Operating instructions

upgrade installation An installation of Windows on top of an earlier in
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stalled version, thus inheriting all previous hardware and software settings.
UPS (uninterruptible power supply) A device that supplies continuous clean
power to a computer system the whole time the computer is on. Protects against
power outages and sags. The term UPS is often used mistakenly when people
mean SPS (Standby Power Supply).
upstream A term used to define the part of a USB connection that plugs into a
USB hub.
URL (uniform resource locator) An address that defines the location of a re
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source on the Internet. URLs are used most often in conjunction with HTML
and the World Wide Web.
USB (universal serial bus) A general-purpose serial interconnect for key-
boards, printers, joysticks, and many other devices. Enables hot-swapping and
daisy-chaining devices.
user account A container that identifies a user to an application, operating
system, or network, including name, password, user name, groups to which the
user belongs, and other information based on the user and the OS or NOS being
used. Usually defines the rights and roles a user plays on a system.
user interface A visual representation of the computer on the monitor that
makes sense to the people using the computer,through which the user can inter
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act with the computer.
user level security A security system in which each user has an account and
access to resources is based on user identity.
user profiles A collection of settings that correspond to a specific user ac
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count and may follow the user regardless of the computer at which he or she logs
on. These settings enable the user to have customized environment and security
settings.
UTP (unshielded twisted pair) A popular type of cabling for telephone and
networks, composed of pairs of wires twisted around each other at specific in
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tervals. The twists serve to reduce interference (also called crosstalk). The more
twists, the less interference. The cable has no metallic shielding to protect the
wires from external interference, unlike its cousin, STP. 10BaseT uses UTP, as do
GLOSSARY 69
Passport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary
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