GarageBand ’09 Getting Started Includes a tour of the GarageBand window and step-by-step tutorials to help you start creating music and podcasts with GarageBand.
1 2 Contents Chapter 1 6 6 7 7 7 8 Welcome to GarageBand What You’ll Learn Before You Begin What You Need to Get Started Where to Go for Help Finding Out More Chapter 2 9 10 12 14 14 15 16 17 18 18 20 22 22 24 26 28 GarageBand at a Glance GarageBand Window Timeline Editor For Real Instrument Tracks For Software Instrument Tracks–Piano Roll View For Software Instrument Tracks–Score View For Podcast and Movie Projects–Marker View Loop Browser Button View Column View Track Info Pane Real Instrument and
4 35 36 36 36 37 Saving a Project Creating a Magic GarageBand Project Choosing Different Instruments in Magic GarageBand Shuffling Instruments in Magic GarageBand Mixing Instruments in Magic GarageBand Playing and Recording Your Instrument in Magic GarageBand Chapter 4 40 41 41 42 43 44 44 45 47 47 47 48 48 Tutorial 2: Learning to Play Guitar and Piano Opening a Learn to Play Lesson Choosing Chapters and Subchapters Playing a Lesson Playing Your Instrument with a Lesson Changing the Speed of a Lesson R
70 4 Printing Music Notation Chapter 7 71 72 73 74 75 75 76 76 76 77 77 78 79 79 80 Tutorial 5: Adding Apple Loops Searching for Loops to Use in a Project Searching for Loops in Button View Searching for Loops in Column View Previewing Loops Refining Loop Searches Searching by Name Showing Loops from a Specific Jam Pack or Folder Searching by Scale Type Limiting Searches to Nearby Keys Marking Loops as Favorites Adding Loops to the Timeline Changing Apple Loops in the Same Family Adding Loops to the Lo
95 96 97 98 98 100 Types of Effects Adding Effects to a Track Turning Effects On and Off Choosing an Effect Preset Creating and Saving Effect Presets Automating Your Mix Chapter 10 102 102 103 103 103 104 105 105 106 107 107 107 108 108 108 108 109 110 110 110 110 111 111 111 Tutorial 8: Creating Podcasts Types of Podcasts Creating an Audio Podcast Creating a Podcast Project Recording Narration and Dialogue Adding Podcast Sounds Importing Media Files with the Media Browser Adding Music Adding and Editin
1 Welcome to GarageBand 1 GarageBand puts a music studio on your computer, where the band is never late and always plays in tune. This document gives you useful information and step-by-step instructions for creating projects with GarageBand. With GarageBand, you can record, arrange, and mix your music, and then share it with the world. GarageBand includes a complete recording studio, a set of pro-quality instruments and effects, and a large library of prerecorded sounds you can use in your projects.
Before You Begin To make it easier to follow the tutorials as you work, print each tutorial before you start. In many of the tasks shown in this document you need to choose menu commands. In the tutorials, and in GarageBand Help, menu commands appear like this: Choose Edit > Join Selected. The first term after Choose is the name of the menu in the GarageBand menu bar. The word or phrase following the angle bracket is the command you choose from that menu.
Finding Out More For up-to-date information on GarageBand, including news about new features, user tips, and a list of supported music equipment, go to the GarageBand website at www.apple.com/ilife/garageband.
2 GarageBand at a Glance 2 This chapter gives you a tour of the GarageBand window. You’ll learn the names and locations of controls, as well as their functions. It’s a good idea to take a look at these pages even if you don’t plan to complete the tutorials, because knowing the names and functions of the GarageBand controls will make it easier to find answers to your questions in GarageBand Help. You may find the descriptions here are enough to get you started working on your own projects.
GarageBand Window A B C D F 10 E Chapter 2 GarageBand at a Glance F G H
A Timeline: Contains the tracks where you record instruments, add loops, and arrange regions. Also includes the beat ruler, which you use to move the playhead and align items in the timeline. See “Timeline” on page 12 for a description of the features and controls of the timeline. B Track headers: The instrument icon and name are shown at the left of each track’s header. Click the track name to type a new name. Click the Record Enable button (the red circle) to turn on the track for recording.
Timeline The timeline contains the tracks where you record instruments, add loops, and arrange regions to build your song arrangement.
A Beat ruler: Shows the units of time (either beats and measures or minutes and seconds) in the timeline. You can click the beat ruler to move the playhead to any point in the timeline. B Tracks: You record and arrange your music in the tracks in the timeline. You can add tracks and change the instrument and effects for each track. C Master track: You can use the automation curves in the master track to add a fade-in or fade-out, change the tempo, or transpose parts of the project to a different key.
Editor The editor is like a microscope showing a close-up view of the regions in a track. You can edit Real Instrument and Software Instrument regions in the editor. For Real Instrument Tracks When you select a Real Instrument track (with a blue header), the editor shows the waveform of the regions in the track. You can crop, join, move, transpose, and rename regions in the editor.
For Software Instrument Tracks–Piano Roll View When you select a Software Instrument track (with a green header), the editor shows a graphic “piano roll” display of the track or selected region. You can edit individual notes in Software Instrument regions, fix the timing of notes, and transpose and rename regions. You can also show and edit controller data for pitch bend, a modulation wheel, or a sustain pedal, recorded when you play your music keyboard.
For Software Instrument Tracks–Score View You can also view Software Instrument tracks and regions in score view. In score view, notes and other musical events are shown in standard music notation. You can edit notes, note velocity, and pedal markings in score view. A H I J K B C D E F G 16 A B C Piano Roll/Score buttons: Click to change the editor to piano roll (graphic) view or score view. D Velocity slider: Drag the slider to change the velocity of selected notes.
For Podcast and Movie Projects–Marker View When you’re working on a podcast episode, you can view and edit markers in the editor. In the marker list you can edit each marker’s time position, marker region artwork, URL, URL title, and chapter title. You can also add episode artwork in the editor. D B A C E F G H A Episode Artwork well: Drag artwork here to represent the podcast. (Appears only when you are creating a podcast.
Loop Browser Using the loop browser, you can quickly search for loops to add to your projects. You can find loops using keywords for an instrument, musical genre, or mood. You can also perform text searches and refine your results in several ways. The loop browser shows the tempo, key, and number of beats for each matching loop. You can preview loops in the loop browser before you add them to a project, and add more loops to GarageBand by dragging them onto the loop browser.
A View buttons: Click one of the buttons to show column view, button view, or podcast sounds view. B Loop library pop-up menu: Choose the loops you want to show in the loop browser from the pop-up menu. C Keyword buttons: Click a keyword button to display matching loops in the results list. You can click multiple keyword buttons to narrow your results. Reset button: Deselects all currently selected buttons, so you can start a new search.
Column View In column view, the loop browser features columns for keyword type, categories, and keywords. Click a keyword type to show categories for that type, click a category to show keywords, then click a keyword to show matching loops in the results list.
A View buttons: Click one of the buttons to show column view, button view, or podcast sounds view. B Loop library pop-up menu: Choose the loops you want to show in the loop browser from the pop-up menu. C Keyword type column: Click a keyword type to show the categories for that keyword type in the middle column. D E F G Category column: Click a category to show keywords for that category in the right column.
Track Info Pane The Track Info pane shows the current instrument, effects, and input settings for the selected track, and shows the master effects settings for the master track. You can change these settings in the Track Info pane. Real Instrument and Software Instrument Tracks Some controls in the Track Info pane are different for Real Instrument tracks than for Software Instrument tracks (as noted in the following descriptions).
A B Browse button: Click to view the instrument list, icon menu, and input controls for the track. C Instrument category list: Click an instrument category to see the instruments for that category in the instrument list on the right. D E Instrument list: Select an instrument from the list. F Instrument library pop-up menu: Choose which instruments you want to see in the category and instrument lists from the pop-up menu.
Electric Guitar Track The Electric Guitar track shows the guitar amp and stompbox effects on the stage.
A B Guitar preset pop-up menu: Choose a guitar preset from the menu. C Stompbox effects: Shows a visual representation of the stompbox effects in the current preset. Click a stompbox to see its stompbox controls below the stage. D Controls area: When the amp is selected, shows the amp controls. When a stompbox is selected, shows its stompbox controls. Drag the knobs to change the amp or stompbox control settings. Click the bypass switch for a stompbox effect to turn the effect on or off.
Master Track The Track Info pane for the master track shows the global project settings and effects settings for the overall project. Global project settings include tempo, time signature, and key. Global effects settings include master echo, reverb, EQ, and compressor.
The Echo and Reverb sliders for each track control the amount of echo and reverb sent from that track to the master echo and reverb effects. In the Track Info pane for the master track, you can change the master echo and reverb effects. A B Browse button: Click to view the instrument list, icon menu, and input controls for the track. C Master effects category list: Click a category to see the effects for that category in the master effects list on the right.
Media Browser With the Media Browser, you can find and add songs from your iTunes library, photos from your iPhoto library, iMovie projects, and other video files. A B C D E 28 A B Media Type buttons: Click the button for the type of media files you want to work with. C D E Media list: View, preview, and select media files to add to your project. Source list: Navigate to the folder containing the files you want to use. You can also add folders by dragging them from the Finder.
3 Tutorial 1: Creating and Playing GarageBand Projects 3 You can create GarageBand projects for songs, podcasts, ringtones, and more. You can play projects to hear you music, and save them in several ways. In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to:  Create a new project from a template  Choose project settings for tempo, key, and time signature  Play the project  Save the project Creating a New Project You start working in GarageBand by creating a project.
To create a new music project: 1 Choose File > New. The New Project dialog appears, with buttons for different project types, including New Project, Magic GarageBand, and iPhone Ringtone. Click the New Project button. Project templates appear in the main area of the window. Templates are included for voice, acoustic instrument, electric guitar, keyboard, songwriting, loops, and podcast episode. 2 Click the icon for the template you want to use, then click Choose.
 By adding and arranging Apple Loops in the timeline  By creating a Magic GarageBand project  By viewing and playing along with a Learn to Play lesson Playing a Project After you’ve added some recordings, loops, or audio files to your project, you’ll want to play the project to hear how it sounds. You play projects using either the Space bar on your computer keyboard or the transport controls, which are located in the control bar below the timeline.
Moving the Playhead The playhead is a vertical line extending through the timeline that shows the part of the project currently playing, or the place where playback starts when you click the Play button. The triangle at the top of the playhead shows its current position in the beat ruler. The beat ruler marks the units of time in the project, either in beats and measures (musical time) or minutes and seconds.
Changing the Project Tempo, Key, and Time Signature Each GarageBand project includes settings for tempo, key, and time signature. When you add loops or create recordings in a music project, GarageBand matches them to the project tempo and key so that they sound good together. You can choose the project tempo, key, and time signature in the Save As dialog when you create a new project, or in the LCD while you’re working on the project. Changing the Tempo Each project has a speed, or tempo.
Setting the Time Signature Each project has a time signature, which controls the relationship between beats and measures. A project’s time signature consists of two numbers separated by a forward slash, which look similar to a fraction. The number on the left controls the number of beats in each measure, and the number on the right controls the beat value (the length of the note that gets one beat).
When you close a project, by default GarageBand creates an iLife preview for the project. An iLife preview lets you preview the project in the Media Browser and in other iLife applications. It can also increase the project’s file size. You can select whether to create an iLife preview for projects in the General pane of GarageBand preferences. Creating a Magic GarageBand Project You can quickly create a Magic GarageBand project.
4 To preview the song, click the Play button. Magic GarageBand opens in a full-screen view, with the instruments for the project displayed on the stage, and a control bar with playback and other controls below the stage. You can change between this view and a window view by clicking the View button on the lower-right part of the stage.
To show the mixer for an instrument: 1 Click an instrument on the stage. A small window showing the instrument name appears. 2 Click the disclosure triangle to show the mixing controls for the instrument. Mixing controls To mute an instrument: m Click the Mute button in the mixer. To solo an instrument: m Click the Solo button in the mixer. To adjust the volume of an instrument: m Drag the volume slider in the mixer.
2 Choose the input for the instrument you want to play from the My Instrument pop-up menu. Â If you’re playing a USB or MIDI music keyboard, choose Keyboard. Â If you’re playing a guitar connected to your computer’s audio input port, choose Guitar. Â If you’re using your computer’s built-in microphone, choose Internal Mic. Â If you’re using a microphone connected to an audio interface, choose External Mic. Â If you’re playing a guitar connected to an audio interface, choose External Guitar.
Tuning Your Guitar in Magic GarageBand If you’re using a guitar as My Instrument, you can tune the guitar in Magic GarageBand. To tune your guitar in Magic GarageBand: 1 Make sure that My Instrument is selected on the stage. 2 Click the Tuner button next to the My Instrument pop-up menu. The tuner appears below the stage. 3 Play a note on your guitar and watch the tuner. Be sure to play only a single note. The note name appears in the center of the tuner.
4 Tutorial 2: Learning to Play Guitar and Piano 4 Learn to Play lessons make it easy to learn guitar and piano in GarageBand. You can learn basic techniques and also purchase Artist Lessons to learn songs from the artists who created them.
Opening a Learn to Play Lesson GarageBand includes one basic lesson for guitar and one for piano. In the New Project dialog, you can choose and open the lessons installed on your computer. You can also download additional free basic lessons and purchase Artist Lessons in the New Project dialog. To open a Learn to Play lesson: 1 Choose File > New. 2 In the New Project dialog, click Learn to Play. The basic lessons installed on your computer appear in the main area of the window.
To choose a chapter or subchapter: 1 If the chapter list is not visible, move the pointer over the left side of the video area. 2 Select the chapter or subchapter you want to play. Select chapters and subchapters here. Playing a Lesson After you choose the chapter you want to play, you can start playing the lesson. To play a lesson: m Click the Play button, or press the Space bar. To stop playback: m Click the Play button, or press the Space bar again. The lesson starts playing from the beginning.
To play a section repeatedly: 1 Click the Cycle button (with curved arrows) in the control bar. 2 Click the section you want to play. Shift-click adjacent sections to play them in sequence. 3 Click the Play button, or press the Space bar. The selected sections start playing, and continue to repeat until you click the Play button or press the Space bar again. Playing Your Instrument with a Lesson You can play your guitar or piano along with the lesson.
Changing the Speed of a Lesson You can slow down a lesson to make it easier to learn or practice a difficult part of the lesson. You can slow down the lesson to as much as half the original speed. As you learn to play the part more easily, you can gradually speed up the lesson to the original tempo. To change the speed of a lesson: 1 Drag the Speed slider, located in the control bar next to the metronome, to the left to slow down the lesson. 2 To speed up the lesson, drag the Speed slider to the right.
To record multiple takes: 1 Click the Cycle button in the control bar. 2 Click the section you want to record in. You can Shift-click to select multiple sections. 3 Click the Record button. 4 After the count-in, start playing your instrument. 5 When you’re finished recording, click the Play button. The recording appears in a strip above the control bar with a number indicating the number of takes. To audition takes: 1 Click the number in the upper-left corner of the recording.
The mixer appears as an overlay over the lesson window. The mixer includes a set of controls for each track, including a Mute button, Solo button, and Volume slider. Use the mixing controls for each instrument. Click to reset the mixing controls for the band. Click the disclosure triangle to show the mixing controls for the band. To change the mix, do any of the following: Â To silence a track, click its Mute button (with a speaker icon) in the mixer.
Customizing the Lesson Window You can customize the appearance of the lesson window in several ways, to suit your style of learning. Both guitar and piano lessons can show different types of notation: Customizing a Guitar Lesson In a guitar lesson, you can view notation as chord symbols, chord fingering grids, tablature (TAB), or standard notation. If you’re a left-handed guitarist, you can switch to a left-handed view.
Both guitar and piano lessons include Automatic view. In Automatic view, the notation and appearance change automatically, depending on the content of the lesson. In most cases, you can leave Automatic view selected unless you specifically want to see a different view. The setup window also shows keyboard shortcuts for different notation and appearance options. You can use the keyboard shortcuts to change the appearance of the lesson without opening the setup window.
5 Tutorial 3: Recording Vocals and Musical Instruments 5 You can record your voice or any other sound you can capture using a microphone. If you play a musical instrument, you can also record it in a GarageBand project. In GarageBand, you record sound from a microphone or from a musical instrument connected to your computer in a Real Instrument track. Real Instrument tracks have blue headers, and the regions containing your recordings appear purple.
3 In the Track Info pane, select an instrument type from the list on the left, then select an instrument from the list on the right. Select an instrument category from this list. Select an instrument from this list. Use these controls to set the input format and input channel and to turn monitoring on or off. 4 Choose the audio input for your microphone or instrument from the Input Source popup menu. Â If you’re using your computer’s built-in microphone, choose Built-In Mic.
Turning on monitoring can cause feedback (loud, sharp noise) if the audio input picks up the output from your speakers. You can choose “On with Feedback Protection” to have GarageBand automatically turn off monitoring if feedback from the input source occurs. You can also avoid feedback by listening with headphones rather than speakers. You can reduce possible feedback by making sure the microphone or instrument is pointed away from your speakers, and by turning down the master volume.
To add an Electric Guitar track: 1 Click the Add Track button, or choose Track > New Track. 2 In the New Track dialog, click Electric Guitar, then click Create. A new Electric Guitar track appears in the timeline, and the Track Info pane opens to the right of the timeline, showing a guitar amp and stompbox effects for the track. Click to change the input source or see all available stompbox effects. Click the amp to see the amp controls below. Click a stompbox to see its controls below.
 Make sure your microphone, guitar, or other instrument is connected properly and is working.  Make sure the correct audio drivers are selected in the Audio/MIDI pane of GarageBand preferences. When you add a new audio device, GarageBand asks if you want to use the device for audio input and output.  Open the Track Info pane to make sure the instrument has the instrument and effects settings you want, and is using the correct input source.
Now you can listen to your new recording to see how you like it. To hear your new recording: 1 Move the playhead to the point in the timeline where the new region starts (align it with the left edge of the region). You can also move the playhead to an earlier point in the project, or to the beginning of the project, to hear the new recording in the context of the project. 2 Click the Play button, or press the Space bar.
To record multiple takes using the cycle region: 1 Select the Real Instrument track you want to record in. 2 Click the Record button to start recording. 3 Play your musical instrument or sing into your microphone. As you record, a new region appears in the selected Real Instrument track. 4 When you’re finished, click the Play button to stop recording. 5 If you want to record additional takes, click the Record button and play the part again.
Recording on Several Tracks at the Same Time You can record up to eight Real Instruments and one Software Instrument at the same time. This lets you record voices and instruments together, and simultaneously record a backing track, for example. When you select a track, recording is enabled (turned on) for that track (meaning that recording will start on that track when you click the Record button).
Tuning Your Guitar in GarageBand GarageBand includes an instrument tuner that you can use to check the tuning of a guitar, bass, or other instrument connected to your computer. The instrument tuner works with Real Instruments, but not with Software Instruments. The instrument tuner shows a horizontal scale with the note name displayed in the center of the scale. When you play a single note on your Real Instrument, the pitch is shown in relation to the correct pitch for the note displayed.
6 Tutorial 4: Playing and Recording Software Instruments 6 GarageBand includes an extensive set of Software Instruments, including drums, guitars, pianos, organs, and synthesizers, that you can use in your projects. Software Instruments are a special kind of instrument. You play the notes (using your computer keyboard, the onscreen keyboard, or a MIDI-compatible music keyboard connected to your computer) and your computer generates the actual sound, depending on which Software Instrument you choose.
To add a new Software Instrument track: 1 Click the Add Track button, or choose Track > New Track. 2 In the New Track dialog, click Software Instrument, then click Create. A new Software Instrument track with a Grand Piano instrument appears in the timeline, and the Track Info pane opens to the right of the timeline. 3 In the Track Info pane, select an instrument category from the list on the left, then select an instrument from the list on the right. Select an instrument category from this list.
Playing Software Instruments with Musical Typing With Musical Typing, you can play and record Software Instruments using your computer keyboard. When you show the Musical Typing window, you can play the top and middle rows of your computer keyboard just like the keys on a music keyboard to play notes. To show the Musical Typing window: m Choose Window > Musical Typing (or press Command–Shift–K).
To change the velocity level of notes you play using Musical Typing: Â Press C to lower the velocity level. Â Press V to raise the velocity level. To add pitch bend to notes you play using Musical Typing: Â Press 1 to lower the pitch of notes. Â Press 2 to raise the pitch of notes. The pitch is bent for as long as you press the key. To sustain notes you play using Musical Typing: Â Hold down the Tab key. Notes are sustained for as long as you hold down the Tab key.
To play the onscreen music keyboard: m Click the keys on the keyboard. You can click when the project is playing, when it is stopped, or when you’re recording. Clicking lower on the key plays the note with a higher velocity (equivalent to pressing the key harder), and clicking higher on the key plays the note with a lower velocity (equivalent to pressing the key more softly).
4 To start recording, click the Record button. Play button Cycle button Record button 5 Start playing your music keyboard, clicking notes on the onscreen music keyboard, or using Musical Typing. As you record, a new region appears in the selected Software Instrument track. 6 When you’re finished, click the Record button again to stop recording. Click the Play button to stop the project playing. After you record, you can listen to your new recorded part to see how you like it.
Viewing Note and Chord Names As You Play When you play a Software Instrument, GarageBand can automatically display the names of the notes and chords you play. To view Software Instrument note and chord names while you play: 1 Select the header of the Software Instrument track you want to play. 2 Click the icon on the left side of the LCD, then choose Chord from the menu that appears (or click the up or down arrow in the LCD until you see the chord display).
 Rests: When you’re reading music notation while playing, it is just as important to know the space between notes as the notes themselves. The silences between notes are shown by rests. Rests, like notes, have different symbols for different lengths of time, and shorter rests use flags. Each rest shown below is half as long as the rest to its left (from left to right, the rests are half rest, quarter rest, eighth rest, and sixteenth rest).
In addition to standard music notation symbols, score view includes the following features to make working easier: Â Duration bars: In addition to the musical note itself, each note has a duration bar that graphically displays the note’s duration (the amount of time the note lasts). Â Beat guides: In score view, the beat ruler not only shows measures and beats, but also includes beat guides. Beat guides help you see the exact position of notes in time.
Adding Notes You add a note by choosing the note value for the note, then clicking in the editor. Choose a note value from the Insert pop-up menu. To choose a note value: m Choose the note value you want from the Insert menu in the header area of the editor. You can also Control-click anywhere in the notation display to choose a note value. To add a note: m In the editor, Command-click at the point you want to add the note. Selecting Notes Before editing notes in score view, you must first select them.
Changing the Pitch of Notes You can change the pitch of, or transpose, notes in score view. To change the pitch of a note: m Select the note, then drag it up or down. You can also change the pitch of selected notes by pressing the Up Arrow or Down Arrow keys. You hear the note’s new pitch as it moves. Changing the Length (Duration) of Notes When you select a note, a duration bar for the note appears. You can change the note’s duration (how long the note lasts) using the duration bar.
The pedal down symbol appears at the current position of the pointer. If you release the mouse button, the pedal up symbol is placed shortly after the pedal down symbol. 4 Without releasing the mouse button, drag to the point where you want to place the pedal up marker. 5 Release the mouse button. The pedal up symbol appears at the current position of the pointer. To move the pedal up symbol: 1 Click the pedal symbol to select it.
Printing Music Notation You can print a Software Instrument track as music notation. When you print a track as music notation, the track is printed in a standard layout, with the note values currently displayed and using the clef sign currently shown in score view. The printed music notation includes the project name as the title, the tempo, and the composer name. To print a Software Instrument track as music notation: 1 Select the Software Instrument track.
7 Tutorial 5: Adding Apple Loops 7 You can use Apple Loops to add backing and rhythm tracks to your projects. You can also add Apple Loops to the loop library and create your own Apple Loops. GarageBand comes with a large collection of Apple Loops. Apple Loops are prerecorded musical phrases in a variety of genres, instruments, and moods that you can add to your projects. Loops are recorded to create seamlessly repeating patterns that you can extend (or “loop”) to fill any amount of time.
Searching for Loops to Use in a Project GarageBand includes a loop browser that lets you search for loops by instrument, genre, or mood. You can also search for loops by name, limit searches to a specific scale type or to nearby keys, and mark loops as favorites for quick access. No matter how big your collection of loops becomes, you can quickly find the ones you want using the loop browser. If the loop browser is not visible, show it so you can use it to search for loops.
Searching for Loops in Button View Button view features a grid of keyword buttons. You click a button to see the loops matching the selected keyword in the results list to the right. You can narrow your results by clicking multiple buttons. Click a keyword button. Matching loops appear in the results list. To search for loops in button view: 1 Click the button with musical notes in the upper-left corner of the loop browser to switch to button view.
Searching for Loops in Column View In column view, clicking a keyword type in the left column shows categories for that keyword type in the middle column. Clicking a category shows keywords for that category in the right column. Clicking a keyword shows matching loops in the results list. You can expand your results by clicking multiple keywords. Select keywords in the columns, moving from left to right. Matching loops appear in the results list.
Previewing Loops When you find loops that match your search criteria, you can preview them in the loop browser to hear which loop will sound best in your project. You can preview the loop by itself (solo), or hear it together with the project. To preview a loop: m Click the loop in the results list. Click the loop again to stop previewing it, or click another loop to preview that loop.
Searching by Name You can quickly find loops by name using the search field. This makes it easy to find a specific loop or a group of related loops. To search for loops by name: m Type the name you want to search for in the search field, then press Return. Loops with the text in their file name appear in the results list. Try refining the drum loops you found earlier by typing “acoustic”, “club”, or “funk” in the search field. You can type other words to see what results you get.
To display only loops of a particular scale type: m Choose the scale type from the Scale pop-up menu. Try refining the bass loops you found earlier to show only those using the major scale. Limiting Searches to Nearby Keys Loops with melody and harmony instruments are recorded in a specific musical key. When you add a loop to a project, GarageBand matches the loop’s key with the key of the project.
Adding Loops to the Timeline When you find a loop you want to use, you add it to the project by dragging it to the timeline. Drag a loop to an empty part of the timeline to create a new track for the loop. To add a loop to the timeline: m Drag the loop from the loop browser to an empty part of the timeline where there is no track. A new track of the appropriate type is created, and the loop is added to the new track.
When you add a loop to a project, a region is created in the timeline for the loop. Regions appear as colored rectangular areas in the tracks of a project. The edits you make to the region do not change the original loop, so you can always return to the original sound of the loop or use it in another project. Now try adding some of the drum and bass loops you found earlier to the timeline. Changing Apple Loops in the Same Family Some Apple Loops belong to a series, or family.
Creating Your Own Apple Loops You can save your recordings as Apple Loops. When you save a region as an Apple Loop, it is added to the loop library and appears in the loop browser, so you can use it in other projects. Apple Loops you create from recorded regions match the tempo and key of the project, just like the Apple Loops included with GarageBand. To save a region as an Apple Loop: 1 Select the region in the timeline. 2 Choose Edit > Add To Loop Library, or drag the region over the loop browser.
8 Tutorial 6: Arranging and Editing Your Music 8 You build your projects by arranging regions in the timeline and editing them in the editor. After you’ve added some loops and recordings to your project, you can move, copy, and make other changes to the regions in the timeline to build an arrangement of the project. You can arrange regions in the timeline by cutting, copying, and pasting them; by moving, resizing, and looping them; and by splitting and joining them.
Arranging Basics Each time you record music in a track, you create a region in the instrument’s track containing the music you record. When you drag a loop to the timeline, you create a region from the loop. Any changes you make to the region, such as splitting or transposing it, do not change the original recording or loop.
To paste a region: Â Move the playhead to the point in the timeline where you want the region to start, then choose Edit > Paste. When you paste a region, the playhead moves to the end of the pasted region. You can paste additional copies of the region, and each one starts at the point in the timeline where the previous one ends. Moving Regions You can move a region by dragging it to a new point in the timeline. You can also move a region to another track of the same type as the region.
Resizing Regions You can resize regions by either shortening or lengthening them. You can shorten both Real Instrument and Software Instrument regions so that only the visible part of the region plays. You can lengthen Software Instrument regions (but not Real Instrument regions) to add silence to the beginning or end of the region. To resize a region: 1 Move the pointer over the lower half of either edge of the region. The pointer changes to a resize pointer, with an arrow pointing away from the region.
Try looping the drum and bass regions you added to the timeline. Rhythm patterns in most popular music last for some multiple of four measures. For example, the verses and choruses of many popular songs often last for 16 or 32 measures each. Splitting and Joining Regions You can split a region in the timeline. Splitting a region lets you start playing the region from a point other than the beginning, or use parts of a region in different places in the timeline. 1 Select the region you want to split.
To show the arrange track: m Choose Track > Show Arrange Track (or press Command-Shift-A). The arrange track appears at the top of the timeline, below the beat ruler. To add an arrange region: m Click the small plus sign (+) in the track header area of the arrange track. When you add an arrange region, it is four measures long and is named “untitled”. Click here to add an arrange region. Click here to rename the arrange region.
If you move or copy an arrange region so that the region moves past the end-ofproject marker in the beat ruler, the marker moves to accommodate the region. To split an arrange region: 1 Move the playhead to the point where you want to split the arrange region. 2 Choose Edit > Split (or press Command-T). To join arrange regions: 1 Make sure the arrange regions are adjacent. 2 Choose Edit > Join (or press Command-J). You can exchange two arrange regions, which exchanges all their material in the timeline.
Renaming Regions You can rename a region in the editor. Naming a region can help you remember when you recorded it, where in the project it belongs, or what feeling you want it to have. To rename a region: 1 Double-click the region in the timeline to open it in the editor. The content of the region appears in the editor. For Real Instrument regions, an audio waveform appears. For Software Instrument regions, the piano roll display shows the notes in the region.
Enhancing the Timing of a Real Instrument Track You can enhance the timing of the regions in a Real Instrument track. This is especially useful with regions that contain the right notes but that are not perfectly in time with the project’s rhythm. When you enhance timing, all regions in the selected track (both your own recordings and loops) are enhanced. You can enhance the timing of regions with drums, singlenote instruments, and chordal instruments.
To enhance the timing of a Software Instrument track: 1 Double-click the header of the Software Instrument track to open it in the editor. 2 To enhance regions, select the regions in the track you want to enhance. To enhance individual notes, select them in the editor. 3 From the Enhance Timing pop-up menu, choose the note value you want to use to enhance the timing of the selected items.
Setting Real Instrument Regions to Keep Their Original Tempo and Pitch By default, Real Instrument recordings (purple) and Real Instrument loops (blue) in the timeline follow the project tempo and key. You can set a Real Instrument region to keep its original tempo and pitch instead. To set a Real Instrument region to follow its original tempo and pitch: 1 In the timeline, select the Real Instrument region. 2 Open the editor. 3 Deselect the Follow Tempo & Pitch checkbox.
9 Tutorial 7: Mixing and Adding Effects 9 GarageBand gives you the tools to easily mix your projects and add professional-sounding effects. In this tutorial, you’ll learn some basics about mixing and effects.
Basic Mixing The most basic steps in mixing are balancing the volume level of different tracks, setting track pan positions, and setting the master volume. Setting Track Volume Levels The instruments and loops you use in your project may have different volume (loudness) levels. To hear all the parts you’ve added, you balance the volume levels so that no track overwhelms the others, and no track is lost in the mix. This doesn’t mean that every track should be set to the same volume level.
Setting the Master Volume You can set the overall, or master, volume of a project using the master volume slider, located to the right of the LCD. You should adjust the master volume to a level high enough to eliminate background noise, but not so high that it causes clipping. Important: The master volume slider controls the volume of the project when it is exported. Use your computer’s volume control to adjust the volume at which you listen to the project play.
Now play the project from a point before the fade-out begins. You’ll hear all the tracks in the project fade out gradually to their final volume level. To manually add a fade-in or fade-out: 1 Choose Track > Show Master Track. 2 Choose Master Volume from the menu in the master track header. 3 Add control points to the beginning of the volume automation curve for a fade-in, or to the end of the curve for a fade-out. 4 Move the control points to adjust the length and intensity of the fade-in or fade-out.
Modulation: Modulation effects, which include chorus, flangers, and phasers, build on the time-based effects by shifting or modulating when the copied signal plays back. They can also involve detuning the copied signal relative to the original. Reverb: Reverb simulates the natural reflections of a sound in a surrounding space. It can add definition and presence to voices and instruments, add ambience to a sound, or simulate different rooms and other acoustic environments.
3 Choose an effect from one of the empty effect slots. Use these controls to add and adjust effects. Additional effects include treble reduction, bass reduction, chorus, flanger, phase shifter, and tremolo. The available effects are listed in the effect pop-up menu, including any third-party Audio Units effects that are installed on your computer. Turning Effects On and Off You can turn individual effects on or off (turning an effect off temporarily is called bypassing the effect).
Choosing an Effect Preset Each effect has a pop-up menu from which you can choose different effect presets. Each preset name suggests the purpose of the preset or how it modifies the sound. To choose an effect preset: 1 Double-click the track’s header to open the Track Info pane, if it is not already open. 2 Click Edit to show the track’s effects. 3 Choose a new preset from the Preset pop-up menu below the effect’s name.
4 To see the frequency curve for the track in real time, select the Analyzer checkbox, then play the track. Drag in one of the four bands to graphically adjust the Visual EQ. Click the Analyzer checkbox to see the track’s frequency curve. To save an effect preset: 1 Adjust the settings for the preset to get the sound you want. 2 Choose Make Preset from the pop-up menu, then type a name for the preset in the Save dialog.
Automating Your Mix In addition to setting the volume level, pan position, and effects settings for a track, you can add changes to these and other settings over time using automation. You automate changes over time by adding automation curves to tracks, adding control points to each automation curve, and adjusting the control points to different values. To show a track’s automation curves: m Click the triangle to the right of the Lock button in the track’s header.
3 Select the checkbox for the parameter you want to automate. You can select multiple checkboxes to add multiple effect parameters. 4 When you’re done, click OK. The parameter appears in the pop-up menu, and the automation curve switches to show the automation for the last selected effect parameter. You can also lock automation control points to regions, so that when you move the region in the timeline, the control points move with it.
10 Tutorial 8: Creating Podcasts 10 You can create audio and video podcasts in GarageBand, and then send them to iWeb to publish over the Internet. Podcasts are like radio or TV shows that people can download over the Internet. Users can download an individual podcast episode or subscribe to a podcast series. You can create podcast episodes in GarageBand, and then publish them on the Internet using iWeb or another application.
Creating an Audio Podcast You create an audio podcast in GarageBand by creating a podcast project, recording your narration, and adding music, sound effects, and other audio. You can also enhance an audio podcast by adding markers, artwork, URLs, and chapter titles, and episode information. Creating a Podcast Project 1 Choose File > New. The New Project dialog appears. 2 Click New Project, then click Podcast. 3 Click Choose. A new, empty podcast project appears in the GarageBand window.
You can add and adjust effects for the narration track, including the Speech Enhancer effect, which is especially useful for recording narration and dialogue using the built-in microphone on your computer. For more information about recording in a Real Instrument track, see “Tutorial 3: Recording Vocals and Musical Instruments” on page 49.
Importing Media Files with the Media Browser You can import media files from other iLife applications, including iTunes and iPhoto, into a podcast project. You can also import other GarageBand projects that have been saved with an iLife preview. You can find and preview media files in the Media Browser. You can also add other folders to the Media Browser, so you can add media files in the folders to your projects.
Adding and Editing Markers You can add markers to a podcast, making it an enhanced podcast. When you add a marker to a podcast, it appears in the podcast track as a marker region. You can edit marker regions in the podcast editor by moving them to change when they start and end, or by resizing them to change their duration. You can also add artwork, URLs, and URL titles to a marker region. To add a marker: 1 Click the Podcast Track. 2 Move the playhead to the place where you want to add the marker.
Adding Marker Region Artwork You can add artwork to individual marker regions. When you play the podcast, the marker region artwork appears from the start to the end of the marker region. To add artwork to a marker region: 1 Open the Media Browser, then click the Photos button. 2 In the Media Browser, locate the artwork you want to add. 3 Drag the artwork from the Media Browser to the Artwork box in the marker’s row in the editor.
Deleting Markers You can delete a marker if you no longer want it in your podcast. To delete a marker, do one of the following: Â In the podcast track, select the marker region, then press the Delete key. Â In the editor, select the marker in the marker list, then press the Delete key. Adding Episode Artwork You can add episode artwork to the podcast track. When you play the podcast in iTunes or view it in iWeb, the episode artwork is visible whenever there is no marker region with its own artwork.
3 To give the podcast episode a title, click the Title field, then type a title. 4 To add artist information, click the Artist field, then type the artist's name. 5 Choose None, Clean, or Explicit from the Parental Advisory pop-up menu. 6 To include a description of the podcast episode, click the Description field, then type a description.
Creating a Video Podcast or Movie Project Creating a video podcast is similar to creating an audio podcast, except that it includes a movie or video file and does not include artwork. You can import an iMovie project or other QuickTime-compatible video file, view the video as you add audio, and add and edit markers. When you’re finished, you can send the completed project to iWeb to publish as a video podcast, send it to iDVD to burn to a DVD, or export it as a QuickTime movie.
3 To play the movie, press the Space bar. 4 To move to a different part of the movie, move the pointer over the preview window, then drag the slider that appears. 5 To resize the preview window, drag the lower-right corner of the window. Working with the Movie’s Audio Track If the movie contains an audio track, a new Real Instrument track named Movie Sound is created below the movie track for the movie’s audio.
11 Tutorial 9: Sharing Your Projects 11 After you create your project in GarageBand, you can share your music in several ways. You can send projects to other iLife applications, such as iTunes, iWeb, and iDVD, or export them to disk. You can also burn a song to a CD. Sharing Music Projects You can send a music project to an iTunes playlist. In iTunes, you can listen to the song, download it to an iPod, or burn the playlist to a CD.
To change the compression settings: 1 In the Share dialog, choose the type of compressed file you want to export. 2 To export the file as an uncompressed AIFF file, deselect the Compress checkbox. 3 Click Export. To change the audio quality of the exported file: 1 Choose the audio quality you want from the Audio Settings pop-up menu. When you choose a new setting, a brief description of its intended use appears below the menu. 2 Click Export. You can also burn a single song to a recordable audio CD.
To export a podcast to disk: m Choose Share > “Export Podcast to Disk.” When you export a podcast, it is exported as a compressed file. You can change the compression and audio quality settings in the Share dialog. Note: The choices in the Audio Settings menu are different for podcasts than for songs. To burn a podcast to a CD: 1 Insert a blank recordable CD in your computer’s optical drive. 2 Choose Share > “Burn Song to CD.” The Burn dialog appears.
To export a project as a QuickTime movie: m Choose Share > “Export Movie to Disk.” The project is exported using the current movie compression settings. Movie compression settings compress both the video and audio in the exported movie. You can change the compression settings to suit how you want to use the exported movie. Compression settings are stored as part of the GarageBand project until you change them while the project is open.
A Keyboard Shortcuts Action Shortcut Navigation/Moving the playhead Play/Pause Space bar Go to beginning Home or Z Go to end End or Option-Z Move back (the amount depends on zoom level) Left Arrow Move forward (the amount depends on zoom level) Right Arrow Move back in larger increments Option-Left Arrow Move forward in larger increments Option-Right Arrow Move back by the visible width of the timeline Page Up Move forward by the visible width of the timeline Page Down Zoom out Contro
Action Shortcut Track Info pane Show/Hide Track Info Command-I Select next higher category or instrument Up Arrow (when Track Info pane is open and either a category or an instrument is selected) Select next lower category or instrument Down Arrow (when Track Info pane is open and either a category or an instrument is selected) Move from instrument column to category column Left Arrow (when Track Info pane is open and an instrument is selected) Move from category column to instrument column Right
Action Shortcut Show/Hide alignment guides Command-Shift-G Delete Arrange region with timeline content and close Command-Option-Delete Lock automation curves to regions Command-Option-A Recording Record Start/Stop R Turn cycle region on/off C Turn metronome on/off Command-U Turn count in on/off Command-Shift-U Score view Move selected notes to previous grid position Left Arrow Move selected notes to next grid position Right Arrow Move selected notes back one measure Shift-Left Arrow Mo
Action Shortcut Open Command-O Close Command-W Save Command-S Save As Command-Shift-S Application menu functions Show GarageBand Preferences Command-comma (,) Hide GarageBand Command-H Hide other applications Command-Option-H Quit GarageBand Command-Q Help menu functions GarageBand Help Appendix A Keyboard Shortcuts Command-question mark (?) 119
Connecting Music Equipment to Your Computer B If you sing or play a musical instrument, you can connect a musical instrument or a microphone to your computer and record your performances in your GarageBand projects. Each recording appears as a region in a track in the timeline. You can add effects to the track, and edit the region in the editor.
Connecting a Music Keyboard to Your Computer If you play a keyboard instrument, you can connect a MIDI-compatible music keyboard to your computer to play and record Software Instruments. To connect a music keyboard to play Software Instruments: Â If the keyboard is a USB MIDI keyboard, connect the USB cable to the keyboard and to your computer. Â If the keyboard is a standard MIDI keyboard, connect the keyboard to a MIDI interface using standard MIDI cables, then connect the interface to your computer.
www.apple.com/garageband © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Apple, the Apple logo, GarageBand, iDVD, iLife, iMovie, iPhone, iPhoto, iPod, iTunes, Macintosh, and QuickTime are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Finder and iWeb are trademarks of Apple Inc.
