Specifications

Chapter 1 Introduction to the Command-Line Environment 13

The following processes and services aren’t running if you boot into single-user mode:

Directory Services Â

Kerberos Â

syslogd

mDNSResponder Â

securityd (and many related security processes)

Spotlight Â

Any other server services (such as Mail Server, Web Server, or Wiki Server) you may Â

have congured

X11

X11 is a window manager traditionally used in UNIX-based operating systems.

Although Mac OS X Server is a UNIX operating system, it doesn’t use X Windows as

its window manager. X11 is available to provide compatibility with other UNIX-based

operating systems. All normal Mac OS X Server tasks are performed with tools that

don’t rely on X11. To connect to the X11 server remotely, see “Conguring and Running

X11 Applications on Mac OS X” on the Apple Developer Connection website.

Serial Console

Xserve hardware includes a 9-pin serial port. To access the Xserve, you can

connect a terminal or use terminal emulation software on a computer connected

by a serial-to-USB cable. No other Apple hardware includes a serial port.

Remote Access

Various ways of accessing the command-line interface on remote computers are using

are discussed in Chapter 4, “Connecting to Remote Computers.”

Closing the Shell

To quit a shell session, enter the command exit. This ensures that any commands the

shell is actively running are closed. If anything’s still in progress, the shell warns you.

Executing Commands and Running Tools

To execute a command in the shell, enter the complete pathname of the tool’s

executable le, followed by arguments, and then press Return.

If a command is located in one of the shell’s known folders, you can omit path

information and enter just the command name.

The list of known folders is stored in the shell’s PATH environment variable and

includes the folders containing most command-line tools.