Operating instructions

numbers that are translated into their shorthand numeric values. The IP
address can be broken down into a network ID and a host ID.
IPCONFIG A command-line utility for Windows NT servers and workstations
that displays the current TCP/IP configuration of the machine, similar to
WINIPCFG and IFCONFIG.
IPX/SPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequence Packet Exchange) Pro
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tocol suite developed by Novell, primarily for supporting Novell NetWare-based
networks.
IRC (Internet Relay Chat) The Internet Relay Chat, or just Chat, is an online
group discussion.
IRQ (interrupt request) A signal from a hardware device, such as a modem or
a mouse, indicating that it needs the CPU’s attention. In PCs, IRQs are sent
along specific IRQ channels associated with a particular device. IRQ conflicts
were a common problem in the past when adding HYPERLINK "http://
www.webopaedia.com/TERM/I/expansion_board.html" expansion boards, but
the Plug-and-Play specification has removed this headache in most cases.
ISA (industry standard architecture) The Industry Standard Architecture
design was found in the original IBM PC for the slots on the motherboard that
allowed additional hardware to be connected to the computer’s motherboard.
An 8-bit, 8.33-MHz expansion bus was designed by IBM for its AT computer
and released to the public domain. An improved 16-bit bus was also released to
the public domain. Replaced by PCI in the mid-1990s.
ISDN (integrated services digital network) The CCITT (Comité Consultatif
Internationale de Télégraphie et Téléphonie) standard that defines a digital
method for communications to replace the current analog telephone system.
ISDN is superior to POTS (see POTS) telephone lines because it supports up to
128 Kbps transfer rate for sending information from computer to computer. It
also allows data and voice to share a common phone line. DSL reduced demand
for ISDN substantially.
ISO 9660 CD format to support PC file systems on CD media. Supplanted by
the Joliet format.
ISP (Internet service provider) A company that provides access to the Inter-
net, usually for money.
GLOSSARY 37
Passport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary
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