Agilent Technologies 89441A Getting Started Guide Agilent Technologies Part Number 89441-90076 For instruments with firmware version A.08.00 Printed in U.S.A. Print Date: June 2000 © Agilent Technologies 1994, 1995, 2000. All rights reserved. 8600 Soper Hill Road Everett, Washington 98205-1298 U.S.A. This software and documentation is based in part on the Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution under license from The Regents of the University of California.
The Analyzer at a Glance 1 2 11 10 13 12 17 15 16 14 3 18 4 5 6 3 ii 8 7 9
Front Panel 1-A softkey’s function changes as different menus are displayed. Its current function is determined by the video label to its left, on the analyzer’s screen. 2-The analyzer’s screen is divided into two main areas. The menu area, a narrow column at the screen’s right edge, displays softkey labels. The data area, the remaining portion of the screen, displays traces and other data. 3-The POWER switch turns the analyzer on and off. 4-Use a 3.
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Saftey Summary The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Agilent Technologies, Inc. assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements. GENERAL This product is a Safety Class 1 instrument (provided with a protective earth terminal).
FUSES Only fuses with the required rated current, voltage, and specified type (normal blow, time delay, etc.) should be used. Do not use repaired fuses or short-circuited fuse holders. To do so could cause a shock or fire hazard. DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes. DO NOT REMOVE THE INSTRUMENT COVER Operating personnel must not remove instrument covers.
Safety Symbols Warning, risk of electric shock Caution, refer to accompanying documents Alternating current Both direct and alternating current Earth (ground) terminal Protective earth (ground) terminal Frame or chassis terminal Terminal is at earth potential. Standby (supply).
Notation Conventions Before you use this book, it is important to understand the types of keys on the front panel of the analyzer and how they are denoted in this book. Hardkeys Hardkeys are front-panel buttons whose functions are always the same. Hardkeys have a label printed directly on the key. In this book, they are printed like this: [Hardkey]. Softkeys Softkeys are keys whose functions change with the analyzer’s current menu selection.
In This Book This book, “Agilent Technologies 89441A Getting Started Guide”, is designed to help you become comfortable with the Agilent 89441A Vector Signal Analyzers. It provides step-by step examples of how to use this analyzer to perform tasks which you have probably performed with other analyzers. By performing these tasks you will become familiar with many of the basic features—and how those features fit together to perform actual measurements.
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Table of Contents 1 Using Online Help To learn about online help 1-2 To display help for hardkeys and softkeys 1-3 To display a related help topic 1-4 To select a topic from the help index 1-5 2 Making Simple Noise Measurements To measure random noise 2-2 To measure band power 2-3 To measure signal to noise ratios 2-4 To measure adjacent-channel power 2-6 3 Using Gating to Characterize a Burst Signal To Use Time Gating 3-2 4 Measuring Relative Phase To measure the relative phase of an AM signal 4-2 To m
6 General Tasks To set up peripherals.
1 Using Online Help You can learn about your analyzer from online help which is built right into the instrument and is available to you any time you use the analyzer. This section shows you how to use online help to learn about specific keys or topics. You can use online help in conjunction with other documentation to learn about your analyzer in depth, or you can refresh your memory for keys you seldom use.
Using Online Help To learn about online help 1 Enter the online help system: Press [Help]. 2 Display online help for the [Help] hardkey: Press [5] on the numeric keypad. 3 Use the knob or the up-arrow or down-arrow keys to move through the pages. 4 Quit online help: Press [Help]. or Press [0] on the keypad. Take a few moments to read the help overview.
Using Online Help To display help for hardkeys and softkeys This example displays topics related to triggering. 1 Enter the online help system: Press [Help]. 2 Display help for a hardkey: Press [Trigger]. 3 Use the knob or the up and down arrow keys to page through the topic. 4 Select a softkey topic: Press [trigger type], [IF channel 1]. 5 Quit online help: Press [Help] or Press [0] on the keypad. Pressing [Preset] always returns the analyzer to its preset state.
Using Online Help To display a related help topic This example displays topics related to saving and recalling. 1 Enter the online help system: Press [Help]. 2 Display help for a hardkey: Press [Save/Recall]. 3 Scroll with the knob to highlight the Math topic. 4 Select that topic: Press [4]. 5 Return to previous topics: Press [7]. 6 Quit online help: Press [Help]. On a given screen full of online help text, there may be several special words (or phrases) that are linked to related topics.
Using Online Help To select a topic from the help index 1 Enter the online help system: Press [Help]. 2 Display the index: Press [1]. 3 Turn the knob to select the topic you want help on or for faster paging press and hold the up-arrow or down-arrow keys then use the knob to select a topic. 4 Display the topic: Press [4]. 5 Quit online help: Press [Help]. or Press [0]. The help index contains an alphabetical listing of all help topics.
2 Making Simple Noise Measurements This chapter shows you how to make typical noise measurements. In this example, we will be making random noise, band power noise, and signal to noise measurements.
Making Simple Noise Measurements To measure random noise 1 Initialize the analyzer: 2 3 4 5 Press [Preset]. Select a power spectral density measurement: Press [Measurement Data], [PSD] (select ch1 with a 2-channel analyzer). Turn on averaging: Press [Average], [average on]. Start an averaged measurement: Press [Meas Restart]. Use the knob to move the marker along the trace. The display should be similar to the one shown below.
Making Simple Noise Measurements To measure band power 1 Initialize the analyzer: 2 3 4 5 Press [Preset]. Turn on averaging: Press [Average], [average on]. Start an averaged measurement: Press [Meas Restart]. Turn on the band power markers: Press [Marker Function], [band power markers], [band pwr mkr on], [band power] Press [ResBW/Window], [detector], [sample] Press [Marker Function], [band power markers].
Making Simple Noise Measurements To measure signal to noise ratios 1 Select the baseband receiver mode and initialize the analyzer: 2 3 4 5 6 Press [Instrument Mode] [receiver] [RF section (0-10 MHz)]. Press [Preset]. Supply a signal from the internal source: Connect the SOURCE output to the INPUT with a BNC cable.
Making Simple Noise Measurements 7 Change to a normalized noise measurement: Toggle to [power ratio C/No] The display should appear as below. The grid lines have been turned off to highlight the band power markers. The carrier-to-noise and carrier-to-normalized-noise marker measurements require that the standard (diamond shaped) marker be on the signal peak as a reference. If the marker is not on, the displayed value will only reflect the noise level.
3 Using Gating to Characterize a Burst Signal This chapter uses the time gating feature to analyze a multi-burst signal which is provided on the Signals Disk which accompanies the analyzer’s Operator’s Guide. Time gating allows you to isolate a portion of a time record for further viewing and analysis. For more details on time gating concepts see “Gating Concepts” in the Operator’s Guide.
Using Gating to Characterize a Burst Signal To Use Time Gating First we’ll look at the spectrum of the signal and see that three components exist. Then we’ll look at the time display of the burst signal and analyze each burst separately to determine which spectral components exist in each burst. 1 Select the baseband receiver mode and initialize the analyzer: Press [Instrument Mode] [receiver] [RF section (0-10 MHz)]. Press [Preset]. 2 Load the source signal file BURST.
Using Gating to Characterize a Burst Signal 5 Configure the display and the measurement: Press [Display], [2 grids], [more display setup], [grids off]. Press [B], [Measurement Data], [main time] (toggle to ch1 on a 2-channel analyzer). Press [Ref Lvl/Scale], [Y per div], 50, [mV]. Press [Trigger], [trigger type], [internal source]. Press [Time], [main length], 32, [us]. 6 Set up the time gating and examine the first burst: Press [Time], [gate on], [gate length], 10, [us].
4 Measuring Relative Phase This section shows you how to make typical relative phase measurements on modulated carrier signals. In this example, you measure the phase of sidebands on AM and PM signals relative to the carrier. The test signals are provided on the Signals Disk which accompanies the analyzer’s Operator’s Guide.
Measuring Relative Phase To measure the relative phase of an AM signal 1 Select the baseband receiver mode and initialize the analyzer: 2 3 4 5 Press [Instrument Mode] [receiver] [RF section (0-10 MHz)]. Press [Preset]. Load AM and PM signals from the Signals Disk into registers and play the AM signal through the source: Insert the Signals Disk in the internal disk drive. Use the BNC cable to connect the SOURCE output to the INPUT. Press [Save/Recall], [default disk], [internal disk].
Measuring Relative Phase 6 Activate two traces: Press [Shift], [A] (two Active Trace LEDs are now turned on) 7 Turn on marker coupling and zero the offset marker on the carrier: Press [Marker], [couple mkrs on], Press [Shift], [Marker] to place the marker on the carrier peak, Press [Shift], [Marker⇒] to zero the offset marker.
Measuring Relative Phase To measure the relative phase of an PM signal Continue from “To measure the relative phase of an AM signal.” 1 Replace the arbitrary source AM signal with the PM signal in register D2: Press [Source], [source type], [arb data reg], [D2]. 2 Start a single sweep: Press [Pause|Single].
5 Characterizing a Filter This section shows you how to make a typical network measurement. In this example, we will be characterizing a 4.5 MHz bandpass filter.
Characterizing a Filter To set up a frequency response measurement Note: This measurement can only be performed with a 2-channel analyzer—you must have option AY7. You must use the source output and the channel 1 and channel 2 inputs on the IF section for network measurements. 1 Using a BNC “T” adapter or power splitter and BNC cables, connect the analyzer’s SOURCE to the CHANNEL 1 input directly and to the CHANNEL 2 input through a filter as shown in the illustration below.
Characterizing a Filter 4 Configure the source and measurement for a frequency response measurement: Press [Source], [source on], Press [source type], [periodic chirp], Press [Return], (bottom softkey) Press [level], .5, [ Vrms]. Press [Res Bw/Window], [rbw mode arb], Press [main window], [uniform]. Press [Range], [channel both], [ch* single range up-down]. Press [Average], [average on] Press [num averages], 50, [enter], Press [average type], [rms (video)]. Press [Auto Scale].
Characterizing a Filter To use the absolute marker Continue from “To set up a frequency response measurement.” 1 Move the marker to the largest part of the frequency response trace: Press [Marker⇒], [marker to peak]. or Press [Shift], [Marker] 2 Move the marker with the knob to view the absolute gain/loss of this particular filter network at different frequencies. Note that there are two ways to perform some functions.
Characterizing a Filter To use the relative marker Continue from “To set up a frequency response measurement” or from “Using the absolute marker.” 1 Move the marker to the largest part of the frequency response trace if it is not already there: Press [Shift], [Marker]. 2 Establish the reference point for the relative (offset) marker: Press [Marker], [zero offset] or Press [Shift], [Marker⇒] 3 Move the marker with the knob to view the relative gain/loss of this particular filter at different frequencies.
Characterizing a Filter To use the search marker Complete “To set up a frequency response measurement” or continue from one of the previous marker measurements. 1 Move the marker to the largest part of the frequency response trace if it is not already there: Press [Shift], [Marker]. 2 Activate and zero the offset marker if it is not already activated: Press [Shift], [Marker⇒].
Characterizing a Filter To display phase Complete “To set up a frequency response measurement” or continue from one of the previous marker measurements. 1 Display a second trace: 2 3 4 5 Press [Display], [2 grids]. Activate the second trace and define it as a frequency response measurement: Press [B], [Measurement Data], [frequency response]. Specify phase data for the second trace: Press [Data Format], [phase wrap]. Couple the markers on traces A and B: Press [Marker], [couple mkrs on].
Characterizing a Filter To display coherence Complete “To set up a frequency response measurement” or continue from one of the previous measurements. 1 Display a second trace: Press [Display], [2 grids]. 2 Activate the second trace and select a coherence measurement: Press [B], [Data Format], [magnitude linear], [Measurement Data], [more choices], [coherence].
6 General Tasks This chapter shows you how to perform various common tasks. These include setting up and using peripherals and defining and using math functions.
General Tasks To set up peripherals. You may connect peripherals to three ports—one GPIB port, one serial port, and one parallel port. GPIB peripherals may include printers, plotters, and external disk drives. Supported serial devices are plotters and printers. Certain printers are parallel devices. 1 Connect the ports of your peripheral and analyzer with the correct cables. See “Preparing the Analyzer for Use” for information on physical connections. 2 Turn on the peripherals.
General Tasks To print or plot screen contents 1 Set up your printer or plotter if you haven’t already done so. 2 Select the output format and device type: Press [Plot/Print], [output fmt] and select the desired format. Press [device defaults] and select a device if you want other than the default. 3 Select the type of output port: Press [Plot/Print], [output to] and select the port to which your printer or plotter is attached. 4 Press [Local/Setup], [system controller].
General Tasks To save data with an internal or RAM disk You may save trace data, instrument states, trace math functions, instrument BASIC programs, and time-capture buffers. 1 Select the default disk: Press [Save/Recall], [default disk] Press [nonvolatile RAM disk], [volatile RAM disk] or [internal disk] 2 Press [Return]. 3 Press the softkey that matches the type of data you want to save.
General Tasks To recall data with an internal or RAM disk You may recall trace data, instrument states, trace math functions, instrument BASIC programs, and time-capture buffers. 1 Select the default disk: Press [Save/Recall], [default disk] Press [nonvolatile RAM disk], [volatile RAM disk] or [internal disk] 2 Press [Return]. 3 To easily recall a file you may press [catalog on] to display the names of files stored on the disk then use the knob to scroll to the desired file.
General Tasks To format a disk 1 Select the disk drive you want to format: Press [Disk Utility], [default disk]. Press the softkey corresponding to the disk drive you want to format. 2 Press [Return], [format disk]. Select appropriate parameters for your disk drive (disk type, interleave etc.). 3 Press [perform format], [proceed]. You may format 3.5-inch disks in the internal disk drive. They must be double-sided, high-density flexible disks that are not write-protected.
General Tasks To create a math function In this section you learn how to create a math function which inverts a signal. 1 Initialize the analyzer: Press [Preset] 2 Define a constant: Press [Math], [define constant], [define K1] Press [real part], 1, [enter], [imag part], 0, [enter]. 3 Define a math function: Press [Math], [define F1] Press [constant], [K1], [/], [meas data], [spectrum], [enter]. A math function remains in memory through a Preset but will be erased when you power down the analyzer.
General Tasks To use a math function In this section you learn how to apply a a math function to a signal. This task assumes that you have completed “To create a math function.” 1 Initialize the analyzer: Press [Preset] 2 Provide an averaged signal from the internal source: Press [Source], [source on], [Average], [average on]. 3 Apply the inversion math function you created to this signal: Press [Measurement Data], [math func], [F1]. 4 Press [Auto Scale].
General Tasks To display a summary of instrument parameters 1 Press [View State]. 2 Press [measurement state] or [input/source state]. These summaries reflect the current states of important measurement, input, and source parameters. You may use these summaries to: l quickly check the current setup l document the setup (The list can be printed or plotted.) You will note that the contents of the measurement state differ depending on the instrument mode.
7 Preparing the Analyzer for Use 7-1
Preparing the Analyzer for Use This chapter contains instructions for inspecting and installing the analyzer. This chapter also includes instructions for cleaning the screen, transporting and storing the analyzer. Power Requirements The analyzer can operate from a single-phase ac power source supplying voltages as shown in the table. With all options installed, the total power consumption of both sections is less than 1025 VA.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use Power Cable and Grounding Requirements On the GPIB connector, pin 12 and pins 18 through 24 are tied to chassis ground and the GPIB cable shield. The instrument frame, chassis, covers, and all exposed metal surfaces including the connectors’ outer shell are connected to chassis ground. However, if channel 2 in the IF section is not installed, the channel 2 BNC connector’s outer shell is not connected to chassis ground.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use *The number shown for the plug is the industry identifier for the plug only, the number shown for the cable is an Agilent part number for a complete cable including the plug. **UL listed for use in the United States of America. Warning The power cable plug must be inserted into an outlet provided with a protective earth terminal. Defeating the protection of the grounded analyzer cabinet can subject the operator to lethal voltages.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use To do the incoming inspection The analyzer was carefully inspected both mechanically and electrically before shipment. It should be free of marks or scratches, and it should meet its published specifications upon receipt. 1 Inspect the analyzer for physical damage incurred in transit. If the analyzer was damaged in transit, do the following: l Save all packing materials. l File a claim with the carrier. l Call your Agilent Technologies sales and service office.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use 6 Set the RF section’s rear panel and front panel power switches to on. Press the ‘’l‘’ symbol end of the rocker-switches located on the lower right of the rear panel and on the lower left of the front panel. The RF section provides standby power for the high precision frequency reference. The rear-panel line switch interrupts all power including standby power when you press the ‘’O‘’ symbol end of the switch.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use To connect the sections Do NOT use the IF section’s EXT REF OUT connector or optional OVEN REF OUT connector as an external reference output. 1 Attach the IF section to the RF section. If the hardware is not installed, follow the instructions supplied with the Rear Panel Lock Foot Kit. If the hardware is already installed, slide the IF section on top of the RF section making sure the front lock-links engage the IF section’s frame. Screw the rear lock feet together.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use 5 Connect the IF section’s SOURCE connector to the RF section’s IN connector using the supplied 8.5-inch BNC-to-BNC cable. 6 Connect the IF section’s CHANNEL 1 connector to the RF section’s OUT connector using the supplied 8.5-inch BNC-to-BNC cable.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use To install the analyzer l Warning The analyzer is shipped with plastic feet in place, ready for use as a portable bench analyzer. The plastic feet are shaped to make full-width modular instruments self-align when they are stacked. Install the analyzer to allow free circulation of cooling air. Cooling air enters the analyzer through the rear panel and exhausts through both sides.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use To change the IF section’s line-voltage switch The line-voltage selector switch is set at the factory to match the most commonly used line voltage in the country of destination. 1 Unplug the power cord from the IF section (the section with ‘’Agilent 89431A’’ silk screened on the lower right rear panel). 2 Slide the line voltage selector switch to the proper setting for the local line voltage. 3 Check to see that the proper fuse is installed.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use To change the RF section’s line-voltage switch The line-voltage selector switch is set at the factory to match the most commonly used line voltage in the country of destination. 1 Unplug the power cord from the RF section (the section with “Agilent 89431A” silk screened on its lower left rear panel). 2 Using a small screw driver, pry open the power selector cover. 3 Remove the cylindrical line voltage selector.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use To change the IF section’s fuse The fuse is installed at the factory to match the most commonly used line voltage in the country of destination. 1 Unplug the power cord from the IF section (the section with ‘’Agilent 89410A’’ silk screened on its lower right rear panel). 2 Using a small screw driver, press in and turn the fuse holder cap counter-clockwise. Remove when the fuse cap is free from the housing. 3 Pull the fuse from the fuse holder cap.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use To change the RF section’s fuse The fuse is installed at the factory to match the most commonly used line voltage in the country of destination. 1 Unplug the power cord from the RF section (the section with “Agilent 89431A” silk screened on its lower left rear panel). 2 Using a small screw driver, pry open the power selector cover. 3 Pull the white fuse holder out of the power selector and remove the fuse from the fuse holder.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use To connect the analyzer to a LAN Analyzers with option UFG, 4 megabyte extended RAM and additional I/O, have a ThinLAN and AUI (attachment unit interface) port for connecting the analyzer to the LAN (local area network). 1 Set the power switch to off ( O ). 2 Connect the ThinLAN BNC cable to the ThinLAN port or the appropriate media access unit (MAU) to the AUI port. 3 Set the power switch to on ( l ).
Preparing the Analyzer for Use To connect the analyzer to a serial device The IF section’s Serial 1 port is a 9-pin, EIA-574 port that can interface with a printer or plotter. The total allowable transmission path length is 15 meters. l Connect the IF section’s SERIAL 1 port to a printer or plotter using a 9-pin female to 25-pin RS-232-C cable.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use To connect the analyzer to an GPIB device The analyzer is compatible with the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB). Total allowable transmission path length is 2 meters times the number of devices or 20 meters, whichever is less. Operating distances can be extended using an GPIB Extender. Analyzers with option UFG, 4 megabytes extended RAM and additional I/O, have an additional GPIB connector.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use To connect the optional keyboard The analyzer may be connected to an optional external keyboard. The keyboard remains active even when the analyzer is not in alpha entry mode. This means that you can operate the analyzer using the external keyboard rather than the front panel. Pressing the appropriate keyboard key does the same thing as pressing a hardkey or a softkey on the analyzer’s front panel. 1 Set the IF section’s power switch to on ( l ).
Preparing the Analyzer for Use 4 To configure your analyzer for a keyboard other than U.S. English, press [System Utility] [keyboard type]. Then press the appropriate softkey to select the language. Configuring your analyzer to use a keyboard other than U.S. English only ensures that the analyzer recognizes the proper keys for that particular keyboard. Configuring your analyzer to use another keyboard does not localize the on-screen annotation or the analyzer’s online HELP facility.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use To clean the screen The analyzer screen is covered with a plastic diffuser screen (this is not removable by the operator). Under normal operating conditions, the only cleaning required will be an occasional dusting. However, if a foreign material adheres itself to the screen, do the following: 1 Set the IF section’s power switch to off ( O ). 2 Remove the power cord. 3 Dampen a soft, lint-free cloth with a mild detergent mixed in water. 4 Carefully wipe the screen.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use To transport the analyzer l Disconnect the IF section from the RF section and package each section using l the original factory packaging or packaging identical to the factory packaging. Containers and materials identical to those used in factory packaging are available through Hewlett-Packard offices.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use If the IF section will not power up q Check that the power cord is connected to the IF section and to a live power source. q Check that the front-panel switch is on ( l ). q Check that the voltage selector switch is set properly. See ‘’To change the IF section’s line-voltage switch’’ on page 7-10. q Check that the fuse is good. See ‘’To change the IF section’s fuse’’ on page 7-12. q Check that the IF section’s air circulation is not blocked.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use If the RF section will not power up q Check that the power cord is connected to the RF section and to a live power source. q Check that the RF section’s rear panel and front panel power switches are on ( l ). q Check that the voltage selector switch is set properly. See ‘’To change the RF section’s line-voltage switch’’ on page 7-11. q Check that the fuse is good. See ‘’To change the RF section’s fuse’’ on page 7-13.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use If the analyzer’s stop frequency is 10 MHz q Check that the RF section’s fan is running. If the fan is not running, see ‘’If the RF section will not power up.’’ q Check that the Serial 2 port on the IF section and on the RF section are connected together. q Press [Instrument Mode] and check that the receiver softkey displays ‘’RF section (2-2650 MHz)’’. If the receiver softkey does not display ‘’RF section (2-2650 MHz)’’ press [receiver] [ RF section (2-2650 MHz) ].
Index Index ! 16QAM demodulation, example OP 8-1 2-channels digital demod OP 6-12 video demod OP 7-15 32QAM signal, example OP 9-2 A A,B,C,D LEDs HT ac line voltage GS 7-2 adjacent-channel power GS 2-6 air circulation GS 7-9 aliasing digital demod OP 17-11 video demod OP 18-11 alpha entry, using HT alpha, setting HT AM demodulation algorithm OP 15-9 example OP 1-2 using HT amplitude droop (in symbol table) HT analyzers types of OP 13-4 applications softkey HT arbitrary softkey HT arbitrary source, exampl
Index bandwidth See information bandwidth See noise equivalent bandwidth See resolution bandwidth See window bandwidth bandwidth coupling OP 14-4 baseband measurements OP 14-3, HT baseband signals digital demod OP 6-12 video demod OP 7-15 BASIC HT about IBASIC HT available utilities HT creating a program with keystrokes HT debugging a program HT deleting a function HT deleting a program HT deleting a subprogram HT deleting multiple functions HT deleting multiple subprograms HT displaying a program HT displa
Index ch1 + j*ch2 receiver HT changing numeric parameters HT channel 1 See input channels channel 1 and 2 connectors HT channel 2 See input channels circulation, air GS 7-9 cleaning the screen GS 7-19 clear source trip softkey HT coherence GS 5-8, HT color index softkey HT color, adjusting HT connecting frequency reference GS 7-7 IF section to RF section GS 7-7 minimum loss pad GS 7-18 connector AUI GS 7-14 external monitor GS 7-16 external reference GS 7-7 grounding requirements GS 7-3 GPIB GS 7-16 input G
Index demodulation, digital (continued) constellation points, viewing OP 8-5 DQPSK HT error-vector magnitude (in symbol table) HT error-vector magnitude trace HT example OP 8-1 eye diagram HT filtering OP 17-16, HT filters, user defined OP 9-6 formatting displays OP 17-7 I/Q measured, displaying HT I/Q origin offset (in symbol table) HT I/Q reference, displaying HT ideal states HT magnitude error HT magnitude error, FSK HT magnitude-error trace HT maximum time points, setting HT memory allocation HT MSK (mi
Index detection OP 14-12, HT about detection HT normal detector HT positive peak detector HT sample detector HT deviation (FSK) HT diagnostics softkey HT digital demodulation See demodulation, digital disk drive setting up GS 6-2 disk drives HT about disk drives HT comparison HT copying files HT deleting files HT displaying contents of HT external disk drive HT formatting HT GPIB address: external disk drive HT internal disk drive HT non-volatile RAM disk HT packing a disk HT renaming files HT selecting a d
Index filters (continued) user defined OP 17-18 video OP 14-3 firmware version, displaying HT FM demodulation algorithm OP 15-12 example OP 1-6, OP 3-4 FM demodulation, using HT fonts HT formatting a disk GS 6-6 fourier transform OP 13-7 French softkey HT freq counter softkey HT frequency HT about frequency parameters HT center frequency HT frequency counter HT frequency span HT manual frequency, setting HT reference GS 7-7 signal tracking HT span, extending to 8 mhz HT start frequency HT step size HT stop
Index GPIB address: external disk drive HT GPIB address: external receiver HT GPIB address: plotter HT GPIB address: printer HT GPIB connector GS 7-16 GPIB controllers HT keys that have GPIB commands HT LAN use OP 10-6 system controller HT H half LED HT description of HT using to set the range HT hardkeys, defined HT Help hardkey HT help, online GS 1-1 hold scale softkey HT horizontal axis See X-axis HP-GL (Hewlett-Packard graphics language) HT I I-BASIC, instrument BASIC See BASIC I/Q information See dem
Index ports, selecting HT subnet mask, setting HT Telnet, about HT X-Windows with OP 10-7 X11 display, configuring HT X11 display, control HT X11 display, update rate HT X11 IP address, setting HT leakage OP 14-6 learning products (manuals) HT LEDs: front panel HT level softkey HT line voltage required GS 7-2 RF selector switch GS 7-11 linear averaging See time averaging lines See frequency points lines, defined HT listen LED HT LO feedthrough See zero response loading files See recalling Local Area Network
Index measured filter, selecting HT measured signal video demod OP 18-10 measured signal, digital demod OP 17-9 measurement calculations, disabling HT measurement data, about HT MEASUREMENT Group hardkeys HT measurement points, defined HT measurement resolution OP 14-11 measurement speed, enhancing HT measurement state GS 6-9, HT recalling HT saving HT measurement time OP 14-2, OP 14-10, OP 14-17 measurements HT continuing HT displaying meas-state table HT pausing HT single-stepping HT starting HT memory ab
Index relative, example GS 4-1 wrap GS 5-7 phase error See demodulation, digital phase noise, analysis example OP 2-1 phase, displaying HT PHS (PHP) HT plotter setting up GS 6-2 plotter interface GS 7-15 plotting GS 6-3, HT aborting HT about plotting HT changing plotter pen assignments HT data and file formats HT date and time HT default pen assignments HT output to file HT plot speed HT selecting an output device HT selecting display items HT setting P1/P2 HT setting the GPIB address HT specifying line typ
Index range hardkey HT RBW See resolution bandwidth real-time bandwidth HT rear panel tour HT recalling HT about recalling HT autostate file HT BASIC programs HT capture-buffer contents HT math functions HT measurement state HT recalling data GS 6-5 spectrogram displays OP 5-16 trace GS 3-2, HT waterfall displays OP 5-16 receiver HT about receivers HT GPIB address: external receiver HT using an external receiver HT receiver softkey HT REF, definition of HT reference filter, selecting HT reference level See
Index block diagram HT block diagrams OP 12-3 limitations OP 14-11 overview OP 12-2 scale at markers softkey HT scaling HT auto scaling HT x-axis HT x-axis scaling: linear vs.
Index pausing HT printing/plotting, formats HT printing/plotting, overview HT real-time indicator HT recalling HT saving HT threshold, setting HT trace buffers, removing HT trace, selecting HT turning on HT using in math functions HT spectrum analyzers comparisons OP 13-9 types of OP 13-4 spectrum measurements HT speed, enhancing HT square-root raised cosine filters OP 17-17 SRQ LED HT standard setups digital demodulation, example OP 6-4 start frequency HT setting start frequency HT setting with the marker
Index time data OP 14-15 time data softkey HT time domain overview OP 13-2 time gating HT about time gating HT displaying gate time-record HT gate delay HT gate length HT selecting a window HT turning on/off HT See also gating time points, digital & video demodulation HT time record OP 13-7, OP 14-16, HT about the time record HT applying a window HT coupling to span HT displaying gate time-record HT displaying main time-record HT effects of averaging HT effects of demodulation HT effects of span HT FILLING
Index digital demod OP 6-12 video demod OP 7-15 U U.K. English softkey HT U.S.
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