Specifications

129
• RS232: A worldwide serial digital interface standard
used for the remote control of many devices usually
used in the Audio and Video Industrial, fields.
• R-Y: See UV
S
• SACD: Super Audio Compact Disc ( enhanced Audio
CD encoding)
• SCALER: Device that changes the effective resolution of
a TV/Video image into a native match standard high-
resolution computer format such as S.XGA, XGA, SVGA
or VGA. It’s a “combination” of a Line Doubler, Tripler &
Quadrupler. Usually dedicated to DATA displays and pro-
jectors, to improve the resolution, increase the brightness
and to decrease the flickering of the picture
• SCAN: Horizontal and vertical scanning scheme of a
display, in Video systems. On TV-CRT, it is the elec-
tron beam that scans the vacuum tube's phosphorus
material and gives the brightness (in 15500 times per
second interlaced mode)
•
SCAN CONVERTER: Device that converts a Computer
scan rate into a TV/Video signal allowing computer ima-
ges to be displayed or recorded on any video support.
The Horizontal and the Vertical scanning rate are changed.
• SCAN DOUBLER: See Line Doubler
• SCART: Syndicat Constructeurs Appareils Radio
Téléviseurs (France). 21 pins connector incorporated
into many European video devices. Allows mono or
stereo audio, Composite, Y/C and RGB video to be
transmitted between equipments
• SCH: SubCarrier & Horizontal Sync. phase (see Scan
Converter with Genlock)
• SCØ: SubCarrier relative phases between several
video sources (see Scan Converter with Genlock)
• SCSI: Small Computer System Interface; widely used
general purpose parallel data bus.
• SDI: Serial Digital Interface, especially present in
Broadcast Scan Converters with a Digital Output (see D1)
• SDTV: Standard Definition TV (15 kHz), in opposition
with HDTV. It means analog or digital signals
• SEAMLESS: Term used to define clean, fast switching
between 2 sources. This new way of switching opera-
tes without any loss of synchronization and is glitch-
free on the display. See SEAMLESS SWITCHER
®
section
•
SECAM: SEquentiel Couleur Avec Mémoire (Sequential
Color With Memory). Television standard used in France,
Africa, Russia and Eastern Europe. Like the PAL system,
a SECAM picture consists of 625 horizontal lines refres-
hed at 50 Hz interlaced, but the color is coded in a diffe-
rent way (Frequency modulation, 1 line U & 1 line V)
• SEGMENTED FRAME: HDTV standard proposed by
SONY
®
: 1080 sF 24*, where the 1080 progressive
lines at 24 frames/sec are interlaced in 2x540 at 48
fields/sec. (In fact, it’s more exactly 23,97 and 47,95
Hz for Color)
• SERRATION: Pulse that occurs during the vertical
sync. interval. Used to provide correct interlacing in
televisions.
• SGI
®
: Abbreviation usually used to refer to Silicon
Graphics
®
, Indigo™ workstations (this computer works
with a super high resolution image and often uses a
13W3 connector)
• SHARPNESS: Definition of a picture's edges
•
SMOOTHING: Filtering adjustment (opposite of sharpness
adjustment)
• SMPTE: Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers.
A worldwide organization which sets standards in Movie,
Video (TV), and HDTV fields
• SMTP: Simple Mail Transport Protocol (for e-mail)
• SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
• SOG: Sync. On Green. Video signal in which the
Composite Sync. information is added to the green
luminance signal. Called RGsB, or RGB with SOG
• SONET: Synchronous Optical Network (Ultra-High
Speed fiber)
• SPLITTER: See Distribution Amplifier
• SSB: Single Side Band. Equivalent to BLU in French.
Amplitude Modulation of a Single Lateral Band (basic
processing of PAL & NTSC UV components for com-
posite video)
• STANDARD CONVERTER: Device that converts dif-
ferent TV or HDTV standards. Usually, it is a High-End
device for Broadcasting in different countries where
the Horizontal and the Vertical frequencies have to be
converted (i.e. NTSC to PAL)
• SUB-CARRIER: Frequency carrier: Suppressed
Carrier Amplitude modulation (SSB) for PAL & NTSC
and Frequency Modulation for SECAM
• SUB D CONNECTOR: See D Connector
• S.VGA: Super Video Graphic Array, it usually is 800 x
600 (sometimes 1024 x 768). It is a higher resolution
than VGA
•
SVHS™: Super Video Home System (JVC
®
, PANASO-
NIC
®
). See S.Video
• S.VIDEO: Super Video. Also called Y/C, H.I 8™,
S.VHS™. TV Video signal in which the encoded
Luminance and Chrominance signals (2 wires) are sepa-
rately transmitted thereby giving a higher quality picture
than a Composite Video signal. The standard S.Video
connector is a 4 pin Mini-Din connector also called
Oshiden™ connector.
• SWITCHER: Device that allows many sources to be
selected (computer, video, TV, audio, ..) onto only one
output display device
• S.XGA: Super eXtended Graphic Array. Non-interla-
ced High Resolution (1280 x 1024)
• SYNC. ON GREEN: See SOG
• SYNC. POLARITY: Negative or positive sync. pulse
T
• TBC: Time Base Corrector. Video device that allows to
re-generate (with no default) the sync. of a video
signal from a jittery, noisy source (E.g. VCR)
• TCP: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP/IP: by
Internet Protocol); can be also used to monitor or control
some devices
• TINT: See HUE
•
TRANSCODER: Video (TV scan) device that converts
encoded Composite or Y/C signals into encoded
Composite or Y/C signals but with different standards.
This operation is made with no changes in the
Horizontal and the Vertical scan frequencies (E.g. PAL
to SECAM)
• TRI-LEVEL SYNC: HDTV standard, for Analog YUV &
RGB embedded Sync on each on the 3 channels. The
3 “steps” levels are -0,3v, 0v on 751 load
• TTL: Transistor to Transistor Logic
U
• UDP: User Datagram Protocol (UDP/IP: by Internet
Protocol Layer4); can bealso used to monitor or control
some devices.
• UL: Underwriter's Laboratories (U.S.A.)
•
U.MATIC: Early “Broadcast” Video Tape Recorder
(Sony
®
)
• UNDERSCAN: Output image size. In Underscan
mode, the entire image looks like a rectangle centered
on the display screen with a black border around it
•
UNIX™: A computer operating system (Hi-End Multi-
Users)
• UP-CONVERTER: Device that converts a computer
graphics image into a Higher (up) resolution computer
format, by changing the horizontal and the vertical
scan rates.
• USB: Universal Serial Bus, for computer peripherals
• U,V: Sometimes called DR, DB or PR, PB. It is the dif-
ference of color versus the white (Y) Luminance.
U=DR=R-Y and V=DB=B-Y (see Component)
• U.XGA: Ultra eXtended Graphic Array. Non-interlaced
Super High Resolution (1600 x 1280)
V
• V2000: Early consumer Composite only (Philips
®
)
• VCR: Video Cassette Recorder
• VECTORSCOPE: Type of oscilloscope used to mea-
sure all of the parameters of a video waveform
• VERTICAL FREQUENCY: See refresh rate
•
VESA: Video Electronics Standards Association.
Organization that sets format standards for displays com-
puters
• VGA: Video Graphics Array. Analog computer format
(first introduced by IBM
®
) with Horizontal & Vertical
separated sync. VGA is a 640 x 480 resolution at 60
HZ or 70 Hz (non-interlaced vertical scan rate)
•
VHS: Video Home System. First and the only “survival”
Video recording system designed by JVC
®
/PANASO-
NIC
®
, using analog Composite Video signals
• VIDEO AMPLIFIER: Amplifier used for video signals.
Enables a signal to be transmitted over a long dis-
tance (see Booster)
• VIDEO BOOSTER: See Booster
• VIDEO CONVERTER: See Scan Converter
• VIDEO STANDARDS: TV/Video system also called
TV or HDTV standard. The main worldwide TV stan-
dards are PAL, SECAM and NTSC
•
VTR: Video Tape Recorder (Video Transport Recorder),
Hi-End
W
• WAN: Wide Area Network
• WAVELET: Other alternative of Image compression
algorithms than M.PEG
• WIDESCREEN: TV & Movie Format used for wide
screen televisions (see Aspect Ratio)
•
WINDOWS: Computer operating system supplied by
Microsoft
®
• WORKSTATIONS: High Performance "Super" compu-
ter (i.e. IBM
®
, SUN
®
, Silicon Graphics
®
, DEC
®
, Hewlett
Packard
®
, Bull
®
, Intergraph
®
)
• WM9: Windows Media 9, high efficiency video A/V soft-
ware encoding by Microsoft
X
• XGA: eXtended Graphics Array card. Introduced by
IBM
®
, it is a standard computer format. XGA is non-inter-
laced and consists of 1024 x 768 pixels at about 35 kHz
/ 60 Hz
• XGA.2: eXtended Graphics Array card - 2nd genera-
tion. Standard computer format consisting of 1024 x
768 pixels (at at least 48 kHz / 60 Hz non-interlaced)
• XLR: Also called Switchcraft™, it is a sturdy, industrial
& music Audio connector (3 pins for XLR-3), for low
levels balanced applications
Y
• Y: Abbreviation for luminance (see Luminance)
•
YUV: See COMPONENT Video
• Y/C: Term used to describe the video signal with separate
Luminance (Y) and modulated Chrominance
©
. Also called
S.Video
Z
• Z: Impedance symbol (see OHM)