouse button.
Where to find answers When you have questions about using your Macintosh, there are several places you can look for answers. In this book Macintosh Performa User’s Guid e Use this book to help you set up your computer and learn about it, or to find solutions to problems. In the Guide menu The Guide menu (marked with the h icon) is your main source of information about the Macintosh. To learn how to get different kinds of help from the Guide menu, see Chapter 2 in this book.
Use the instructions in this chapter to learn about the help available to you in the Guide menu. 2 Getting Help The Guide menu is your main source of information when you’re working with your computer. The menu is identified by a question mark (h) in the upper-right corner of the screen.
Getting answers to your questions When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu. 1 Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose Finder to make it the active application program. A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program. 2 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Macintosh Guide. The Macintosh Guide window appears.
3 Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For. Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information: m Topics lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of contents in a book. m Index lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it is like the index in a book. m Look For lets you search for information related to a specific word or phrase that you type.
2 Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics. When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window. To get instructions, click a question… …and then click OK. 3 Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click here.
Getting answers with the Index button 1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button. An alphabetical list of subjects appears on the left side of the window. Slider Scroll bar 2 Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible. You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or by using the scroll bar at the right of the list. 3 Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.
4 Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK. Or double-click the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click here. 5 Click here to see the next step (if there is one). Read and follow the instructions in the window. Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected.
Getting answers with the Look For button 1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button. A small box appears on the left side of the window, where you can type text. To activate the text box, click here. Type a word or phrase in the text box… …and then click here. 2 Click the arrow button to activate the text box. 3 Type “sound” in the text box and then click Search.
4 Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or doubleclick the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to close Macintosh Guide, click here. Click here to see the next step (if there is one). 5 Read and follow the instructions in the window. Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected.
Tips for using Macintosh Guide Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively: m Macintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide menu) and choose Finder.
Identifying objects on the screen Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself, “What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as Balloon Help. Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other items on the Macintosh screen in balloons like those you see in comic strips. Follow these steps to use Balloon Help: 1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Show Balloons.
Learning useful shortcuts You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it. Follow these steps to learn keyboard and mouse shortcuts: 1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Shortcuts. The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears. 2 Click one of the category buttons.
3 Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected. Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the next window (if there is one). 4 26 Chapter 2 When you finish reading about the shortcuts for your category, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window. Or click the close box in the upper-left corner to close the window.
Read this chapter for information on expanding your computer system with additional hardware and using special features of your computer. 3 Expanding Your Computer and Using Special Features Read this chapter to learn how to connect additional equipment to your Macintosh.
Your computer at a glance This illustration shows a basic Macintosh Performa 500 series system. You can expand your computer system by connecting additional hardware (such as a printer, modem, or scanner). Built-in microphone - Sound control buttons Use these buttons to change the volume of the computer’s sound. ¸ Screen control buttons Use these buttons to lighten or darken your screen. Color Trinitron display Supports up to thousands of colors.
Where to connect additional equipment The illustration on this page shows where equipment should be connected to your computer. For instructions on connecting equipment such as a printer or scanner, see the manual that came with the equipment. ≤ Power plug Hard disk drive (internal) Hole for optional security screw You can use the screws that came with your computer to secure the back panel (so that a screwdriver is required to open the computer).
Using the sound control buttons on your computer There are two sets of buttons on the front of your Macintosh. The set on the right (marked with the - icon) is for sound control. You can use these buttons to increase or decrease the volume of the sound your Macintosh plays: m Press the button at the top to make the sound louder. m Press the button on the bottom to make the sound softer. - Sound control buttons You can also adjust the sound by using the Sound control panel.
Using the screen control buttons on your computer You can adjust the level of light and dark on the screen of your built-in monitor by using the screen control buttons on your computer (marked with the ¸ icon). m Press the button at the top to lighten your screen. m Press the button at the bottom to darken your screen.
Using the built-in microphone Your Macintosh comes with a built-in microphone for recording live sounds. The microphone is highly sensitive. Once you’ve turned it on (which you do with a sound-recording application program), it can pick up sounds within a range of several feet. For information on recording sound, see the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. Built-in microphone WARNING Do not stick any small objects into the built-in microphone.
Connecting to a network If your computer has an optional Ethernet card, you can connect your Macintosh to any standard high-speed Ethernet network. You can connect your Macintosh to an existing Ethernet network that uses thin coaxial cables, 10BASE-T twisted pair cables, thick coaxial cables, or other standard cables. You may need to purchase an appropriate Apple Ethernet media adapter or other compatible media adapter to connect your Macintosh to a network.
Expanding memory The random-access memory (RAM) in your computer can be expanded. Installing additional RAM adds more memory chips to your computer and expands its capabilities. The Technical Information booklet that came with your computer describes how much additional memory can be installed in your Macintosh. Memory for your computer is provided in packages called Single Inline Memory Modules (SIMMs).
Read this chapter to learn how to work with application programs and protect the information on your disks. 4 Using Programs and Backing Up Disks Your computer came installed with several ready-to-use application programs. You can open these programs by clicking their buttons in the Launcher. The Apple Extras folder on your hard disk (or the Macintosh Performa CD) contains other programs (some of which must be installed before they will work), including the following: m AppleScript.
Installing application programs You’ll probably want to buy and install additional application programs. See the manuals you receive with your programs for instructions on installing and using them. In most cases, you’ll install an application program on your internal hard disk from floppy disks that contain the program. The following illustration shows how to insert a floppy disk in your computer’s floppy disk drive. Insert the floppy disk, metal end first, into the floppy disk drive of your computer.
Working with several programs at a time You can open as many application programs and desk accessories as your computer’s memory allows. All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar. The name of the active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar. The Finder icon Commands to hide or display open windows A checkmark indicates the active program.
Hiding and showing windows on the desktop You can hide all windows except those of the active program by choosing Hide Others from the Application menu. The other programs remain open even though their windows are hidden. When you switch to another program, its windows become visible again. If you want to see all the open windows, choose Show All from the Application menu.
If your computer does not have a CD-ROM drive, use the application program Apple Backup to copy the entire contents of your Macintosh hard disk to floppy disks. Keeping this backup copy up-to-date will protect you in case information on your hard disk is accidentally lost or damaged. You should update your backup copy at least once a month, and in between full backups you should store copies of important documents on floppy disks.
Using Apple Backup for the first time WARNING Do not attempt to back up your Macintosh with disks that have been preformatted for an IBM-compatible personal computer. To use Apple Backup for the first time, follow these steps: 1 Click the Applications grouping button in the Launcher. The buttons for applications available in the Launcher are grouped under the Applications button. 2 Click the Apple Backup button in the Launcher window. The Apple Backup program opens. 3 Click the Continue button.
4 Make sure your floppy disks are high-density. Then click the Continue button. A message appears, telling you how many disks you need to make the copy and approximately how long it will take. Make sure you have enough time and disks to complete the copying. If you stop the copying before it’s finished, you’ll have to start over again from the beginning. 5 Click the appropriate button, as follows: m If you have enough disks to copy everything, then click the Copy All Files button.
Using Apple Backup to update your backup copy Keeping your backup copy up-to-date will protect you in case information on your hard disk is accidentally lost or damaged. To make an updated backup copy, you can use the floppy disks that contain your original backup copy, or you can preserve your original backup copy and use another set of floppy disks. If you are using a fresh set of floppy disks, follow the instructions in the previous section, “Using Apple Backup for the First Time.
5 Click the Continue button. A message appears, showing you how to identify the high-density floppy disks you need. 6 Make sure your floppy disks are high-density. Then click the Continue button. A message appears, telling you how many disks you will need to copy all files on your hard disk, or to copy just the System Folder. It also tells you approximately how long it will take to make the copy.
10 Click the Continue button. If there is a problem with the disk, a message appears. Otherwise, copying takes place automatically. A sound alerts you when it’s time to insert another disk. 11 When the disk is ejected, lock and label it. To lock a disk, turn it label-side down and use a pen or your fingernail to slide the tab in the lower-right corner of the disk so that the square hole is open. 12 Repeat steps 7 through 11 for each disk in your stack of backup disks.
Using Apple Restore To restore information from the backup floppy disks you made with Apple Backup, follow these steps: 1 Get the Utilities floppy disk that came with your computer and the floppy disks that you made when you used Apple Backup. 2 Make sure your Macintosh is turned off. 3 Insert the Utilities floppy disk into the floppy disk drive, then turn on your Macintosh. It takes several moments for your computer to start up from the Utilities disk. 4 Locate the Apple Restore icon.
7 Insert your first backup floppy disk. Restoring proceeds automatically. If there is a problem with the disk, you see a message describing the problem. IMPORTANT If at any time during the restore process you see a message reporting that the hard disk is damaged or unreadable, see “Repairing a Damaged Disk” in Chapter 5, “Troubleshooting.” 8 Respond to any messages you see on the screen.
Consult this chapter if you experience problems using your computer. 5 Troubleshooting When you have questions If you want to know how to do a particular task with your computer, refer to Macintosh Guide in the Guide (h) menu. For instructions on using Macintosh Guide, see Chapter 2 of this manual. When you run into trouble While you’re using your computer, you may occasionally see a bomb icon or an error message, or you may have a problem such as the pointer (8) “freezing” on the screen.
Take your time When you see an error message, you don’t have to take action immediately. The message stays on the screen until you click the OK button or turn off the Macintosh. To help diagnose and correct the problem, gather as much information on the situation as you can before starting over. m Make a note of exactly what you were doing when the problem occurred. Write down the message on the screen and its ID number (if any).
Start over Often you can eliminate a problem simply by clearing the computer’s memory and starting over. If you can, save any open documents before restarting the Macintosh. If your system is frozen and does not respond to anything you do, or if you have a “bomb” message on the screen, saving may not be possible. You can try pressing x-Option-Esc to quit the program in use when the problem occurred; if this works, you can then save the documents open in other programs before restarting.
Rebuild your desktop regularly A process known as “rebuilding the desktop” helps your Macintosh keep track of data on your startup disks. Although you usually use the hard disk in your computer as a startup disk, you can also start up from any other disk that has system software installed. It’s a good idea to rebuild the desktop of your startup disks once a month or so. To rebuild the desktop of a startup disk, follow these steps: 1 Hold down the Option and x keys while you start up your computer.
Solutions to common problems The computer is turned on but the screen is dark. One of the following is probably the cause: m You have a screen saver program that darkens the screen when the computer has not been used for a certain period. Press a key or move the mouse to turn off the screen saver. m The monitor’s brightness control (¤) is not adjusted properly. Check the monitor’s brightness control and turn it up if necessary. m The Macintosh or the monitor is not getting power.
When you start up, a disk icon with a blinking question mark appears in the middle of the screen. This icon indicates that your Macintosh cannot find the system software it needs to start up. One of the following is probably the cause: m Your computer may be having a problem recognizing external equipment that uses the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI). Turn off all external SCSI equipment and disconnect the first SCSI device in the chain from your computer’s SCSI port. Then restart the computer.
When you try to start up from a floppy disk, a disk icon with an X appears in the middle of the screen and the floppy disk is ejected. This icon indicates that the floppy disk you tried to start up from is not a startup disk. Wait a few seconds. The computer should start up from its internal hard disk. Make sure you insert floppy disks only after the computer has begun starting up. A “sad Macintosh” icon appears and the computer won’t start up.
The hard disk icon does not appear on the desktop. If you don’t see a hard disk icon on the desktop, try the following: m If the hard disk is internal, shut down your computer, wait at least 10 seconds, and then turn it on again. m If the hard disk is external, make sure that it is turned on and that its cable is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh. m Check the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your computer.
Your Macintosh can’t read a floppy disk. If you see a message that a floppy disk is unreadable, try one of the following: m If the disk has never been used, you may simply need to initialize it. For instructions, see the “Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. m The disk may be damaged. See “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this chapter for information on testing and repairing disks.
A dialog box with a bomb appears. Your system has a software problem. m Write down what you were doing when the message appeared, the text of the message, and the message number, if there is one. m Restart your Macintosh. (See “Start Over” in the section “When You Run Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter for instructions.) Most software problems are temporary, and restarting usually corrects the problem. m Check the startup disk and application program you were using when the dialog box appeared.
Check the startup disk and program you were using when the problem occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software. Try starting up the computer with the Utilities floppy disk or, if you have a built-in CD-ROM drive, with the Macintosh Performa CD. (For instructions on how to start up your computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” in the section “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this chapter.
Typing on the keyboard produces nothing on the screen. One of the following is probably the cause: m Your system has a software problem. Restart your Macintosh. For instructions, see “Start Over” in the section “When You Run Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter. Check the startup disk and application program you were using when the problem occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software.
You can’t start an application program or it quits unexpectedly. Or, when you try to open a program, you see a message that not enough memory is available. One of the following is probably the cause: m The Macintosh ran out of memory. Quit the programs that you have open and then open the program you want to use, or restart your Macintosh. Use the Memory control panel to turn on virtual memory.
You see a message that an application program can’t be found. The following dialog box appears if you try to open a document that was created with software that is not on your hard disk. Normally, you see this message if you try to open a document that came from another Macintosh with software that is different from yours. m Some documents can be opened by more than one application program.
You experience problems using a document from a DOS computer. If you can’t open a DOS document using a Macintosh program, try the following: m Open the document from within the program by choosing Open in the program’s File menu. m Use the PC Exchange control panel to change the document’s type to one that can be opened by the program.
Repairing a damaged disk If you see a message reporting that a disk is damaged or unreadable, you may need to repair the disk. Try these suggestions first If you can’t start up from a hard disk or you don’t see the hard disk icon on the desktop, try the following: m If the hard disk is internal, shut down your Macintosh, wait at least 10 seconds, and then turn it on again. m If the hard disk is external, make sure that it is turned on and that its cable is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh.
Starting up from a CD-ROM disc To test, repair, or initialize a hard disk, or to install system software on a hard disk, you need to start up your computer from another disk. If your computer has a CD-ROM drive, you can start up your computer using the Macintosh Performa CD that came with your computer. The procedure for starting up from the CD varies depending on the condition of the system software on your hard disk. To find out which procedure to use, you must turn on your Macintosh.
If you see the Macintosh desktop 1 Press the Open/Close button of your CD-ROM drive to open the CD-ROM tray. 2 Place the Macintosh Performa CD disc in the tray with the disc label facing up. Make sure the disc is lying flat in the tray. 3 Push the tray in, or press the Open/Close button, to close the tray.
Problems starting up from the CD? If you’ve followed the steps in the previous sections and the Macintosh Performa CD icon does not appear on your screen, follow these steps: 1 Insert the CD into the tray. 2 Choose Restart from the Special menu. 3 Immediately press and hold down the Command (x), Shift, Option, and Delete keys. The Macintosh Performa CD icon appears on the desktop. 4 Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu. 5 Double-click the Startup Disk icon.
How to test a hard disk You can test an Apple SCSI hard disk with the Apple HD SC Setup program, which is on the Utilities floppy disk that came with your computer. If your computer has a built-in CD-ROM drive, and you didn’t receive floppy disks, you can find the Apple HD SC Setup program on the Macintosh Performa CD. 1 Start up your computer from the Utilities disk or the Macintosh Performa CD. See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy Disk” earlier in this section.
How to repair a hard disk or floppy disk You can repair some types of disk damage by using the Disk First Aid program, which is included either on the Utilities floppy disk or on the Macintosh Performa CD that came with your computer. 1 Start up your computer from the Utilities disk or the Macintosh Performa CD. See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy Disk” earlier in this section. 2 Open the Disk First Aid icon. 3 Click the icon of the disk you want to test.
4 Click Repair to begin testing and repairing the disk. You can’t repair the startup disk or the disk that contains the Disk First Aid program, but you can test these disks by clicking Verify. If the program reveals a problem with either of these disks, start up the computer from another disk so that you can repair the damaged disk. If you want to test and repair another disk, click its icon and then click Repair. 5 When testing and repair are done, choose Quit from the File menu.
Initializing a hard disk Before you can use a new disk, the disk must be prepared so that the computer knows where to store information on the disk. This preparation is called initializing (or formatting) the disk. When do you need to initialize a hard disk? The hard disk inside your computer was initialized at the factory, so you shouldn’t need to initialize it.
How to initialize a hard disk You initialize an Apple SCSI hard disk by using a program called Apple HD SC Setup, which is on the Utilities floppy disk that came with your computer. If your computer came with a CD-ROM drive and you didn’t receive floppy disks, you can find Apple HD SC Setup on the Macintosh Performa CD. 1 Start up your computer from the Utilities disk or the Macintosh Performa CD.
5 Click Init to initialize the hard disk. Click here to initialize the disk. 6 If a message appears asking you to name the disk, type a name and then click OK. 7 Click Quit when you see a message reporting that initialization was successful. If a message reports that initialization failed, try again. If initialization fails a second time, take the disk to your Apple-authorized service provider for repair.
Installing or reinstalling system software System software is the set of programs and other files that your computer uses to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run the application programs you use. System software is kept in the System Folder. When you turn on your computer, it looks for a startup disk, which is a disk that contains the system software. The startup disk is usually the hard disk that’s inside your computer, though another hard disk or a floppy disk can also be a startup disk.
How to install or reinstall system software If your computer has a CD-ROM drive, you can install or reinstall system software by following the instructions in the Macintosh Performa CD booklet that came with your computer. If your computer doesn’t have a CD-ROM drive and you’ve used Apple Backup to back up the contents of your hard disk, you can use Apple Restore to reinstall system software. For instructions, see “Restoring the Information on Your Hard Disk” in Chapter 4.
Read this appendix for important health and safety instructions, as well as tips on keeping your computer in good working order. Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips For your own safety and that of your equipment, follow all the instructions in this chapter. Keep these instructions available for reference by you and others.
Musculoskeletal discomfort As with any activity that involves sitting for long periods of time, using a computer can make your muscles sore and stiff. To minimize these effects, set up your work environment carefully, using the guidelines that follow, and take frequent breaks to rest tired muscles. To make working with your computer more comfortable, allow enough space in your work area so that you can change position frequently and maintain a relaxed posture.
Eye fatigue Eye fatigue can occur whenever the eyes are focused on a nearby object for a long time. This problem occurs because the eye muscles must work harder to view an object that’s closer than about 20 feet (6 meters). Improper lighting can hasten the development of eye fatigue. Although eye fatigue is annoying, there’s no evidence that it leads to permanent damage.
You may have to raise your chair so your forearms and hands are at the proper angle to the keyboard. If this makes it impossible to rest your feet flat on the floor, you can use a footrest with adjustable height and tilt to make up for any gap between the floor and your feet. Or you may lower the desktop to eliminate the need for a footrest. Another option is to use a desk with a keyboard tray that’s lower than the regular work surface. m Position the mouse at the same height as your keyboard.
Avoiding fatigue m Change your seated position, stand up, or stretch whenever you start to feel tired. Frequent short breaks are helpful in reducing fatigue. m Use a light touch when typing or using a mouse and keep your hands and fingers relaxed. m Some computer users may develop discomfort in their hands, wrists, or arms after intensive work without breaks. If you begin to develop chronic pain or discomfort in your hands, wrists, or arms, consult a qualified health specialist.
Safety instructions For your own safety and that of your equipment, always take the following precautions.
Handling your computer equipment Follow these guidelines for handling your computer and its components: m When setting up your computer, place components on a sturdy, flat surface, and carefully follow all setup instructions. m When connecting or disconnecting a cable, always hold the cable by its connector (the plug, not the cord). m Turn off your computer and all its components before connecting or disconnecting any cables to add or remove any component.
Handling the built-in monitor Follow these procedures for handling the built-in monitor: m Turn down the screen brightness control if you leave the computer turned on for extended periods. If the brightness is not turned down, the image on the screen could “burn in” and damage the screen. You can also use a “screen saver” program, which dims or varies the image on the screen when the computer has been idle for a specified period of time.
Handling floppy disks Store disks at temperatures between 50° F and 125° F. Do not use a pencil or an eraser on a disk or disk label. Keep disks dry. 125° F (52° C) 50° F (10° C) Do not touch the exposed part of the disk behind the metal shutter. Keep disks away from magnets. Avoid exposing disks to extremely hot temperatures.
If you can’t eject a floppy disk If you can’t eject a floppy disk in the usual way, try the following in order: m Hold down the x and Shift keys and press the number 1 key on your keyboard to eject a disk in the internal disk drive. m Turn off the computer. If the disk isn’t ejected, then hold down the button on your mouse or other pointing device while you turn the computer on again.
Cleaning your equipment Follow these general rules when cleaning the outside of your computer and its components: m Use a damp, soft, lint-free cloth to clean the computer’s exterior. Avoid getting moisture in any openings. m Don’t use aerosol sprays, solvents, or abrasives. Cleaning the computer case To clean the case, do the following: 1 Turn off the computer completely and then disconnect the power plug. (Pull the plug, not the cord.
2 Turn the mouse upside-down and turn the plastic ring on the bottom counterclockwise to disengage it. If you have an older mouse, you may need to press the plastic ring (rather than turn it) to disengage it. 3 Turn the mouse right-side up with one hand and catch the ring and the ball with your other hand. 4 Clean the three small rollers inside the mouse with a cotton swab moistened with water. Rotate the rollers to clean all around them.
Read this appendix for instructions on installing an expansion card in your computer. Appendix B Installing an Expansion Card Expansion cards are printed circuit boards that can be installed in your computer to give it special capabilities, such as enhanced video capabilities, networking and communications, and additional processing power. Your Macintosh has a processor-direct slot (PDS) for most cards, including the Apple IIe Card.
Installing both types of expansion cards involves three steps: m opening the computer m inserting the card into a specific slot m closing the computer IMPORTANT To use the Apple IIe Card with your Macintosh, you will need version 2.2 or later of the Apple IIe Card software. If you’re using an earlier version, consult the service and support information that came with your computer for information on how to obtain an upgrade.
6 Press down on the tabs and pull gently until the back panel opens. 7 Take the back panel off and set it aside.
8 Slide the logic board (the board that holds the components that make your computer work) partway out until you have complete access to the slots at the right side of the board. WARNING Don’t pull the board all the way out; this can damage your Macintosh. You’ll need to hook your fingers around the little metal boxes to pull the logic board.
Installing the card You can install a processor-direct slot (PDS) card in your computer. If you have a computer in the Macintosh Performa 570 series, you can also install a communications card. Installing a processor-direct slot (PDS) card 1 Remove the processor-direct slot (PDS) expansion card from its static-proof bag. Hold the card by its top edge to avoid touching the connector on the bottom of the card. 2 Align the card over the processor-direct slot. Align the card over this slot.
Installing a communications card (Macintosh Performa 570 series only) 1 Remove the communications card from its static-proof bag. Hold the card by its top edge to avoid touching the connector on the bottom of the card. 2 Align the card over the communications slot. The communications slot is the rightmost slot on the logic board. Align the card over this slot. 3 Press down on the card until the connector is solidly in place. Don’t force the card.
Closing the computer 1 Slide the logic board back in. Push on the back edge of the logic board until it is firmly in place. 2 If there is a connector on the card that you just installed (for example, if you are installing an Apple IIe Card), remove the access cover on the back panel you removed earlier. Pinch together the plastic tabs on the access cover to remove it and pop it out. With the access cover off, you can use the port on the card you just installed.
3 Replace the back panel of the computer. Slip the back panel over the prongs at the bottom edge of the back of the computer, then push it up and forward until it snaps into place. If your back panel was held on by security screws, replace them. WARNING Never turn on your computer unless all of its internal and external parts are in place. Operating the computer when it is open or missing parts can be dangerous, and can damage your computer.
Read this appendix to learn how to use the special keys on your keyboard. Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard Your computer keyboard contains certain special keys that typewriter keyboards don’t have. Many of these keys allow you to give commands to the computer without using the mouse. For example, in many application programs, pressing the x (Command) key at the same time as the Q key is often an alternative method of quitting a program.
Special keys on Apple keyboards (continued) Control key control Delete key Use to delete selected material, or the character to the left of the insertion point. delete Enter key enter Escape key esc Function keys F1 Option key Numeric keys alt option num lock = / 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 clear * Use to produce numbers and mathematical symbols; some programs use these keys as function keys to initiate actions. Use to produce capital letters (or the upper character on the key).
If you can’t find what you’re looking for in this index, look in Macintosh Guide— available in the Guide (h) menu on your computer.
B backing up files and disks 38–44 back panel of computer illustration of ports on 29 removing 88–89 replacing 94 backup copy, updating 42–44 backup programs 39 Balloon Help 24 basic Macintosh skills 11–12 battery in computer’s clock, replacing 51 blinking question mark 8, 52, 63, 72 “bomb” message on screen 47, 49, 56 brightness control 9, 51, 82. See also screen control buttons built-in microphone.
document stand 79 DOS computers using documents created from 60, 61 using floppy disks formatted for 55 double-clicking 25 E ejecting floppy disks 36, 83–84 electrical grounding 1, 3, 81 electrical safety 80 electromagnetic emissions 79 Enter key 96 erasing selected material 95, 96 error messages 47–48, 49, 56 Escape key 96 Ethernet card 33, 87 EtherTalk support 33 expanding the Macintosh Guide window 23 memory 34 expansion card access cover 29 expansion card, installing 87–94 Extensions Manager control pa
hardware, connecting additional 29 headphone jack 28 health tips 75–79 Help. See Apple-authorized service providers; Balloon Help; customer support hotline; Guide menu; Macintosh Guide window; troubleshooting HD SC Setup program 66, 70 Hide Balloons command (Guide menu) 24 Hide Others command (Application menu) 38 hiding windows on the desktop 38 high-density floppy disks 40–41, 43 “Huh?” button (Macintosh Guide window) 23 I, J IBM PC or compatible computers.
L Launcher applications available in 40, 42 opening programs in 35 putting programs into 36 light, power-on 9, 28 locking a floppy disk 41, 44 logic board sliding into computer 93 sliding out of computer 90 slots on 87 Look For button (Macintosh Guide window) 17, 21–22 M Macintosh Guide command (Guide menu) 16 Macintosh Guide window appearance of 16 closing 23 “Huh?” button 23 Index button 17, 19–20 Look For button 17, 21–22 moving 23 moving to next step in 18 returning to 18, 23 searching for information
N network, connecting to 33 Network control panel 33 numeric keys 96 O office, arranging 77–78 on/off switch. See power switch opening the computer 88–90 icons 25 Option key 96 P PC Exchange control panel 60, 61 PDS. See processor-direct slot Performa Tutorial 11–12 plugging in the computer 1–3 pointer.
S “sad Macintosh” icon 53 safety instructions 80–86 screen. See also monitor appears dark 51 avoiding image “burn in” 82 cleaning 79, 85 “frozen” 47, 49, 56–57 glare and reflections on 78, 79 identifying objects on 24 screen control buttons 28, 31. See also brightness control screen saver programs 51, 82 scroll arrows 12 SCSI devices, troubleshooting connections 52 SCSI ID numbers 54, 62, 66, 70 SCSI port 29 security screw hole 29 service and support.
Trash, dragging items to 12 Trinitron display 28. See also monitor, screen troubleshooting.
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