Agilent Instrumentation Laboratory Exercise Prof.
Contents Introduction 1 Laboratory Exercise 1 2 Resistor codes, breadboard, and basic measurements using Agilent data acquisition system 2 Apparatus 2 1.1 Introduction and objectives 2 1.2 Electrical safety 3 1.3 Resistor color codes 3 1.4 The breadboard (protoboard) 4 1.5 Connection to the DAQ device 8 1.6 Agilent VEE Student/Pro 10 Verifying and launching your module connection 10 Laboratory Exercise #1 14 Laboratory Exercise 2 15 Diode junction temperature measurement 15 Apparatus 15 2.
4.1 Introduction 30 4.2 Objectives 31 4.3 Circuit setup 31 4.4 VEE programming 32 4.5 Test procedure 39 Laboratory Exercise #4 41 Laboratory Exercise 5 42 Motor speed-torque characteristics 42 Apparatus 42 5.1 Introduction and objectives 42 5.2 Circuit setup 43 5.3 VEE programming 43 5.4 Test procedure 51 Laboratory Exercise #5 52 Laboratory Exercise 6 53 Passive filter measurements 53 Apparatus 53 6.1 Introduction and objectives 6.2 Circuit setup 54 6.3 VEE programming 55 6.
Introduction This manual is intended as a complement to an existing course in PC- based instrumentation for university and polytechnic students. The theory of the various measurements, signals, and measurement techniques should be covered in the course component. This laboratory component addresses the practical application of the knowledge and techniques studied.
Laboratory Exercise 1 Resistor codes, breadboard, and basic measurements using Agilent data acquisition system Apparatus • Three units of 1 kΩ resistors • Test/prototyping board • Agilent U2351A, U2352A, U2353A, or U2354A USB multifunction data acquisition device • Agilent E3620A 50 W dual output power supply or Agilent U8001A/U8002A single output DC power supply 1.1 Introduction and objectives Welcome to the world of instrumentation and measurements.
1.2 Electrical safety Electrical voltages and currents can be dangerous if they occur at values that interfere with physiological functions. All of the laboratory exercises described in this manual are designed to use AC and DC voltages of less than 15 V. Extra precaution must be taken when dealing with high voltage lines (240 Vrms, 110 Vrms). Unless you are trained in dealing with these higher voltages ensure that you never accidently connect your circuits to a live line voltage. 1.
Table 1-1 Resistor color band codes a, b, c Bands Tolerance Band Color Value Color Value Black 0 Gold ±5% Brown 1 Silver ±10% Red 2 Nothing ±20% Orange 3 Yellow 4 Green 5 Blue 6 Violet 7 Gray 8 White 9 1.
A breadboard (protoboard) shown in Figure 1- 2) is a device for prototyping electronic circuits in a form that it can be easily tested and changed. Figure 1- 3 illustrates a typical breadboard layout. The the five holes in each half column (for example, row a through e) are interconnected as shown in the figure. The lower half column (f through j) is also interconnected, but is not connected with the upper half column. The + and – rows that lie along the top edges of the breadboard are also connected.
+ – 5V GND a The grey lines indicate the interconnection of holes. The long 5 V and ground lines are often called “bus bars” of “buses”.
It is very important that you know how to acquire voltage measurements properly. Figure 1- 5 shows two ways to connect the voltage divider to the data acquisition system. The line going into Screw Terminal Block pin 1 or pin 2 is the signal line. The line going into pin 39 is the “ground reference” line, which we will connect to ground 1 in our circuit. On the left the voltage divider Vdiv is measured relative to ground. On the right both Vdiv and the 5 V line can be measured.
1.5 Connection to the DAQ device The DAQ device must be properly connected to the circuit in order to sense the voltage. Figure 1- 6 shows the screw terminal block where you will need to connect the wires. The screw terminal block is connected to Agilent USB DAQ with a SCSI cable. Both the signal and ground needs to be connected, as voltages are “relative” measurements. Pin 1 is the analog input channel 1 (called channel 101 in the program), and pin 39 is the analog ground.
Pin configurations for U2351A, U2353A Figure 1-7 Pin configurations for the DAQ screw terminal block The full pinout of the screw terminal block is shown in Figure 1- 7. AI stands for analog input. AI101 is the analog input channel 101 (the first channel). AIH and AIL refers to the appropriate pins for differential measurements, where you measure one voltage relative to another.
1.6 Agilent VEE Student/Pro Agilent VEE is a program which enables you to take measurements, perform calculations, and display and save data into files. In advanced applications the computer can be programmed to control devices or processes based on the measured data. To start, ensure that the U2351A USB multifunction data acquisition (DAQ) device is powered on, and connected to the computer through a USB cable.
To fully utilize the capabilities of VEE programming you need to master the various steps: • Reading the input signal • Signal processing (scaling, applying calibration factors, and so on) • Displaying and saving the processed signal Figure 1- 8 shows a brief example of the various program segments. • The Direct I/O box (left) is required for reading of the input signal. • The Formula box (center) is used for signal processing. • The Alpha Numeric box (right) is to display the resulting data.
Change the WRITE tab to READ, then click OK to read the voltage in. NOTE You must enter the quote signs on lines 1 to 5, or it won't work! Also in line 6, you need to select READ instead of WRITE and assign it to read a REAL64 type if it is not already chosen. Your voltage will automatically be assigned to the variable X. You may also utilize the MultiInstrument Direct I/O box instead of the Direct I/O box.
To calculate the difference in voltages you will need to read in 2 channels (101 and 102). Change all the lines in the Direct I/O box or MultiInstrument Direct I/O box (left box) to (@101,102) instead of (@101). Also add two additional lines: 1 "MEAS:VOLT:DC? (@102)" 2 READ:TEXT Y REAL64 On the Formula box right- click and ADD a DATA INPUT terminal. Link the voltage from 101 into A, link channel 102 (Y output on the Direct I/O box) into the new terminal B.
Laboratory Exercise #1 Test Report NAME:______________________________ Part 1: Calculate the equivalent resistance of the two resistors in parallel: R = __________ Calculate the anticipated voltage across the resistors in parallel: V = __________ Measure the voltage between the ground and the two lower resistors: V = __________ Part 2: Now set up the apparatus to measure the voltage drop across the upper resistor as well.
Laboratory Exercise 2 Diode junction temperature measurement Apparatus • One 1 kΩ resistor • One signal diode (silicon) • Test/prototyping board • Agilent U2351A, U2352A, U2353A, or U2354A USB multifunction data acquisition device • Agilent E3620A 50 W dual output power supply or Agilent U8001A/U8002A single output DC power supply • Thermometer (optional) 2.1 Introduction and objectives The purpose of this laboratory exercise is to learn how to calibrate and use a diode junction temperature sensor.
2.2 Circuit setup 5V R1 = 1 kΩ D1 = Signal Diode R1 VD D1 VD will be fed into pin 1 of the DAQ board, and the circuit ground will be fed into the ground (pin 39) of the DAQ. The diode has a fixed polarity; it will not work if it is connected in the opposite direction. The stripe end should be connected to ground. Once the circuit is connected, confirm that you have +5 V and that VD is approximately 0.7 V. 2.3 VEE programming The voltage VD will change slightly with temperature.
Set up the analog input on channel 101, and confirm that the signal is read into pin 1 and ground is connected to pin 39. When configuring the input channel use the following commands in the MultiInstrument Direct I/O box (from the I/O > Advanced I/O menu or from Instrument Manager side bar).
2.4 Calibration procedure We will perform a “two- point” calibration of the diode temperature sensor. To calibrate the sensor you will need a small amount of ice. Power up the circuit and display the voltage VD in an AlphaNumeric box (found in the Display menu). Allow the ice to come in contact with the diode and measure the steady state voltage. You should notice that the diode voltage goes up slightly when the ice is in contact with the diode. This should only take a few seconds.
2.5 Temperature display Set up a Formula box (found in the Device menu) for calibration allowing the subtraction of the “zero” reference voltage and multiplication by the calibration factor as shown below. Display both the raw voltage and the temperature converted to °C. NOTE Notice that a single output can be run into many inputs (as with Vd feeding both the formula and 1st AlphaNumeric boxes).
Run the program by clicking the Start button or the run (right pointing triangle on the main menu bar) button. Verify that the program accurately responds to changes in temperature. Once you have confirmed that your program successfully measures the diodes temperature, add a thermometer- type linear bar graph to the display (found in the Display > Indicators menu): Ensure that it reads near room temperature when you are not touching the diode, and heats up to over 30 °C when clasped between your fingers.
Ensure that Autoscaling is OFF. Finally, run your program and confirm that you can record the temperature fluctuations as you touch and release the diode.
Laboratory Exercise #2 Test Report NAME:______________________________ Measure the Zero Reference Voltage: VZ = __________ Measure the Room Temperature Voltage: Vr = __________ Write down the actual room temperature: Troom = __________ Calculate the calibration factor (Troom – Tice)/(Vr-VZ): CalFact = __________ Now set up to display the temperature continuously. Clasp your fingers around the diode and measure the temperature of your hand.
Laboratory Exercise 3 Motor current characteristics Apparatus • One 0.5 Ω, 5 W resistor • Small permanent magnet (PM) DC motor • Test/prototyping board • Agilent U2351A, U2352A, U2353A, or U2354A USB multifunction data acquisition device • Agilent E3620A 50 W dual output power supply or Agilent U8001A/U8002A single output DC power supply 3.1 Introduction and Objectives The purpose of this lab is to measure the current (I) versus voltage (V) characteristics of a permanent magnet DC motor.
This experiment is repeated for each of the mentioned voltages. The resulting curves (a linear increase in motor current with applied load) will be recorded in a graph and curve fit (offline). The slopes of the curves will be compared. Additionally the armature resistance of the motor will be calculated. 3.2 Circuit setup V Vm R1 = 0.
Remember to include a space after the question mark in the MEAS:VOLT:DC? command. Once you have confirmed the program runs and gives reasonable numbers add an X-Y plot (found under the Display menu). Display the motor voltage as a function of motor current. Wire current in as X (the upper left input), and motor voltage as the Y (lower left input).
You may want to set up the scale on the X- Y plot. To do this, right- click the plot, and select Properties on the pop- up menu. Go to the left side bar and click Scale Properties and make the following setting: X scale (current): minimum 0 to maximum 0.5 Y scale: minimum 1.5 to maximum 4.5 Ensure that Autoscaling is off for both axes. Run the program and build up several points on your plot. Rub your finger against the disk gently slowing the motor to a stall, and watch what happens with the current.
Instrumentation Laboratory Exercise 27
3.4 Test procedure Set the power supply voltage to 2 V, and allow the motor to spin up to its maximum speed. Notice what happens to the numbers as you apply a load to the motor. Using a piece of paper slowly apply pressure to the motors disk until the motor stalls. Record the no- load voltage, current, and resistance. Record these parameters for the stalled case as well. Repeat this for 3 V and 4 V power supply voltages. Record your results on the Test Report sheet.
Laboratory Exercise #3 Test Report NAME:______________________________ Set the power supply to 2 V, 3 V, and 4V. At each voltage, measure the motor voltage, current, and resistance when no load is applied, and when the motor is stalled (for example, with a heavy load). Fill out the following table: Motor Voltage Motor Current Motor Resistance V Power Supply No-Load Stalled No-Load Stalled No-Load Stalled 2 3 4 Display the Motor Current as a function of Motor Voltage.
Laboratory Exercise 4 Foto-optic measurements of speed and flicker Apparatus • One 10 kΩ Resistor • One Cadmium Disulphide (CdS) fotoresistor • Test/prototyping board • Agilent U2351A, U2352A, U2353A, or U2354A USB multifunction data acquisition device • Agilent E3620A 50 W dual output power supply or Agilent U8001A/U8002A single output DC power supply 4.
4.2 Objectives In this laboratory exercise, you will learn how to: • import entire wave forms, • calculate various statistics from the wave forms, and • plot the wave forms 4.3 Circuit setup 5V R1 R1 = CdS Cell R2 = 10 kΩ VL R2 VL will be fed into pin 1 of the DAQ board, and circuit ground will be fed into the ground (pin 39) of the DAQ.
4.4 VEE programming First, set up the analog input on channel 101, as done in previous exercises. We want to read in VL as a full waveform or trace consisting of many points acquired in rapid succession. Instead of sampling the signal through the "MEAS:VOLT:DC?" command we will have to set it up to read an array of points. We need to set up both the number of points required as well as the frequency.
As the digitization process takes time (in this case 200 ms), we must wait for the data to be read before we can display it so we will have to include the following loop which waits for completion of the digitization. First we need to add another Until Break loop. It is fed from the bottom of the first Direct I/O box. Its output (right side square) is connected to another Direct I/O box which queries the DAQ device to see if the digitization process has been completed.
NOTE On the second line you will have to change the command to READ, and select TEXT type data in a STRing (a series of letters) format. The variable “x” will automatically be generated for you as an output on the right side of the MultiInstrument Direct I/O box. This needs to be wired to an If/Then/ Else Conditional box (found under the Flow menu). When digitization is complete the variable x will have the text value YES.
When you have finished these steps your program should look like this: This DAQ has 16- bit resolution, but the data is transferred as 8- bit bytes. The data in the array VL is read as two bytes with the Least Significant Byte (LSB) first, and the Most Significant Byte (MSB) second. This byte order needs to be reversed. Additionally the data has been converted to the twos complement sign format.
To do this, create the following formula boxes. The VL array is wired into the left side, and the output at the right side is the array converted to volts. The first formula box extracts the MSB and removes the twos complement (by adding 128 to the value of the array). The second formula box extracts the LSB. Notice we are using a predefined function in the box called intpar. It returns the integer part of a whole number. This is used to eliminate the fractional component.
Run the program and verify that it can read the signal from the CdS cell. Move the motor slowly and confirm that the voltage level changes from low when dark to a higher voltage when exposed to light. From this graph you can estimate the maximum and minimum values, as well as the frequency of periodic signals. Calculate the frequency from the horizontal axis: Freq = 1 ⁄ ( Period ) Where Period is the time from one wave to the next wave.
NOTE You will have to right-click the box and add two additional data outputs, and you will have to right-click and delete the Result output. Also you will have to make sure the formula is entered properly as it calls the built in functions. Display these values in AlphaNumeric display boxes.
4.5 Test procedure Ensure that the sensor is placed beneath a hole in the motor's disk. Measure the voltage when the CdS cell is fully illuminated. This is the static light value. Now rotate the motor so the light is blocked. Remeasure the dark static value of the voltage. Now spin the motor up by applying 5 V to it. Notice what happens with the amplitude of the signal. As the speed of the signal increases, the sensitivity of the sensor is reduced, decreasing the peak- to- peak amplitude.
Finally, stop the motor and point the CdS cell at the fluorescent lights (make sure to shield it from light from the window). Can you detect the frequency of the lights? Below is a typical waveform showing flicker.
Laboratory Exercise #4 Test Report NAME:______________________________ Measure the static dark voltage of the CdS cell circuit: Vdark = __________ Measure the static light voltage of the circuit: Vlight= __________ Calculate the expected peak-to-peak voltage for low frequencies: Vp-p = __________ At what frequency does Vp-p drop to less than 50% of the static value: Freq.
Laboratory Exercise 5 Motor speed-torque characteristics Apparatus • One 0.5 Ω, 5 W resistor • Inferred reflective- type emitter/detector (IRPD) • Small permanent magnet (PM) DC motor • Test/prototyping board • Agilent U2351A, U2352A, U2353A, or U2354A USB multifunction data acquisition device • Agilent E3620A 50 W dual output power supply or Agilent U8001A/U8002A single output DC power supply 5.
The speed and voltage should be recorded as a function of time, and the motor voltage should be re applied to the motor causing it to spin up rapidly. Once it attains full speed, the power should once again be removed from the motor, and the speed should continue to be recorded as the motor spins to a stop. 5.2 Circuit setup 5V 5V R2 M R3 Vi R1 D1 R1 = 0.
1 "ROUT:VOLT:POL UNIP, (@102)" // Sets the input to unipolar mode 2 "ROUT:CHAN:RANG 10 (@102)" // Sets the channel to a 10 V maximum input 3 "ROUT:CHAN:STYP NRSE (@102)" // Sets the channel to be read relative to ground 4 "ROUT:SCAN (@102)" // Tells the DAQ to scan channel 102 only 5 "ACQ:POIN 1000" // Sets up to read 1000 points 6 "ACQ:SRAT 80000" // Sets up read frequency of 80 kHz 7 "DIG" // Starts the digitization process We must wait for the data to be read before we can display it, so we
This DAQ has 16- bit resolution, but the data is read in 8- bit bytes. The data in the array RAW is read as two bytes with the Least Significant Byte (LSB) first, and the Most Significant Byte (MSB) second. This byte order needs to be reversed. Additionally the data has been converted to the twos complement sign format. To convert the array back into a usable form you can perform a byte swapping procedure, and simultaneously remove the twos complement offset. To do this, create the following formula box.
The sense resistor can be read as was done in Laboratory Exercise 3. Put the Direct I/O box for reading the sense resistor after the wave form reading box. Also notice the above byte reversal formulas have been condensed into a single User Object (found under the Device menu) called Array Convert.
Power up the motor and read the sense resistor voltage, and the trace from the foto- sensor. Display the foto- sensor trace in a Strip Chart graph (found in the Display menu), and convert the sense voltage to motor current by dividing by the resistance. Spinning the motor at 5 V with no load (without rubbing the spinning disk) you should get like the following: We now need to analyze the foto- sensor wave form to determine the speed of the motor.
The period is defined as the time from one upward going transition (or crossing) of the UT to the next upward going transition. The waveform array is fed into the left side of the Array Stats formula box, and the UT value exit from the right of the second formula Threshold Limit box. The time from one upward going crossing to the next is one period. Use the following steps to create the formula box: 1 Go to Device > Formula.
The second User Object does a very similar thing, but starts its counting from the location B+1 (otherwise it would find the same transition as the previous routine). Notice that the For Range box has the FROM value as an input. You can add this by right- clicking the left side of the box and adding it.
To obtain the period you must wire up the User Objects to the incoming array, the UT, and feed the first index (from the object named 1st Transit) value into the second User Object (called 2nd Transit). The value needs to be incremented first by running it through a formula box which simply calculates A+1 as its result. Finally, the period is converted to rpm. There are eight holes, so each cycle is 1/8 of a revolution.
5.4 Test procedure You are now ready to measure the motor's speed- torque characteristics. This is a very important characterization of a motor required for understanding how it will perform with a given load. Set the supply voltage to 5 V, and run your program. There will be some minor variation in the speed and torque, but it should be relatively stable. Now slowly load the motors disk by pressing on it with a piece of paper. Note what happens with the speed and the motor current.
Laboratory Exercise #5 Test Report NAME:______________________________ What is the no-load speed of the motor with a 5 V supply: RPMNL = __________ What is the no-load current of the motor with a 5 V supply: INL= __________ What is the stall current of the motor: Istall = __________ Give the equation for the best linear fit torque curve: I = __________– RPM × __________ Get a good torque curve up on your screen and allow the technician to verify it.
Laboratory Exercise 6 Passive filter measurements Apparatus • One IRPD • Small permanent magnet (PM) DC motor • One 33 kΩ Resistor • One 0.01 µf Capacitor • Test/prototyping board • Agilent U2351A, U2352A, U2353A, or U2354A USB multifunction data acquisition device • Agilent E3620A 50 W dual output power supply or Agilent U8001A/U8002A single output DC power supply 6.1 Introduction and objectives An AC signal will be generated from the motor and optical interrupter setup as in the previous lab.
6.2 Circuit setup 5V 5V R1 M R2 R3 Vflt D1 R1 = 500 Ω R2 = 50 kΩ R3 = 33 kΩ C1 = 0.01 µf C1 Q1 The configuration above is set up as a high- pass filter. Vflt will be fed into pin 1 of the DAQ board, and circuit ground will be fed into the ground (pin 39) of the DAQ. For the low- pass filter R3 replaces C1, which is moved between Vflt and ground (as shown below). 5V M 5V R1 D1 R2 R3 Q1 Vflt R1 = 500 Ω R2 = 50 kΩ R3 = 33 kΩ C1 = 0.01 µf C1 Low- pass filter configuration.
6.3 VEE programming The basic program is setup the similar to Laboratory Exercise 5. A Start button is wired to an Until Break loop which runs a MultiInstrument Direct I/O box (called INITIATE here). The last command in this box is the DIGitization command, so next we have to add in the loop (the second Until Break) requesting status (the Direct I/O box asking for the WAVe complete STATus).
Place a strip chart to view the converted waveform. Also right click it, and set the horizontal scale (found at the left side bar when you click Properties) to 2000 points. The array must have the MSB- LSB bytes swapped as previously. Also we will calculate the period of the signal as previously, by finding the first and second positive going transitions crossing the upper threshold level UT. We are interested in the frequency of the signal, so we will convert it to cycles per second (Hz) rather than rpm.
Similarly display the frequency as an AlphaNumeric box and feed it into the X coordinate of the X vs Y Plot. Set up the X coordinate to have a scale of 10 Hz to 100 Hz. 6.4 Test procedure Once you have confirmed that you are reading the speed and amplitude properly, clear the X- Y plot by right- clicking it and going to Clear Display. Allow the motor to run at full speed. Slowly apply force to the disk, slowing the motor. As the motor slows the frequency of the signal will also be reduced.
Again clear the X- Y plot and observe what happens as you slow the motor. Finally, for comparison purposes remove the filter and remeasure the amplitude as a function of speed. In this case the amplitude should change very little.
Laboratory Exercise #6 Test Report NAME:______________________________ Measure the nominal signal amplitude (without a filter): Vn = __________ Enter the appropriate amplitudes in the following table: Signal Frequency 20 Hz 80 Hz High-pass filter Low-pass filter At approximately what frequency do the graphs cross? Crossing freq.
Appendix A Resistor color codes A resistor's value and tolerance are usually coded in with color bands (a, b, c, tolerance) as illustrated in Figure 1. The colors used for bands are listed with their respective values in Table 2.
Table A-2 Resistor color band codes a, b, c Bands tolerance Band Color Value Color Value Black 0 Gold ±5% Brown 1 Silver ±10% Red 2 Nothing ±20% Orange 3 Yellow 4 Green 5 Blue 6 Violet 7 Gray 8 White 9 Example: 1kΩ Resistor • First band (a): Brown = 1 • Second Band (b): Black = 0 • Third Band (c): Red = 2 • Tolerance: Gold = 5% 2 R = 10 ( 10 ±5% Ω) = 10 × ( 100 ±5% ) = 1000 ±5% Individual resistor values can vary from about 950 Ω to 1050 Ω.
Appendix B U2351A pinout Pin configurations for U2351A, U2353A Pin configurations for the DAQ screw terminal block NOTE (AIH101..108) and (AIL101..108) are for differential mode connection pair.
Table B-1 68-pin VHDCI connector pins descriptions Signal Name Direction Reference Description Ground AI_GND N/A N/A Analog input (AI) ground. All three ground references (AI_GND, AO_GND, and D_GND) are connected together on board. For 16 Channels: AI<101..116> Input AI_GND U2351A/U2352A/U2353A/U2354A Analog input channels 101~116. Each channel pair, AI(i = 101..108), can be configured either as two single-ended inputs or one differential input (marked as AIH<101..108> and AIL<101..108>).
Appendix C Appendix error codes While error codes reported by the software are rather cryptic, careful reading of their descriptions may help you debug your program. Here we have listed the appropriate error codes and their descriptions. • Errors are retrieved in first- in- first- out (FIFO) order. • Errors are cleared as you read them. • If to many errors occurred, the last error stored in the queue (the most recent error) is replaced with –350,"Error queue overflow".
• –123, "Exponent too large", • –124, "Too many digits", • –128, "Numeric data not allowed", • –130, "Suffix error", • –131, "Invalid suffix", • –134, "Suffix too long", • –138, "Suffix not allowed", • –140, "Character data error", • –141, "Invalid character data", • –144, "Character data too long", • –148, "Character data not allowed", • –150, "String data error", • –151, "Invalid string data", • –158, "String data not allowed", • –160, "Block data error", • –161, "Invalid block data", • –168, "Block data
• –221, "Settings conflict; unsupported trigger mode", • –221, "Settings conflict; unsupported trigger mode because of analog trigger source", • –222: Data out of range; external clock is set above instrument's capability • –223, "Too much data", • –224, "Illegal parameter value", • –300, "Device specific error", • –310, "System error", • –311, "Memory error", • –313, "Calibration memory lost", • –314, "Save/recall memory lost", • –315, "Configuration memory lost", • –321, "Out of memory", • –330, "Self–tes
• 301, "Module currently committed to scan", • 303, "Module is not able to perform requested operation", • 304, "Does not exist", • 305, "Not able to perform requested operation", • 305, "Not able to perform requested operation; cannot generate user–defined and pre–defined waveforms at once", • 305, "Not able to perform requested operation; output is running", • 305, "Not able to perform requested operation; output has stopped", • 305, "Not able to perform requested operation; function must be enabled first
• 747, "Calibration failed", • 748, "Cal checksum failed, internal data", • 748, "Cal: invalid while cal in progress", • 748, "Firmware and FPGA revision mismatch" Instrumentation Laboratory Exercise 68
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