Instruction manual

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KONA 3 Installation and Operation Manual — Reference Terms
DTV (Digital
Television)
DTV stands for Digital Television. It refers to all digital television formats and standards
established by the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC). Two basic DTV
standards are HDTV (high-definition television) and SDTV (standard-definition
television)
Frame rate The rate at which frames are displayed per second. Frame rates are used in synchronizing
audio and pictures for video and film. In motion pictures and television, the frame rates
are standardized by SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Editors). SMPTE
frame rates of 24, 25 and 30 frames per second are very common, with a great number of
others also used. Frame rates have different applications and uses in different workflows.
For motion pictures 24 frames per second is common, while in standard definition
television 30 frames per second is common in the US (NTSC). Higher frame rates
produce smoother motion but also create larger file storage requirements.
HDTV (High-
Definition
Television)
High Definition Television refers to the highest-resolution formats of the DTV formats.
Offering twice the vertical and horizontal picture resolution of standard definition, an
HD picture is much sharper. HDTV has a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9. HD formats
1080i and 720p both offer reduced motion artifacts like ghosting and dot crawl.
HD-SDI Refers to a high definition signal provided on a serial digital connection.
High Definition A video format consisting of either 720 active lines of progressive video or 1080 active
lines, using either progressive or interlaced scanning.
Interlaced
Scanning
A scanning method based on the visible screen showing every odd line at one scan of the
screen and the even lines in a second scan.
Letterbox Letterbox refers to the image of a wide-screen picture on a standard 4:3 aspect ratio
screen. Usually black bars are shown above and below the picture to fill the unused space.
Letter-boxing maintains the original aspect ratio of the source (often a film source of 16:9
aspect ratio or wider).
Luminance The brightness or black-and-white component of a color video signal. Luminance
determines the level of picture detail.
Progressive
Scanning
Progressive scanning provides a picture made up of 720 or 1080 horizontal lines scanned
progressively in succession, within a vertical frame. The frame repeats 30 times a second.
Resolution Resolution usually refers to the density of lines, and dots per line, that represent an image.
It is measured by the number of pixels displayed. A higher number of lines and dots
provides sharper and more detailed picture content. Analog television pictures have over
200,000 color pixels while HDTV—at 1080 vertical pixels by 1920 horizontal pixels—
offer greater than 2 million pixels per picture.
Sampling A digital process by which analog information is measured in intervals to convert analog
to digital.