Copyright (C) 1982 by Saturn Systems, Inc. Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Applesoft is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. VisiCaLc is a registered trademark of Personal Software, Inc. CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research, Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Registration Card Service 4 4 Chapter 1: Introduction 5 Chapter 2: Installation Instructions I. Recommended Location II. Installation III. Installing additional RAM boards 6 6 7 Chapter 3: Using The Saturn 64K and 128K RAM Board I. Use with Applesoft and Integer BASIC A. Apple II B. Apple II plus II. Operation with DOS 3.3 III. Treatment for Apple Language Card IV. Overview of Software A. MOVEDOS B. RAMEXPAND C. DOS PSEUDO—DISK D. PASCAL PSEUDO—DISK E.
II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. Use of RAMEXPAND A. Installation B. Command Set—up C. Calling RAMEXPAND D. Initializing RAMEXPAND E. Attaching Memory Blocks 1. 16K and 32K boards 2. 64K and 128K boards F. Reserving Space for BASIC G. Using a Firmware Card Precautions A. Protecting RAMEXPAND B. Setting MAXFILES C. Reloading RAMEXPAND D. Switching BASIC’s E. Resetting RAMEXPAND Entry Points F. Declaring Variables Error Handling A. Description B. Error Summary Current Limitations Example Program A.
B. Executing FILEMARKER C. Error Conditions VII. Using FILEMOVER A. Program Description B. Executing FILEMOVER C. Notes Concerning Use D. Error Conditions VIII. Using the Graphics Demo Programs A. Executing SLIDESHOW B. Using the Graphics Program 58 59 60 60 60 60 61 61 62 62 Chapter 8: CP/M Pseudo—Disk I. II. III. IV. Setting up the Pseudo—Disk Installing the Pseudo—Disk Using the Pseudo—Disk Limitations and Requirements 64 66 67 67 Chapter 9: Technical Information I.
REGISTRATION CARD: Please fill out and return at your earliest convenience, the enclosed registration card. This will enable Saturn Systems to notify you concerning future updates and new software releases relating to the Saturn 64K and 128K RAM boards. SERVICE: If your Saturn RAM board should require service, please return it to the dealer from whom it was purchased, or send it postage paid directly to Saturn Systems, Inc. Be sure to include proof of purchase. Ship to: Saturn Systems, Inc.
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION The Saturn 64K and 128K Ram Boards are expansion plug—in cards designed to provide an extra 64K or 128K bytes of random access memory for Apple II and Apple II plus computers. To make use of the additional memory, Saturn Systems provides a package of applications software at no additional charge. The Saturn RAM boards and accompanying software require that the Apple be outfitted with a full 48K of main board RAM, as most Apples are today.
Chapter 2 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS I. RECOMMENDED LOCATION The recommended location for the Saturn 64K or board depends upon whether an Apple Language card, card, or firmware card is already present in the system. 1. If a Language card or 16K board is in slot 0, Saturn 64K or 128K RAM board in any available slot. 128K 16K install RAM RAM the 2. If an Applesoft or Integer firmware card is already present in slot 0, remove it from the system or move it to another slot.
C. Align the gold edge connector fingers the socket, centering the card in the insertion. with the slot socket prior of to D. Apply gentle downward pressure with slight front to back rocking until the card seats fully. 7. Replace the cover by placing over opening, sliding forward until properly aligned, and applying pressure at the back until it snaps into place. Be careful not to apply pressure to the front of the Saturn RAM board as this may unseat the card. III.
Chapter 3 USING THE SATURN 64K AND 128K BOARDS Procedures for using the Saturn 64K and 128K RAM boards are described in this chapter, with particular emphasis being given to the operation of the card with APPLESOFT and INTEGER BASIC under DOS DOS 3.3. As indicated in the introduction to this manual, the Saturn 64K and 128K RAM boards have been designed to be compatible with existing software which runs on Apple’s Language card and other manufacturers 16K memory boards.
A. APPLE II: Since Apple II’s are provided with Integer BASIC in ROM, Applesoft can be made available by loading it into the Saturn 64K and 128K RAM Board (first 16K bank of this card). When Applesoft is required, it can be accessed by typing FP. The portion of the first bank of the Saturn RAM Board containing Applesoft is then enabled, which brings APPLESOFT into the machine in place of the main board ROM Basic (INTEGER). B. APPLE II PLUS: Apple II plus’ have Applesoft in ROM.
Although the Saturn 64K and 128K boards will appear as a 16K RAM board to much existing software, allowing this software to take advantage of this portion of the memory board, its real utility lies in the ability to use the additional memory on the board. Five software packages are provided with the 64K and 128K RAM boards, which are designed specifically to utilize all of the memory on these boards. In fact, more than one board (as well as a variety of other RAM boards) may be used with this software.
other expansion RAM boards (Saturn 32K, 64K, 128K) Removal of the Apple Language Card is required for operation in these cases. Support of the language card is expected in a future release of the CP/M and DOS Pseudo—Disks, which will be made available to Saturn RAM board users at minimal cost. An alternate solution to the multi—board Language card memory conflict problem involves a hardware modification to the Apple Language card. This modification is described in the Dec.
D. PASCAL PSEUDO—DISK (Chapter 7) This package allows you to emulate a disk drive under the PASCAL operating system. This results in increased throughput and faster system operation. Included are utilities for quickly moving files up onto the PSEUDO—DISK, etc. E. CP/M PSEUDO—DISK (Chapter 8) This package patches CP/M so that it can use the Saturn RAM board(s) as a fast disk drive.
Chapter 4 MOVEDOS DOS RELOCATION SOFTWARE The software provided with enables one to take advantage of these cards by moving DOS (DOS thus freeing up approximately 10K the Saturn 64K and 128K boards a portion of the RAM present on 3.2 or 3.3) up into the board, of memory for user programs. In a 48K system, DOS normally resides at the top of the 48K of RAM, occupying 10.5K of RAM (from $9~00 to $BFFF). HIMEM is set to reflect the presence of DOS (HIMEM = $9600).
64K or 128K board as well as the relocated DOS. Also, through the use of the DOS PSEUDO—DISK, the rest of the RAM board may be used as a fast RAM—DISK, greatly improving disk access and overall system performance (see Chapter 6) I. FEATURES OF THE RELOCATED DOS All the features of normal DOS are retained in this relocated DOS, including the ability to initialize disks. When a disk is initialized, the relocated DOS is written to the disk from the Saturn 64K or 128K board.
A. B. C. Running MOVEDOS with DOS 3.2 1. Boot a standard DOS 3.2 system. 2. Run the DEMUFFIN or similar program to convert the file MOVEDOS to 13 sector format. 3. Run MOVEDOS by typing BRUN MOVEDOS. The system will respond by displaying a message indicating that DOS is being loaded into the RAM board, the relocation will take place, and control will return to BASIC. 4.
the running of MOVEDOS also applies to MOVEDOS.LANG (sections A & B; above). III. USING AN APPLESOFT OR INTEGER CARD As indicated previously, a provision has been made in the relocated DOS to enable the use of an Apple Firmware card (Integer card or Applesoft card) from a slot other than 0. The relocated DOS is set up (as default) to look for the alternate BASIC (Applesoft in an Apple II and Integer in an Apple II plus) in the slot which contains the Saturn 64K or 128K RAM board.
Apple II Plus). PRECAUTIONS CONCERNING BOOTING DISKS: This precaution applies to systems which have been configured (using the configuration program) to use an Integer or Applesoft firmware card with the relocated DOS. In this situation, it is recommended that booting (via PR#6, etc.) be accomplished from the main board ROM BASIC (i.e. Applesoft in an Apple II plus; Integer [or monitor] in an Apple II), and not from the BASIC present in the Apple Firmware card.
to run these programs with the relocated DOS. The program called MOD, included in the software package with the Saturn 64K and 128K boards will repair this bug so that both FID and MUFFIN will run with the relocated DOS as well as the normal DOS. In addition to modifying FID for use with the relocated DOS, MOD will also make necessary changes to FID so that it can be used with the DOS PSEUDO—DISK (see Chapter 6). The modified FID can be used as a direct replacement for FID (as distributed on the DOS 3.
B. MEMORY USAGE The memory maps presented on the following two pages illustrate how the system is organized with the relocated DOS present in the Saturn 64K or 128K RAM board, as compared to the standard DOS memory configuration. For sake of simplicity, the configuration applies to an Apple II plus (Applesoft in ROM). For Apple II configuration, exchange the contents of main board ROMS with that of the first bank of the Saturn RAM board, in each diagram.
The following memory map describes an Apple II plus with a standard DOS present as well as INTEGER BASIC in the RAM board. The 2nd 16K bank of this board is unused in this memory configuration. For clarity, the additional 4K banks (unused) are not shown (see Chapter for more details concerninq these 4K banks). MAIN BOARD $FFFF 1st Bank $FFFF MAIN BOARD ROMS 2nd Bank $FFFF MONITOR INTEGER BASIC NOT USED (APPLESOFT) PR.
After running MOVEDOS (or booting the relocated DOS), the following memory map describes the same system (Apple II plus, 48K, INTEGER present in RAM board). Again, the additional 4K banks are not shown in the figure. MAIN BOARD $FFFF 1st Bank $FFFF MAIN BOARD ROMS 2nd Bank $FFFF MONITOR MONITOR INTEGER BASIC RELOCATED DOS PR.
C. MORE DETAILS CONCERNING MOVEDOS When MOVEDOS is executed, the following occurs: 1. A search is made starting at slot 0, and incrementing upward, for a Saturn 64K or 128K board. if it is not found, the program halts with an appropriate message. 2. The version of DOS present in RAM is determined (DOS 3.2 or 3.3) and the appropriate modifications are made to allow it to run (when relocated) up in the RAM board. The boot routine is modified to allow loading of DOS from disk directly into the memory card.
D. MISCELLANEOUS ROUTINES, POINTERS, ETC. Location Function $BFOO Routine which enables the 16K bank of Saturn 64K or 128K board which contains DOS (called prior to entering relocated DOS) This routine also disables card containing alternate BASIC. $BF17 Routine which disables 16K bank of Saturn 64K or 128K board which contains DOS. (called upon exit from relocated DOS) This routine also enables the alternate BASIC, if required.
Chapter 5 RAMEXPAND RAMEXPAND is a software package consisting of a set of functions for extending the amount of RAM available to Applesoft and Integer programs. RAMEXPAND will use the memory on one or more Saturn 32K, 64K or 128K RAM Boards as well as that on any 16K board present in the system. Information in the form of data and programs or subroutines can be saved on these extension RAM boards for later retrieval.
ters. The file RAMEXPAND is the portion of the system which resides in the Saturn RAM board. RAMEXPAND.LOW is the portion which resides in low RAM (normally at HIMEM). This low RAM portion of RAMEXPAND can actually be loaded and executed anywhere in low RAM (0 — 48K), although it is normally located at HIMEM, with HIMEM being lowered to protect it. C. DATA STRUCTURE RAMEXPAND saves and recalls selected parts of program text or data. Each portion is saved in an independent area in extended RAM.
$FFFF ------------------- 12k $EOOO 12k [8] ------- [16] 4k [32] $DOOO 4k [64] ------- 16K Bank 1 16K Bank 2 The following table gives the relationship between RAMEXPAND block designations and the bank designations established in the Technical Information Chapter of the Saturn 32K RAM board manual.
$FFFF -----------------------12K 12K [8] "32K Section” DESIGNATION [16] $EOOO --------4K [32] 4K [64] 256 $DOOO 16K Bank 1 $FFFF -----------------------16K Bank 2 -----------------------12K 12K [8] ------ [16] $EOOO $DOOO $FFFF 4K [32] -------- ----16K Bank 3 4K [64] 16K Bank 4 -----------------------12K [8] $EOOO 12K [16] -------------4K [32] $DOOO 16K Bank 5 $FFFF $EOOO $DOOO 512 4K [64] 1024 -----------------------16K Bank 6 -----------------------12K 12K [8] [16] ----------
Thus, in order to specify a given block of memory in a 64K or 128K board, the block designation number (8, 16, 32 or 64) must be provided as well as the designation assigned to the particular “32K section” of the board (256 = 1st 32K section, 512 = 2nd 32K section, 1024 3rd 32K section, 2048 4th 32K section). Refer to section II.E for the actual procedure used to tell RAMEXPAND which memory block to use. E.
Respond by entering the slot number containing the memory card (32K, 64K or 128K RAM board) into which RAMEXPAND is to be loaded ENTER TYPE OF CARD YOU ARE LOADING 1= 2= 3= 4= 128K (or 64K) 32K 128K (or 64K) , Language card present 32K, Language card present Responses: 1. Enter 1 if RAMEXPAND is being loaded into a Saturn 128K or 64K card and an Apple Language card is not present in the system. 2. Enter 2 if RAMEXPAND is being loaded into a Saturn card and no Apple Language card is present in the system.
In general the values represent the following: A. FUNCTION. The first value identifies the function performed. This must be an integer in the range 0 to 14. B. SEGMENT NAME. The second value gives the segment to use. (values: integer 1 — 32,767) name of to the be RAM C. ERROR STATUS. The third value must be a variable name. RAMEXPAND will store a status value in the variable upon completion of the function. This can be used to determine if the function was performed successfully. D. START.
memory board. 1. Saturn 32K and standard 16K RAM boards: The following procedure is used for attaching memory on a Saturn 32K board, or a 16K RAM card. blocks of To attach a single block to RAMEXPAND, the chosen block and slot number containing the memory card are stipulated as follows: a) A block selection parameter is calculated by adding the slot # of the memory card to the block designation # (given in section I.D.l).
2 [slot #] + 128 [to indicate that this is a 54K or 128K board] + 8 F 12K block designation #1 + 256 [ 1st “32K section” designation #] = 394. b) This block selection parameter is supplied as the second parameter in CM$ when the connect function (#9) is executed. Thus in the above example, CM$ “9,394,A,0,0”, where A = error status variable Additional calls to RAMEXPAND (function #9) may be used to connect other blocks of memory as desired.
F. RESERVING SPACE FOR BASIC Space in a Saturn 32K, 64K or 128K RAM Board can be reserved for the alternate BASIC (Integer BASIC in Apple TI Plus; by not attaching the first 12K block (block designation #8) of the Saturn RAM board. The 4K block (designation #32) may be used for storage by RAMEXPAND without disturbing BASIC in the 12K block. G. USING A FIRMWARE CARD If An Apple Firmware card is present in the system, the RAMEXPAND system can be accessed from it as well.
E. RESETTING RAMEXPAND ENTRY POINTS The entry point into RAMEXPAND that is used when calling it is normally stored in locations 11—12. This entry point corresponds to the first location of the low RAM portion of RAMEXPAND, which is normally at HIMEM. If locations 11—12 are changed or clobbered, they must be reset before using RAMEXPAND from BASIC programs through a CALL 10 or the Applesoft USR function. F.
B.
The program will demonstrate the operation of the following functions. 1. 2. 3. 4. Store Fetch Store Fetch array (#5) array (#6) subroutine or program segment (#3) subroutine or program segment (#4) In addition, several support functions are used. 1. 2. A. Initialize RAMEXPAND (#14) Connect Blocks (#9) To execute the demonstration program, 1. Relocate DOS (BRUN MOVEDOS or boot a relocated DOS) 2. Run the loading program, RAMEXPA.LOAD. 3.
b) ARRAY DEMO — This option will demonstrate the saving and loading of an array from extended RAM using RAMEXPAND functions. c) LOAD PROGRAM SEGMENT 1 — This will load the previously stored program segment starting at statement number 5000. d) LOAD PROGRAM SEGMENT 2 (same as in c) e) LOAD PROGRAM SEGMENT 3 (same as in C) f) EXECUTE PROGRAM CURRENTLY IN MEMORY - This will run the program segment which was loaded last.
VII.
VIII. COMMAND SYNTAX AND DESCRIPTION 0 — No—op No values other than function. 1 — Store program function, segment name, error status, unused, unused This function stores all of the current program in a new segment. The new segment is given the name specified in the second value. The segment name may not already exist.
of the program from the starting line number up to and including the ending line number is saved. Error status: 0 1 2 7 9 10 12 = = = = = = = success illegal function variable not found segment already exists illegal segment name no program area specified not enough room in extended RAM 4 — Fetch subroutine or program segment function, segment name, error status, start line number, unused This function retrieves the named segment.
6 — Fetch contents of array function, segment name, error status, array name, array length This function retrieves the named segment and stores the contents in the named real, integer, or string array Integer Basic only). The array must be specified by name. If the array length value is specified, it must be a variable name. If it is specified, RAMEXPAND will return the number of bytes actually stored in the array in this variable. This can be used to determine how much data was returned.
8 — Delete segment function, segment name, error status, unused, unused This function deletes the segment named. This makes the space in extended RAM available for other uses. Error status: 0 1 2 8 9 = = = = = success illegal function variable not found segment not found illegal segment name 9 — Connect blocks function, block selection, error status, unused, unused This function identifies new blocks of memory for use by RAMEXPAND.
Error status: 0 1 2 3 5 6 = = = = = = success illegal function variable not found block already in use illegal block selection parameter RAM not in specified slot 10 — Disconnect blocks function, block selection, error status, return—name, unused This function disconnects blocks of memory from use by RAMEXPAND. The specified blocks must be empty or RAMEXPAND will not disconnect them. The block selection format is the same as specified in the “connect” function.
This function looks up an existing segment name. It then returns the next name following the specified name. This may be used to step through all the segments to see which names are used. The segment name value must be a variable name to have a new name returned. If the length variable is specified, the length of the new segment will be returned in the length variable. To get the first segment name, zero should be specified for the starting segment name.
11 = no array specified 12 = not enough room in extended RAM 16 — Fetch contents of Applesoft String array function, segment name, error status, array name, unused (For use with Applesoft string arrays only!) This function retrieves the named segment and stores the contents in the named Applesoft sring array. The array must be specified by name.
Chapter 6 DOS PSEUDO—DISK This software package enables one to use the Saturn RAM Board(s) for storing programs and data in a very similar manner as is done on disk, Of course, the RAM board does not in any way resemble a disk drive; however, through appropriate software, DOS can be fooled into thinking that the card(s) is just another disk drive. As a result, applications programs which use DOS for saving and loading programs and data will also see the Saturn RAM board as a disk drive.
There are two basic steps which must be taken in order to be able to use the PSEUDO DISK. These are: 1. Set up the PSEUDO DISK 2. Install the PSEUDO DISK These must be performed in the order given above. II. SETTING UP THE PSEUDO DISK This step primarily involves telling the system where the memory cards are, and what portions, if not all, are to be used. To set it up, Run the Applesoft program PSEUDODISK. Both PSEUDO.NRM and PSEUDO.MVD must be present on the disk along PSEUDO—DISK.
WHICH SLOT? Enter the slot of the first memory card. The system will prompt for the type of card present 128K, 64K, 32K, 16K. Enter the card type (ex. 128K) If this card was in slot 0 the system will ask: DO YOU WANT TO SAVE ROOM FOR BASIC? Enter the appropriate response. If N, the system will ask, one bank at a time, whether you want to use this bank. If the relocated DOS is being used, be sure to reserve Bank 2 of the 64K or 128K board which contains the relocated DOS. Repeat the system.
directory. The PSEUDO DISK can be accessed in the same manner as a real disk, using the slot and drive designation previously specified (default slot 5, Dl). Example: CATALOG S5, Dl will display the catalog of the PSEUDO DISK. IV. RECONNECTING THE PSEUDO DISK Because the PSEUDO DISK system consists of special drivers and some patches to DOS, every time the system is re—booted after the PSEUDO DISK has been installed, these patches are overwritten, resulting in disconnection of the PSEUDO DISK.
VI. USING THE PSEUDO DISK Once the pseudo—disk has been initialized and installed(by running the appropriate BASIC program or BRUNing the SATURN DISK program), it can be used as a standard disk drive. Its directory will be empty and files can be saved on it like a real disk drive. The number of files that can be stored on the pseudo—disk is limited to the amount of memory being used for it.
(and is executed by the BASIC program, PSEUDO DISK) and initialization of the PSEUDO DISK when the relocated DOS is used. The driver routines for the PSEUDO DISK are located just below the interface routines to the relocated DOS ($BEOO) with HIMEM set to protect it from being overwritten.
Chapter 7 PASCAL PSEUDO—DISK The enclosed SATURN SYSTEMS PASCAL diskette includes the following programs for use with Apple PASCAL version 1.1: PSEUDO: A program to configure the system. (i.e. to tell the system where the memory cards are located, This needs to be run only upon installation, unless your memory card(s) are moved.) ATTACH: A set of programs which automatically install the PASCAL PSEUDO—DISK upon booting, if desired. If it is already installed, it leaves it in place upon rebooting.
I. PASCAL PSEUDO—DISK SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS: A. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: An Apple II with 48K of on board memory, a least one disk drive (1—5 drives may be used) and a Saturn Systems Inc. 32K, 64K or 128K RAM Board, are the minimum hardware requirements, for PASCAL pseudo—disk operation. Any of the following expansion RAM cards may be used in slot zero: A) Apple Language Card B) 16K RAM card C) Any Saturn RAM Board (32K, 64K, 128K) Additional Saturn RAM Boards may also be placed in additional slots.
AVAILABLE CAPACITY IN BLOCKS (After allowing 4 blocks for the directory and 2 boot blocks) Saturn Boards Installed with the following: Saturn Systems Board Type: One Board, Slot Zero: +Language Card: +16K Card: +32K Card: 32K Board: 26 50 58 90 64K Board: 90 106 122 154 128K Board: 218 218 250 284 32K Board: 90 106 122 154 64K Board: 218 218 250 284 128K Board: 474 474 506 506 Using Two: III. A.
2. Execute the file PSEUDO. A menu will be displayed: APPLE PASCAL PSEUDO DISK COPYRIGHT 1982 Kenneth Roe COPYRIGHT 1982 Saturn Systems, Inc. <1> <2> <3> <4> LOOK AT CONFIGURATION CHANGE CONFIGURATION PUT CONFIGURATION IN ATTACH.DRIVERS AND EXIT EXIT a) Select option 2 and modify the slot contents to match your system configuration, entering the location and type of all the memory cards in the system. Next, modify the parameters to set the directory block count (default=4).
SUMMARY: IV. 1. Make sure that the files listed on the proceding page, are present on the boot diskette. 2. Run PSEUDO, from the boot diskette. This will insure PSEUDO will write out ATTACH.DRIVERS on the boot diskette. 3. Transfer ATTACH.DRIVERS and ATTACH.DATA from this disk to a new boot disk. 4. Transfer SYSTEM.ATTACH to this new boot disk. 5. Install the new boot disk in drive #4 and turn the power off, then turn the power on again to install the PSEUDO DISK.
contents of a minifloppy diskette to the PSEUDO DISK. The fast access times of the PSEUDO DISK may be utilized for files thus transferred. C. EXECUTING FASTCOPY Warning: Fastcopy is designed to over—write any existing on the destination diskette. (See “intended use” and “notes” below.) FASTCOPY may be executed from any Volume or Drive. Upon execution, FASTCOPY will present select U)ploading or D)ownloading or Q)uit.
E. ERROR CONDITIONS FLAGGED BY FASTCOPY: FASTCOPY will inform the operator when the following conditions exist: Condition: Action taken: Source volume not on line: Message displayed: “Error reading source volume.” “Press any key to return to the menu” Destination volume not on line: Similar action is taken, with destination volume cited in message. Boot volume not on line at exit: Message displayed: “Place Boot Disk in drive #4” “Press any key to return to menu” VI. USING FILEMARKER: A.
Along with the above information, FILEMARKER displays a indicator which points to a file in the directory. This pointer may be moved up or down the list of files with the Left and Right Arrow keys. A file may be selected for transfer or removed from the list to be transferred by pressing the spacebar, while the indicator is pointing to its name in the directory. The amount of space left on Pseudo—disk after each file selection is made is indicated in the upper right corner of the screen.
VII. USING FILEMOVER : A. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION AND INTENDED USE: FILEMOVER is a utility program designed to read a data file (FILEMARKER.DATA) containing a list of filenames that reside on a floppy diskette and transfer these files from that disk up to the Pseudo—Disk. It has been designed to be a startup program whose function is to pre—load the Pseudo—Disk with files that are regularly required by the user when the system is first turned on.
Except for system files, if a file suffix or .CODE, that file will be copied as a data file. is not .TEXT, Stating the last paragraph another way: SYSTEM.EDITOR, SYSTEM:FILER, etc. will be moved properly as will files ending in PROGRAM will be transferred, but will be marked in the disk directory as a data file. A file labelled as such cannot be executed by the system.
The graphics demonstration programs provided on the Saturn Systems PASCAL diskette are meant to illustrate the way in which graphics programs may move graphics to and from the Pseudo—disk. A. EXECUTING SLIDESHOW: (The following expects that a boot volume has been prepared according to instruction in this chapter regarding installation a Pseudo—disk automatically upon boot up, and sufficient memory and drives are available.) 1. Boot up a two—drive system using Applel. 2.
CHAPTER 8 CP/M PSEUDO DISK The CP/M PSEUDO DISK is a software package which sets up Saturn RAM boards for use as a fast “RAM” disk drive under the CP/M operating system. It will operate with Saturn 32K, 64K, 128K RAM boards, as well as standard 16K RAM cards. Patches are made to the BIOS portion of CP/M to fool it into thinking that the memory on the board(s) is just another disk drive.
I. 1. The PSEUDO DISK must be set up. 2. The PSEUDO DISK drivers must be installed and the system initialized. SETTING UP THE PSEUDO DISK This step involves telling the system where the memory cards are (which slots) and what portions of these are to be used. In addition, the drive to be assigned as the PSEUDO DISK and the number of directory blocks to be allocated is also specified. The following files are required in order to set up the PSEUDO DISK. PSEUDO.BAS PSEUDO .COM INIT. COM INIT2 .COM PARAM.
CP/M PSEUPO DISK DRIVE C: SLOT DIRECTORY BLOCKS 1 BANK 12345678 SLOT 0 1 2 3 BANK 12345678 4 5 6 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Y=USED N=NOT USED C=RESERVED FOR CP/M (1> CHANGE SLOT CONTENTS <2> CHANGE DISK PARAMETERS <3> EXIT WHICH OPTION? Now select option 1 to enter slot contents.
2. Select option (Default = 1) 2 to change the number of directory blocks NOTE: Each directory block can hold 32 directory entries. Once all of the cards have been specified and the parameters entered, select 3 to exit and 3 once again to exit back to the main menu. The system will update the PARAM.DAT file with the new parameters. The last thing that must be done prior to installation the PSEUDO DISK is to set up the INIT.COM and INIT2.COM files.
III. USING THE PSEUDO DISK After the PSEUDO DISK has been installed, it is accessed just like another disk drive, using the drive designation assigned to it (default = C:). Files can be transferred to and from it using standard file copy programs such as PIP. In fact, a submit file can be used to: 1. Install the PSEUDO DISK. 2. Copy several files. by using a single command. FOR EXAMPLE, the following submit file, XFER.
Chapter 9 TECHNICAL INFORMATION I. ADDRESSING THE SATURN 64K AND 128K RAM BOARDS The Saturn 64K RAM board contains 64K bytes(and the 128K RAM board, 128K bytes) of RAM memory, divided into 16K byte banks. These banks are selected independently of each other, and in many respects appear as four 16K RAM boards (for the 64K RAM board) or eight 16K RAM boards (for the Saturn 128K board) occupying a single slot.
The following memory map depicts present on the 128K RAM board. Only displayed are present on the 64K board.
II. CONTROLLING THE SATURN 64K and 128K RAM BOARD The Saturn 64K and 128K boards are controlled using 16 locations in the range $CONO — $CONF, where N = 8 + Saturn board slot #. Thus for slot zero operation, the control addresses are in the range $C080 to $C08F. These locations are in the Apple’s peripheral I/O space as described in Apple II reference manual, p. 80. They are used by the Saturn 64K and 128K boards to control the following functions: 1.
The following table summarizes the various mode combinations which are available.
Using the appropriate mode combination (previous table), any given byte of memory on the Saturn RAM board can be accessed. In fact, in several modes (CON1, CON9) the main board ROM’s are accessed during a read from $DOOO $FFFF, whereas the RAM on the Saturn RAM board is written to during a write operation. This enables one to write to the RAM while running BASIC in ROM which occupies the same address space.
The LEDs are defined as follows (left to right when board is oriented face up, with LEDs a the top of the board), A3, Al, AO, RAM READ.
IV. SPECIFICATIONS A. Memory Type: Access time: Refresh: dynamic 200ns 7 bit B. Power consumption (average) +5V l6Oma C.
SATURN RAM BOARD WARRANTY Saturn Systems, Inc. (551) warrants this product to be free of defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the original date of purchase to the original user only. During this period, 551 will repair (or, at its option, replace) this product free of charge, provided that it is returned with dated proof of purchase to Saturn Systems, Inc., 3990 Varsity Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48104.
