AR400 SERIES ROUTER Hardware Reference AR410 AR410S AR440S AR441S AR450S
AR400 Series Router AR400 Series Router Hardware Reference Document Number C613-03086-00 REV A Copyright © 2004 Allied Telesyn International, Corp. 19800 North Creek Parkway, Suite 200, Bothell, WA 98011, USA. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written permission from Allied Telesyn. Allied Telesyn International, Corp. reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior written notice.
Hardware Reference 3 Contents Contents .......................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 4 Models Covered By This Reference .................................................................... 4 Where To Find More Information ...................................................................... 5 AR410 and AR410S Routers ...........
AR400 Series Router Introduction The AR400 Series routers are high-performance broadband routers based around 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX ports. AR410, AR410S, AR440S and AR441S routers include a Port Interface Card (PIC) bay. The AR440S and AR441S include an ADSL port. PIC bays add expansion flexibility by allowing the installation of PIC cards, which are available with ISDN (PRI E1/T1, BRI S/T, or BRI U), Ethernet, synchronous, or asynchronous ports.
Hardware Reference 5 Where To Find More Information The Documentation and Tools CD-ROM bundled with each router contains the complete Document Set for your router and, where applicable, its expansion options. The CD-ROM also includes tools for managing your router. The Document Set includes: ■ The Safety Booklet for your router, which provides safety and statutory information. ■ The Quick Install Guide for your router, which outlines how to install the router.
AR400 Series Router • AT-AR026 4ETH PIC, four 10BASE-T/100 BASE-TX auto-negotiating ports with RJ-45 connectors. • AT-AR027 VoIP-FXS PIC, two Foreign Exchange Subscriber (FXS) ports with RJ-11 connectors. When installed in an AR410 or AR410S router and operating in V.35 mode, synchronous PICs have full V.35 functionality, but their output voltages may not be within the voltage range set by the V.35 specification. Synchronous PICs installed in an AR410 or AR410S cannot be fully tested with Syntester.
Hardware Reference 7 Main system Main features of AT-AR410 and AT-AR410S routers are: ■ 66 MHz RISC processor. ■ 16 MBytes of synchronous DRAM. ■ 8 MBytes of flash memory (1 MByte reserved for boot code). ■ 4 x 10/100 Mbps full duplex Ethernet LAN ports. ■ 1 x 10/100 Mbps full duplex Ethernet WAN port. ■ 1 RS-232 asynchronous serial port (maximum speed 115200 bps). ■ 1 PIC bay.
AR400 Series Router Table 1-1: AR410 and AR410S LEDs (Continued) LED State Function Enabled Green A PIC card is correctly installed and has been detected by the router Off No card is installed Green The corresponding port is operating at fullduplex Off The corresponding port is operating at halfduplex Green A link has been established through the corresponding port Flashing Data is being transmitted through the corresponding port Off No link is present through the corresponding port Gr
Hardware Reference 9 AR440S and AR441S ADSL Routers Each AR440S or AR441S router consists of a base CPU card, enclosure, and power supply. The base CPU card supports: ■ AR440S: One Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Annex A port. ■ AR441S: One Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Annex B port. ■ Five 10/100 LAN switch ports. ■ One asynchronous RS-232 (ASYN0) port. The PIC bay can accommodate any of the following PICs: • AT-AR020 PRI E1/T1 PIC, one Primary Rate E1/T1 port.
AR400 Series Router Main system Main features of the AR440S and AR441S routers are: ■ 300 MHz RISC processor. ■ 64 MBytes of SDRAM. ■ 16 MBytes of flash memory (1 MByte reserved for boot block code). ■ 5 x 10/100 Mbps full duplex, Layer 2 switched Ethernet LAN ports. All LAN ports have Auto-MDI, however if Auto-MDI is turned off, then all ports are hardwired as MDI-X. Software can also force a port to either MDI or MDI-X. ■ AR440S: 1 x ADSL Annex A port AR441S: 1 x ADSL Annex B port.
Hardware Reference 11 Environmental conditions ■ Operating temperature range: 0 to 50º C (32º to 122º F) ■ Storage temperature range: -25 to 70º C (-13º to 158º F) ■ Relative humidity range - Storage: 5 to 95% non-condensing ■ Relative humidity range - Operating: 5 to 80% non-condensing ■ Operational altitude: 3,000 metres maximum (10,000 feet) LEDs and what they mean Functions of AR440S and AR441S LEDs are shown in the following table.
AR400 Series Router Table 1-3: AR440S and AR441S LEDs (Continued) LED State Function ADSL Green A link has been established through the ADSL port. It is ready to send or receive data. Green flashing fast Data is being transmitted or received through the ADSL port. Green flashing slow (1 sec) The ADSL port is in Loopback mode. Orange The ADSL DSP is initialised and the port handshakes (looking for tones) or is physically disconnected.
Hardware Reference 13 AR450S Router Each AR450S router consists of a base CPU card, enclosure, and power supply. The base CPU card supports: ■ Five 10/100 LAN switch ports. ■ Two 10/100 Eth ports. ■ Two asynchronous RS-232 (ASYN 0 and ASYN 1) ports. Front and rear panels of the AT-AR450S router shown in the following figure. Figure 1-3: Front and rear panels of the AT-AR450S router. Main system Main features of the AR450S router are: C613-03086-00 REV A ■ 400 MHz RISC processor.
AR400 Series Router The RS-232 asynchronous serial ports (ASYN 0 and ASYN 1) are wired as DTE ports and can be used as general purpose ports for terminals, printers or modems. The default communications settings are: • 9600 bps • 8 data bits • 1 stop bit • no parity • hardware flow control Random Access Memory (RAM) The AR450S has 64MB of SDRAM provided on a single DIMM. 128MB and 256MB ECC SDRAM are also supported.
Hardware Reference 15 LEDs and what they mean Table 1-4: AR450S LEDs LED State Function Power Green The router is receiving power and the power switch is in the ON position System Amber Lit briefly during router start up, or the router is malfunctioning. Amber flashing The router fan has failed.
AR400 Series Router 2. Check the rack. Ensure that the rack is safely secured and that it will not tip over. Devices in a rack should be installed starting at the bottom, with the heavier devices near the bottom of the rack. Ensure the rack has sufficient space for the router and its associated cables. The router is 1U high. 3. Unscrew the feet. 4. Connect the handles to the brackets. Screw the handles to the wider side of each bracket, using the supplied screws (see Figure 1-4). 5.
Hardware Reference 17 2. Screw the brackets to the router. Screw a wall mount bracket to the outer screw holes on each side of the router using the shorter M3 screws supplied (see figure below). Figure 1-5: Connecting the wall mount bracket to the router. Screw the wall brackets to the wall with the brackets at the top and bottom and the feet against the wall.
AR400 Series Router Online Documentation This section provides a step-by-step guide to accessing documentation on the CD-ROM. Adobe Acrobat Reader must be installed to view the documentation. To access the documentation To use the CD-ROM, follow these steps 1. Insert your router’s Documentation and Tools CD-ROM in the CD-ROM drive. 2. If the Welcome screen does not appear. Select "Run" from the Start Menu (Windows 95, 98, 2000 or XP). Type d:\start.
Hardware Reference 19 AT-TFTP Server This section provides information on how to access and use AT-TFTP Server. AT-TFTP Server can be used to transfer configuration files as well as to download software patches and releases. To use AT-TFTP Server 1. If AT-TFTP Server has not yet been installed. Install it now from the router’s Documentation and Tools CD-ROM. To install AT-TFTP server, choose AT-TFTP Server from the Start > Programs > Allied Telesyn > AT-TFTP Server menu. 2.
AR400 Series Router Using Windows HyperTerminal You can use a PC running terminal emulation software as the manager console, instead of a terminal. There are many terminal emulation applications available for PCs, but the most readily available are the Terminal and HyperTerminal applications included in Microsoft Windows 95, 98, 2000 and Windows XP. In standard Windows installations, HyperTerminal is located in the Start > Programs > Accessories menu.
Hardware Reference 21 4. 5. In the COMn Properties dialog box, set: • “Bits per second” to 9600. • “Data bits” to 8. • “Parity” to None. • “Stop bits” to 1. • “Flow control” to Hardware. • Click “OK”. From the File menu, select: • “Properties” In the Connection Properties dialog box, click the Settings tab and set: C613-03086-00 REV A • “Function, arrow, and ctrl keys act as” to “Terminal keys” • “Emulation” to VT100.
AR400 Series Router 6. Click “ASCII Setup” to display the ASCII Setup dialog box. Uncheck: • “Echo typed characters locally”. • “Append line feeds to incoming line ends”. Set other parameters as required. • 7. Click “OK” twice to close all dialog boxes. Save the current session. From the File menu, select: • “Save”. This creates a connection icon with the name you assigned in the HyperTerminal group. To use the configuration: • Double-click the connection icon in the HyperTerminal group.
Hardware Reference 23 Router Start-Up At start-up, the manager can choose to run either the software release stored in the flash boot block, or the software release specified by the INSTALL parameters previously set using the SET INSTALL command. All code is executed out of system RAM. At power-up the boot code is loaded from the flash boot block to RAM.
AR400 Series Router 4. Check the INSTALL information to determine which release to load and run, according to the INSTALL parameters, and the manager’s response to the previous prompt. If none of the keys in Table 1-5 on page 24 are pressed, the INSTALL parameters determine which release and patch are loaded and run. 5. Load the required release specified by the INSTALL parameters from the flash file system as the main boot. 6. Start the router. 7.
Hardware Reference 25 During the start-up process the router generates four different types of messages. All messages are preceded by one of the words INFO, PASS, FAIL, or ERROR. The meaning of these words in the context of the messages is shown in the following table. Table 1-6: Router start-up message classes. Message Meaning INFO An informational message that an action has been taken by the system. PASS An informational message that a test has been completed successfully.
AR400 Series Router FAIL: Unexpected exception. Offset = 40, Addr = 0100045e. An unexpected exception occurred while the start-up was executing. The vector offset and the program counter when the exception occurred are given in the message. Contact your distributor or reseller. INFO: Executing configuration script The configuration commands stored in are being executed. If an error is found in the script, one or more ERROR messages will be displayed.
Hardware Reference 27 If flash memory has been used in the past, it may already be formatted and contain files. With erased or new flash memory that has been correctly formatted, an 80 byte hidden system file is present. A typical display for an FFS is shown in Figure 1-9 on page -28. Figure 1-7: Example output from the show system command for the AT-AR450S router. Router System Status Time 02:25:09 Date 25-May-2004.
AR400 Series Router Figure 1-9: Example output from the show file command for an AR450S Filename Device Size Created Locks ------------------------------------------------------------------------450-252a.hlp flash 140586 09-May-2003 17:01:15 0 54-252.rez flash 2316676 11-Dec-2003 08:49:27 0 54-261.rez flash 2424476 21-Aug-2003 12:11:56 0 54252-03.paz flash 150916 11-Dec-2003 08:55:25 0 config.gui flash 363 04-Mar-2004 15:16:09 0 config.ins flash 32 11-Dec-2003 14:00:07 0 d450se02.
Hardware Reference 29 RS-232 Terminal Ports (ASYN) Asynchronous interfaces (labelled ASYN0, ASYN1, RS-232 or CONSOLE) use DB9 female connectors, DB9 male connectors, or RJ-45 connectors, depending on the model (Table 1-7). Pinouts match those used for most building wiring schemes (Table 1-8, Table 1-9, and Table 1-10 on page -30). Table 1-7: Asynchronous interface connectors by model.
AR400 Series Router Table 1-10: Pinout of the RJ-45 connectors on asynchronous interfaces (pins are numbered from left to right). Pin Function Signal Direction 1 RING Input to router (only available on expansion card interfaces) 2 DCD Input to router 3 DTR Output from router 4 GND 5 RXD Input to router 6 TXD Output from router 7 CTS Input to router 8 RTS Output from router Asynchronous interfaces follow the RS-232 standard.
Hardware Reference 31 An alternative method, for both terminal and modem cables, is to wire an R-45 patch cord (a straight pin-to-pin cable with RJ-45 connectors on both ends) and then use an RJ-45-to-DB25 adaptor wired internally as a crossed cable. These adaptors are available in both DB25 female and male versions from data cabling suppliers, and are supplied with wires terminated on the RJ-45 socket and pins on the free ends. The pins are inserted into the appropriate positions in the DB25 shell.
AR400 Series Router Figure 1-12: Pin wiring diagram for a standard DB9 male to female terminal cable. DB9 Male (to router/modem/DCE) Not connected → ← ← → ← → ← Pin 1 DB9 Female (to PC/router/terminal/DTE) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pin 5 Pin 5 (DCD) (RXD) (TXD) (DTR) (GND) (DSR) (RTS) (CTS) (RING) Pin 1 Cable Pin 6 Pin 9 Pin 9 DB9 Male Pin View Notes: (1) (2) Pin 6 DB9 Female Pin View → Output from router; ← Input to router. Cable version 1.0.
Hardware Reference 33 Figure 1-13: Pin wiring diagram for a DCE asynchronous port (DB9 female connector) to modem cable. DB9 Male (to router/DCE) Not connected → ← ← → ← → Pin 1 DB9 Male (to modem/DCE) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 (TXD) 2 (RXD) 1 (DCD) 5 (GND) 4 (DTR) 8 (CTS) 7 (RTS) 9 6 Not connected Pin 5 Pin 1 Pin 5 Cable Pin 6 Pin 9 DB9 Male Pin View Notes: (1) (2) Pin 9 Pin 6 DB9 Male Pin View → Output from router; ← Input to router Cable version 1.0.
AR400 Series Router Figure 1-15: Pin wiring diagram for a Macintosh serial cable. MiniDin (to Macintosh) RJ45 (to switch or router) ← → ← → ← → (RING) (DCD) (RTS) (RXD) (GND) (TXD) (CTS) (DTR) Notes: (1) (2) 1 2 8 5 4 6 7 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 Not connected 7 8 → Output from switch or router; ← Input to switch or router. Cable version 1.0.
Hardware Reference 35 Figure 1-16: RJ-45 loopback plug for testing asynchronous interfaces. RJ45 Asynchronous Port Loopback Plug (RJ45 connector) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 (RING) (DCD) (DTR) (GND) (RXD) (TXD) (CTS) (RTS) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Router end view of plug RJ45LOOP Figure 1-17: DB9 female loopback plug for testing asynchronous ports with DB9 male connectors.
AR400 Series Router Test Facility A Test Facility designed to test the router’s physical interfaces and expansion options is built into the router software. The Test Facility can be thought of as a specialised interface module like PPP or Frame Relay. Although the router can continue to operate normally during specific tests, any interfaces being tested are dedicated to the Test Facility. For more information on the Test Facility’s operation, see the Test Facility chapter, Software Reference.
Hardware Reference 37 Asynchronous interface tests Asynchronous interfaces require a loopback plug to be installed before the test will operate. See “Cables and Loopback Plugs” on page -30 for details of how to make a loopback plug. To start a test of an asynchronous interface, use the command: enable test int=asynn where n is the interface number. This runs the test for 4 minutes. Use the show test command (Test Facility chapter, Software Reference) to observe the test progress.
AR400 Series Router Expansion Options Some of the AR400 Series routers allow the following expansion options: ■ Port Interface Cards (PIC) - for routers with PIC bays, you can install a PIC when you require it. ■ Mini Accelerator Cards (MACs) - for the AR410, you can order a MAC when you purchase the device, or get one fitted later by authorised service personnel. Port Interface Cards (PICs) PICs (Port Interface Cards) can be installed in all AR400 Series routers except the AR450S.
Hardware Reference 39 Compression MAC-based compression has the following features: ■ Local 32-bit processor for high speed control and data transfer. ■ Dedicated high performance 32-bit compression hardware. ■ High compression ratio Lempel-Ziv algorithm in hardware. ■ 2 MBytes of history memory. ■ Support for up to 127 compression channels.
AR400 Series Router Dual mode Throughput of an encrypted link can be dramatically increased by using data compression. To support this, ECMACs support both encryption and compression to provide a dual mode that allows combined compression and encryption operations.
Hardware Reference 41 Restricted Procedures Diagnostics The router software includes a set of diagnostic programs. These programs perform basic level checks of all system components. They do not run in conjunction with the normal operating code, and require that the system be totally dedicated to their use. A detailed knowledge of the way your router hardware functions is necessary if diagnostics are to be used effectively. Diagnostic mode should be used by authorised service personnel only.
AR400 Series Router To run a diagnostic program, enter the corresponding letter or number. There are several sub-menus to cover the different options. The following table lists keys that control the basic operation of the diagnostics. Table 1-14: Basic commands for running diagnostics. Key Function Q Quits any running tests and displays the banner page. S Prints a summary of test results so far.