AR400 SERIES ROUTER USER GUIDE Software Release 2.4.
AR400 Series User Guide for Software Release 2.4.1 Document Number C613-02021-00 REV B. Copyright © 2001 Allied Telesyn International, Corp. 960 Stewart Drive Suite B, Sunnyvale CA 94086, USA. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written permission from Allied Telesyn. Allied Telesyn International, Corp. reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior written notice.
Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction Introducing The AR400 Series Router ................................................................ 7 Why Read This User Guide? .............................................................................. 7 Where To Find More Information ...................................................................... 8 The AR400 Series Router Documentation Set ............................................. 8 Online Technical Support .................................................
AR400 Series User Guide Example: Load a Patch File Using HTTP ..................................................... Uploading Files From the Router ............................................................... Example: Upload a Configuration File Using TFTP ...................................... More information ..................................................................................... Upgrading Router Software ............................................................................
Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) .............................................................. 83 OSPF ............................................................................................................... 84 Configuring a Basic OSPF Network ........................................................... 84 CHAPTER 6 Maintenance and Troubleshooting This Chapter ................................................................................................... How the Router Starts Up .........
AR400 Series User Guide Software Release 2.4.
Chapter 1 Introduction Introducing The AR400 Series Router Congratulations on purchasing an AR400 Series router — the optimal solution for your small or medium sized business. This guide introduces the AR400 Series router and will guide you through the most common uses and applications of your new router. Getting started will not take long—many applications are set up in just a few minutes. If you have any questions about the router, contact your authorised distributor or reseller.
AR400 Series User Guide Where To Find More Information Before installing the router and any expansion options, read the important safety information in the AR400 Series Router Safety and Statutory Information booklet. Follow the Quick Install Guides’ step-by-step instructions for physically installing the router and any expansion options. The AR Series Router Hardware Reference gives detailed information about the equipment hardware.
Introduction 9 Online Technical Support For online support for your AR400 Series router, see our online support page at http://www.alliedtelesyn.co.nz/support/ar400. This page also contains the latest router software release. Use the LOAD command to download software upgrades directly from the Allied Telesyn web site to the router’s FLASH memory. Use the SET INSTALL command to enable the new software release (see “Upgrading Router Software” on page 34).
AR400 Series User Guide Software Features Existing Software features for the AR400 Series router include: ■ IP, IPX and AppleTalk routing ■ IPv6 ■ OSPF ■ RIP and RIP V2 ■ Spanning tree bridging ■ BAP/BACP (Bandwidth Allocation Protocol) ■ PPP multilink ■ CLI, PAP and CHAP ■ Callback ■ RADIUS ■ VRRP ■ BGP-4 ■ PPPoE ■ SNMP management ■ Firewall ■ IPSec ■ Frame Relay ■ X.
Introduction 11 Special Features Licences You need a special feature licence and password to activate some special features over and above the standard software release. Typically, these special features are covered by government security regulations. Special feature licences and passwords are quite separate and distinct from the standard software release licences and passwords.
AR400 Series User Guide Software Release 2.4.
Chapter 2 Getting Started This Chapter Your AR400 Series router is supplied with default settings which allow you to operate the router immediately, without any configuration. Even if this is all you want to do, you should still gain access to the router configuration, if only to change the manager password to prevent unauthorised access. To change the switching configuration, and to take advantage of the advanced routing features, you will need to enter detailed configuration.
AR400 Series User Guide Warning about FLASH memory Before you start to configure your router, note that it is possible to enter commands that can impact severely on your router’s performance. DO NOT clear the FLASH memory completely. The software release files are stored in FLASH, and clearing FLASH memory would leave no software to run the router. While FLASH is compacting, do not restart the router or use any commands that affect the FLASH file subsystem.
Getting Started 15 Terminal Communication Parameters Check that the terminal or modem’s communication settings match the settings of the asynchronous port.
AR400 Series User Guide Changing a Password You should change this password to prevent unauthorised access to the router. Enter the command: SET PASSWORD The router prompts you for the current password, for the new password, and for confirmation of the new password. The password can contain any printable characters, and must be at least a minimum length, by default six characters.
Getting Started 17 Using the Commands You control the router with commands described in this document and in the AR400 Series Router Software Reference. While the keywords in commands are not case sensitive, the values entered for some parameters are. The router supports command line editing and recall. Command line editing functions and keystrokes are shown in Table 2 on page 17. Table 2: Command line editing functions and keystrokes.
AR400 Series User Guide Getting Command Line Help Online help is available for all router commands. A multilingual, languageindependent online help facility provides help information via the command: HELP [topic] If a topic is not specified, a list of available topics is displayed. The HELP command displays information from the system help file stored in FLASH memory. The help file uses a simple mark-up language to identify topics, access level (USER or MANAGER) and help text.
Getting Started 19 Enabling Special Feature Licences You must enable the special feature licence you have purchased before you can use the licenced features. You will need the password provided by your authorised distributor or reseller. The advanced upgrade licence and password are different from the standard software release licence and password. The licence cannot be transferred from one router to another.
AR400 Series User Guide and a contact name and phone number for the network administrator responsible for the router, for example: SET SYSTEM CONTACT=”Anna Brown 03-456 789” The name, location, and contact are strings 1 to 80 characters in length of any printable character. If the string includes spaces enclose the string in double quotes.
Getting Started 21 When you are configuring the router remotely, if you change the configuration, for instance the VLAN membership, of the port over which you are configuring, the router is likely to break the connection. For more information about switch ports and Virtual LANs (VLANs), see Chapter 4, Physical and Layer 2 Interfaces in this document, and the Switching chapter in the AR400 Series Router Software Reference.
AR400 Series User Guide Software Release 2.4.
Chapter 3 Operating the Router This Chapter This chapter introduces basic operations on the router, including: ■ “User Accounts and Privileges” on page 23 ■ “Normal Mode and Security Mode” on page 25 ■ “Remote Management” on page 27 ■ “Storing Files in FLASH Memory” on page 27 ■ “Using Scripts” on page 28 ■ “Loading and Uploading Files” on page 30 ■ “Upgrading Router Software” on page 34 ■ “Using the Built-in Editor” on page 38 ■ “SNMP and MIBs” on page 38 User Accounts and Privileges Th
AR400 Series User Guide using an internal database called the User Authentication Database, or by interrogation of external RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service) or TACACS (Terminal Access Controller Access System) servers. To use an account with manager privilege, log in to the account by entering the command: LOGIN The router prompts you to enter a user name and password. To return to USER mode, enter the command: LOGOFF Make sure that you do not leave a manager session unattended.
Operating the Router 25 For more information about managing and using accounts with user, manager and security officer privileges, for a full list of security commands, and for information about enabling a remote security officer, see the Operations chapter in the AR400 Series Router Software Reference. Normal Mode and Security Mode The router operates in one of two modes, either normal mode or security mode. By default, the router is in normal mode.
AR400 Series User Guide Table 4: Commands requiring SECURITY OFFICER privilege when the router is operating in security mode.
Operating the Router 27 Remote Management You can manage remote routers as easily as you manage the local router a terminal is connected to. From a terminal connected to any port (with either USER or MANAGER privilege), enter the command: TELNET ipadd to Telnet to the remote router, specifying the remote router’s IP address. For information about how to set routes and on how you assign an IP address to your router, see “Setting Routes” on page 21 and “Assigning an IP Address” on page 20.
AR400 Series User Guide Figure 2: Example output from the SHOW FILE command. Filename Device Size Created Locks -----------------------------------------------------------------------1mac.scp flash 527 08-Nov-2000 12:46:00 0 86s-210.rez flash 1690736 14-Sep-2000 14:11:56 0 config.scp flash 64 10-Nov-2000 23:26:31 0 hdroute.scp flash 374 08-Nov-2000 12:46:00 0 loadup.scp flash 173 20-Nov-2000 07:03:30 0 loadup1.scp flash 224 14-Nov-2000 14:11:56 0 quick.scp flash 2036 08-Nov-2000 12:46:00 0 release.
Operating the Router 29 For more information about how to create and run scripts, see the Scripting chapter in the AR400 Series Router Software Reference. For information about creating triggers, see the Trigger Facility chapter in the AR400 Series Router Software Reference.
AR400 Series User Guide Loading and Uploading Files When you want to upgrade your router to a new software patch or release, or use a new configuration file, load files onto the router using the router’s LOADER module. You can also use the LOADER module to upload files, such as configuration files or log files, from the router onto a host on the network. File Naming Conventions The file subsystem provides a flat file system—directories are not supported.
Operating the Router 31 Table 5: File extensions and file types. (Continued) Extension File type/function SCP Script. SPA Spam Mail Source files, listing email addresses, identified as spam mail sources, to be blocked by the firewall SMTP proxy, if it is active. SPL VPN client. TXT Generic text file. VPF Future VPN client. You may see files on your router with file name extensions not listed in Table 5 on page 30.
AR400 Series User Guide Setting LOADER Defaults You are likely to repeat the process of downloading files onto the router using a similar method each time. You can set defaults for some or all of the LOADER parameters. You can then use or override some or all of these defaults for each particular load.
Operating the Router 33 Uploading Files From the Router The LOADER can upload files from the router to a network host, using TFTP or ZMODEM. Upload files using one of the commands: UPLOAD [METHOD=TFTP] [FILE=filename] [SERVER={hostname|ipadd}] UPLOAD [METHOD=ZMODEM] [FILE=filename] [ASYN=port] The UPLOAD command uses defaults set with the SET LOADER command, for parameters not specified with the upload command.
AR400 Series User Guide Upgrading Router Software When you first start the router, it automatically loads the software release from FLASH memory into RAM, where the CPU uses it to run all the router’s software features. The router may also load a patch file to improve the main release. The software release and any patch files are current when the router is produced at the factory.
Operating the Router 35 To change the install information in the router, enter the command: SET INSTALL={TEMPORARY|PREFERRED|DEFAULT} [RELEASE={release-name|EPROM}] [PATCH=patch-name] For security reasons the SET INSTALL command is only accepted if the user has SECURITY OFFICER privilege. When you set a patch file as part of a temporary install or permanent install, you must also set the corresponding release file in the same command, if it has not already been set as part of that install.
AR400 Series User Guide Wait for the release to load. This can take 5 to 10 minutes or more, even if you are loading the file over a high speed link. To see the progress of the load, enter the command: SHOW LOAD To check that the files are successfully loaded, enter the command: SHOW FILE 3. Enter licence information for the release. Enter the licence password for the software release. ENABLE RELEASE=52-241.rez PASSWORD=ce645398fbe NUMBER=2.4.
Operating the Router 37 Example: Upgrade to a new patch file Use this procedure to upgrade the software release currently running on the router with a new patch. This example assumes that the current release, Software Release 2.3.2, is set as the preferred release. To upgrade to a new patch file: 1. Load the new patch file onto the router. Load the new file onto your router. See “Loading and Uploading Files” on page 30. LOAD FILE=52232-02.paz Check that the file is successfully loaded. SHOW FILE 2.
AR400 Series User Guide Using the Built-in Editor The AR400 Series router has a built-in full-screen text editor for editing script files stored on the router file subsystem. Using the text editor you can run script files manually, or set script files to run automatically at router restart, or on trigger events. Figure 3 on page 38 shows a example screen shot of the text editor.
Operating the Router 39 ■ Host Resources MIB (RFC 1514) ■ DS1, E1, DS2, and E2 Interface Types MIB (RFC 2495) The SNMP agent is disabled by default. To enable SNMP, enter the command: ENABLE SNMP SNMP communities are the main configuration item in the router’s SNMP agent, and are defined in terms of a list of IP addresses which define the SNMP application entities (trap hosts and management stations) in the community.
AR400 Series User Guide ■ How to use FLASH compaction to regain storage space on the router. Read “Warning about FLASH memory” on page 14 before you attempt to do this. ■ How to set aliases to represent common command strings. ■ How to define a remote security officer, so you can manage the security features remotely via Telnet.
Chapter 4 Physical and Layer 2 Interfaces This Chapter This chapter introduces the physical and logical interfaces available on the base unit router and the optional interfaces available as expansion options for the PIC bay.
AR400 Series User Guide Figure 4: Network overview. Data link protocols Physical interfaces SYN Network routing protocols PPP IP FR IPX X.25 LAPB X.25T MIOX X.25C BRI Q.931 ISDN CALL over BRI channel PRI Q.931 ISDN CALL over PRI channel ASYN ACC PPP ETH PPPoE PORT VLAN AppleTalk DECnet PPP (ACC/L2TP) PPP (ACC/L2TP) UGFIG1 Interfaces The physical interfaces on the base unit or expansion option, sometimes called ports, connect the router to the physical network.
Physical and Layer 2 Interfaces 43 Two of the encapsulations supported for synchronous ports—Frame Relay and Point-to-Point Protocol—are described in detail in the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and Frame Relay chapters in the AR400 Series Router Software Reference. The Basic Rate and Primary Rate ISDN interfaces are described in the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) chapter in the AR400 Series Router Software Reference.
AR400 Series User Guide Ethernet Ports An Ethernet interface on the router is automatically configured by the software modules when the router starts up. No user configuration of the Ethernet interfaces is required, except to enable other software modules to use the interface. This is achieved by adding a software module interface and using the clause INTERFACE=ethn,where n is the number of the Ethernet interface being configured.
Physical and Layer 2 Interfaces 45 Table 7: Factory defaults for configurable parameters for asynchronous ports. Option Default setting PARITY NONE PROMPT DEFAULT (CMD>) SECURE ON SERVICE NONE SPEED AUTO STOPBITS 1 TYPE VT100 For more information about asynchronous ports, see the AR Series Router Hardware Reference or the Interfaces chapter in the AR400 Series Router Software Reference.
AR400 Series User Guide Synchronous Ports You can use the asynchronous console port on the base unit to configure the router. Additional asynchronous ports can also connect terminals, printers and terminal ports on host computers. Your router supports synchronous interfaces with speeds of up to 2.048 Mbps, also known as E1.
Physical and Layer 2 Interfaces 47 able to determine the duplex mode of the link and must be forced to use the correct mode. Switch ports autonegotiate by default when they are connected to a new device. To force ports to use a fixed speed and duplex mode, enter the command: SET SWITCH PORT={port-list|ALL} SPEED={AUTONEGOTIATE|10MHALF|10MFULL|100MHALF|100MFULL} Table 8: Autonegotiation preferences for switch ports.
AR400 Series User Guide For more information about limiting switch traffic, see the Switching chapter in the AR400 Series Router Software Reference. Virtual LANs A Virtual LAN (VLAN) is a software-defined broadcast domain. The router’s VLAN feature allows you to segment a network by software management to improve network performance. You can group workstations, servers, and other network equipment connected to the router according to similar data and security requirements.
Physical and Layer 2 Interfaces 49 Point to Point Protocol (PPP) The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) establishes a connection between the router and a service provider, on demand. PPP provides mechanisms for transmitting data over synchronous connections, ISDN, ACC and L2TP calls, groups of TDM slots, and Ethernet. Each protocol carried over PPP has an associated Network Control Protocol (NCP) that negotiates options for the protocol and brings up the link for that protocol.
AR400 Series User Guide PPPoE PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) is defined in RFC 2516 “A Method of Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet”. PPPoE is used to run PPP over the Ethernet. The same authentication, billing and transfer systems as for PPP are then available in Ethernet networks. PPP over Ethernet enables multiple hosts at a remote site to share the same access device, while providing the access control and billing functionality of dial-up PPP connections.
Physical and Layer 2 Interfaces 51 Consult your Frame Relay network provider before making changes to the parameters that affect the LMI dialogue. Parameters for setting the interface defaults for encryption and compression are also set with the CREATE command. These values are used by all DLCs on the interface unless specifically overridden for a particular DLC.
AR400 Series User Guide 3. Add logical interfaces if required Frame Relay logical interfaces (FRLI) provide a mechanism for organising DLCs into groups. Each FRLI, or group of DLCs, are assigned its own IP address to split the Frame Relay network into subnets. A default FRLI 0 is always created when a Frame Relay interface is created. To create additional FRLI’s, enter the command: ADD FRAMERELAY=fr-interface LI=logical-interface By default, all DLCs are associated with the default FRLI 0.
Physical and Layer 2 Interfaces 53 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) To use ISDN connections with an AR400 Series router you need to install the appropriate Port Interface Card (PIC) in the router’s PIC bay. Either install an ISDN Basic Rate ISDN (BRI) or Primary Rate ISDN (PRI) PIC.
AR400 Series User Guide Default Setup The standard LAPD configurations are shown in Table 9 on page 54 (Basic Rate Interfaces) and Table 10 on page 54 (Primary Rate Interfaces). These settings suit many situations. However, you can modify these settings as required to suit other network situations (see the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) chapter, AR400 Series Router Software Reference). Table 9: Standard LAPD configuration for an ISDN Basic Rate Interface.
Physical and Layer 2 Interfaces 55 Configuring ISDN This section describes how to configure ISDN on an ISDN expansion option on your router using the command line interface. If you want to use ISDN, your router must have a PIC bay with the appropriate ISDN Port Interface Card installed. Simple ISDN configurations for Basic Rate ISDN, Primary Rate ISDN, ISDN Dial on Demand and ISDN Bandwidth on Demand are described.
AR400 Series User Guide 2. Select country or territory. To select the country in which the router is operated, enter the command: SET SYSTEM TERRITORY={AUSTRALIA|CHINA|EUROPE|JAPAN|KOREA| NEWZEALAND|USA} The territory determines which Q.931 profile is used on the ISDN interface. For example, to select the Q.931 profile for the United States, enter the command: SET SYSTEM TERRITORY=USA If you are not sure which territory to use, contact your authorised distributor or reseller.
Physical and Layer 2 Interfaces 57 If the Auto SPID procedures fail, manually enter the SPIDs with the command: SET Q931=0 SPID1=spid SPID2=spid Enter directory numbers and subaddresses with the command: SET Q931=0 NUM1=number NUM2=number SUB1=subaddress SUB2=subaddress The ISDN service provider must supply the directory numbers and subaddresses.
AR400 Series User Guide 6. Create PPP interfaces. Create PPP interfaces to use the ISDN calls. PPP provides the link layer protocol and enables multiple network and transport layer protocols such as IP and Novell® IPX to be carried over the same ISDN link.
Physical and Layer 2 Interfaces 59 The territory determines which Q.931 profile is used on the ISDN interface. For example, to select the Q.931 profile for New Zealand, enter the command: SET SYSTEM TERRITORY=NEWZEALAND If you are not sure which territory to use, contact your authorised distributor or reseller. Failure to select the correct territory will invalidate the approval of this product with respect to the applicable national standards for the country in which the product is used. 3.
AR400 Series User Guide number may contain only decimal digits. Hyphens and other characters will result in an error. Check that the ISDN calls are successfully added with the command: SHOW ISDN CALL 5. Create PPP interfaces. Create PPP interfaces to use the ISDN calls. PPP provides the link layer protocol and enables multiple network and transport layer protocols such as IP and Novell® IPX to be carried over the same ISDN link.
Physical and Layer 2 Interfaces 61 Setting the IDLE parameter to ON enables the idle timer and sets the timeout period to 60 seconds. ISDN calls are disconnected no data is transmitted over the link for 60 seconds. To enable the idle timer with a different timeout period, specify a time in seconds instead of the value ON.
AR400 Series User Guide Installing Port Interface Cards (PICs) Port Interface Cards (PICs) provide you with a cost effective and flexible way to add new or additional network interfaces to your router. If you add or change PICs, you can upgrade network interface capability without having to replace the router. For information about what PICs are available for your AR400 Series router, see the AR Series Router Hardware Reference.
Chapter 5 Routing This Chapter This chapter introduces some protocols supported by the router, including: ■ Internet Protocol (IP) (see “Configuring an IP Network” on page 63). ■ IP Multicasting (see “Configuring IP Multicasting” on page 67). ■ Configuring Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (see “Configuring Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)” on page 73.) ■ Novell IPX (see “Configuring a Novell IPX Network” on page 75).
AR400 Series User Guide Before You Start 1. Ensure that the routers you want to configure are connected as described in the AR400 Series Router Quick Install Guide. 2. Connect a terminal to the console port (port 0) on each router as described in the in the AR400 Series Router Quick Install Guide. Alternatively, you can connect a PC to the console port and use a terminal emulation program like Windows™ Terminal. 3. Login to the MANAGER account on each router (see “Logging In” on page 15).
Routing 65 To configure IP follow these steps The following steps are required: 1. Configure the PPP Link. 2. Create a VLAN and add untagged ports. 3. Configure the IP routing module on both routers. 4. Test the configuration. 5. Save the configuration. 1. Configure the PPP Link Refer to other sections of this guide on how to configure PPP interface 0 on each router to use the wide area link. 2.
AR400 Series User Guide Repeat this procedure on the Remote Office router, defining one IP interface for the VLAN and one for the wide area link: ADD IP INT=VLAN3 IP=192.168.31.30 MASK=255.255.255.240 ADD IP INT=PPP0 IP=172.16.254.2 MASK=255.255.255.0 A routing protocol, such as RIP, can be enabled so that the routers can exchange information about routes to all of the IP devices (hosts, PCs, file servers, etc.) on the internet.
Routing 67 Configuring IP Multicasting IP multicasting is used to transmit packets to a group of hosts simultaneously on a TCP/IP network or sub-network. Network bandwidth is saved because files are transmitted as one data stream and are split apart by the router to the target stations at the end of the path. The multicast environment consists of senders (IP hosts), routers and switches (intermediate forwarding devices) and receivers (IP hosts).
AR400 Series User Guide Configuring IGMP By default, IGMP is disabled on the router and on all interfaces. To enable IGMP on the router, enter the command: ENABLE IP IGMP You must enable IGMP on an interface before the interface can send or receive IGMP messages. If DVMRP is used for multicast routing, you must also enable IGMP on any interfaces used by DVMRP.
Routing 69 Figure 6: Multicast configuration example using IGMP and DVMRP. Router A eth0 203.45.90.2 ppp1 Router C 203.45.90.3 ppp0 ISDN 172.73.1.2 172.73.1.1 17 3 2. 4. 7 2. ppp0 189.124.7.9 0 fr0 202.96.152.12 eth Frame Relay IP host A 189.124.7.8 ppp0 172.74.1.2 2 2. 4. 7 2. 17 1 eth eth0 fr0 202.96.152.4 172.70.1.2 172.70.1.1 172.74.1.
AR400 Series User Guide 3. Configure PPP. To create PPP interfaces over a synchronous port and the ISDN call, enter the commands: CREATE PPP=0 OVER=SYN0 CREATE PPP=1 OVER=ISDN-DVMRP IDLE=ON 4. Configure IP. To enable the IP module, and assign IP addresses to the interfaces, enter the commands: ENABLE IP ADD IP INTERFACE=PPP0 IPADDRESS=189.124.7.9 MASK=255.255.0.0 ADD IP INTERFACE=PPP1 IPADDRESS=203.45.90.2 MASK=255.255.255.0 ADD IP INTERFACE=ETH0 IPADDRESS=172.73.1.2 MASK=255.255.255.0 5.
Routing 71 3. Configure IP. To enable IP on the router, and assign IP addresses to the interfaces used by DVMRP for multicast routing, enter the commands: ENABLE IP ADD IP INTERFACE=PPP0 IPADDRESS=189.124.7.8 MASK=255.255.0.0 ADD IP INTERFACE=ETH0 IPADDRESS=172.74.1.2 MASK=255.255.255.0 ADD IP INTERFACE=ETH1 IPADDRESS=172.74.2.2 MASK=255.255.255.0 4. Configure IGMP.
AR400 Series User Guide 4. Configure PPP. To configure a PPP interface over the ISDN interface, enter the command: CREATE PPP=0 OVER=ISDN-DVMRP IDLE=ON 5. Configure IP. To enable the IP module, and assign IP addresses to the interfaces, enter the commands: ENABLE IP ADD IP INTERFACE=FR0 IPADDRESS=202.96.152.12 MASK=255.255.255.0 ADD IP INTERFACE=PPP0 IPADDRESS=203.45.90.3 MASK=255.255.255.0 ADD IP INTERFACE=ETH0 IPADDRESS=172.74.2.3 MASK=255.255.255.0 6. Configure IGMP.
Routing 73 4. Configure IGMP. To enable IGMP on the router, and on the interfaces over which group membership will be managed, enter the commands: ENABLE IP IGMP ENABLE IP IGMP INTERFACE=ETH0 ENABLE IP IGMP INTERFACE=FR0 5. Configure DVMRP. To enable DVMRP on the router, and on the interfaces over which DVMRP will perform multicast routing, enter the commands: ENABLE DVMRP ADD DVMRP INTERFACE=ETH0 METRIC=1 ADD DVMRP INTERFACE=FR0 DLC=20 METRIC=6 Confirm multicasting.
AR400 Series User Guide ■ the manual allocation mechanism, where a host’s IP address is assigned by the network administrator, and DHCP is used simply to convey the assigned address to the host. A particular network will use one or more of these mechanisms, depending on the policies of the network administrator. DHCP is based on its predecessor, Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP), but adds automatic allocation of reusable network addresses and additional configuration options.
Routing 75 4. Test the configuration. To check that DHCP functions correctly, enter the commands: SHOW SHOW SHOW SHOW 5. DHCP DHCP POLICY DHCP RANGE DHCP CLIENT Configure a printer. To configure a printer with the MAC address of 00-00-0c-00-28-73 that only talks BOOTP, enter the commands: ENABLE DHCP BOOTP CREATE DHCP POLICY=prnt LEASE=INFINITY INHERIT=base ADD DHCP RANGE=office POLICY=prnt IP=192.168.1.
AR400 Series User Guide Table 12: Frame type and equivalent router encapsulation. Novell Frame Type Router Encapsulation Ethernet_802.3 802.3 Ethernet_802.2 802.2 Ethernet_II EthII Ethernet_SNAP SNAP 2. Ensure that the routers you want to configure are connected as described in the AR400 Series Router Quick Install Guide. 3. Connect a terminal to the console port (port 0) on each router as described in the in the AR400 Series Router Quick Install Guide.
Routing 77 Table 13: Example configuration parameters for an IPX network (Continued). Configuration Parameter Head Office Router Remote Office Router PPP interface ppp0 ppp0 Novell network number for PPP 129 129 IPX circuit over PPP 2 2 To configure IPX follow these steps The following steps are required: 1. Configure the PPP link. 2. Configure the routers for IPX. 3. Test the configuration. 4. Save the configuration. 1.
AR400 Series User Guide 3. Test the Configuration To examine the route table and service table on each router, enter the commands: SHOW IPX ROUTE SHOW IPX SERVICE The route table will contain paths from each Novell device which advertises routes, for example file servers and routers. The service table lists all the services, such as file services and print services, that devices are advertising.
Figure 8: Example output from the SHOW IPX CIRCUIT command. IPX CIRCUIT information Name ......................... Status ....................... Interface .................... Network number ............... Station number ............... Link state ................... Cost in Novell ticks ......... Type20 packets allowed ....... On demand .................... Circuit 1 enabled vlan11 (802.3) c0e7230f 0000cd000d26 up 1 no no Spoofing information Keep alive spoofing .......... SPX watch dog spoofing ......
AR400 Series User Guide Figure 9: Example configuration for an IPX dial-on-demand network. Head Office Router Remote Office Router Network = 129 PPP Data Link Network = 12 Network = 401 Remote PC Netware File Server UGIPX2_R Figure 10: Example configuration parameters for IPX dial-on-demand. Parameter Head Office Router Remote Office Router Ethernet interface eth0 eth0 Ethernet encapsulation 802.3 802.
Routing 81 3. Define IPX circuits On the Head Office router define two IPX circuits, one for the Ethernet interface and one for the wide area link. To configure the wide area link as a demand link and enable RIP and SAP change broadcasts, enter the commands: ADD IPX CIRC=1 INT=ETH0 NETW=401 ENCAP=802.
AR400 Series User Guide 4. Save configuration To save the new dynamic configuration as a script, enter the command: CREATE CONFIG=IPXFILT.SCP AppleTalk The AppleTalk network architecture provides internetworking of Macintosh computers and other peripheral devices using LocalTalk media. AppleTalk allows seamless access to network services such as file servers and printers from the Macintosh desktop environment.
Routing 83 Routing Information Protocol (RIP) The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance vector protocol that is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite used to exchange routing information between routers. RIP determines a route based on the smallest hop count between source and destination. Routing protocols such as RIPv1 and RIPv2 can be enabled on a VLAN.
AR400 Series User Guide Figure 13: Example output from the SHOW RSVP INTERFACE command. RSVP Interfaces Maximum Reserved No.
Routing 85 Figure 14: .A basic OSPF network with an addressless PPP link. Router 2 Router 1 172.31.2.2 172.31.2.1 Point-to-Point link 172.31.1.1 172.31.108.10 LAN LAN Area 1 UGOSPF1_R To configure a basic OSPF network follow these steps The following steps are required: 1. Configure the PPP and Ethernet interfaces on router 1. 2. Configure router 1 as an OSPF router. 3. Configure the PPP and Ethernet interfaces on router 2. 4. Configure router 2 as an OSPF router. 1.
AR400 Series User Guide 4. Configure router 2 as an OSPF router. To create an OSPF area, assign the IP interfaces to the area, and configure OSPF routing parameters, enter the command: ENABLE OSPF ADD OSPF AREA=0.0.0.1 AUTHENTICATION=PASSWORD ADD OSPF RANGE=172.31.0.0 AREA=0.0.0.1 MASK=255.255.0.0 ADD OSPF INTERFACE=ETH0 AREA=0.0.0.1 PASSWORD=csecret ADD OSPF INTERFACE=PPP0 AREA=0.0.0.
Maintenance and Troubleshooting 87 Chapter 6 Maintenance and Troubleshooting This Chapter If you are familiar with networking and router operations, you may be able to diagnose and solve some problems yourself. This chapter gives tips on how to: ■ start your router (see “How the Router Starts Up” on page 88). ■ avoid problems (see “How to Avoid Problems” on page 89).
AR400 Series User Guide How the Router Starts Up The sequence of operations that the router performs when it boots are: 1. Perform startup self tests. 2. Perform the install override option. 3. Load the EPROM release as the INSTALL boot. 4. Inspect and check INSTALL information. 5. Load the required EPROM or FLASH release as the main boot. 6. Start the router. 7. Execute the boot script, if one has been configured.
Maintenance and Troubleshooting 89 When you start the router the EPROM release is always loaded first. The EPROM release contains all the code required to obtain and check the INSTALL information. This first boot is known as the INSTALL boot. The INSTALL information is inspected and the router is setup to perform another load. Even if the actual release required is the EPROM release, another load is always performed. At this point, if a patch load is required, it is also performed.
AR400 Series User Guide Configure logging The logging facility stores log messages for events with a specified severity in a log file. You can change the size of the log file, and the kind of messages recorded. You can configure the router to output log messages in several ways, including to a remote router with a specified IP address, or as an email to a particular email address. The router can also receive log messages from another router.
Maintenance and Troubleshooting 2. 91 Log in. Log in to the router using the default password friend for the manager account. 3. Put current software release on server. Make sure you have the current software release and patch files on a server connected to the router by the switch port or Ethernet port. Current software release and patch files are downloaded from the support site at http://www.alliedtelesyn.co.nz/support/ar400. 4. Assign an IP address.
AR400 Series User Guide ■ PING the IP address at the local router’s interface to the Network Terminator (NT). If this fails, check the IP configuration on your router. ■ PING the Network Terminator (NT) interface to the router at the local premises. If this fails, check the physical connection between the router and the NT. ■ PING the Network Terminator (NT) interface to the ISDN network at the local premises. If this fails, the NT may be faulty.
Maintenance and Troubleshooting 93 Getting the Most Out of Technical Support For online support for your router, see our on-line support page at http://www.alliedtelesyn.co.nz/support/ar400. If you require further assistance, contact your authorised distributor or reseller. Gather as much of the following information from your router and network as you can. This gives the support personnel as much information as possible to diagnose and solve your problem.
AR400 Series User Guide Resetting Router Defaults To restart the router at any time with no configuration, enter the command: RESTART ROUTER CONFIG=NONE If boot.cfg has changed, to set it back to the default configuration by saving the default dynamic configuration to the boot.cfg file, enter the command: CREATE CONFIG=boot.cfg To set the router to restart with the boot configuration file, enter the command: SET CONFIG=boot.cfg DO NOT clear the FLASH memory completely.
Maintenance and Troubleshooting 95 If PING to the end destination fails, PING intermediate network addresses. If you can successfully PING some network addresses, and not others, you can deduce which link in the network is down. Note that if Network Address Translation (NAT) is configured on the remote router, PINGing devices connected to it may give misleading information. For more information about using PING, see the Internet Protocol (IP) chapter in the AR400 Series Router Software Reference.
AR400 Series User Guide 5. Contact your authorised distributor or reseller for assistance If the route still does not appear, contact your authorised distributor or reseller for assistance. Telnet Fails 1. If Telnet to router fails Check that the IP address you used matches the one assigned to the router. To check that RIP is configured correctly, enter the command: SHOW IP RIP To check that the IP Telnet server is enabled on each router, enter the command.
Maintenance and Troubleshooting 97 In Microsoft® Windows™ 2000, click Settings → Control Panel → Network and Dial-up Connections → Local Area Connection → Properties. Select Internet connection (TCP/IP) and click Properties. Click Obtain an IP address automatically. 3. Check that the DHCP server has a large enough range of addresses. To assign a range, enter the command: CREATE DHCP RANGE Troubleshooting IPX Configurations No Routes are Visible to the Remote Router 1.
AR400 Series User Guide Local Workstations Can Not Access Remote Servers A number of different events can cause this problem. The following list of events gives the most common: 1. Move workstation to server LAN Check that when the workstation is moved to the same LAN as the file server, it is able to access the server. If not, the fault lies with the configuration of the workstation or file server. Check with your Novell network administrator. 2. Check NET.
Maintenance and Troubleshooting 99 Using Trace Route for IP Traffic You can use trace route to discover the route that packets pass between two systems running the IP protocol. Trace route sends an initial UDP packets with the Time To Live (TTL) field in the IP header set starting at 1. The TTL field is increased by one for every subsequent packet sent until the destination is reached. Each hop along the path between two systems responds with a TTL exceeded packet and from this the path is determined.
1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction Introducing The AR400 Series Router ................................................................ 7 Why Read This User Guide? .............................................................................. 7 Where To Find More Information ....................................................................... 8 The AR400 Series Router Documentation Set .............................................. 8 Online Technical Support ......................................................
2 Rapier Switch User Guide CHAPTER 4 Physical and Layer 2 Interfaces This Chapter ................................................................................................... 41 Interfaces ........................................................................................................ 42 Naming Interfaces ........................................................................................... 43 Ethernet Ports .............................................................................
3 Maintenance and Troubleshooting This Chapter ................................................................................................... 87 How the Router Starts Up ............................................................................... 88 How to Avoid Problems ................................................................................... 89 What to do if you clear FLASH memory completely ......................................... 90 What to do if ISDN Fails to Connect ...............
4 Rapier Switch User Guide Rapier Switch Software Release 2.2.
