9
Table Of Contents
- Logic Express 9 User Manual
- Contents
- Welcome to Logic Express
- Introducing Logic Express
- Setting Up Your System
- Designing Your Music Production System
- Connecting Your Audio and MIDI Devices
- Using External MIDI Devices
- Using External Audio Effects
- Configuring Your Audio Hardware
- Overview of the Logic Express Interface
- Opening Logic Express
- Introducing the Arrange Window
- Working in the Arrange Area
- Using the Toolbar
- Using the Transport Bar
- Using the Inspector
- Working in the Media Area
- Working in the Notes Area
- Working in the Lists Area
- Working in the Editing Area
- Understanding Common Elements of Logic Express Windows
- Understanding How Arrange Window Areas Interact
- Using Logic Express Interface Elements
- Using the Computer Keyboard
- Customizing Your Window Setup
- Understanding the Window Types
- Opening and Closing Windows
- Moving and Resizing Windows
- Working at Different Hierarchy Levels
- Selecting the Working Area
- Zooming the Working Area
- Understanding Relationships Between Windows
- Hiding or Showing the Transport Bar
- Customizing the Arrange Toolbar
- Hiding or Revealing the Inspector
- Adjusting the Bar Ruler Display
- Displaying Global Tracks
- Using Screensets
- Navigating Your Project
- Working with Markers
- Opening Marker Areas and Windows
- Creating Markers
- Copying Markers
- Selecting Markers
- Deleting Markers
- Naming Markers
- Changing the Appearance of Marker Text
- Editing Markers
- Navigating with Markers
- Switching Between Marker Alternatives
- Customizing the Marker Display in the Marker List
- Importing, Removing, and Exporting Marker Information
- Working with Projects
- Basic Operations
- Using the Mouse
- Entering Numerical Values
- Entering Text
- Working with Key Commands
- Getting to Know the Key Commands Window
- Understanding Key Command Groups and Hierarchies
- Choosing Key Command Sets
- Saving Key Command Sets
- Browsing Key Commands
- Finding Key Commands
- Using Special Keys in Key Commands
- Assigning Key Commands to Computer Keys
- Assigning Key Commands to Control Surfaces
- Initializing Key Command Assignments
- Printing a Key Command List
- Working with Tools
- Working with Help Tags
- Using the Shortcut Menu
- Using Selection Techniques
- Selecting Individual Elements
- Selecting Multiple Elements
- Making Horizontal Selections
- Switching the Selection Status of Elements
- Selecting Following Regions or Events
- Selecting Regions or Events Within the Locators
- Selecting Specific Regions and Events
- Selecting Similar or Identical Objects, Regions, or Events
- Selecting Events with the Same MIDI Channel
- Selecting Regions or Events with an Equal Subposition
- Accelerating Edit Operations with Selection Commands
- Working with the Clipboard
- Undoing and Redoing Edit Operations
- Working with Tracks
- Understanding Tracks and Channel Strips
- Configuring the Track Header
- Reclaiming Workspace Used by the Track Header
- Creating Tracks and Channel Strips
- Creating Tracks Only
- Deleting Tracks in the Arrange Area
- Selecting Tracks in the Arrange Area
- Rearranging Tracks in the Arrange Area
- Naming Tracks in the Arrange Area
- Assigning Tracks in the Arrange Area
- Zooming Tracks in the Arrange Area
- Assigning Track Icons in the Track Parameter Box
- Muting Tracks in the Arrange Area
- Soloing Tracks in the Arrange Area
- Record-Enabling Tracks in the Arrange Area
- Freezing Tracks in the Arrange Area
- Hiding Tracks in the Arrange Area
- Protecting Tracks in the Arrange Area
- Using Track Button Slide Activation
- Drum Replacement or Doubling in the Arrange Area
- Bouncing Regions and Tracks in Place
- Working with Instruments and Effects
- Getting to Know the Arrange Channel Strips
- Working with Plug-ins
- Working with Channel Strip Configurations
- Opening, Closing, and Resizing Plug-in Windows
- Adjusting Plug-in Parameters
- Using Common Plug-in Window Functions
- Using the Library to Choose Plug-in Settings
- Understanding the Library Folder and Menu Structure
- Learning About Effect Routings
- Working with Instruments
- Working with ReWire Applications
- Working with External Audio Effects
- Using Plug-ins from Other Manufacturers
- Adding Prerecorded Media
- Getting to Know Regions
- What Are Regions?
- MIDI and Audio Regions Compared
- Handling Regions in the Audio Bin and Sample Editor
- Creating Your Arrangement
- Getting to Know the Arrange Area
- Snapping Region Edits to Time Positions
- Using Drag Modes
- Scrubbing Your Arrangement
- Using Shortcut Menus
- Muting Regions
- Soloing Regions
- Naming Regions
- Assigning Colors to Regions
- Selecting Regions
- Adding, Recording, and Removing Regions
- Restoring Removed Regions
- Moving Regions
- Limiting Region Movements
- Changing the Playback Position of Regions Numerically
- Moving Regions to the Current Playhead Position
- Moving Audio Regions Back to Their Original Record Positions
- Nudging Regions with Key Commands
- Shifting the Playback Position of Regions
- Moving Regions to a Track
- Moving Regions Between Projects
- Resizing Regions
- Adjusting the Start Point of Audio Regions
- Adjusting the Start or End Point of MIDI Regions
- Making Multiple Regions the Same Length
- Setting Region Start and End Points to the Playhead Position
- Adjusting Region Lengths to Fit Other Regions
- Time Stretching the Contents of a Region When Changing Length
- Time Stretching Multiple Regions
- MIDI Region-Specific Length Change Operations
- Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Regions
- Adding or Removing Arrangement Passages
- Creating Region Aliases
- Creating Region Clones
- Converting Regions to a New Sampler Track
- Creating Multiple Copies of Regions
- Creating Region Loops
- Dividing Regions
- Demixing MIDI Regions
- Merging Regions (General Tools and Commands)
- Merging MIDI Regions
- Merging Audio Regions
- Working with Folders
- Creating Crossfades and Fades on Audio Regions
- Setting Region Parameters
- Recording in Logic Express
- Checking Hardware Connections and Settings for Recording
- Setting the Project Sample Rate
- Setting the Project Bit Depth
- Setting Up the Metronome for Recording
- Enabling Software Monitoring for Recording
- Setting the Monitoring Level for Recording
- Defining the Recording Folder
- Naming Audio Recordings
- Choosing the Recording File Type
- Setting the Recording Format
- Record-Enabling Tracks
- Getting to Know Audio Recording
- Audio Take Recording
- Audio Multitrack Recording
- Audio Punch Recording
- Audio Replace Recording
- Deleting Audio Recordings
- Getting to Know MIDI Recording
- MIDI Take Recording
- MIDI Multitrack Recording
- MIDI Merge Recording
- MIDI Replace Recording
- Retrospective Recording of MIDI Regions
- Switching Instruments to Software Instrument Live Mode
- Filtering MIDI Events When Recording
- Turning MIDI Thru Off When Recording
- Using Advanced Recording Commands
- Coloring Takes While Recording
- Marking a Good Take While Recording
- MIDI Step Input Recording
- Editing Audio Take Recordings
- Getting to Know Take Folders
- Previewing Take Folder Recordings
- Toggling Take Folder Editing Mode
- Creating Comps
- Editing Comps
- Resizing Take Regions
- Cutting Take Folders and Take Regions
- Moving Take Folders and Take Regions
- Duplicating Comps or Creating New Comps
- Renaming Takes or Comps
- Deleting Takes or Comps
- Exporting Takes or Comps to New Tracks
- Moving Takes or Comps to New Tracks
- Flattening and Merging Take Folders
- Unpacking Take Folders
- Packing Regions into a Take Folder
- Opening Take Folders in the Sample Editor
- Flex Time Editing
- Turning on Flex View
- Choosing Flex Modes
- Getting to Know the Flex Modes
- Getting to Know Transient, Flex, and Tempo Markers
- Working with Flex Markers
- Time Stretching Using Marquee Selections
- Time Stretching Using Region Borders
- Snapping Flex Markers to Transient Markers
- Splitting Audio Regions at Transient Marker Positions
- Using the Flex Tool
- Using Varispeed to Alter Playback Speed and Pitch
- Editing Audio in the Sample Editor
- Opening the Sample Editor
- Getting to Know the Sample Editor
- Playing Audio Files in the Sample Editor
- Navigating Audio Files in the Sample Editor
- Making Selections in the Sample Editor
- Audio Editing and Processing in the Sample Editor
- Using Edit Key Commands in the Sample Editor
- Using Edit Commands in the Sample Editor
- Using Transient Markers to Edit in the Sample Editor
- Using the Pencil Tool to Edit in the Sample Editor
- Trimming Audio Files in the Sample Editor
- Silencing an Audio File Selection in the Sample Editor
- Changing the Level of Audio Files in the Sample Editor
- Normalizing Audio Files in the Sample Editor
- Fading Audio Files in the Sample Editor
- Reversing an Audio File Selection in the Sample Editor
- Reversing the Phase of an Audio File in the Sample Editor
- Removing DC Offsets in the Sample Editor
- Adjusting the Project Tempo in the Sample Editor
- Using Sample Editor Loop Functions
- Undoing Edit Steps in the Sample Editor
- Creating Manual Backups in the Sample Editor
- Customizing Waveform Amplitude Scale in the Sample Editor
- Customizing the Ruler in the Sample Editor
- Customizing Waveform Display in the Sample Editor
- Getting to Know the Sample Editor’s Digital Factory
- Using the Sample Editor’s “Time and Pitch Machine”
- Using the Sample Editor’s Groove Machine
- Using the Sample Editor’s Audio Energizer
- Using the Sample Editor’s Silencer
- Using the Sample Editor’s “Audio to Score”
- Using the Sample Editor’s Quantize Engine
- “Audio to MIDI Groove Template”
- Using an External Sample Editor
- Working with Tempo and Audio Regions
- Removing Silent Passages from Audio Regions
- Opening the Strip Silence Window
- Getting to Know the Strip Silence Window
- Removing Silent Passages from a Selected Region
- Automatic Anchor Creation
- Understanding How You Can Use Strip Silence
- Using Strip Silence to Remove Background Noises
- Using Strip Silence to Create Segments of Spoken Recordings
- Using Strip Silence to Create Segments for Drum Loops
- Using Strip Silence to Optimize Synchronization
- Using Strip Silence to Optimize Files and Regions
- Using Strip Silence to Extract Audio Files from a Disc
- Managing Audio Files
- Sorting, Grouping, and Renaming Files in the Audio Bin
- Moving Audio Files
- Copying or Converting Audio Files
- Deleting Audio Files
- Optimizing Audio Files
- Converting Regions into Independent Audio Files
- Exporting Tracks as Audio Files
- Exporting or Importing Region Information
- Finding and Replacing Orphaned Audio Files
- Quantizing Audio and MIDI
- Introduction to MIDI Editing
- Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor
- Opening the Piano Roll Editor
- Getting to Know the Piano Roll Editor
- Creating and Editing Note Events in the Piano Roll Editor
- Snapping Edits to Time Positions in the Piano Roll Editor
- Selecting Notes in the Piano Roll Editor
- Creating Notes in the Piano Roll Editor
- Deleting Notes in the Piano Roll Editor
- Restoring Deleted Notes in the Piano Roll Editor
- Moving Notes in the Piano Roll Editor
- Changing Note Length in the Piano Roll Editor
- Copying or Moving Notes in the Piano Roll Editor
- Protecting the Position of Events in the Piano Roll Editor
- Changing Note Velocity in the Piano Roll Editor
- Muting Notes in the Piano Roll Editor
- Changing Note Color in the Piano Roll Editor
- Splitting Chords in the Piano Roll Editor
- Using Hyper Draw in the Piano Roll Editor
- Customizing the Piano Roll Editor
- Using Piano Roll Editor Shortcuts
- Editing MIDI in the Hyper Editor
- Editing MIDI Events in the Event List
- Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window
- Mixing
- Opening the Mixer
- Getting to Know the Mixer
- Understanding Channel Strip Types in the Mixer
- Understanding Channel Strip Controls in the Mixer
- Understanding the Basic Mixing Stages
- Working with Mixer Groups
- Muting Channel Strips
- Soloing Channel Strips
- Setting Channel Strip Levels
- Setting Pan or Balance in the Mixer
- Adding and Routing Effects in the Mixer
- Controlling Signal Flow in the Mixer
- Working with MIDI Channel Strips in the Mixer
- Customizing the Mixer
- Using the I/O Labels Window
- Adjusting Mixer Channel Strips in Record or Playback Mode
- Copying Entire Mixer Setups
- Adjusting Elements of Multiple Mixer Channel Strips
- Navigating Within the Mixer
- Assigning Colors to Channel Strips in the Mixer
- Renaming Tracks in the Mixer
- Linking Control Surfaces to the Mixer
- Working with Automation
- Displaying Track Automation
- Setting an Automation Mode
- Writing Track Automation Data
- Selecting Automation Nodes and Lines
- Creating Automation Nodes
- Deleting Track Automation Data
- Copying and Moving Automation Data
- Editing Track Automation Data in the Track Header
- Snapping Automation to Grid Positions
- Offsetting Automation
- Editing Track Automation Data in the Event List
- Writing Track Automation with External Controllers
- Using Hyper Draw in the Arrange Area
- Conversion of Automation Data
- Bouncing Your Project
- Creating Apple Loops
- Creating Apple Loops in Logic Express
- Creating Apple Loops in the Apple Loops Utility
- Converting ReCycle Files into Apple Loops
- Adding Apple Loops to the Loop Browser
- Adding Acid Loops to the Loop Browser
- Using Global Tracks with Apple Loops
- Converting Apple Loops to Audio Files
- Converting the Sample Rate of Apple Loops
- Working with Notation
- Opening the Score Editor
- Getting to Know the Score Editor
- Understanding the Basic Scoring Stages
- Entering Notes and Symbols in the Score Editor
- Working with the Part Box
- Learning About Part Box Groups
- Note Objects in the Part Box
- Sustain Pedal Symbols in the Part Box
- Clef Objects in the Part Box
- Dynamic Symbols in the Part Box
- Note Head Symbols in the Part Box
- Symbols Attached to Notes in the Part Box
- Slurs and Crescendi Objects in the Part Box
- Key Signature Symbols in the Part Box
- Time Signature Symbols in the Part Box
- Repeat Signs and Bar Lines in the Part Box
- Trills and Tremolo Symbols in the Part Box
- Rests and Bar Repeat Signs in the Part Box
- Text Objects and Chord Symbols in the Part Box
- D.S., D.C., Segno, and Coda Signs in the Part Box
- Tempo and Swing Symbols in the Part Box
- Jazz Symbols in the Part Box
- Page and Line Break Symbols in the Part Box
- Chord Grid and Tablature Symbols in the Part Box
- General Editing in the Score Editor
- Using Shortcut Menus in the Score Editor
- Changing Multiple Objects in the Score Editor
- Moving or Copying Objects in the Score Editor with the Mouse
- Moving Objects in the Score Editor with Key Commands
- Copying Objects in the Score Editor via the Clipboard
- Deleting Objects in the Score Editor
- Repeating Events in the Score Editor
- Working with Aliases in the Score Editor
- Changing the Graphical Position of Objects in the Score Editor
- Resizing Notes and Symbols in the Score Editor
- Editing Notes in the Score Editor
- Editing Note Velocity, Length, or Pitch in the Score Editor
- Allowing Diatonic Input in the Score Editor
- Creating and Editing Tied Notes in the Score Editor
- Creating and Editing N-Tuplets in the Score Editor
- Using Artificial N-Tuplets to Bypass Display Quantization
- Creating Grace and Independent Notes in the Score Editor
- Creating and Inserting Rests in the Score Editor
- Editing Clefs in the Score Editor
- Editing Slurs and Crescendi in the Score Editor
- Editing Repeat Signs and Bar Lines in the Score Editor
- Working with Standard Text
- Working with Automatic Text
- Working with Lyrics
- Working with Chords
- Working with Chord Grids
- Getting to Know the Instrument Editor
- Getting to Know the Chord Grid Selector
- Getting to Know the Chord Grid Editor
- Inserting and Editing Chord Grid Symbols in the Score Editor
- Creating and Editing Chord Grids in the Chord Grid Editor
- Creating, Renaming, and Deleting Chord Grid Libraries
- Importing and Exporting Chord Grid Libraries
- Working with Tablature Markings
- Working with Time and Key Signatures
- Transcribing MIDI Recordings
- Default Settings for New MIDI Regions
- Selecting Multiple Regions in the Score Editor
- Display Parameters
- Hidden MIDI Regions
- Using Note Attributes to Change Individual Notes
- Changing Note Heads
- Changing Note Sizes
- Changing the Horizontal Position of Notes
- Changing the Position of Accidentals
- Changing the Display of Accidentals
- Changing the Stem Direction and Length
- Changing the Beaming of Notes
- Changing the Voice or Staff Assignment
- Changing the Tie Direction
- Changing the Syncopation of Notes
- Changing the Interpretation of Notes
- Changing the Independent Status of a Note
- Changing the Color of a Note
- Resetting Note Attributes
- Working with Staff Styles
- Assigning Staff Styles to MIDI Regions
- Assigning Staff Styles Automatically
- Knowing the Predefined Staff Styles
- Getting to Know the Staff Style Window
- Creating Staff Styles
- Creating Staff Styles Based on Existing Ones
- Adding Staffs to a Staff Style
- Adding Voices to a Staff Style
- Copying Voices or Staffs into Other Staff Styles
- Copying Staff Styles Between Projects
- Deleting Voices or Staffs from a Staff Style
- Deleting Staff Styles
- Changing Staff Style Parameters
- Assigning Notes to Voices and Staffs
- Staff Style Examples
- Using Mouse Input in Polyphonic Staff Styles
- Changing the Staff Assignment of Symbols
- Cross Staff Beaming
- Using Drum Notation with Mapped Staff Styles
- Using Score Sets to Create Scores and Parts
- The Relationship Between Score Sets and Display Modes
- Choosing a Score Set
- Getting to Know the Score Set Window
- Creating and Deleting Score Sets
- Editing Score Sets
- Scaling Score Sets
- Creating Separate Layouts for Full Score and Parts
- Filtering Single Instruments from the Score
- Importing Score Sets from Other Projects
- Preparing the Score Layout for Printing
- Exporting the Score as a Graphic File
- Customizing the Score Editor’s Appearance
- Project and File Interchange
- Sharing Logic Express Data over a Network
- Backing Up Audio Files
- Backing Up and Sharing Projects
- Working with Standard MIDI Files
- Working with GarageBand Projects
- Working with OMF Files
- Working with OpenTL Files
- Working with AAF Files
- Working with Final Cut Pro XML Files
- Working with Soundtrack Pro STAP Files
- Exporting Individual Regions as Audio Files
- Exporting Individual or Multiple Tracks as Audio Files
- Advanced Tempo Operations
- Using the Tempo Display in the Transport Bar
- Using the Tempo Track
- Recording Tempo Changes in Logic Express
- Adjusting the Tempo to Fit Audio Regions
- Using the Tempo List
- Using the Tempo Operations Window
- Creating Tempo Curves in the Tempo Operations Window
- Creating Constant Tempo in the Tempo Operations Window
- Scaling Tempo Changes in the Tempo Operations Window
- Stretching Tempo Curves in the Tempo Operations Window
- Reducing Tempo Changes in the Tempo Operations Window
- Randomizing Tempo in the Tempo Operations Window
- Using the Tempo Interpreter Window
- Using the Tempo Fader
- Beat Mapping Regions
- Editing Transposition with the Chord and Transposition Tracks
- Working in the Environment
- Environment Objects Reference
- Opening the Object Parameter Box
- Getting to Know Common Object Parameters
- Standard Instrument Objects
- Multi-Instrument Objects
- Mapped Instrument Objects
- Touch Track Objects
- Fader Objects
- Using Faders
- Recording and Playback of Fader Movements
- Working with Object Groups
- Fader Styles
- Fader Functions: MIDI Events
- Fader Functions: Range, Value As
- Fader Functions: Filter
- Vector Fader
- Special Faders Overview
- Cable Switchers
- Meta Event Faders
- Working with SysEx Faders
- Working with SysEx Messages
- Special Functions
- Alias Objects
- Ornament Objects
- GM Mixer Objects
- MMC Record Buttons Objects
- Keyboard Objects
- Monitor Objects
- Macro Objects
- Arpeggiator Objects
- Transformer Objects
- Delay Line Objects
- Voice Limiter Objects
- Channel Splitter Objects
- Chord Memorizer Objects
- Physical Input Objects
- Sequencer Input Objects
- MIDI Click Objects
- Internal Objects
- Channel Strip Objects
- Working with Video
- Synchronizing Logic Express
- Working with Plug-in Latencies
- Working with Split Channel Audio File Formats
- Project Settings in Logic Express
- Preferences in Logic Express
- Accessing Preferences
- Saving Preferences
- General Preferences in Logic Express
- Audio Preferences in Logic Express
- MIDI Preferences in Logic Express
- Display Preferences in Logic Express
- Score Preferences in Logic Express
- Video Preferences in Logic Express
- Automation Preferences in Logic Express
- Control Surface Preferences in Logic Express
- Sharing Preferences in Logic Express
- Glossary
Setting the Project Time Signature
The time signature defines how many beats a bar contains in the Bar ruler and what note
value constitutes one beat.
Time signatures do not affect the playback of your project, but determine the editing
grid in the Arrange area and MIDI editors as you can see in the following images. Both
show the same MIDI region, with the first at a time signature of 2/8, and the second at
6/8.
172 Chapter 7 Working with Projects