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Table Of Contents

Logic Express 7
Reference Manual
Contents
- Preface 9 Logic Reference
  - 9 What Is Logic?
  - 10 About This Manual
- Chapter 1 13 Using Logic
  - 13 Using the Mouse
  - 14 Input Options
  - 16 Tools and the Toolbox
  - 21 Window Functions
  - 32 Edit Operations
  - 33 Selection Techniques
  - 35 General Functions of the Editors
  - 36 Key Commands
  - 44 Step Input
  - 49 Caps Lock Keyboard
  - 51 Song Administration
  - 60 Standard MIDI Files
  - 62 Apple Loops
  - 67 GarageBand File Import
  - 68 ReCycle Import
  - 70 OPEN TL Import
  - 70 Bouncing and POW-r Dithering
- Chapter 2 73 Transport
  - 73 The Transport Window
  - 82 The Bar Ruler
  - 84 Cycle Mode
  - 86 Recording
  - 89 Chase Events
- Chapter 3 91 Arrange Window
  - 91 Overview
  - 92 Tracks
  - 100 Arrange Channel Strip
  - 101 MIDI Instruments
  - 107 MIDI Regions
  - 116 MIDI Region Playback Parameters
  - 120 Quantization
  - 122 Folders
  - 124 Aliases
  - 127 Time and Key Signature Editor
  - 128 Altering the Display
  - 132 Reset Functions
- Chapter 4 133 Audio in the Arrange Window
  - 133 Regions
  - 141 Audio Recording
  - 145 Functions
  - 148 Freeze
- Chapter 5 153 The Environment
  - 153 Environment—Introduction
  - 154 Basic Operation
  - 159 The MIDI Signal Path
  - 162 Environment Objects
  - 181 Faders
  - 189 Environment Exchange
- Chapter 6 191 Logic’s Mixing Facilities
  - 192 Audio Mixer
  - 194 Audio Objects in the Audio and Track Mixer
  - 211 Audio Object Types
  - 218 Track Mixer
  - 221 MIDI Channel Strips
- Chapter 7 225 Automation
  - 225 Automation—Introduction
  - 227 Track Based Automation
  - 232 Region Based Automation
  - 233 Hyper Draw
  - 236 Conversion of Automation Data
- Chapter 8 239 Global Tracks
  - 240 Display Options for Global Tracks
  - 240 How to Create, Move, Copy, and Delete Global Events
  - 242 Tempo Track
  - 244 Signature Track
  - 245 Transposition Track
  - 247 Video Track
- Chapter 9 249 Audio Window
  - 249 Audio Window—Introduction
  - 251 Layout
  - 253 Display
  - 256 Operation
  - 260 File Administration
  - 268 Further Options
- Chapter 10 271 Audio Drivers
  - 271 The Audio Hardware and Drivers Dialog
  - 274 Audio Engine
  - 274 Realtime Sample Rate Conversion
- Chapter 11 275 Sample Editor
  - 275 Sample Editor—Introduction
  - 277 Display
  - 280 The Sample Edit Window in Use
  - 288 Functions
  - 291 Digital Factory
- Chapter 12 297 Event List
  - 297 Using the Event List
  - 299 Display
  - 300 Operation
  - 302 Event List Structure
  - 305 Event Type Structure
  - 309 Tips for Numerical Input
  - 310 Event Float Window
- Chapter 13 311 Hyper Editor
  - 311 Hyper Editor—Introduction
  - 312 Hyper Sets
  - 313 Event Definitions
  - 319 Operation
- Chapter 14 323 Matrix Editor
  - 323 Matrix Editor—Introduction
  - 324 Display
  - 325 Editing Notes
  - 327 Hyper Draw in the Matrix Window
- Chapter 15 329 Score Editor
  - 329 Score Editor—Introduction
  - 331 Elements of the Score Edit Window
  - 332 Notation Concept
  - 336 General Appearance
  - 339 Input Methods in the Score Window
  - 339 Score Display Options—a Survey
  - 341 Printout
  - 342 Graphic Export
  - 343 Realtime MIDI Recording
  - 343 Step Input
  - 344 Mouse Input
  - 348 The Part Box
  - 369 Move, Copy, and Paste
  - 371 Editing or Deleting Notes and Symbols
  - 374 The Display Parameter Box
  - 380 Score Styles
  - 398 Note Attributes
  - 401 Instrument Sets and Score Display Levels
  - 410 Song Settings for Score Display
  - 423 Score Preferences
  - 425 Text: Input and Display
  - 432 Chord Symbols
- Chapter 16 437 The Transform Window
  - 437 Transform Window—Introduction
  - 439 Transformation
  - 444 Parameter Sets
- Chapter 17 447 Tempo
  - 447 Display and Functions
  - 448 Tempo List Editor
- Chapter 18 451 Synchronization
  - 451 Functions
  - 453 Synchronization Window
  - 459 Bar Ruler—Time Ruler
  - 460 Sync Problems and Solutions
- Chapter 19 461 Video
  - 461 Synchronizing QuickTime Movies
- Chapter 20 465 Song Settings and Preferences
  - 466 Song Settings
  - 476 Preferences
- Chapter 21 487 Control Surface Support
  - 488 Installation
  - 490 Setup Window Parameters
  - 495 Control Surface Preferences
  - 498 Customizing Control Surfaces
  - 500 The Controller Assignments Window
- Glossary 501
- Index 511
Logic Reference
- What Is Logic?
- About This Manual
  - Conventions of This Manual…
Using Logic
- Using the Mouse
- Input Options
- Tools and the Toolbox
- Window Functions
- Edit Operations
  - Undo
    - Multiple Undo and Redo
  - The Clipboard
    - Cut
    - Copy
    - Paste
    - Clear
- Selection Techniques
- General Functions of the Editors
- Key Commands
- Step Input
- Caps Lock Keyboard
  - Caps Lock Keyboard Preferences
  - Additional Caps Lock Keyboard Info
- Song Administration
- Standard MIDI Files
  - Loading Standard MIDI Files
    - Bank Select
  - Saving Standard MIDI Files
    - Preparing the Song
    - Saving a Song as a Standard MIDI File
- Apple Loops
  - The Loop Browser
  - Apple Loops Utility
- GarageBand File Import
- ReCycle Import
  - Recognized ReCycle File Formats
- OPEN TL Import
- Bouncing and POW-r Dithering
Transport
- The Transport Window
- The Bar Ruler
  - Color and Display
    - Start and End Markers
  - Song Position Line
    - Direct Placement
    - Scrubbing
- Cycle Mode
  - Defining the Cycle
  - Skip Cycle
    - Features of Skip Cycle Mode
- Recording
- Chase Events
Arrange Window
- Overview
  - Opening the Arrange Window
- Tracks
- Arrange Channel Strip
  - Resizing the Arrange Channel Strip
- MIDI Instruments
  - Creating a New Instrument
  - The Instrument Parameters
- MIDI Regions
- MIDI Region Playback Parameters
- Quantization
- Folders
- Aliases
  - Creating an Alias
    - Playback Parameters
  - Alias and Real Regions
- Time and Key Signature Editor
  - Functions
- Altering the Display
- Reset Functions
Audio in the Arrange Window
- Regions
- Audio Recording
- Functions
- Freeze
The Environment
- Environment—Introduction
  - Layers
  - Opening the Environment Window
- Basic Operation
- The MIDI Signal Path
- Environment Objects
- Faders
- Environment Exchange
Logic’s Mixing Facilities
- Audio Mixer
  - Setting Up Your Audio Mixer
    - Connections
  - Object Parameter Box
- Audio Objects in the Audio and Track Mixer
- Audio Object Types
- Track Mixer
- MIDI Channel Strips
  - Operation
  - Controls
Automation
- Automation—Introduction
  - Track Based Automation
  - Region Based Automation
- Track Based Automation
- Region Based Automation
- Hyper Draw
- Conversion of Automation Data
Global Tracks
- Display Options for Global Tracks
- How to Create, Move, Copy, and Delete Global Events
- Tempo Track
- Signature Track
  - Handling Signature Changes
  - Cutting Bars
- Transposition Track
  - Handling Events in the Transposition Track
- Video Track
Audio Window
- Audio Window—Introduction
  - Opening the Audio Window
- Layout
- Display
- Operation
- File Administration
- Further Options
  - Setting the Sample Rate
  - Varipitch/Varispeed Synchronization
Audio Drivers
- The Audio Hardware and Drivers Dialog
  - Core Audio
- Audio Engine
- Realtime Sample Rate Conversion
Sample Editor
- Sample Editor—Introduction
  - Opening the Sample Edit Window
  - Elements of the Sample Edit Window
- Display
- The Sample Edit Window in Use
- Functions
- Digital Factory
Event List
- Using the Event List
  - Opening the Event List
  - Structure
- Display
- Operation
- Event List Structure
  - … on the Event Level
  - … on Arrange Level
- Event Type Structure
- Tips for Numerical Input
- Event Float Window
Hyper Editor
- Hyper Editor—Introduction
- Hyper Sets
- Event Definitions
- Operation
Matrix Editor
- Matrix Editor—Introduction
  - Opening the Matrix Editor
- Display
- Editing Notes
- Hyper Draw in the Matrix Window
Score Editor
- Score Editor—Introduction
  - Opening the Score Edit Window
- Elements of the Score Edit Window
  - Along the Left-Hand Side:
  - Along the Top Margin:
  - The Main Working Area:
  - Positioning the SPL Directly in the Score
- Notation Concept
  - Basics
  - Staff Display…
    - …in Relation to the Position and Length of MIDI Regions in the Arrange Window
  - Aliases in the Score Display
    - Alias Editing
  - Basic Elements for Score Display
- General Appearance
  - View Menu
  - Other Options
- Input Methods in the Score Window
- Score Display Options—a Survey
- Printout
  - Using External Symbol Fonts for Display and Printout of Notes and Symbols
- Graphic Export
  - PICT Export Using the Camera Tool
- Realtime MIDI Recording
- Step Input
- Mouse Input
  - Input
  - MIDI Channel and Velocity of Inserted Objects
  - Insert Quantization
  - Simultaneous Input of Objects Into Several Regions
  - Exact Graphic Position of Symbols
  - Hyper Draw in the Score Edit Window
- The Part Box
  - Selecting and Inserting Part Box Objects
    - Using Floating Palettes
  - Object Selection by Key Commands
  - Display Size of Inserted Objects
  - Notes
    - Allowing Diatonic Input Only
  - Ties
    - Changing the Way Notes With Ties Are Displayed
  - N-Tuplets
    - Definition of Previously Recorded Notes As N-Tuplets
    - N-Tuplet Input With the Mouse
    - Changing or Deleting Existing Tuplets
    - Fast Input of Several Identical N-Tuplets
    - Editing Automatically Displayed Triplets
    - “Artificial” N-Tuplets to Bypass Display Quantization
  - Grace Notes, Independent Notes
    - Creating Independent Notes:
  - Sustain Pedal Symbols
  - Clefs
    - Octave Settings
  - Dynamic Symbols
  - Note Heads
    - Invisible Note Heads
  - Symbols Attached to Notes
    - MIDI Meaning
    - Quick Assignment With Key Commands
    - Inserting Independent Symbols
  - Jazz Symbols
  - Slurs, Crescendi
    - Input
    - Fast Slur and Crescendo Input With Key Commands
    - Altering the Shape
    - Changing the Position
    - Change of Length
    - Particular Attributes of Certain Symbols
    - Precise Positioning
  - Key Signatures
    - Deleting a Key Signature Change
    - Moving and Copying Key Signature Changes
  - Time Signatures
    - Compound Time Signatures
    - Invisible Time Signatures
    - Editing Time Signatures
  - Repeat Signs and Bar Lines
    - Moving, Deleting
    - Invisible Bar Lines
    - 1st and 2nd Endings
  - Trills, Tremolo, and so on
  - Rests, Bar Repeat Signs
    - Automatic Rest Display
    - Manually Inserted Rests
    - Multi Bar Rests
    - Bar Repeat Signs
  - Text Objects, Chord Symbols
  - D.S., D.C., Segno, Coda Signs
  - Tempo and Swing Symbols
- Move, Copy, and Paste
  - Moving/Copying With the Mouse
    - Positioning Grid
    - Moving and Copying Several Objects at Once
  - Via the Clipboard
  - Repeat Objects
- Editing or Deleting Notes and Symbols
  - Editing With Tools
  - Changes in the Event Parameter Box
  - Changing Several Selected Objects Simultaneously
    - Relative Change (Preserving Differences)
    - Absolute Change (All Values Set Equal)
  - Deleting Objects in the Score Editor
- The Display Parameter Box
  - Settings
  - Rhythmic Interpretation of Sequences
  - Name and Style
    - Title Line: Name of the Sequence
    - Style
  - Qua—Display Quantization
  - Interpretation
  - Syncopation
  - No Overlap
  - Max. Dots
- Score Styles
  - Basics
    - The Concept of Score Styles
    - Assigning Score Styles
  - Predefined Styles
  - Working With Score Styles
    - Assigning Score Styles to Sequences
    - Automatic Score Style Assignment for New Sequences
  - The Score Style Window
  - Handling Score Styles
  - Editing Single Staff Score Styles
    - Name
    - Space
    - Size
    - Clef
    - Trans
    - Key
    - Rest
    - Stem
    - Tie
    - Tupl
    - Beam
    - Color
  - Editing Two-Stave Score Styles
    - Number of Staves
    - Brackets and Bar Line Connections
  - Voice Separation Method
    - Voice Assignment When Using Mouse Input
  - Editing Single-Staff Polyphonic Styles
  - Input and Recording of Polyphonic Voices
    - Via MIDI
    - Mouse Input
  - Single-Staff Score Style With Optional Polyphony
  - Multi-Stave Polyphonic Score Styles
  - Cross Staff Beaming
  - Copying Voices or Staves
    - Copying Voices or Staves Into Other Score Styles
    - Deleting Voices in a Score Style
  - Drum Notation With Mapped Score Styles
- Note Attributes
  - Reset Note Attributes
  - List of All Note Attributes
- Instrument Sets and Score Display Levels
  - Display Levels
  - Instrument Sets
  - The Instrument Set Window
  - Importing Instrument Sets From Other Songs
  - Additional Information on Instrument Sets
  - Full Score and Part Layout
  - Line Breaks
    - Restriction to Local Movement
    - Combining Max.Bars/Line and Line Breaks
  - Local Margins
    - Deleting All Line Breaks and Local Margins
- Song Settings for Score Display
  - Importing All Score Settings
  - Global Format
  - Numbers & Names
  - Clefs & Signatures
  - Extended Layout Parameters
  - Guitar Tablature
    - Assign
    - Some More Information Concerning Tablature Notation in Logic:
  - MIDI Meaning
    - How It Works
  - Color
- Score Preferences
  - Dashed Song Position Line
  - Show Sequence Selection Colored
  - Fast (Lower Resolution) Curves on Screen
  - Display All Distance Values in Inches
  - Use external Symbol Font (if Available)/Only for Printout
  - Open Floating Palettes
  - Double Click Note to Open…
  - Graphic Export Resolution, Graphic Export to…, PICT File Creator ID
  - Auto Split Notes at…
- Text: Input and Display
  - Text Styles
  - Text Input
    - Simultaneous Text Input Into Several Staves
  - Editing Text
    - Deleting Text Objects
    - Copying Text Objects
  - Global Text
    - Input of Global Text
    - Positioning of Global Text
  - Automatic Text Objects
    - An Automatic Text Example
  - Lyrics
    - Some Hints for Working With Lyrics
- Chord Symbols
  - Inserting Chord Symbols
  - Handling Chord Symbols
The Transform Window
- Transform Window—Introduction
  - Usage
- Transformation
- Parameter Sets
  - Presets
  - Recalling Presets
Tempo
- Display and Functions
- Tempo List Editor
  - Other Functions
Synchronization
- Functions
- Synchronization Window
- Bar Ruler—Time Ruler
  - Positioning Bars to Frames
- Sync Problems and Solutions
Video
- Synchronizing QuickTime Movies
Song Settings and Preferences
- Saving of Song Settings and Preferences
- Song Settings
- Preferences
Control Surface Support
- Installation
- Setup Window Parameters
  - Device Parameters
  - Special Parameters
- Control Surface Preferences
  - General
  - Help Tags
- Customizing Control Surfaces
  - Shortcuts for Defining Multiple Assignments
- The Controller Assignments Window
Glossary
Index

447

17 Tempo

Logic provides several different tools and methods to

create and edit tempo events.

This chapter discusses these tools, and covers the possible interactions between tempo

events and MIDI and Audio Regions.

Display and Functions

Tempo Display

If your song has a tempo that stays the same throughout, you can set this constant

tempo in the Transport window.

The current tempo is always displayed here, even if you’re using programmed tempo

changes or external synchronization.

You can set the tempo display format on the Preferences > Display > Global preferences

page.

Tempo Track

Tempo changes are controlled by tempo events, which are stored in a special Tempo

track. This track can be displayed by choosing View > Global Track Components > Tempo.

The Tempo track applies to the whole song. The tempo track also determines the

relationship between incoming time code and the current song position.

Recording Tempo Changes

Open File > Song Settings > Recording and activate the Allow Tempo Change Recording

checkbox. All tempo alterations made during recording are automatically stored as

tempo events on the Tempo track. These events can be edited in one of the tempo

editors.