Macintosh User’s Guide Includes setup, troubleshooting, and important health-related information for Macintosh LC 580 computers
K Apple Computer, Inc. © 1995 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
Contents Communications regulation information 1 Getting Started vi 1 Plugging in the computer 1 Installing an expansion card 3 Connecting the mouse and keyboard Connecting other equipment 4 5 Turning the computer on for the first time What’s next? 9 Learning the basics Reviewing the basics 10 11 Turning the computer off 12 Turning the computer on 13 Where to find answers 2 Getting Help 6 14 15 Getting answers to your questions Identifying objects on the screen Learning useful short
3 Expanding Your Computer and Using Special Features Your computer at a glance 28 Connecting additional equipment 29 Using the sound control buttons on your computer 30 Using the screen control buttons on your computer 31 Using the built-in microphone Connecting to a network Expanding memory 32 33 34 Installing internal drives 34 4 Installing and Using Application Programs Installing application programs 36 Working with several programs at a time Backing up your files 5 Troubleshooting 38
Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 73 Health-related information about computer use Safety instructions 78 Handling your computer equipment Cleaning your equipment Opening the computer 79 83 Appendix B Installing an Expansion Card 87 88 Installing a processor-direct slot (PDS) card Installing a communication card Closing the computer 91 92 93 Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard Index 73 97 99 Contents v
Communications regulation information FCC statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected. Radio and television interference The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy.
DOC statement DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.
Macintosh computer Keyboard cable (sometimes built into the keyboard as shown here) Keyboard Computer power cord Mouse Optional security screws
Follow the instructions in this chapter to set up your computer and learn the basics. 1 Getting Started The illustration on the facing page shows all the equipment you will need to set up your computer and begin using it. Place your equipment on a sturdy, flat surface near a grounded wall outlet.
When you are ready to begin, follow these steps: 1 Plug the socket end of the power cord into the recessed power plug (marked with the symbol ≤) on the back of the computer. Make sure at least one end of the power cord is within easy reach so that you can unplug the computer when you need to. IMPORTANT To protect both yourself and the computer from electrical hazards, the computer should remain turned off until you are finished connecting its parts. Check the power switch at the back of the computer.
2 Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip. Socket end of the power cord Power cord plug WARNING This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded. Your Macintosh is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC outlet. This is a safety feature.
Connecting the mouse and keyboard The way you connect the mouse and keyboard depends on whether the keyboard has a separate cable or a built-in cable. Connecting a keyboard with a separate cable 1 Plug the mouse cable into the port on either side of the keyboard. Most right-handed people prefer to use the mouse with their right hand; most left-handed people prefer to use their left hand. Plug the mouse into the port on the side you prefer. The plug and the port are marked with the ◊ icon (symbol).
Connecting a keyboard with a built-in cable 1 Plug the mouse cable into the recessed port on the back of the keyboard. The plug and the port are marked with the ◊ icon (symbol). The positions of the port and icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured. By the way: A port marked with the ◊ icon is called an Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port. Plug the mouse into the recessed port on the keyboard. The flat part of the plug should be pointing down, as shown here.
Turning the computer on for the first time To turn the computer on for the first time, follow these steps: 6 Chapter 1 1 Press the top of the power switch at the back of the computer. The top of the switch is marked with the symbol i. 2 Press the Power key (marked with a triangle) on your keyboard.
You hear a tone from the computer as it starts up. After a few moments you should see a screen like the one below. This means that system software has already been installed, and your computer is ready to use. Hard disk icon Macintosh desktop If something else happens, see “Problems Starting Up?” on the next page.
Problems starting up? If the screen is dark, check these items to see if you can identify the problem: m Is the computer turned on? The power-on light on the front of the computer should be on. Make sure the top of the power switch on the back of the computer is pressed in.
What’s next? Congratulations! You’ve finished setting up your computer. Now continue with one of the following steps: m If you are new to the Macintosh, turn to the next section, “Learning the Basics.” m If you are an experienced Macintosh user, turn to Chapter 2, “Getting Help,” to learn about Macintosh Guide, your main source of information when you’re working with the Macintosh.
Learning the basics If you are new to the Macintosh, you should begin by looking at the easy-to-use program called the Macintosh Tutorial. The tutorial teaches you the basic skills you’ll need to use your computer. To start the tutorial, follow these steps: 1 Slide your mouse along your mouse pad or desk. Hold the mouse as shown, with the cable pointing away from you. Don’t press the mouse button (under your index finger).
4 While holding down the mouse button, move the arrow until the words “Macintosh Tutorial” are highlighted, then release the mouse button. A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial. You can set this book aside for now and follow the instructions on the screen. When you have completed the tutorial, return to this book. Reviewing the basics The following illustration summarizes many of the basic skills and terms you learned from the tutorial.
Turning the computer off To turn the computer off, you choose Shut Down from the Special menu. Detailed instructions follow. 1 Move the tip of the arrow (8) to the word “Special” at the top center of the screen. If the word “Special” does not appear at the top of the screen, you’re working in the wrong program. Pull down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide [h] menu) and choose Finder. Then try step 1 again.
You can also shut down your computer from the keyboard: 1 Press the Power key (marked with the triangle) on the keyboard. You will see a message asking whether you want to shut down or continue working. 2 Click Shut Down. Turning the computer on To turn on the computer after you’ve shut it down with either the menu command or the keyboard: m Press the Power key (marked with the triangle) on the keyboard.
Where to find answers When you have questions about using your Macintosh, there are several places you can look for answers. In this book Macintosh User’s Guid e Use this book to help you set up your computer and learn about it, or to find solutions to problems. In the Guide menu The Guide menu (marked with the h icon) is your main source of information about the Macintosh. To learn how to get different kinds of help from the Guide menu, see Chapter 2 in this book.
Use the instructions in this chapter to learn about the help available to you in the Guide menu. 2 Getting Help The Guide menu is your main source of information when you’re working with your computer. The menu is identified by a question mark (h) in the upper-right corner of the screen.
Getting answers to your questions When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu. 1 Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose Finder to make it the active application program. A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program. 2 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Macintosh Guide. The Macintosh Guide window appears.
3 Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For. Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information: m Topics lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of contents in a book. m Index lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it is like the index in a book. m Look For lets you search for information related to a specific word or phrase that you type.
2 Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics. When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window. To get instructions, click a question… …and then click OK. 3 Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click here.
Getting answers with the Index button 1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button. An alphabetical list of subjects appears on the left side of the window. Slider Scroll bar 2 Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible. You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or by using the scroll bar at the right of the list. 3 Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.
4 Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK. Or double-click the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click here. 5 Click here to see the next step (if there is one). Read and follow the instructions in the window. Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected.
Getting answers with the Look For button 1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button. A small box appears on the left side of the window, where you can type text. To activate the text box, click here. Type a word or phrase in the text box… …and then click here. 2 Click the arrow button to activate the text box. 3 Type “sound” in the text box and then click Search.
4 Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or doubleclick the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to close Macintosh Guide, click here. Click here to see the next step (if there is one). 5 Read and follow the instructions in the window. Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected.
Tips for using Macintosh Guide Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively: m Macintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide menu) and choose Finder.
Identifying objects on the screen Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself, “What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as Balloon Help. Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other items on the Macintosh screen in balloons like those you see in comic strips. Follow these steps to use Balloon Help: 1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Show Balloons.
Learning useful shortcuts You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it. Follow these steps to learn keyboard and mouse shortcuts: 1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Shortcuts. The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears.
2 Click one of the category buttons. Another window appears, describing shortcuts for that category. If you want to close the window, click here. Click here to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window for more categories. 3 Click here to see the next window (if there is one). Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected. Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the next window (if there is one).
Read this chapter for information on expanding your computer system with additional hardware and using special features of your computer. 3 Expanding Your Computer and Using Special Features Read this chapter to learn how to connect additional equipment to your Macintosh.
Your computer at a glance This illustration shows a Macintosh LC 580 system with the optional CD-ROM drive. You can expand your computer system by connecting additional hardware (such as a printer, modem, or scanner). Built-in microphone Color display Your built-in monitor supports up to thousands of colors. - Sound control buttons Use these buttons to change the volume of the computer’s sound.
Connecting additional equipment The illustration on this page shows where equipment should be connected to your computer. For instructions on connecting equipment such as a printer or scanner, see the manual that came with the equipment. ≤ Power plug Power switch Video input card (optional) Connects your Macintosh to a video camera, VCR, or other video equipment.
Using the sound control buttons on your computer There are two sets of buttons on the front of your Macintosh. The set on the right (marked with the - icon) is for sound control. You can use these buttons to increase or decrease the volume of the sound your Macintosh plays: m Press the button at the top to make the sound louder. m Press the button on the bottom to make the sound softer. - Sound control buttons You can also adjust the sound by using the Sound control panel.
Using the screen control buttons on your computer You can adjust the level of light and dark on the screen of your built-in monitor by using the screen control buttons on your computer (marked with the ¸ icon). m Press the button at the top to lighten your screen. m Press the button at the bottom to darken your screen.
Using the built-in microphone Your Macintosh comes with a built-in microphone for recording live sounds. The microphone is highly sensitive. Once you’ve turned it on (which you do with a sound-recording application program), it can pick up sounds within a range of several feet. For information on recording sound, see the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. Built-in microphone WARNING Do not stick any small objects into the built-in microphone.
Connecting to a network If your computer has an optional Ethernet card, you can connect your Macintosh to any standard high-speed Ethernet network. You can connect your Macintosh to an existing Ethernet network that uses thin coaxial cables, 10BASE-T twisted pair cables, thick coaxial cables, or other standard cables. You may need to purchase an appropriate Apple Ethernet media adapter or other compatible media adapter to connect your Macintosh to a network.
Expanding memory The random-access memory (RAM) in your computer can be expanded. Installing additional RAM adds more memory chips to your computer and expands its capabilities. The Technical Information booklet that came with your computer describes how much additional memory can be installed in your Macintosh. WARNING To avoid damage to your computer, Apple recommends that only an Apple-certified technician install additional RAM.
Read this chapter for information on installing and using application programs with your computer. 4 Installing and Using Application Programs Your computer has several application programs already installed, as well as some programs that you must install before you can use them. (You will need to run the application program’s Installer program before the application programs will work.) You’ll find these programs on your hard disk.
Installing application programs You’ll probably want to buy and install additional application programs. See the manuals you receive with your programs for instructions on installing and using them. In most cases, you’ll install an application program on your internal hard disk from floppy disks that contain the program. The following illustration shows how to insert a floppy disk in your computer’s disk drive. Insert the floppy disk, metal end first, into the floppy disk drive of your computer.
Working with several programs at a time You can open as many application programs and desk accessories as your computer’s memory allows. All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar. The name of the active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar. The Finder icon Commands to hide or display open windows A checkmark indicates the active program.
Hiding and showing windows on the desktop You can hide all windows except those of the active program by choosing Hide Others from the Application menu. The other programs remain open even though their windows are hidden. When you switch to another program, its windows become visible again. If you want to see all the open windows, choose Show All from the Application menu. Backing up your files Making backup copies of important files is good protection against possible damage to the originals.
Consult this chapter if you experience problems using your computer. 5 Troubleshooting When you have questions If you want to know how to do a particular task with your computer, refer to Macintosh Guide in the Guide (h) menu. For instructions on using Macintosh Guide, see Chapter 2 of this manual. When you run into trouble While you’re using your computer, you may occasionally see a bomb icon or an error message, or you may have a problem such as the pointer (8) “freezing” on the screen.
Take your time When you see an error message, you don’t have to take action immediately. The message stays on the screen until you click the OK button or turn off the Macintosh. To help diagnose and correct the problem, gather as much information on the situation as you can before starting over. m Make a note of exactly what you were doing when the problem occurred. Write down the message on the screen and its ID number (if any).
Start over Often you can eliminate a problem simply by clearing the computer’s memory and starting over. If you can, save any open documents before restarting the Macintosh. If your system is frozen and does not respond to anything you do, or if you have a “bomb” message on the screen, saving may not be possible. You can try pressing x-Option-Esc to quit the program in use when the problem occurred; if this works, you can then save the documents open in other programs before restarting.
4 If the power switch doesn’t turn off the computer, unplug your Macintosh. If you suspect that the problem is with other equipment, such as a printer or an external hard disk that’s attached to your computer, turn that equipment off for 10 seconds or longer, then turn it on again and restart the Macintosh. Rebuild your desktop regularly A process known as “rebuilding the desktop” helps your Macintosh keep track of data on your startup disks.
Solutions to common problems The computer is turned on but the screen is dark. One of the following is probably the cause: m You have a screen saver program that darkens the screen when the computer has not been used for a certain period. Press a key or move the mouse to turn off the screen saver. m The screen control buttons (¸) are not adjusted properly. Turn up the screen’s brightness if necessary. m The Macintosh is not getting power.
When you start up, a disk icon with a blinking question mark appears in the middle of the screen. This icon indicates that your Macintosh cannot find the system software it needs to start up. One of the following is probably the cause: m Your computer may be having a problem recognizing external equipment that uses the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI). Turn off all external SCSI equipment and disconnect the first SCSI device in the chain from your computer’s SCSI port. Then restart the computer.
When you try to start up from a floppy disk, a disk icon with an X appears in the middle of the screen and the floppy disk is ejected. This icon indicates that the floppy disk you tried to start up from is not a startup disk. Wait a few seconds. The computer should start up from its internal hard disk. Make sure you insert floppy disks only after the computer has begun starting up. A “sad Macintosh” icon appears and the computer won’t start up.
m Check the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your computer. See the manuals that came with your SCSI equipment for information on setting SCSI ID numbers. m If the hard disk is your startup disk, start your computer using the Disk Tools floppy disk or (if you have a built-in CD-ROM drive) with the CD-ROM disc that contains system software.
If you are trying unsuccessfully to use a DOS floppy disk, consider the following: m When formatting floppy disks on a DOS computer for use in a Macintosh, users need to format standard double-sided disks as 720K disks and highdensity disks as 1440K disks. Because DOS computers allow standard double-sided disks to be formatted in 1440K format and high-density disks to be formatted in 720K format, it’s possible that your disk has been given a format that won’t work in a Macintosh.
A dialog box with a bomb appears. Your system has a software problem. m Write down what you were doing when the message appeared, and write down the message’s text and its number, if there is one. m Restart your Macintosh. (See “Start Over” in the section “When You Run Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter for instructions.) Most software problems are temporary, and restarting usually corrects the problem. m Check the startup disk and application program you were using when the dialog box appeared.
Check the startup disk and program you were using when the problem occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software. Try starting up the computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. (For instructions on how to start up your computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” later in this chapter.
If the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See “Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter for instructions. m You haven’t selected any text or set the insertion point (i). Make sure the program you want to type in is the active program. Then place the pointer (8) in the active window and click to set an insertion point (i) or drag to select text (if you want to replace the text with your typing). m The keyboard is not connected properly.
You can’t start an application program or it quits unexpectedly. Or, when you try to open a program, you see a message that not enough memory is available. One of the following is probably the cause: m The Macintosh ran out of memory. Quit the programs that you have open and then open the program you want to use, or restart your Macintosh. Use the Memory control panel to turn on virtual memory.
You see a message that an application program can’t be found. The following dialog box appears if you try to open a document that was created with software that is not on your hard disk. Normally, you see this message if you try to open a document that came from another Macintosh with software that is different from yours. m Some documents can be opened by more than one application program.
You experience problems using a document from a DOS computer. If you can’t open a DOS document using a Macintosh program, try the following: m Open the document from within the program by choosing Open in the program’s File menu. m Use the PC Exchange control panel to change the document’s type to one that can be opened by the program.
Initializing a hard disk Before you can use a new disk, the disk must be prepared so that the computer knows where to store information on the disk. This preparation is called initializing (or formatting) the disk. When do you need to initialize a hard disk? The hard disk inside your computer was initialized at the factory, so you shouldn’t need to initialize it.
If a blinking question mark appears, or if the computer starts up from your hard disk: You did not insert the CD-ROM disc quickly enough for the computer to recognize it as a startup disk. Follow these steps: 1 Shut down your computer. The CD-ROM disc will remain in the CD-ROM drive. 2 Turn the computer on. 3 Immediately press and hold down the Command (x), Shift, Option, and Delete keys. Hold down the keys until you see the “Welcome to Macintosh” message.
Reinitializing your computer’s internal hard disk You initialize your internal hard disk using a program called Internal HD Format, which is on the floppy disk labeled Disk Tools that came with your computer. If your computer came with a CD-ROM drive and you didn’t receive floppy disks, you can find Internal HD Format on the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. 1 Start up your computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains system software.
Initializing an external SCSI hard disk You initialize an Apple external SCSI hard disk by using a program called Apple HD SC Setup, which is on the floppy disk labeled Disk Tools that came with your computer. If your computer came with a CD-ROM drive and you didn’t receive floppy disks, you can find Apple HD SC Setup on the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. 1 Start up your computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains system software.
5 Click Init to initialize the hard disk. 6 If a message appears asking you to name the disk, type a name and then click OK. 7 Click Quit when you see a message reporting that initialization was successful. If a message reports that initialization failed, try again. If initialization fails a second time, take the disk to your Apple-authorized service provider for repair.
Repairing a damaged disk Disks can become damaged by repeated use and handling. When do you need to repair a disk? If you see a message reporting that a disk is damaged or unreadable, you may need to repair the disk. Try these suggestions first If you can’t start up from a hard disk or you don’t see the hard disk icon on the desktop, try the following: m If the hard disk is internal, shut down your Macintosh, wait at least 10 seconds, and then turn it on again.
Checking for damage on your internal hard disk You can check for damage on your internal hard disk with the Internal HD Format program, which is on the floppy disk labeled Disk Tools that came with your computer. If your computer came with a CD-ROM drive and you didn’t receive floppy disks, you can find Internal HD Format on the CD-ROM disc that contains system software.
2 Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon. You may need to look in a folder called Utilities to find Apple HD SC Setup. 3 Click Drive until the disk you want appears. SCSI ID number of the currently selected hard disk Name of the currently selected hard disk 4 Click Test. 5 When a message tells you that testing is complete, click Quit.
How to repair a hard disk or floppy disk You can repair some types of disk damage by using the Disk First Aid program, which is included either on the Disk Tools floppy disk or on the CD-ROM disc containing system software that came with your computer. 1 Start up your computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy Disk” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier in this chapter.
4 Click Repair to begin testing and repairing the disk. You can’t repair the startup disk or the disk that contains the Disk First Aid program, but you can test these disks by clicking Verify. If the program reveals a problem with either of these disks, start up the computer from another disk so that you can repair the damaged disk. If you want to test and repair another disk, click its icon and then click Repair. 5 When testing and repair are finished, choose Quit from the File menu.
Installing or reinstalling system software System software is the set of programs and other files that your computer uses to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run the application programs you use. System software is kept in the folder called the System Folder. When you turn on your computer, it looks for a startup disk, which is a disk that contains the system software.
Installing system software Follow the steps in this section to do what is commonly called a “normal” installation of system software. If you’re installing system software on a hard disk for the first time, make sure that your hard disk has been initialized, a process that prepares the disk to store information. If you see the hard disk’s icon on the desktop when you start up the computer, the disk has been initialized.
6 When you are finished, quit Apple HD SC Setup. 7 Shut down your computer. 8 Start up your computer from the Install Disk 1 disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy Disk” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier in this chapter. The Installer’s Welcome screen appears. You may have to double-click the System Software Installer icon to open the Installer program. 9 Click OK. The Easy Install dialog box appears.
13 When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, click Restart. If a message reports that installation was not successful, try installing again. (Follow the instructions on the screen.) If, after reinstalling system software by doing a normal installation, you still experience problems with your computer, follow the steps in the next section for doing a “clean” installation of system software.
To do a clean installation, follow these steps: 1 Start up your computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy Disk” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier in this chapter. 2 Find and open the Disk First Aid icon. You may need to look in a folder called Utilities to find Disk First Aid. After Disk First Aid starts, follow the instructions on the screen.
9 Start up your computer from the Install Disk 1 disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. The Installer’s Welcome screen appears. You may have to double-click the System Software Installer icon to open the Installer program. 10 Click Continue. The Easy Install dialog box appears. For a clean installation, DO NOT click the Install button. Disk on which system software will be installed If you need to install on a different disk, click this button.
14 Click Clean Install. Click here to install the software you need. 15 Follow the instructions that appear on the screen. It takes a few minutes to complete the installation. 16 When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, you may need to click Restart. You need to click Restart only if you installed software onto the startup disk. If a message reports that installation was not successful, try repeating the clean installation procedure.
Doing a custom installation For most Macintosh users, the Easy Install procedure described in the previous sections is appropriate, because it automatically installs all the items you need. However, if you’d like to select a combination of system software files for your specific needs, you can customize your system software installation. You use custom installation to install or update one or more specific files, or to save space on your hard disk by installing only the files you want.
The Custom Install dialog box appears, listing all available system software components. 4 Scroll through the list of components, clicking the checkbox next to each component you want to install. To get additional information about each component listed, click the box with the letter i in it to the right of the component. 5 Click Install. 6 Follow the instructions that appear on the screen. 7 When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, click Quit.
Read this appendix for important health and safety instructions, as well as tips on keeping your computer in good working order. Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips For your own safety and that of your equipment, follow all the instructions in this chapter. Keep these instructions available for reference by you and others.
Musculoskeletal discomfort As with any activity that involves sitting for long periods of time, using a computer can make your muscles sore and stiff. To minimize these effects, set up your work environment carefully, using the guidelines that follow, and take frequent breaks to rest tired muscles. To make working with your computer more comfortable, allow enough space in your work area so that you can change position frequently and maintain a relaxed posture.
Eye fatigue Eye fatigue can occur whenever the eyes are focused on a nearby object for a long time. This problem occurs because the eye muscles must work harder to view an object that’s closer than about 20 feet (6 meters). Improper lighting can hasten the development of eye fatigue. Although eye fatigue is annoying, there’s no evidence that it leads to permanent damage.
You may have to raise your chair so your forearms and hands are at the proper angle to the keyboard. If this makes it impossible to rest your feet flat on the floor, you can use a footrest with adjustable height and tilt to make up for any gap between the floor and your feet. Or you may lower the desktop to eliminate the need for a footrest. Another option is to use a desk with a keyboard tray that’s lower than the regular work surface. m Position the mouse at the same height as your keyboard.
Avoiding fatigue m Change your seated position, stand up, or stretch whenever you start to feel tired. Frequent short breaks are helpful in reducing fatigue. m Use a light touch when typing or using a mouse and keep your hands and fingers relaxed. m Some computer users may develop discomfort in their hands, wrists, or arms after intensive work without breaks. If you begin to develop chronic pain or discomfort in your hands, wrists, or arms, consult a qualified health specialist.
Safety instructions For your own safety and that of your equipment, always take the following precautions.
Handling your computer equipment Follow these guidelines for handling your computer and its components: m When setting up your computer, place components on a sturdy, flat surface, and carefully follow all setup instructions. m When connecting or disconnecting a cable, always hold the cable by its connector (the plug, not the cord). m Turn off your computer and all its components before connecting or disconnecting any cables to add or remove any component.
Handling the built-in monitor Follow these procedures for handling the built-in monitor: m Turn down the screen brightness control if you leave the computer turned on for extended periods. If the brightness is not turned down, the image on the screen could “burn in” and damage the screen. You can also use a “screen saver” program, which dims or varies the image on the screen when the computer has been idle for a specified period of time.
Handling floppy disks Store disks at temperatures between 50° F and 125° F. Do not use a pencil or an eraser on a disk or disk label. Keep disks dry. 125° F (52° C) 50° F (10° C) Do not touch the exposed part of the disk behind the metal shutter. Keep disks away from magnets. Avoid exposing disks to extremely hot temperatures.
If you can’t eject a floppy disk If you can’t eject a floppy disk in the usual way, try the following in order: m Hold down the x and Shift keys and press the number 1 key on your keyboard to eject a disk in the internal disk drive. m Turn off the computer. If the disk isn’t ejected, then hold down the button on your mouse or other pointing device while you turn the computer on again.
Cleaning your equipment Follow these general rules when cleaning the outside of your computer and its components: m Use a damp, soft, lint-free cloth to clean the computer’s exterior. Avoid getting moisture in any openings. m Don’t use aerosol sprays, solvents, or abrasives. Cleaning the computer case To clean the case, do the following: 1 Turn off the computer completely and then disconnect the power plug. (Pull the plug, not the cord.
2 Turn the mouse upside-down and turn the plastic ring on the bottom counterclockwise to disengage it. If you have an older mouse, you may need to press the plastic ring (rather than turn it) to disengage it. If the mouse is locked, see the next section, “Locking and Unlocking the Mouse,” for instructions on how to unlock it. 3 Turn the mouse right-side up with one hand and catch the ring and the ball with your other hand.
7 Gently blow into the mouse case to remove any dust that has collected there. 8 Put the ball and the ring back in place. Your mouse should roll smoothly across your mouse pad or desk. If it doesn’t, repeat these instructions carefully. Locking and unlocking the mouse Some mouse devices can be locked so that the ball can’t be removed. A locking mouse has a small hole on the plastic ring. To lock the mouse, follow these steps: 1 Insert a straightened paper clip into the hole on the plastic ring.
To unlock the mouse, follow these steps: 1 Insert a straightened paper clip into the hole on the plastic ring. Insert a straightened paper clip into this hole. (The hole may be located here on your mouse.) 2 Press down on the paper clip while you turn the ring counterclockwise. Turn the ring a very short distance. When the recessed area on the ring is lined up with the recessed area surrounding the ring, the mouse is unlocked.
Read this appendix for instructions on installing an expansion card in your computer. Appendix B Installing an Expansion Card Expansion cards are printed circuit boards that can be installed in your computer to give it special capabilities, such as enhanced video capabilities, networking and communications, and additional processing power.
This appendix contains instructions for installing a PDS card or communication card. To install a video input card or an external video connector card, follow the instructions that came with the card. WARNING To avoid damaging your computer and expansion card, do not attempt to install any expansion card without first checking the documentation for that card.
5 Place your thumbs on the two plastic tabs on the back panel of the computer. 6 Press down on the tabs and pull gently until the back panel opens. 7 Take the back panel off and set it aside.
8 Remove the two retainer screws from the vertical plate. Remove both retainer screws from the vertical plate. 9 Swing the wire handle out from its storage position. Then grasp the handle and gently but firmly pull it toward you. The vertical plate and the logic board to which it’s attached slide all the way out of the computer. Swing down the wire handle, and slide the logic board out of the computer.
Installing a processor-direct slot (PDS) card 1 Remove the plastic access cover from the vertical plate. Squeeze the two plastic tabs together and pull off the metal retainer so the access cover can come off. Metal retainer Vertical plate Processor-direct slot 2 Remove the processor-direct slot (PDS) expansion card from its static-proof bag. Hold the card by its edges to avoid touching the connectors on the card. 3 Align the card over the processor-direct slot.
Installing a communication card 1 Remove the plastic access cover from the vertical plate. Push the two plastic tabs apart and pull off the metal retainer so the access cover can come off. Metal retainer Vertical plate Communication slot 2 Remove the communication card from its static-proof bag. Hold the card by its edges to avoid touching the connectors on the card. 3 Align the card over the communication slot. The communication slot is the rightmost slot on the logic board.
4 Press down on the card until the connector is solidly in place. Don’t force the card. If you meet resistance, pull the card out and try again. To see if the card is properly connected, lift it gently. If it resists and stays in place, it’s connected. Closing the computer 1 Slip the base of the logic board into the guide rails inside the computer’s case and swing the wire handle back into its storage position.
2 Press the reset button on the logic board and then slide the logic board back into the computer. When you press the reset button, some of your computer’s software settings will change. You may want to open the control panels for the date and time, keyboard, and mouse to make sure that they are set the way you want them. For more information about working with control panels, see the “Setting Options” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. 1 Press the reset button.
3 Reinsert the two retainer screws into the vertical plate. Reinsert both retainer screws into the vertical plate.
4 Replace the back panel of the computer. Slip the back panel over the prongs at the bottom edge of the back of the computer, then push the back panel up and forward until it snaps into place. If the back panel was held on by security screws, reinsert them. (If your computer came with optional security screws, you can insert them now.) WARNING Never turn on your computer unless all of its internal and external parts are in place.
Read this appendix to learn how to use the special keys on your keyboard. Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard Your computer keyboard contains certain special keys that typewriter keyboards don’t have. Many of these keys allow you to give commands to the computer without using the mouse. For example, in many application programs, pressing the x (Command) key at the same time as the Q key is often an alternative method of quitting a program.
Special keys on Apple keyboards (continued) Control key control Delete key Use to delete selected material, or the character to the left of the insertion point. delete Enter key enter Escape key esc Function keys F1 Option key Numeric keys alt option num lock = / 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 clear * Use to produce numbers and mathematical symbols; some programs use these keys as function keys to initiate actions. Use to produce capital letters (or the upper character on the key).
Index x (Command) key 97 h icon (for Guide Menu) 39 x-Option-Esc command, quitting program 41 ¸ screen control icon 31 x-Shift-1 for ejecting floppy disk 82 - sound icon 30 A ADB port.
C Caps Lock key 97 case, damaged 78 CD-ROM disc with system software, starting from 54–55, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71 CD-ROM drive (internal) installing 34 location 28 Open/Close button 28 characters, strange 53 cleaning equipment 83–86 Clear key 97 clock, troubleshooting 43 Close box 23 closing the computer 93–96 color display 28 communication card, installing 92–93 communication card access cover 29 communication slot 87 computer case, cleaning 83 computer equipment built-in monitor 80 protecting 79 Control key 9
F fatigue avoiding 73, 77 eye 75 muscular 74 Finder icon 37 floating-point unit (FPU) 51 floppy disk drives (internal) installing 34 location 28 floppy disks DOS 47 ejecting 45, 81–82 handling 81 inserting 36 problems starting from 45 repairing 62–63 starting from 55 unreadable 46–47 formatting. See initializing FPU.
installing system software clean installation 67–70 customized installation 71 normal installation 65–67 reasons for 64 interference, electrical 80 internal drives, installing 34 Internal HD Format program 60 K, L keyboard connecting mouse 4–5 damaged 50 not connected properly 50 produces nothing on screen 49–50 safety 80 special keys 97–98 keyboard shortcuts 25–26 keys, special 97–98 M Macintosh basics 10–11 Macintosh desktop 7 Macintosh Guide 16 choosing general subjects 17–18 choosing specific subjects
power cord viii, 3, 78 damaged 78 Power key 6, 13, 28, 98 power-on light 28 power plug 29, 78 power supply, safety 82 power switch 2, 13, 29 Previous System Folder, copying from 70 printer port 29 problems. See troubleshooting processor-direct slot (PDS) 87 port 29 processor-direct slot (PDS) card, installing 91 program disks, copying 36 programs.
Sound control panel 30 sound input and output ports 29 Special menu Restart command 12 Shut Down command 12 special software, replacing 70 spills 78, 79, 80 starting up from a floppy disk 44 from CD-ROM disc 45, 54–55 problems 44–46 stereo speakers 28 support, customer 14, 40 system, frozen 41 system extensions not installed 67 removing incompatible 47, 48 System Folder copying special software 70 printing contents of 40 system software clean installation 67–70 custom installation 71–72 normal installation
U W Utilities Folder, system software 65, 68 warranty and adding memory 34 windows hiding and showing 38 moving 16 using 11 V video connector, external 29, 87 video input card 29 video-in slot 87 virtual memory 51 volume control 30 X, Y X in Macintosh icon 45 Z zoom box 23 Index 105
The Apple Publishing System This Apple manual was written, edited, and produced on a desktop publishing system using Apple Macintosh computers and QuarkXPress. Technical illustrations were drawn in Adobe™ Illustrator; screen shots were created and modified with system software, ExposurePro, Aldus SuperPaint, and Adobe Photoshop. Proof pages were created on Apple LaserWriter printers and on QMS and Tektronix color printers.
