SINGLE BOARD 4U SYSTEMS Little Board lPC lM Technical Manual PIN: A74081 Revision: A Ampro Computers, Incorporated 990 Almanor Avenue. Sunnyvale, CA 94086 Tel (408) 522-2100 • FAX (408) 720-1305 .
NOTICE DISCLAIMER Ampro Computers, Incorporated makes no representations or wan'anties with respect to the contents 01 this manual and specifically disclaims any implkd warranties 01 merchantability or fitness lor any particuJar purpose. Ampro shall under no circumstances ·be liable lor incidental or consequential damages or related expenses resulting from the use 01 this product, even il it has been notifkdol the possibility 01 such damages.
PREFACE ... This manual is for ·integrators and..programme.uof ~ystems-based entbe-Ampr.a--bittle Board/PC single board computer. It contains information on hardware requirements and interconnection, and details of how to program the system. There are five chapters, organized as follows: • Chapter 1 Introduction -- General information pertaining to the Little Board/PC, its major features, and a brief functional description.
CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 -INTRODUCTION 1.1 General Description .......................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Little BoardlPC Feaqu-es ..............................................................................................1-2 1.3 Little BoardlPC S~cifications ..................................................................................... 1-2 CHAPTER 2 - HARDWARE CONFIGURATION 2.1 Introduction .............................................
3.7 3.8 Using Floppy Drl\ies .......................................................................................................3-8 Using SCSI Hard Disk Drl\ies .......................................................................................3-8 3.8~1 Hardware Preparation ...................................................................................3-8 3.8.2 Preparation for DOS Use ..............................................................................3-9 CHAPTER ..
FIGURES Figure 1-1 Figure 2-1 Figure 2-2 Figure 4-1 Little Board/PC Mechanical Dimensions ................................................... 1-4 Connector and Jumper Locations ................................................................2-2 Power Connector Wiring ...............................................................................2-4 Little Board/PC Block Diagram ..................................................................
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Little Board/PC provides system designers with a highly compact, self-contained,low power, PC-compatible single board system that requires no more space than a half height 51/4" disk drive. This unique single board system is functionally equivalent to a PC/XT motherboard and three or four expansion cards.
ware converts DOS based applications into EPROM format automatically, without the need for special programming techniques. In addition, Ampro's SSD Expansion board, which matches the 5.75" x 8" form factor of the Little Board/PC, can be used to add sixteen additional byte-wide devices (EPROM or battery-backed RAM) for larger SSDs. A key advantage of the PC compatibility of the Little Board/PC is that it runs the thousands of software applications and utility packages developed for the IBM PC.
• • • • • Parallel printer port Standard PC keyboard port Speaker port with 0.1 watt drive Optional battery-backed time-of-day clock with 10 year internal lithium battery PC-compatible mini (5-1/4") and micro (3-1/2") floppy controller -- 2 drive selects, 1-2 sided, l5O/SOOK bps data rates -- ROM-BIOS supports all standard formats (320K/720K/1.2M/1.4M) -- Reliable all-digital phase-locked loop and write precompensation -- Disk change sense line supported SCSI Interface • • • • Ansi X3.
.1~W 2.700 5.750 5.520 -.-.-.--.-..-.--.-.-.-.--.-.-.-.--.-.-.-.--.-.-.-.--.-.-.- 4.900 6.475 -+- --------------------',-----''''--------'----'------------------"----"'---'''''.,,'----- -tooi I 7.225 iJ7.------------.....-....+-----------..-.......... --.----" 5.420 I ) ,./ /// ( ; !; J1 1 ! ; .1~5p[A· '_"_"'''' I -- ..........-..... .. ........ _- .. -1------1-----1--- I :,: ........ .~ I 4.015 ..--......-........-........-....------·~~l::.::::¢ 3.315 ..-........-........-.......
CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE CONFIGURATION 2.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter describes what is required to integrate the Little Board/PC with a wide variety of external devices, including keyboards, printers, modems, floppy and hard disk drives, and monitors. Information is provided regarding the board's connector signals and pinouts, external device requirements, interconnection cable wiring, and board configuration.
1ST 256K DRAM 2ND 256K DRAM ----------------------1 f- 3RD 256K DRAM ~~ ... V J7 <- 18~.,. I:~~ ,,0 I~~ O 1 f ~ il·· .. Co> 8s a0 ~ '-----------------------'.. ,- 001 l~ W5 .-----v-S----I W39 W6 i Il7Nr I IUiI V'~ _ J2~ ..... J3 IUiIW40 J8 ~ W48'_ool I\) "0 Vlq I I\) -,O .......... -a. .......... ...... r -________~~~Co>~.~m..... ~ V I ~L_I_ _---' 1 2 J5t] 12 W46~ W21~ lJ z --:-==_--' W36 I- J6 ::~~ "I. . ______ 001 U W10 0 W31 o~ W191Ui1 Figure 2-1.
Table 2-1. Summary of Connector Usage SEGMENT FUNCTION SIZE J1 Power Input 4-pin J2 (*) V40 Serial 6-pin J3 (*) PC Serial 10-pin J4 Util ity 10-pin JS Keyboard 6-pin J6 Printer 26-pin J7 SCSI 50-pin J8 Floppy 34-pin J9 PC Bus 64-pin J10 Math Option 40-pin (*) J2 and J3 are combi ned on a single 16-pin connector. 2.1.2 Jumper Options For normal PC compatible operation, no special jumpering of the Little Board/PC is required.
2.2 DC POWER INPUT - J1 The power connector pinout is identical with that of power connectors on nearly allS-1/4 inch floppy disk drives, except that only the + 5 volt and ground connections are used. Note that pin 1 on 11 is reversed from that of the header connectors on the Little Board/PC (see Figure 2-1). Refer to Table 2-2 for power connections and mating connector information, and Figure 2-2 for typical connector wiring. Refer to Table 2-3 for typical power consumption requirements. Table 2-2.
The precise power requirements of the Little Board/PC depend on a number of factors, including what functions are present on the board, whether the SCSI bus is terminated, and what peripherals are connected to the board's I/O ports. For example, PC keyboards draw· their power from the keyboard connector on the board, thus add to the total power drawn by the board from its power supply. Similarly, boards connected to the PC Expansion Bus may draw their power through the Little Board/PC.
Note 1be 768K option also requires that the video mode jumpers be set to the EGA/VGA option; i.e. jumpers-Wl~~ W31 must be.!U). Table 2-4 provides the jumper information for the eight possible onboard DRAM memory configurations.
2.3.3 Byte-Wide Memory Sockets The Little Board/PC has two onboard byte-wide memory device sockets that can accommodate a variety of EPROM and nonvolatile RAM (NOVRAM) devices, used for simple program storage or as "Solid State Disk" (SSD) drives. Some of the byte-wide devices that can be used in these sockets are shown in Table 2-5 and 26, along with the jumpering required to support each type of device.
• Two Independent NOVRAM drives: -- U15 as a bootable NOVRAM cartridge drive, and U26 as a second NOVRAM cartridge drive (each drive up to 512K bytes). • One COIDbined NOVRAM drive: -- U15 plus U26 combined to form a single boatable NOVIt.A..M Gartridge drive (up to 1 megabyte in eapacity). Byt.Wlde Socket Configuration If the U15 or U26 memory sockets are used, they must be confIgured by means of jumpers for device type, size, and the starting memory address desired.
Table H. U15 Device Jumpering SIZE DEVICE TYPE (BYTES) TYPICAL DEVICE W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W41 W8 81( No....' EPRat 2764 short open short open open 2/3 short 32K No.... l EPRCJII 27256 short open short short open 2/3 open 1281( Page-acidr EPRCJII 27011 short open short open short 2/3 open 81( 28-Pin SRAM 6264 short open open open short open short 32K 28-Pin SRAM 62256 short open short open short 1/2 open 2.3.
2.3.6 I/O Wait State Option A timing limitation in the original NEC V 40 microprocessors used in the Little Board/PC required several wait states to be inserted on all I/O cycles. The NEC V40 microprocessors now shipping no longel lequire the wait states. A jumper, W48, controlS whether the walt states are enabled or disabled, as shown in Table 2-8. Table 2-1. I/O Wait States WAIT STATE PINS Disables Automatic 1/0 Wait Stetes.
Table 2-9. Utility Connector (J4) PIN SIGNAL NAME FUNCTION 1 2 Audio return Audio +5 volts through 33 ohms Speaker signel 3 GrOU'ld RESET To one side of Reset switch To other side of Reset switch LED Cathode LED Anode GrOU'ld return Current source GrOU'ld +12V ·5V ·12V Grcxnf return To J9 pin 19 To J9 pin 15 To J9 pin 17 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Speak.. The board provides a PC compatible speaker output on two pins of the Utility Connector.
2.4.2 Keyboard - J5 A PC (or XT) compatible keyboard can be connected to the board's keyboard port via the 6pin connector, J5. Normally, PC keyboards include a cable which terminates in a male 5-pin DIN plug for connectiOU-to a PC. Table 2 10--gives-the--baartl's-keyboard connector-pinourand signal definitions, and includes corresponding pin numbers of a normal PC DIN keyboard connector. Note "Ar keyboards are not compatible with PC (or XT) keyboards, and may not be used with this interface. Table 2-10.
Table 2-11. Parallel Printer Connector (J6) J6 PIN 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 2 4 6 8 10,12, 14,16, 18,20, 22,24 SIGNAL NAME FUNCTION Sample input data LSB of printer data IN/ruT DB25 CONN.
A second jumper option, W46, has been provided to allow the use of the printer port interrupt (IRQ 7) as an extra interrupt on the PC Expansion Bus if you do not require interruptbased operation of the board's parallel printer port. The print functions in the board's ROMBIOS do not use the interrupt. However, some PC applications (e.g. spoolers) might require printer interrupts, SO-it-is-recommetKled--that you leave this interrupt connected wdess you aJ e certain it is will not be needed.
PC Serial Port Jumperlng Three jumpers (W17, W18, and W20) can be used to modify the I/O port address (3F8-3FFh or 2F8-2Ffb) and interrupt usage ORQ3 or IRQ4) of the PC Serial Port. Jumper W20 selects the port's I/O port address, while interrupt channel selection is made using either W17 or W18. Refer to Table 2-14 when making serial channel selection.
Table 2-15. V40 Serial Port Connections (J2) J2 Pin SIGNAL FUNCTION IN/OUT OB2S PIN OB9 PIN NAME 1 RXD Receive Data in 3 2 2 RTS Henclshake OUt out 4 7 3 TXD Transmit Data out 2 3 4 CTS Henclshake In in 5 8 5 OTR EIA True out 20 4 6 GND Si 11M l GrOWlCi --- 7 5 V40 Serial Port Jumperlng The only jumper option pertaining to the board's V40 serial port is the selection of the source of the Handshake Out signal (RTS). W47. a 3 pin jumper group.
Table 2-16. Supported Floppy Formats Capacity Tracks Drive Size Data Rate DOS Version 360K 40 5-1/4" 250 KHz 2.1+ 1.2M 80 5-1/4" 500 KHz 3.0+ 720K 80 3-1/2" 250 KHz 3.2+ 1.44M 80 3-1/2" 500 KHz 3.3+ ~ you can see from Table 2-16, nearly any type of soft-sectored, single or double-sided, 40 or 80 track, mini or micro floppy disk drive is usable. Naturally, the higher the quality of the drives you use, the better your system's reliability.
Table 2-17 shows the pinout and signal defmitions of the floppy disk interface connector (J8). J8 is identical in pinout with the floppy connector of a standard PC. Note that in a PC, both drives are normally jumpered the same -- as the second drive. The drives are differentiated by swappina a group of seven wires (conductors 10-16) in the cable-between the board andthe fIrst physical drive (drive A). Table 2-17.
• Be sure to also set the four drive type jumpers (W26-W29) to specify what kind of floppy disk drives to be used, as indicated in Table 2-19 and Table 2-20. Table 2-19 applies to Drive A. and Table 2-20 applies to Drive B. Any combination of two drives is allowed. • On boards that currently ship, jumper W49 must be shorted. (This configuration is the default as shipped.
Two additional options, shown in Table 2-21, allow you to alter the DMA channel and interrupt channel assignment. Changing these from the defaults is not recommended because it would sacrifice compatibility with the board's ROM-BIOS. Table 2-21. Floppy Interface Options JUMPER SIGNAL WS-1 WS-2 WS·3 DACK1 DACK to FDC DACK2 DNA acknowledge chamel option. Default: 2/3 (DACK2), via a trace. W7-1 W7-2 W7-3 DR01 ORO from FDC DR02 DNA request chamel option.
2.5 SCSI INTERFACE - J7 The SCSI interface (17) uses a 5O-pin male header connector to interface with SCSI compatible peripherals. Table 2-22 shows the pinout and signal defmitions of this interface. Refer to your SCSI device documentation, or the ANSI X3.131 SCSI specification (referred to in Chapter 4) for detailed information on the signal functions.
2.5.1 Normal Use of SCSI The board's SCSI bus interface can serve a variety of purposes, including connection of hard disk controllers, tape controllers, text scanners, and printer and communications servers. Support is provided by the board's ROM-BIOS for booting of DOS from a SCSI de'Ace such as a hard disk. Virtually any device compatible with the SCSI Common Command Set for direct access devices can be used through the ROM-BIOS support.
The board's SCSI interface, and the Ampro SCSIIBIOS within the board's ROM-BIOS are discussed in greater detail in Chapters 4 and 5. In addition application note AAN-8804, available from Ampro, provides details of the SCSIIBIOS functions available to programmers. 2.5.3 Simple Bidirectional If0 When the board's SCSI bus is not needed for interfacing to standard SCSI devices, it can be used instead as a general purpose digital input/output port.
SCSIID Jumperlng Three jumper pin pairs (W23-W25) normally are used to provide a three bit SCSI Initiator 10, for use by the board's ROM-BIOS and other support software. The jumper assignments are shown in-Table 2-23. These jumper pins can be used for other purposes if tbe SCSI interface is not required. (See Chapter 5). Table 2-23.
To enable the SCSI halt mode, install shorting jumpers at WI and W6 on the Little Board/PC. WI is located between Ul and SIMM2; W6 is located between U2 and U6 (refer back to FtgUl'e 2-1). When these two jumpers are left off, SCSI Halt Mode is disabled. The default configuration, as shipped, is SCSI Halt Mode disabled. Alternate DMA Channel Option The SCSI interface can be configured to use either DMA channel 1 or 3 for data transfer control.
2.6 PC EXPANSION BUS - J8 A PC compatible expansion bus appears at connector J9, except that it is brought out to a healkr COMeCtor, rather than edgecard connectors. The board's PC Expansion Bus connects to the ftrst 62 pins of J9; the two additional pins of J9 (A32, B32) offer additional ground signals, for enhanced system reliability. PC Expansion Bus connector pinouts are given later in this chapter.
2.6.2 Using Standard PC Bus Cards There are several options available from Ampro which allow you to add expansion cards to the Little Board/pC system: • StackPlane/PC Expansion Adapter -- a board having the identical dimensions and mounting points as the Little Board/PC. This adapter converts a single short (8 inches or less) PC add-on card to the Little Board form factor.
• Backplane Quality -- Be sure to use a high quality backplane having minimal signal crosstalk. Use of power and ground planes, and ground guard traces between bus signals is recommended • Reset DegUtGhing Some PC bus expansion cards have asynchronous I I L inputs that are .especially wlnerable to cable noise and crosstalk. In particular, the active high RESET line is one to watch out for.
Table 2-25A. PC Expansion Bus Connector, A1-A32 (J9) PIN SIGNAL NAME A1 A2 -I/O CH CK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 DO I/O CH RDY AEN A19 A18 A17 A16 A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A3 A4 AS A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 A24 A25 A26 A27 A28 A29 A30 A31 A32 A6.
Table 2-25B. PC expansion Bus Connector, B1-B32 (J9) PIN ... 11 i3 B4 15 B6 17 B8 19 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 830 831 832 SIGNAL NAME GNO +5y.... • IRQ2 -5V DRQ2 -12V NIC +12V GND -MEMW -MEMR -row -lOR -DACa DRQ3 -DACK1 DRQ1 -DACKO CLOCK IRQ7 IRQ6 IRgs IRQ4 IRQ3 -OACK2 TIC ALE +$V OSC GNO GND FUNCTION GrOlnS ;Jr-~- r . . . ~ SIgna, +5 vol ts power Interrupt request 2 Fro. J4 pin 9 DNA request 2 Fra. J4 pin 10 (no connection) Fro.
CHAPTER 3 SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION 3.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter provides an overview of the system features, confIgUl'ation options, and utilities that are available under the DOS operating system. A combination of standard DOS and Ampro-supplied utilities and drivers allows you to create a highly customized system based on the Little Board/PC.
3.2 OPERATION WITH DOS The Little Board/PC and its ROM-BIOS have been designed to allow the use of IBM PCDOS, Microsoft MS-DOS, or Digital Research DR-DOS, versions 2.x or 3.x, and PC-DOS or MS-DOS version 4.01, as the board's operating system. Throughout this chapter, the term "DOS" will be used to refer to any of these operating systems, except in cases where a difference in operation exists. Caution Many variations of MS-DOS exist which have been customized for operation on specific computer systems.
DOS version 3.2 (or later) is required for operation with SO-track (720K) mini- or microfloppy drives. DOS version 3.3 (or later) is needed for use with 1.44 megabyte microfloppies, and with the optional Ampro Solid State Disk support utilities. DOS version 3 or later is required for SCSI bard disk usage under the board's ROM-BIOS and SCSI support software. In addition, support for hard disks larger than 32 megabytes is available under DR-DOS version 3.4 (or later), or under MS-DOS or PC-DOS versions 4.
• SCSITOOL -- SCSI device exerciser and debugger. • SCSIFORMAT -- Formats SCSI hard disk drives. • SCSIPARK -- Hard disk park. 3.3 WAIT STATE (CPU SPEED) INITIAUZATION One of the most important system parameters to configure is the number of wait states for the various types of CPU operations. The ROM-BIOS assumes the slowest types of devices, so that the system can boot successfully regardless of what is present in the system.
In addition, the < PrtSc > ("Print Screen") key will print the contents of the video screen to the LPTl device. Also, the "Printer Echo" function can be used to cause all characters written to the console to also be written to the LPTl device. The Printer Echo function is enabled with . Printer Echo remains enabled until another is entered. 3.
3.5.2 Using a Serial Printer Serial printers can be connected to the board's PC compatible serial port as well. You can instruct DOS to print to the appropriate serial port (COMl or COM2) instead of to the Parallel Printer port (LPTl or LPT2) with the DOS MODE utility. For example, the following command makes the COMl serial device become the system's default printer device: A>MODE LPTl = COMl Now you can print to the serial printer as though it is connected to the system's parallel printer port.
3.6 USING THE NON-STANDARD V40 SERIAL PORT As discussed previously, the non-standard V40 serial port generally requires custom or modified software for its use. Chapters 4 and 5 provide technical information for use by engineers and programmers regarding use of this port. Two Ampro device drivers simplify the use of this port as either a serial console port or as a serial printer port. These applications are discussed briefly in the following paragraphs, and are described in detail in Appendix A. 3.6.
3.7 USING FLOPPY DRIVES DOS compatible floppy disk functions are provided within the ROM-BIOS. Diskettes may be copied, formatted, verified, etc. using the standard DOS commands. This includes all of the DOS mini (5-1/4") and micro (3-1/2") floppy formats -- 1601(, 1801(,3201(,3601(, 7201(, 1.2M, and l.44M -- provided the appropriate version of DOS is used (see Chapter 2). In addition, dual capacity use of high density floppy drives is supported, which means· that 360K floppies can be read in a 1.
A combination of Ampro and DOS utilities are used in the formatting and preparation of SCSI hard disk drives. Included on the Ampro utilities diskette are utilities for SCSI drive formatting, parking, and other SCSI functions. 3.8.1 Hardware Preparation Both the Little Board/PC and the SCSI device must be configured prior to use. The following information describes points to consider when configuring the board and the SCSI device ..
PC-DOS or MS-DOS: Use the "FORMAT IS" command. to copy the operating system to the DOS boot drive ("drive CM); or the "FORMAT" command. in case of drive partitions other than the DOS boot partition. Finally, copy anything else you need to the drive, and then reboot the system without the floppy diskeUe in drive A, to verify that everything has been installed properly.
CHAPTER 4 THEORY OF OPERATION 4.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter is intended to provide a basic technical understanding of the Little Board/PC for hardware engineers, programmers, and system integrators. The functioning of many of the board's devices is dependent on a variety of programming options. Therefore, to explain the normal functions performed by these devices as used on the Little Board/PC, some reference is made to the board's ROM-BIOS default device conftgurations and programming.
I J PC MOTHERBOARD LOGIC ,--------1------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------1 : : : Keyboard VF 1 I I r-------,: I 7.16 MHz V40 CPU Speaker VF rl 256.512.: or 768 KB : DRAM Memory 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 : : DMA Controller Interrupt ConIroIIer ~ Timing ConIroIIer RTC Option I I I1_ _ _ _ _ .
Technical data on the 8250 Serial Controller: 8250 Technical Specification National Semiconductor Corporation 2900 Semiconductor Drive Santa Clara, CA 95051 Technical data on the RS223C buffers: MAX232 Data Sheet Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. 510 N. PastoriaAvenue Sunnyvale, CA 94086 The specification on the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) can be obtained from: ANSI X3.
4.3 CPU AND GENERAL ARCHITECTURE The V40 CPU, operating at a 7.16 MHz clock frequency, is the central element in the Little Board/PC. It supports a superset of the Intel 8088/8086 microprocessor instructions, including compatibility with the 80188/80186 extensions. The V40 also provides an 8080 emulation mode which allows it to execute 8-bit 8080 programs. The V40 CPU can directly address 1 megabyte of memory via 20 address lines.
4.4.1 Interrupt Controller The interrupt controller within the V40 provides a superset of the functionality of the 8259A interrupt controller normally used in a standard PC. and is software compatible with that device. Six of the seven interrupt sources are connected directly to the corresponding signals on the board's PC Expansion Bus.
4.4.3 DMA Controller The V40 CPU has four independent DMA channels. They provide full 2O-bit address registers and 16-bit byte count registers. In addition the V40's DMA controller features: • • • • Three types of transfer modes: single byte, demand, and block. Two types of bus access priority modes: release and hold. Two types of channel access priority: fIXed and rotating Automatic channel reinitializing.
Table 4-1. DMA Channel Remapping STANDARD PC DNA CHANNEL ACTUAL V40 DNA CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT 1 0 Available to user 2 1 Floppy disk controller 3 2 SCSI controller (fixed disk) Since DMA channel 0 in a PC is used for DRAM refresh, the PC Expansion Bus does not provide a pin for "DRQO." "DACKO" does appear on the PC Expansion bus, to let expansion cards know when a DRAM refresh cycle is taking place. The Little Board/PC also provides a DACKO signal, based on the V4O's DRAM refresh signal.
At 4.77 MHz (a standard PC clock rate), a clock period is approximately 210 nsec. Memory accesses on a PC are four cycles long, or 840 nanoseconds. At 7.16 MHz (the clock rate of the Little Board/PC), a clock period is approximately 140 nsec. Therefore, to calculate the factor needed to emulate the standard PC's timing on the Little Board/PC, divide 840 by 140, which results in a requirement for six 7.16 MHz cycles per memory access. .
DRAM refresh in a standard PC is accomplished by using erc channell, DMA channel 0, and several additional external devices. On the Little BoardIPC, these are not required due to the availability of a dedicated refresh controller within the V 40 CPU. In addition, the V40's refresh request (REFRQ) signal is used to generate the DACKO signal on the PC Expansion Bus, providing a refresh signal for expansion cards plugged into the bus.
Devices with an access time of 200 nanoseconds or less can be used in either U15 or U26 without wait states. When using wait states, add 140 nanoseconds of access time for each wait state programmed. The default on power-up is two wait states. 4.6 ONBOARD 1/0 INTERFACES The Little Board/PC has seven on-board I/O interfaces, which can be architecturally divided into two sections: "internal" and "external" (see FtgIlfe 4-1).
Handshake Signals In addition to data input and output, the V40 Serial Port's RS232C interface includes one active handshake signal in each direction and one always-true output signal. These are typically utilized as Request to Send (RTS) and Clear to Send (CTS) signals, but can be used in any desired manner. The always-true output signal can be used by peripherals that require a Data Terminal Ready (DTR) or similar static signal.
4.6.4 Speaker Interface ASIC2 provides the logic for a PC compatible speaker port. The speaker logic signal is amplified by a Darlington transistor circuit which provides approximately .1 watt of audio power to an external 8 ohm speaker. As in the standard PC, the speaker circuit's output frequency is based on one of two sources: The V4O's CTC Channel 2; and the programming of two bits, 0 and I, in I/O port 61h. The system's 7.16 MHz master clock is divided down to 1.
4.6.7 Floppy Disk Controll.. A 37C65B floppy disk subsystem controller provides the equivalent of an entire PC compatible floppy disk controller plug-in card, within a single LSI device.
The interrupt output of the 53C80 can optionally be connected to the IRQ5 system interrupt via a jumper (W6), as this is optionally supported by the Ampro SCSI/BIOS. The 53C80's DMA request output signal normally connects to DMA channel DRQ3 via a jumper (W2), but can alternatively be connected to DRQ1 if necessary. See Chapter 2 for jumpering information.
Although the function of DACKO refresh signal is the same as that in a PC, its timing is somewhat different in one respect: the V40 CPU occasionally does a rapid "burst" of refresh cycles, as close as 200 nS apart. with no other intervening CPU cycles. This is in contrast to the nearly constant refresh rate -- one every 15 microseconds -- found in most PC's.
CHAPTERS PROGRAMMING INFORMATION 5.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter provides information useful to programmers who intend to program Little Board/PC hardware directly. Normally the operating system, or the application software program itself, handles the hardware for you, so that you need not be concerned with direct programming of the board's hardware. In addition, the Little Board/PC's ROM-BIOS provides a high degree of compatibility with the IBM PC ROM-BIOS.
Table 5-1. Little Board/PC Memory Map MEMORY ADDR FUNCTION F8000 - FFFFFh BIOS PROM Socket at U21 (Required). Generally occupied by a PC c~tible ROM-BIOS with _ro SCSI/BIOS extensions. Contains a startup vector at address FFFFOh. FOOOO - F7FFFh Read/write byte-wide memory socket at U15. EOOOO - EFFFFh Read/write byte-wide memory socket at U26. Jumpers allow the origin of the device to be at EOOOOh, EBOOOh, ECOOOh, or EEOOOh. COOOO - DFFFFh Not used on the Little Board/PC.
Table 5-2. Little Board/PC I/O Map I/O ADDRESS FUNCTION FFFO - FFFFh V40 internal control registers 0400 - FFEFh Not available. 03F8 - 03FFh PC Serial Port Hpri .. ryu option 03FO - 03F7h Floppv disk 3F2 - FOC 3F4 - FOC 3F5 - FOC 3F7 - FOC 03BC - 03BFh Parallel pr inter IIsecondarY" opt i on 0378 - 037Fh Parallel printer IIprimaryll option 0338h Jumper input port. SCSI 10, floppv type, and V40 serial port handshake input.
5.4 V40 INTERNAl REGISTERS The V40 CPU has the following internal controllers: REFU WCU erc SCU lCU DMAU Refresh Control Unit Wait State Control Unit Counter/Timer Controller Serial Control Unit Interrupt Control Unit DMA Control Unit The V40 accesses the internal peripherals using normal I/O addressing. The addresses assigned to these internal peripherals are not available for general use. Note, though, that these addresses are situated at the very top of the 16-bit I/O address space.
Table 5-3. V40 Internal Peripheral Control Registers I/O ADR NAMe FFFFh FFFEh OPCN FFFDh OPSEL FFFCh OPHA FFFBh DULA FFFAh IULA FFF9h TULA FFF8h SULA FFF7h FFF6h WCY2 FFF5h wcn FFF4h WMB FFF3h FFF2h RFC FFF1h FFFOh TCKS DESCRIPTION Reserved on-chip Peripheral Comection register_ Selects between DMA3 and V40 serial. on-chip Peripheral Selection. Enables SCU, CTC, ICU, and DMAU on-chip Peripheral High Address.
Table 5-4.
5.6 SCSI INTERFACE The 53C80 SCSI Protocol Controller device, which generates the board's SCSI interface, contains eight readable and eight writable registers, which begin at the base address of 330h. The 53C80's internal registers are shown in Table 5-5. Table 5-5. 53C80 Internal Reglst.... I/O ADR INPUT/OUTPUT FUNCTION 0330h 0331h 0332h 0333h 0334h 0335h 033611 0337h Inp.lt Inp.lt Inp.lt Inp.lt Inp.lt Inp.lt Inp.lt Inp.
5.6.2 Simple 8ldirectionaillO If you plan to program the 53CSO yourself, you will need a copy of the NCR 53C80 design manual mentioned above. The 53C8O has 17 bidirectional 110 lines, which may be used as inputs or outputs under software contro~ and also offers the option of a variety of interrupts based on specific transitions of 110 signals. Basically, the 53C80 has two operating modes: Initiator and Target modes.
Table 5-6. Jumper Input Port Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 HSI W29 W28 W27 W26 W25 W24 W23 Bit 7 3-6 Si gnal/FU'lCt i on HSI - Handshake input signal for the V40 Serial Port. Must be polled by software if active input handshaking is required. Can be used for CTS, OCD, or other desired purpose. W26.27.2B.29 - These four bits reflect the states of the c:orresponding j~r positions. A j~r "on" results in the data bit being a "0", while "off" results in a "1.
APPENDIX A LITTLE BOARD/ PC UTIUTIES SOFTWARE
APPENDIX A LlnLE BOARDI PC UTILITIES SOFTWARE INTRODUCTION This Appendix contains detailed information on each of the driver and utility programs sup- plied on the Little Board/PC Utilities diskette. Each program's description explains what the program does and how it is used. Program descriptions are in alphabetical order, so this chapter can serve as a handy reference. Each program is identified by a version and revision level.
CONDRVR.SYS DESCRIPTION CONDRVR.SYS is a support utility for the Ampro Little Board/PC which allows you to use an RS232 serial device connected to the board's V40 serial port as the system console, instead of the IBM style keyboard, display adapter, and monitor normally used. This can be especially useful in embedded applications in which only occasional keyboard/display access is required, and graphics output is not used.
96OO,19200,or38400 d = Data bits: 7 or 8 (no parity if 8 bits) s == Stop bits: 1 or 2 p = Parity: 0, E, or N (odd,even,none) h = Hardware handshake option, as follows: ha = enables hardware handshake on "ModeI4A" boards hb,. enables hardware handshake on "ModeI4B" (or later) boards h = enables hardware handshake; driver will attempt to fIgUre out which type of board (Model 4A or 4B) is being used For example, DEVICE = CONDRVR.
PRNDRVR.SYS DESCRIPTION PRNDRVR.SYS is a support utility for the Ampro Little Board/PC which allows you to use the board's V40 serial port for a RS-232 serial printer. The driver performs two basic functions: 1. Remaps printer output to the V40 serial port - the BIOS parallel output function (lNT 17) is redirected. Characters to be written to the system printer through the INT 17 function are sent out the V40 serial port instead of being sent to the normal parallel port. 2.
SCSI-ID DESCRIPTION The Ampro SCSI-ID utility reports the system's SCSI Initiator ID to the console, and also sets the DOS ERRORLEVEL so it may be tested in a batch file. One use of the SCSI-ID utility is that it allows you to easily verify the SCSI 10 setting of your Little Board. An interesting use of this program is to allow multiple Little Boards to boot from a single SCSI device, yet automatically begin execution of unique applications based on each board's SCSI ID.
SCSICOMP DESCRIPTION The Ampro SCSICOMP utility allows you to compare the contents of two SCSI direct access devices (e.g. hard disk drives). Although the program must be run from ~OS, SCSICOMP pays no attention to the contents of the source and destination SCSI devices, and does not care what (if any) operating system has been used to write data to them. You can specify any two SCSI controller IO's, drive Logical Unit Numbers (LUNs), SCSI block range to be compared.
EXAMPLE In this example, 2000 blocks (10,240,000 bytes) of data are compared, between LUN 0 on SCSI ID 0 and LUN 1 on SCSI ID 1.
SCSICOPY DESCRIPTION The Ampro SCSI COpy utility allows you to copy a block of data between two SCSI direct access devices (e.g. hard disk drives). Although the program must be run from ~OS, SCSICOpy pays no attention to the contents of the source SCSI device, and does not care what (if any) operating system has been used to write data to it. You can specify any two SCSI controller 10's, drive Logical Unit Numbers (LUN's), and any block range.
EXAMPLE In this example, 2000 blocks (10,240,000 bytes) of data are copied from LUN 0 on SCSI ID 0 to LUN 1 on SCSI ID 1. What is the first SCSI 10 and logical unit I1I.IItler? SCSI 10 (0-7): O Logical unit I1I.IItler (0-3): O What is the second SCSI 10 and logical unit I1I.IItler? SCSI ID (0-7): 1 Logical unit I1I.
SCSIFMT DESCRIPnON SCSIFMT is the Ampro SCSI hard disk formatter utility. It is used to perform the low-level format for SCSI hard disk drives, prior to final preparation of the drive using the standard drive preparation utilities offered by your operating system. SCSIFMT supports the SCSI Common Command Set (CCS) direct access devices (typically hard disk drives). Consult the specific SCSI hard disk controller manual for information as to compatibility with the SCSI CCS.
Confirm bypass option. If used, SCSIFMT does not ask for a confirming "Y" keystroke before continuing with the format. USE WITH CAUTION! Y Parameters may be entered in any order and in upper or lower case. Examples A:>SCSIFMT 14 LO M5 This example searches the SCSI device with SCSI ID 4, LUN 0, for bad blocks and maps out any bad blocks that are discovered. Five clean passes must be performed before the command completes.
SCSIPARK DESCRIPTION The Ampro SCSIPARK utility is used to position the read/write head(s) of a SCSI drive to a predefmed safety zone on the disk surface, to guard against accidental data loss due to either power on/off glitches in the drive electronics or media damage due to mechanical shock. You should always use SCSIPARK to "park" your drives' heads prior to switching off AC power, or during extended periods of time during which the drives will not be accessed.
SCSITOOL DESCRIPTION The Ampro SCSITooL utility is a powerful and flexible SCSI debugging tool which allows you to demonstrate, test, and debug SCSI commands and devices. Options are provided which allow you to create any desired SCSI command, and write or read desired data patterns to or from any type of SCSI device.
your screen, and will position the cursor over the fIrst byte of data on the command or data buffer entry line. For example: ComRand CC,D,E,R,S,?, to quit): , The Command Buffer currently contains: o 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Enter the new values in hexadecimal. The leaves a digit unchanged, while the key stops editing and returns to the list of commands. o <.
SETWAIT DESCRIPTION The Ampro SETWAIT utility is used to initialize the V40 microprocessor's wait state control registers to other than the ROM-BIOS deCaults. Since the deCaults within the ROM-BIOS are set Cor the slowest possible device access times, it is usually desirable to use this utility to increase the speed oC system operation immediately Collowing system boot. This is done by placing a SETWAIT command line in the system's AUTOEXEC.BAT fIle.
parameters you specify will be changed. If no parameters are included on the command line, SETWAIT will provide a brief help screen. If the slash (/) is included, SETWAIT will show the new settings when it runs. EXAMPLE The following SETWAIT command corresponds to the contents of the "TURBO.
ters: (1) Unlike the memory wait state control parameters (UMW.MMW.LMW). there are no address boundaries for the I/O. DMA, and refresh wait state parameters. (2) The values for DMA wait states (DMAW) and refresh wait states (RFW) are independent of the values specified for ordinary memory access cycles (UMW.MMW.LMW) and ordinary I/O access cycles (lOW).
