Specifications

127
uses sampled amplitude and Discrete Time Coding man-
ners. For example, a TV's analog YUV converted to Digital
gives the D1 digital standard. An LCD projector uses digi-
tal coding for displaying an image (see Analog)
• D-ILA: Digital Intensity Light Amplifier, developped by
JVC
®
for it’s projector range
• DIN CONNECTOR: Deutsche Industrie Norm.
Connector that exists in different versions: 4, 5, 8, etc.
pins. The S.Video signal generally uses a 4 pins mini
DIN (Y/C) connector. Some computer keyboards use
DIN or Mini DIN connectors
• DISTRIBUTION AMPLIFIER: Device enabling the
signal connected to its input to be multiplied and
amplified. Also enables several display devices to be
connected to the same source. Also called BOOSTER
or SPLITTER
• DLP: Digital Light Processor. Digital technology for
display devices that use DMD
®
(Digital Micromirror
Device) for accurate, bright images
• DMD: Digital Micromirror Device. Array of small mir-
rors layered on matched semi- conductor substrate,
which are "moved" by electrical currents and reflect
the corresponding light to form an image. Patented by
Texas Instruments
®
• DOLBY: From Dolby Laboratories (1965), pioneer in
Analog, Digital and multi-channel compression in the
consumer and professional fields, with Dolby A, B, C,
HX, SR, Surround, Pro Logic, AC3, EX and E. The
later seems to be used for HDTV distribution and rou-
ting
•
DOS: Disk Operating System. Program making links
between the computer and the user (used initially by
IBM™)
• DOUBLER: See Line Doubler
• DOWN CONVERTER: Device that converts Hi-
Resolution computer graphics into a lower (down)
computer format, by changing the Horizontal and ver-
tical Scan rate to then be easily displayed
• DTC: Direct Touch Control™. Concept for touch
controls with direct access, for fast, easy adjustments.
Designed by Analog Way
®
for some of their products
such as Scan Converters, Seamless Switchers,…
• DTS: High-End Dig ital Audio encoding for Home
Theater applications (compressed Multi-Channel).
Designed by Digital Theater Systems
®
• DV: Digital Video usually compressed differently for
many Digital Video Recorders (E.g. Digital-S™,
DVCPRO™, DVCAM™, DIGITAL BETACAM™ or FIRE-
WIRE™)
• DVB: Digital Video Broadcasting. DVB-S: Satellite,
DVB-T: Terrestrial, DVB-C: Cable.
• DVD: Digital Versatile Disc. Optical disc of the same
physical size as a CD Rom or an Audio CD but dedi-
cated to the storage of Audio and Video (movies) com-
pressed DATA (MPEG-2 for instance).
• DVI: Digital Visual Interface; connector & SERIAL data
Computer interface which transport 3 separate serial
channels @ 8 Bits each (R,G,B)+ 1 separate Clock to
sample them; electronic transmission is "differential"
mode. Mainly found in displays in ADDITION of Analog
RGB signals:
- DVI-D: Digital ONLY connector (with separate HD-15
Analog RGBHV connector)
- DVI-I: Digital + Analog RGB(HV) on the SAME connec-
tor (additional CROSS shape)
E
• EBU: European Broadcasting Union, which sets
European TV Standards
• ECL: Emitter Coupled Logic. Very High speed digital
technology, or Analog D/A converted RGB
•
EDTV: Enhanced Definition TV, improved consumer
compatible TV
• EGA: Enhanced Graphics Adaptor. Provided by IBM
®
, it is
a low-resolution display format for computers with a line
frequency of about 22 kHz (32 colors TTL digital format)
• EIA: Electronics Industries Association, which sets
certain communication protocols (RS232)
• EMI: Electro-Magnetic Interference, noise
• ENCODER: Video (TVScan) interface that converts
YUV or RGB signals into encoded modulated
Composite or Y/C, with no changes in the Horizontal
and the vertical frequencies
• ENG: Electronic News Gathering
• EVC: Enhanced Video Connector; defined by the VESA
association.
F
• FADE: Method of soft switching between 2 sources.
When the first source disappears and the second one
appears simultaneously on the screen, it is called the
dissolve function
• FCC: Federal Communication Commission. U.S
governmental agency that manages the EMI/RFI
policy
• FIELD: An interlaced TV screen is made up of two
fields, each one containing half of the scan lines nee-
ded to make one standard video frame (picture). See
also FRAME
•
FIRE WIRE
©
: by MACINTOSH
®
, also called IEEE 1394
or i.Link
©
, it is a Data/Audio/Video Serial Digital compres-
sed format (DV). Used on the Institutional and Hi-Tech
Consumer markets
• FLICKER: Visual effect of a picture when the frame
refresh rate is too slow (it also looks like a horizontal
blinking line)
• FM: Frequency Modulation (SECAM subcarrier)
• FRACTALS: Other Image compression algorithms
than M.PEG
• FRAME: Video image. In an Interlaced system, 1
video picture frame is made up of 2 fields. In
PAL/SECAM standard, a frame is made up of 625 hori-
zontal lines, so 2 x 312.5 lines per field. In NTSC, a
frame is made up of 525 horizontal lines, so 2 x 262.5
lines per field
• FRAME RATE: the frame rate is how fast the video
generator "re-builds" the entire screen with a new
frame. For PAL/SECAM, the frame rate is 25 Hz and
the field rate is 50 Hz. For NTSC signal, it is 30 Hz and
60 Hz. For black and white signals, then 29,97 and
59,94 Hz for Color. See INTERLACED
• FREEZE: Function for freezing the output image
• FREQUENCY: Symbol: Hz. Number of cycles per
second in a signal. A cycle is when a periodic signal
starts with a certain value and reaches the same value
the next time
• FRONT PORCH: Non-Visible part of the video signal,
between the blanking edge and the falling edge of the
horizontal sync.
G
• G3,G4: MACINTOSH
®
’s personal computer
• GAIN: Amplification of an input signal versus its output
(ratio). The gain is usually in decibels (dB). Unity Gain:
0dB
• GAMMA: Function that gives the non-linearity res-
ponse of a CRT display
• GENLOCK: Synchronization method used in video
equipment such as Scan Converters. It consists of
using an external Master Signal (the Black Burst gene-
rator is a TV/Studio video genlock source). It enables
several video sources to be cut, faded and mixed
together
• GROUND LOOP: Common noise problem found in
signal management caused by different ground poten-
tials when an item is connected to several others
H
• H 264: Compression Algorithms conceived by ITV &
MPEG teams together. It is equivalent to MPEG.4 effi-
ciency
• H SYNC.: see HORIZONTAL SYNC.
• HD BLACK: see HD GENLOCK
• HD CONNECTOR: High Density Connector, usually
used for the video display of RGB signals on Personal
Computers (an HD 15 connector has 3 rows of 5 pins)
• HD GENLOCK: There are 2 types : Analog HD Black
with 3 levels Sync., and Black HDSDI serial stream
with 10 bits H&V word flags. See also GENLOCK
• HDMI: High Definition Digital Interface: small connector
& SERIAL data for Computer, Video(15Khz),HDTV &
Audio. It is backward DVI compatible. The electronic
transmission is also differential. Coming in High-Tech
Consumer and Professional display.
• HD-SDI: High Definition Serial Digital Interface. For
Broadcast Television. YUV-4:2:2 8 or 10 bits multi-
plexed High Speed component (about 1,5 gb/s to 3
gb/s, depending on the standard). Non compressed.
• HDTV: High Definition Television, video technology
giving an improved resolution at least twice as high as
in the NTSC, PAL, SECAM standards (e.g. 720 p
means 720 progressive lines, 1080 i means 1080
interlaced lines). Up to 30 HDTV formats have been
proposed, since the beginning, by worlwide manufac-
turers and working groups. Only a few of them have
been retained (principally the 720p, 1080i, 1080 sF,
1035i).
• HERTZ (Hz): Frequency Measurement unit (1 cycle
per second)
• HGA: Hercules Graphics Adaptor, designed by HER-
CULE
®
, used in early computer display technology
• Hi-8: Improved 8 mm tape video signal also used to
describe a camcorder's video output (SONY
®
), see
S.Video
• HIGH IMPEDANCE (Hi-Z): Term used for a High input
or output load. Most of Analog Way's converters are fit-
ted with a Hi-Z / 75 Ohms switch on their RGB
input/output loopthrough
• HI-VISION: See Muse
• HORIZONTAL FREQUENCY: Also called Line
Frequency, it is the number of horizontal lines per
second that a video signal generates (Hz) - see Line
Frequency
•
HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION: Can either be the number
of vertical lines that can be seen on the screen of a TV
device (from left to right) or the number of pixels contai-
ned in a line, for a computer display
• HORIZONTAL SYNC.: Portion of a video waveform
that indicates to the display where the beginning of a
non-visible part of the picture is (from left to right axis).
The horizontal sync. abbreviation marked on the pro-
ducts is H Sync. or H.
• HTML: HyperText Markup Language
• HTTP: HyperText Transfert Protocol
• HUE: Picture's color tint adjustment. The hue is active
only on NTSC video sources. It acts directly on the
Red, Green and Blue by changing their UV color
balance
• HUM BARS: Image interference, caused by ground
loops, that looks like horizontal bars which scroll verti-
cally on the screen. They can be eliminated by some
HUM suppressor
• H&V SEPARATED SYNC.: Signal in which the hori-
zontal sync. and the vertical sync. are transmitted
separately (2 wires, commonly found in Computer
Sync. displays)
• Hz: see Hertz
I
• I.LINK
©
: See FIREWIRE
©
• ICIA: International Communication Industry
Association. Official Audio & Video industry associa-
tion (NAVA issued)
• IDTV: Improved Definition TV. Enhanced quality
consumer TV
•
IEC CONNECTOR: International Electrotechnical
Committee. Standard AC power cable and connector
used to power scan converters, interfaces, projectors…
and most electronic equipments