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48 Chapter 4 Dynamics
When using the Expander with Auto Gain active, the signal will sound softer even
when the peak level remains the same; in other words, the expander decreases
loudness. If you dramatically change the dynamics of a signal (by setting higher
Threshold and Ratio values), you may find that you need to reduce the output level
using the Gain slider to avoid distortion. In most cases, turning on Auto Gain will adjust
the signal to the correct level.
Limiter
The Limiter functions similarly to a compressor with one important difference: where a
compressor proportionally reduces the signal when it exceeds the threshold, a limiter
reduces any peak above the threshold to the threshold level, effectively limiting the
signal to this level. The Limiter is used primarily as a mastering effect.
Limiter Parameters
 Gain reduction meter: Shows the amount of limiting while the signal plays.
 Gain slider and field: Sets the amount of gain applied to the input signal.
 Lookahead slider and field: Adjusts how far ahead (in milliseconds) the Limiter
analyzes the audio signal.
 Release slider and field: Sets the amount of time after the signal falls below the
threshold before the Limiter stops limiting.
 Output Level knob and field: Sets the output level of the signal.
 Softknee button: When selected, the signal is limited only when it reaches the
threshold. When switched on, the transition to full limiting is nonlinear, producing a
softer, less abrupt effect, and reducing distortion artifacts that can be produced by
hard limiting.