Agilent N9340B Handheld Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide !"
Notices © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2008-2009 No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws. Warranty Second edition, July 2009 Printed in China Agilent Technologies, Inc. No.
Contents 1 Overview Introduction 2 Front Panel Overview 5 Display Annotations Top Panel Overview Instrument Markings 2 6 7 8 Getting Started Checking Shipment and Order List Power Requirements AC Power Cords 10 11 12 Safety Considerations 13 Working with Batteries 16 Powering on the Analyzer for the First Time 18 Preparation for Use 19 Making a Basic Measurement 20 3 System and File System Setting 24 Power On and Preset Settings 24 Factory Default Settings 25 Visual and Audio Adjustmen
Low Frequency Channel File 31 32 4 Making Measurements Measuring Multiple Signals 38 Measuring a Low-Level Signal 43 Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy Making Distortion Measurements 48 49 Making a Stimulus Response Transmission Measurement Measuring Stop Band Attenuation of a Low-pass Filter Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement 55 57 59 Measuring Return Loss Using the Reflection Calibration Routine Making an Average Power Measurement 63 Spectrogram 68 Demodulating an FM Sign
LIMIT 137 6 Overview Error Messages 140 Error Message List 7 141 Troubleshooting Check the basics 146 Warranty and Service Options Contact Agilent Technologies 8 Menu Map 147 148
Documentation Conventions: 1. A pair of curly brackets { } indicates a softkey, for example {Start} refers to the Start softkey. 2. A pair of square brackets [ ] indicates a hardkey, for example, [ENTER] refers to the ENTER hardkey. 3. “Analyzer” refers to Agilent N9340B handheld spectrum analyzer in the following chapters. 4. “DUT” refers to a device under test.
Agilent N9340B Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 1 Overview !" 1
1 Overview Introduction The Agilent N9340B is a handheld spectrum analyzer with a frequency range of 100 kHz to 3 GHz, tunable to 9 kHz. It has several different measurement modes. Each mode offers a set of automatic measurements that pre- configure the analyzer settings for ease of use. It provides ultimate measurement flexibility in a package that is ruggedized for field environments and convenient for mobile applications.
Overview 1 • IBOC Measurement (Option IBC) Provides the in- band- on- channel measurement capability through a dedicated measurement personality and selected hardware improvement. • xDSL Measurement (Option XDM) supports measurements on ADSL, ADSL2+ and VDSL networks. • Demodulation analysis function provides AM/FM and ASK/FSK demodulation analysis function. (AM/FM: Option- AMA ASK/FSK: Option- DMA) • Tracking generator (Option TG3) provides an RF source for scalar network analysis.
1 Overview Optimized Usability The Agilent N9340B handheld spectrum analyzer provides enhanced usability: • The 6.5-inch TFT colorful LCD screen ( 640 × 480 pixels) enables you to read the scans easily and clearly outdoors. • Arc-shaped handle and rugged rubber casing ensure a comfortable and firm hold and ruggedness. • SCPI remote control via USB and LAN port. • The PC software in the N9340B Helpkit CD is convenient for your further editing and data analysis.
Overview 1 Front Panel Overview 11 12 13 10 9 N9340B 100 kHz - 3.
1 Overview Display Annotations 13 14 1 12 2 15:44:03 03,10,08 3 4 11 5 6 6 7 8 10 9 Description Associated Function Key 1 Time and Date [SYS] > {Setting} > {General} 2 Reference Level [AMPTD] 3 Amplitude Scale [AMPTD] 4 Detector Mode [TRACE] > {More} > {Detector} 5 Center Frequency [FREQ] > {Center Freq} 6 Resolution Bandwidth [BW/SWP] > {RBW} 7 Display Status Line Displays status and error messages.
Overview 1 Top Panel Overview 9 10 8 50 VDC M AX 33 dBm (2 W) M AX EXT TRIG IN/ EXT REF IN RF INPUT 50 RF OUT 50 Ext. Pow er Charging PC 12-18 VDC 55W MAX 1 2 3 4 5 Caption 1 External DC power connector 6 7 Function Provides input for the DC power source via an AC-DC adapter, or Automotive type DC adapter.
1 Overview Instrument Markings The CE mark shows that the product complies with all relevant European Legal Directives. The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association. N10149 ISM1-A ICES/NMB-001 The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Spectrum Management Agency. This symbol is an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product (CISPR 11, Clause 4) The ISM device complies with Canadian Interference- Causing Equipment Standard- 001.
Agilent N9340B Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 2 Getting Started Information on checking the analyzer when received, preparation for use, basic instrument use, familiarity with controls, defining preset conditions, updating firmware, and contacting Agilent Technologies.
2 Getting Started Checking Shipment and Order List Check the shipment and order list when you receive the shipment. • Inspect the shipping container for damages. Signs of damage may include a dented or torn shipping container or cushioning material that indicate signs of unusual stress or compacting. • Carefully remove the contents from the shipping container, and verify if the standard accessories and your ordered options are included in the shipment.
Getting Started 2 Power Requirements The AC power supplied must meet the following requirements: Voltage: 100 VAC to 240 VAC Frequency: 47 to 63 Hz Power: Maximum 63 W The AC/DC power supply charger adapter supplied with the analyzer is equipped with a three- wire power cord, in accordance with international safety standards. This power cord grounds the analyzer cabinet when it is connected to an appropriate power line outlet.
2 Getting Started AC Power Cords Plug Type Cable Part Number 8121-1703 Plug a Description BS 1363/A For use in Country & Region Option 900 United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia 250V 10A 8120-0696 AS 3112:2000 Option 901 Australia, New Zealand 250V 10A 8120-1692 IEC 83 C4 Option 902 Continental Europe, Korea, Indonesia, Italy, Russia 250V 16A 8120-1521 125V 10A 8120-2296 CNS 10917-2 Option 903 /NEMA 5-15P Unite States, Canada, Taiwan, Mexico SEV 1011 Option 906 Switzerland 250V 10A 812
Getting Started 2 Safety Considerations Agilent has designed and tested the N9340B handheld spectrum analyzer for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use in accordance with Safety Requirements IEC 61010- 1: 2001, UL 61010- 1 (2004), and CSA C22.2 No.61010- 1- 04. The tester is supplied in a safe condition. The N9340B is also designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 61010 and IEC 60664 respectively.
2 Getting Started WA RN ING CAU CAU TI O- N CAU CAU TI O- N CAU CAU TI O- N 14 Danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same type battery recommended. Do NOT dispose of batteries in a fire. Do NOT place batteries in the trash. Batteries must be recycled or disposed of properly. Recharge the battery only in the analyzer. If left unused, a fully charged battery will discharge itself over time.
Getting Started 2 Environmental Requirements The N9340B is designed for use under the following conditions: • Operating temperature: 0 oC to 40 oC (using AC- DC adapter) –10 oC to +50 oC (using battery) • Storage temperature: –40 oC to +70 oC • Battery temperature: 0 oC to 45 oC • Humidity: 85% + 5% Electrical Requirements The analyzer allows the use of either a lithium battery pack (internal), AC- DC adapter shipped with the analyzer, or optional automotive +12 VDC adapter for its power supply.
2 Getting Started Working with Batteries CAU CAU TI O- N Full charge the battery before first using the analyzer. Installing a Battery Step Notes 1 Open the battery cover Use a phillips type screwdriver, loosen the retaining screw, then pull the battery cover open. 2 Insert the battery Observe correct battery polarity orientation when installing. 3 Close the battery cover Push the cover closed, then re-fasten the cover with the retaining screw.
Getting Started 2 Charging a Battery You may charge the battery both in the tester and in the external battery charger (option BCG). CAU CAU TI O- N Connect the automotive adapter to the IT power outlet of your automobile (with option 1DC) for battery recharging. 1 Insert the battery in the analyzer. 2 Plug in the AC- DC adapter and switch on the external power. 3 The charge indicator lights, indicating that the battery is charging.
2 Getting Started Powering on the Analyzer for the First Time Insert the battery into the analyzer or connect the analyzer to an external line power supply via the AC- DC adapter, then press the power switch on the front panel of your N9340B to power on the analyzer. CAU CAU TI O- N Use only the original AC-DC adapter or originally supplied battery for the power source. The maximum RF input level of an average continuous power is 33 dBm (or +50 VDC signal input).
Getting Started 2 Preparation for Use Use [SYS] hardkey to check or set the system settings of your analyzer. Setting up your N9340B 1 Press [SYS] > {Setting} > {General} to set time and power saving mode: • Press {Time/Date} to set the time and date. 2 Press [SYS] > {Setting} > {Language} to select a language displayed on screen. There are 11 languages for your selection. 3 Press [SYS] > {Brightness} and then rotate the knob to adjust display brightness.
2 Getting Started Making a Basic Measurement This section provides information on basic analyzer operations. It assumes that you are familiar with the front and top panel buttons and keys, and display annotations of your analyzer. If you are not, please refer to “Front Panel Overview" on page 5, and “Top Panel Overview" on page 7, and “Instrument Markings" on page 8. For more details on making measurements, please refer to “Making Measurements" on page 37”.
Getting Started 2 Viewing a Signal on the Analyzer 1 Use a signal generator to generate a CW signal of 1.0 GHz, at a power level of 0.0 dBm. 2 Press [SYS] > {Setting} > {PwrOn/Preset} > {Preset Type} and select DFT to toggle the preset setting to factory- defined status. 3 Press the green [Preset] key to restore the analyzer to its factory- defined setting. 4 Connect the generator’s RF OUT connector to analyzer’s RF IN connector. 5 Press [FREQ] > 1 > {GHz} to set the analyzer center frequency to 1 GHz.
2 22 Getting Started N9340B User’s Guide
Agilent N9340B Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 3 System and File This chapter provides the information on basic system setting and file operation, Such as, display, option activation, calibration, firmware upgrade and test data saving/loading.
3 System and File System Setting This section provides you the basic system configuration which is frequently used before or after the measurement operation. Please refer to the description below to get a better user experience and ease your test and measurement. Power On and Preset Settings Selecting a preset type Press [SYS] > {Setting} > {PwrOn/Preset} > {Preset Type} to choose the preset types.
System and File 3 Factory Default Settings Parameter Center Frequency Start Frequency Stop Frequency Span Reference Level Attenuation Scale/DIV Scale Type RBW VBW Average Type Sweep time Sweep Mode Trace 1 Trace 2 Trace 3 Trace 4 Trace 1 Detection Trace 2 Detection Trace 3 Detection Trace 4 Detection Trace Average Marker File Type Save Path Mode External Input type N9340B User’s Guide Default Setting 1.5 GHz 0.0 Hz 3.0 GHz 3.0 GHz 0.
3 System and File Visual and Audio Adjustment Display Adjustment Press [SYS] > {Brightness} to toggles the screen brightness between Auto and Man. When it sets to Auto, the brightness will adjust according to the environment automatically with the built- in light sensor. When it sets to Man, you can set a fixed brightness value manually. Setting Button Backlight Press [SYS] > {KeyBackLight} > {BackLight} to toggles the button backlight Auto and Man.
System and File 3 • LCD The analyzer turns off the LCD display after a user- defined idle time. Press any key to re- activate the LCD display after the LCD display power- saving mode has been triggered. • All - Backlight & LCD The analyzer turns off the both the LCD display and the backlight after a user- defined idle time. Press any key to re- activate the backlight and LCD display after the backlight and LCD power- saving mode has been triggered.
3 System and File Upgrading Firmware Follow the steps below to update the N9340B firmware: 1 Download the latest N9340B firmware from http://www.agilent.com/find/n9340b_upgrades 2 Extract files to the root directory of a USB stick. You will see a folder named “N9340DATA” with file Bappupgrade.hy. 3 Insert the USB stick into the top panel USB connector. 4 Press [SYS] > {More} > {Upgrade} > {Firmware} to activate the updating procedure. Press Enter to upgrade the firmware.
System and File 3 External Reference (Ref) Use the external reference function as follows: 1 Input a 10 MHz signal to the EXT TRIG IN/REF IN connector. 2 Press [SYS] > {Setting} > {Input/Output Ref} to enable the external reference signal input. The analyzer then turns off its internal reference. External Trigger (Trig) When an external TTL signal is used for triggering function, the analyzer uses the inner reference as default.
3 System and File Show System Pressing [SYS] > {More} > {Show system} displays the following hardware, software and battery information of the analyzer: Machine Model Battery Info MCU Firmware Version Name DSP Firmware Version Serial NO.
System and File 3 When the calibration function is triggered, the current measurement is interrupted and a gauge displays on the LCD. The gauge simply indicates calibration action rather than calibration course, as the calibration time is unpredictable. When the calibration is finished, the LCD displays a calibration, and the interrupted measurement restarts. NO TE Time base calibration takes during a short time only when the inner temperature is stable.
3 System and File File Pressing [SYS] > {File} accesses to the menu that allows you to manage the file saving and loading. NO TE A USB memory stick of FAT32 or FAT16 format and with only one memory zone is primarily required when using USB memory stick for file saving and loading. Viewing file list Refer to the following two steps to view file list: 1 Select the directory to view. Press [SYS] > {File} > {View} to toggle the displayed file list from local memory or an external USB memory stick.
System and File 3 • CSV (*.CSV) A CSV file records the trace data and available for review on PC. • Setup (*.SET) A setup file records the system setting information, such as language, date/time, and power saving mode. This file type is not used for test parameter setup information. Save Path Press [SYS] > {File} > {File Setup} > {Save Path} to select a path from the local memory or external USB memory device.
3 System and File Saving Multiple Test Setups Test Setups that are unique and are necessary to recall frequently can be saved as an instrument state file. Other file types are described on “File Types" on page 32. Quick Saving a Trace or a Screen Press [0/Save] to quickly save a trace or a screen to either the local memory or an external USB device, depending upon the setup of the save path.
System and File 3 Quick loading a setup • Load default Press [SYS] > {More} > {More} > {LoadSYS Setup} > {Load default} to recall the factory default setup. • User Setup Press [SYS] > {More} > {More} > {LoadSYS Setup} > {User Setup} to recall a customized setup that has been saved previously. All the quick saving utility of system state is equal to the saving utility under the [SYS] > {File}. NO TE Deleting a file 1 Press [SYS] > {File} > {View} to select a directory.
3 36 System and File N9340B User’s Guide
Agilent N9340B Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 4 Making Measurements !" 37
4 Making Measurements Measuring Multiple Signals This section provides information on measuring multiple signals. Comparing Signals on the Same Screen The N9340B can easily compare frequency and amplitude signal differences. For example, measuring radio or television signal spectra. The Delta Marker function allows two signals to be compared when both appear on the screen at the same time.
Making Measurements 4 Search} softkey. In this example the next peak is 100 MHz, a harmonic of the 50 MHz signal: • Press [MARKER] > {Peak Search} > {Next Right PK} or {Next Left PK}. NO TE To increase the resolution of the marker readings, turn on the frequency count function. For more information, please refer to “Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy" on page 48.
4 Making Measurements Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude In this example a decrease in resolution bandwidth is used in combination with a decrease in video bandwidth to resolve two signals of equal amplitude with a frequency separation of 100 kHz. Notice that the final RBW selected is the same width as the signal separation while the VBW is slightly narrower than the RBW. 1 Connect two sources to the analyzer input as shown below.
Making Measurements 4 As you decrease the resolution bandwidth, you improve the resolution of the individual signals and it also increases the sweep timing. For fastest measurement times, use the widest possible resolution bandwidth. Under factory preset conditions, the resolution bandwidth is coupled to the span.
4 Making Measurements Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals This example uses narrow resolution bandwidths to resolve two input signals with a frequency separation of 50 kHz and an amplitude difference of 60 dB. 1 Connect two sources to the analyzer input connector as shown in Figure 4- 3 on page 40. 2 Set one source to 300 MHz at –10 dBm. Set the other source to 300.05 MHz at –70 dBm. 3 Set the analyzer as follows: • Press [PRESET] • Press [FREQ] > 300.
Making Measurements 4 Measuring a Low-Level Signal This section provides information on measuring low- level signals and distinguishing them from spectrum noise. There are four main useful techniques as follows to measure a low- level signal. Reducing Input Attenuation The ability to measure a low- level signal is limited by internally generated noise in the spectrum analyzer. The input attenuator affects the level of a signal passing through the analyzer.
4 Making Measurements 5 Reduce the span to 1 MHz and if necessary re- center the peak. • Press [SPAN] > 1 > {MHz} 6 Set the attenuation to 20 dB. Note that increasing the attenuation moves the noise floor closer to the signal level. • Press [AMPTD] > {Attenuation} > 20 > {dB} Figure 4-7 A signal closer to the noise level (Atten: 20 dB) 7 Press [AMPTD] >{Attenuation} > 0 > {dB} to set the attenuation to 0 dB.
Making Measurements 4 Decreasing the Resolution Bandwidth Resolution bandwidth settings affect the level of internal noise without affecting the amplitude level of continuous wave (CW) signals. Decreasing the RBW by a decade reduces the noise floor by 10 dB. 1 Refer to “Reducing Input Attenuation" on page 43, and follow steps 1, 2 and 3.
4 Making Measurements Using the Average Detector and Increased Sweep Time The analyzer’s noise floor response may mask low- level signals. Selecting the instruments averaging detector and increasing the sweep time will smooth the noise and improve the signal’s visibility. Slower sweep times are necessary to average noise variations. 1 Refer to “Reducing Input Attenuation" on page 43, and follow steps 1, 2 and 3. 2 Press [TRACE] > {More} > {Detector} > {Average} to select the average detector.
Making Measurements 4 Trace Averaging Averaging is a digital process in which each trace point is averaged with the previous sweeps data average for the same trace point. Selecting averaging, when the analyzer is auto coupled, changes the detection mode to sample, smoothing the displayed noise level. NO TE This is a trace processing function and is not the same as using the average detector (as described on page 46).
4 Making Measurements Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy Using the frequency counter to improve frequency resolution and accuracy. NO TE Marker count properly functions only on CW signals or discrete spectral components. The marker must be > 40 dB above the displayed noise level. 1 Press [PRESET] (Factory Preset) 2 Input a signal (1 GHz, –30 dBm) to the analyzer’s RF IN connector. 3 Set the center frequency to 1 GHz and the span to 5 MHz.
Making Measurements 4 Making Distortion Measurements This section provides information on measuring and identifying signal distortion. Identifying Analyzer Generated Distortion High level input signals may cause analyzer distortion products that could mask the real distortion present on the measured signal. Use trace and the RF attenuator to determine which signals, if any, may be internally generated distortion products.
4 Making Measurements 3 Change the center frequency to the value of the second (400 MHz) harmonic: • Press [MARKER] > {Peak Search} • Press [MARKER] > {Marker To} > {To Center} 4 Change the span to 50 MHz and re- center the signal: • Press [SPAN] > 50 > {MHz} • Press [MARKER] > {Peak Search} 5 Set the attenuation to 0 dB: • Press [AMPTD] > {Attenuation} > 0 > {dB} • Press [MARKER] > {Marker To} > {To Ref} 6 To determine whether the harmonic distortion products are generated by the analyzer, first save the
Making Measurements 4 Figure 4-14 Identifying Analyzer Distortion (O dB atten) 8 Press [AMPTD] > {Attenuation} > 10 > {dB} to increase the RF attenuation to 10 dB. Figure 4-15 Identifying Analyzer Distortion (10 dB atten) The marker readout comes from two sources: • Increased input attenuation causes poorer signal- to- noise ratio. This causes the marker delta value to be positive. • Reduced contribution of the analyzer circuits to the harmonic measurement causes the marker to be negative.
4 Making Measurements Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion Two- tone, third- order intermodulation (TOI) distortion is a common test in communication systems. When two signals are present in a non- linear system, they may interact and create third- order intermodulation distortion products that are located close to the original signals. System components such as amplifiers and mixers generate these distortion products. In this example we test a device for third- order intermodulation using markers.
Making Measurements 4 After the performance of the source/analyzer combination has been verified, the DUT (device under test, for example, an amplifier) would be inserted between the directional coupler output and the analyzer input. NO TE The coupler used should have a high isolation between the two input ports to limit the sources intermodulation. 2 Set one source (signal generator) to 300 MHz and the other source to 301 MHz. This will define the frequency separation at 1 MHz.
4 Making Measurements • Press [MARKER] > {Peak Search} > {Next Left (Right) PK} 8 Measure the other distortion product: • Press [MARKER] > {Normal} • Press [MARKER] > {Peak Search} > {Next Left (Right) Peak} 9 Measure the difference between this test signal and the second distortion product.
Making Measurements 4 Making a Stimulus Response Transmission Measurement The procedure below describes how to use a built- in tracking generator to measure the rejection of a low pass filter, a type of transmission measurement. 1 To measure the rejection of a low pass filter, connect the equipment as shown below. A 370 MHz low- pass filter is used as a DUT in this example. Figure 4-17 Transmission Measurement Test Setup DUT N9340A 100 kH z - 3.
4 Making Measurements 5 Press [BW/SWP] > {Sweep Time (Auto)} to put the sweep time into stimulus response auto coupled mode. 6 Increase measurement sensitivity and smooth the noise: Press [BW/SWP] > {RBW} > 30 > {kHz} Press [BW/SWP] > {VBW} > 30 > {kHz} A decrease in the displayed amplitude is caused by tracking error. 7 Connect the cable from the tracking generator output to the analyzer input.
Making Measurements 4 Measuring Stop Band Attenuation of a Low-pass Filter When measuring filter characteristics, it is useful to look at the stimulus response over a wide frequency range. Setting the analyzer x- axis (frequency) to display logarithmically provides this function. The following example uses the tracking generator to measure the stop band attenuation of a 370 MHz low pass filter. 1 Connect the DUT as shown in Figure 4- 17 on page 55. This example uses a 370 MHz low pass filter.
4 Making Measurements 8 Reconnect the DUT to the analyzer. Note that the units of the reference level have changed to dB, indicating that this is now a relative measurement.
Making Measurements 4 Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement The following procedure makes a reflection measurement using a coupler or directional bridge to measure the return loss of a filter. This example uses a 370 MHz low- pass filter as the DUT. The calibration standard for reflection measurements is usually a short circuit connected at the reference plane (the point at which the DUT is connected). A short circuit has a reflection coefficient of 1 (0 dB return loss).
4 Making Measurements 2 Connect the tracking generator output of the analyzer to the directional bridge or coupler. 3 Connect the analyzer input to the coupled port of the directional bridge or coupler. 4 Press [Preset] to perform a factory preset. 5 Turn on the tracking generator and if necessary, set the output power to –10 dBm: Press [MODE] > {Track Generator} > {Amplitude (On)} > –10 > {dBm} CAU CAU TI O- N Excessive signal input may damage the DUT.
Making Measurements 4 Figure 4-21 Short Circuit Normalized N9340B User’s Guide 61
4 Making Measurements Measuring Return Loss Using the Reflection Calibration Routine This procedure uses the reflection calibration routine in the previous procedure “Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement" on page 59, to calculate the return loss of the 370 MHz low- pass filter. 1 After calibrating the system with the above procedure, reconnect the filter in place of the short (cal device) without changing any analyzer settings. 2 Use the marker to read return loss.
Making Measurements 4 Making an Average Power Measurement Average power measurements provide a key metric in transmitter performance. Base station transmit power must be set accurately to achieve optimal coverage in wireless networks. If the transmit power is set too high due to inaccurate power measurements, undesired interference can occur. If the transmit power is set too low, coverage gaps or holes may occur.
4 Making Measurements external zeroing for input signals below -30 dBm for best accuracy. NO TE NO TE If you suspect other signals may be present, it is recommended that you turn off all the other channels and measure average power only on the signal of interest. Another option is to measure channel power (which is less accurate), that filters out all other channels (signals). You can measure channel power for CDMA using the CDMA Analyzer or CDMA Over Air tool.
Making Measurements 4 To Make a Basic Average Power Measurement You can follow the steps below to make a basic average power measurement. 1 Press [Preset] to perform a factory preset. 2 Press [MODE] > {Power Meter} > [ENTER] to turn on the power meter. 3 Zero and calibrate the meter. Press {Zeroing} to make a Zero operation of the power sensor followed by a calibration operation. 4 Connect the power sensor to the power Ref 50 MHz port. The analyzer supports the U2000 Series power sensors.
4 Making Measurements Setting Power Meter Resolution You can choose from four levels of Power Meter resolution. Higher resolutions provide more accuracy but slow the measurement speed. 1 Press [Preset] to perform a factory preset. 2 Press [MODE] > {Power Meter} > [ENTER] to turn on the power meter. 3 Press {Meas Disp} > {Resolution}. Select 1,2,3 or 4. The four options represent different resolution as follow: • [1] = 1 • [2] = 0.1 • [3] = 0.01 • [4] = 0.
Making Measurements 4 Setting the Power Meter’s Upper and Lower Limits The internal Power Meter can be configured to detect when a measurement has failed a user predefined upper and lower limits. 1 Press [Preset] to perform a factory preset. 2 Press [MODE] > {Power Meter} > [ENTER] to turn on the power meter. 3 Press {Meas Setup} > {Limits} to access the limits menu. 4 Press {Limits} to activate the limits function. Each time the softkey is pressed, the selected option changes.
4 Making Measurements Spectrogram The scrolling three- dimensional display is noted for its ability to track the frequency and power behavior over the time, particularly intermittent signals. The user can use spectrogram to analyze the stability of a signal over the time, or to identify intermittent interference signals in communications systems. The X- axis represents frequency, and amplitude is represented by color, red for a strong signal and blue for noise floor.
Making Measurements 4 Press [FREQ], {Center Freq}, [1.8052], {GHz}, [SPAN], [5], {MHz}. 3 Turn on the Spectrogram function. Press [MEAS], {More 1 of 2}, {Spectrogram}. 4 Set the update interval time between two frames. Press {Update Int. On}, rotating the knob or pressing numeric keypads to set the update interval time. 5 Turn on Marker 1 and Marker 2. Press [MARKER], {State On}, {Marker (2)}, {State On}. 6 Press {Frequency}, rotate knob to change the frequency of marker as you want.
4 Making Measurements offending event or interference. The spectrogram data may be played back for review on either the analyzer’s display or on a PC utilizing N9340B PC Software NO TE NO TE For the spectrogram, the marker operation is only within 200 frames displayed on screen. And on PC software, the marker operation is available in whole spectrogram file. The max update rate of spectrogram monitoring function in N9340B PC software is slower than N9340B.
Making Measurements 4 Demodulating an FM Signal This section demonstrates how to demodulate and listen to an FM signal using the built- in FM demodulator. Using the built in FM demodulator you can tune to an FM signal and view the results of the detector output as displayed in the time- domain. Alternatively, the demodulated signal is also available as an audio output (to the speaker or headphone jack). 1 Perform a factory preset: Press [Preset] (Factory Preset, if present).
4 Making Measurements 6 Set the resolution bandwidth to capture the full bandwidth of the FM signal. To calculate the required bandwidth use RBW =((2 x Frequency Deviation)+(2 x Modulation Rate)) In our case the RBW should be: (2 x 10 kHz) + (2 x 1 kHz) = 22 kHz With 1- 3- 10 sequence RBW selections, choose the next highest RBW of 30 kHz: Press [BW/SWP] > 30 > {kHz}. 7 Turn on the FM demodulator: Press [SPAN] > {Demod} > {FM ON}. Listen to the FM audio signal.
Making Measurements 4 Analysis the Demodulated Signals The N9340B provides the optional AM/FM (Option AMA) and ASK/FSK (Option- DMA) demodulation analysis function for analysis the demodulated signals. These functions can be activated by license key. AM/FM Demodulation Analysis Optional AM/FM demodulation analysis provides modulation metrics, including carrier power, modulation rate, AM depth/FM deviation, SINAD and carrier frequency offset.
4 Making Measurements 4 Set the attenuation state to Auto (default): Press {More 1 of 3} > {More 2 of 3} > {Attenuation Auto} > {More 3 of 3} 5 Press {Y Scale} > {Auto Scale} > {Return} to set the Y scale. 6 Set the AM depth limit and turn on the limit function: Press {More 1 of 3} > {Limits} > {AM Depth UP} > [51] > {%} > {AM Depth Low} > [49] > {%} > {Limits on} The red value in the result indicates the demodulated AM depth exceeds the limits set as above.
Making Measurements 4 3 Press {Carries Freq} > [100] > {MHz} to set the carrier frequency. 4 Set the attenuation state to Auto (default): Press {More 1 of 3} > {More 2 of 3} > {Attenuation Auto} > {More 3 of 3} 5 Press {Y Scale} > {Auto Scale} > {Return} to set the Y scale. 6 Set the FM deviation limit and turn on the limit function: Press {More 1 of 3} > {Limits} > {FreqDev UP} > [11] > {%} > {FreqDev Low} > [9.
4 Making Measurements ASK/FSK Demodulation Analysis The ASK/FSK demodulation analysis function supports four display modes: • Symbol • Waveform • ASK/FSK Error • Eye Diagram. User definable limits provide Pass/Fail indicators of four types: • Maximum carrier power • Maximum ASK modulation depth/FSK frequency deviation • Minimum ASK modulation depth/FSK frequency deviation • Maximum carrier frequency offset.
Making Measurements 4 3 Press {Carries Freq} > [100] > {MHz} to set the carrier frequency. 4 Press {Symbol Rate} > [10] > {MHz} to set the symbol rate. 5 Press {Filter Setup} > {Ref Filter} > {Nyquist} > {Return} to set the filter type. 6 Set the attenuation state to Auto (default): Press {More 1 of 3} > {More 2 of 3} > {Attenuation Auto} > {More 3 of 3} 7 Press {Y Scale} > {Auto Scale} > {Return} to set the Y scale.
4 Making Measurements FSK Demodulation Analysis Please refer to the procedures below to analysis the ASK demodulation. 1 Connect the signal generator to RF IN connector and turn on the signal generator’s FSK and RF output. 2 Turn on the ASK demodulation analysis function. Press [MODE], Rotating the knob to highlight Demodulation Analysis, [ENTER], {FSK}. 3 Press {Carries Freq} > [100] > {MHz} to set the carrier frequency. 4 Press {Symbol Rate} > [10] > {ksps} to set the symbol rate.
Making Measurements 4 Monitoring the ADSL Signal with Option XDM xDSL (ADSL and VDSL) is widely used for broadband internet connections at homes and businesses. Service providers occasionally face problems with interference on their xDSL lines. The interference is mainly intermittent intrusion from nearby external sources such as electric motors, elevators, and appliances.
4 Making Measurements Please refer to the procedures below for monitoring the ADSL network. 1 Press [SYS] > {Setting} > {PwrOn/Preset} > {Power On Last}, {Preset Last} 2 Press [SYS] > {More} > {More} > {LowFreqChannel On} to enable the low frequency channel. 3 Press [AMPTD] > {More} > {Grid Scale On} 4 Connect the N9340B and ADSL network with a probe. 5 Insert a USB stick into N9340B 6 Set the start frequency as 3 kHz and stop frequency as 2 MHz.
Agilent N9340B Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 5 Key Reference This Chapter provides descriptions of the Instrument hardkeys and softkey menu functionality, key access to softkey sub- menus, and instrument parameter control options. Additional reference information is provided in the Menu Maps section.
5 Key Reference Amplitude Key access: [AMPTD] Activates the reference level function and access the associated softkeys to set functions that affect the way data on the vertical axis is displayed or corrected. Ref level Key access: [AMPTD] > {Ref level} Activates the reference level function. The reference level is the amplitude power or voltage represented by the top graticule on the display.
Key Reference 5 Preamp Key access: [AMPTD] > {Preamp} Toggles the internal preamp between On and Off. Preamp results in a correction being applied to compensate for the gain of the preamp at 20 dBm so that amplitude readings show the actual value at the input connector. NO TE When the preamp is on, a PA indication appears on the left side of the display. The preamp is set to on in frequency bands from 1 MHz to 3 GHz, otherwise the correction is not applied even though the PA indication still appears.
5 Key Reference HiSensitivity Key access: [AMPTD] > {HiSensitivity} Press this softkey On to set 0 dB attenuation, - 50 dBm reference level and turn the pre- amplifier on. It’s very helpful to observe the low- level signals with this settings. Ref Offset Key access: [AMPTD] > {Ref Offset} Adds an offset value which ranges from - 327.6 dB to +327.6 dB, to the displayed reference level. NO TE Reference-level offsets are only entered by using the numeric keypad.
Key Reference 5 EMF Mode Key access: [AMPTD] > {More} EMF mode is available when the Y Axis Unit is dBmV, dBμV or V. This mode is used to measure the port voltage in open circuit. Grid Scale Key access: [AMPTD] > {More} Press this softkey to turn on the amplitude scale unit display on the left of the graticule. The unit determined by the {Y Axis Unit} softkey.
5 Key Reference BW/SWP Activates the bandwidth function and accesses the associated softkeys to control resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth and sweep time. RBW Key access: [BW/SWP] > {RBW} Changes the 3 dB resolution bandwidth on the analyzer from 30 Hz to 1 MHz in a 1, 3, 10 sequence using the knob, step keys or the numeric keypad. NO TE If an unavailable bandwidth is entered using the numeric keypad, the closest available bandwidth in the 1, 3, 10 sequence is used.
Key Reference 5 As the video bandwidth is decreased, the sweep time is increased to maintain amplitude calibration. NO TE If an unavailable bandwidth entered using the numeric keypad, the closest available bandwidth in the 1, 3, 10 sequence is used. VBW/RBW Key access: [BW/SWP] > {VBW/RBW} Selects the ratio between the video and resolution bandwidths. If signal responses near the noise level are visually masked by the noise, the ratio can be set to less than 1 to lower the noise.
5 Key Reference Pwr Key access: [BW/SWP] > {Avg Type} > {Power} Converts the scale from logarithmic to linear power units, and then averages the power trace data. With average type set to Pwr, “PAvg” appears on the left side of the display. Voltage Key access: [BW/SWP] > {Avg Type} > {Voltage} Averages the data as appropriate for the linearly scaled y- axis scale. With average type set to Voltage, “VAvg” appears on the left side of the display.
Key Reference 5 Sweep Time Key access: [BW/SWP] > {Sweep Time} Selects the sweep time for the analyzer to tune across the displayed frequency span (or, in zero span, the time the analyzer take to sweep the full screen).Inputs may be made using the knob, the arrow keys, or numeric keypad. NO TE Reducing the sweep time increases the sweep rate. In non-zero spans When the sweep time is auto- coupled, the analyzer selects the optimum (shortest) sweep time ranging from 10 ms to 1000 s.
5 Key Reference In FFT Mode In FFT mode, the sweep time default is auto- coupled. The submenu, sweep time is invalid in FFT mode. Sweep Key access: [BW/SWP] > {Sweep} Activates the sweep mode function and accesses associated softkeys to select the trace sweep functions. Sweep Type Key access: [BW/SWP] > {Sweep} Toggles the analyzer between the continuous sweep mode and the single sweep mode. • Sweep (Single) Puts the analyzer in a single sweep mode.
Key Reference 5 Fast sweep mode provides a fast measurement function that decreases the sweep time. Using Fast Sweep will decrease the measurement accuracy. NO TE Fast sweep is valid only when span is no less than 50 MHz. Measurement data is not ganruanteed in fast sweep mode. TD Mode Key access: [BW/SWP] > {Sweep} > {Sweep Mode} The TD mode is used to analyze TDD or TDM signal, for instance the GSM signal frame.
5 Key Reference Enter Hardkey function: • Terminates data entry and enters into the analyzer numerical values keyed from numeric keypad on the front panel. • Terminate filename entries. ESC/CLR This hardkey provides mainly two types of functions: Clear • Clears any numeric entry and cancels the active function. • Clears any title entry and cause the title to revert to the previous name. • Clears input or output overloads • Clears error messages from the status line along the bottom of the display.
Key Reference 5 Frequency Activates the center frequency function, and accesses the menu of frequency functions. The center frequency, or start and stop frequency values appear below the graticule on the display. NO TE When changing both the center frequency and the span, change the frequency first since the span can be limited by the frequency value.
5 Key Reference CF Step Key access: [FREQ] > {CF Step} Changes the step size for the center frequency function. Once a step size has been selected and the center frequency function is activated, the arrow keys change the center frequency by the step- size value. The step size function is useful for finding harmonics and sidebands beyond the current frequency span of the analyzer. When auto- coupled, the center size is set to one division (10 percent of the span).
Key Reference 5 Marker Accesses the marker control softkeys to select the type and number of markers. Markers are diamond- shaped characters that identify points of traces. Up to six pairs of markers may appear on the display simultaneously; only one pair can be controlled at a time. The marker that is controlled is called the “active” marker. Pressing [MARKER] activates the Normal menu key. Marker Key access: [MARKER] > {Marker} Selects one of the six possible markers.
5 Key Reference Delta Key access: [MARKER] > {Delta} Activates a second marker at the position of the first marker. (If no marker is present, two markers appear at the center of the display). The amplitude and frequency (or time) of the first marker is fixed. The marker number is indicated above the delta marker, and the same number is indicated with an R (for example, 1R) above the reference marker. Use the data controls to position the delta marker.
Key Reference 5 Peak Search Place a marker on the highest peak based on the setting of the Search Criteria as follows: • Peak Key access: [MARKER] > {Peak Search} Place a marker on the highest peak. • Next Left Peak Key access: [MARKER] > {Peak Search} > {Next Left PK} Moves the marker to the next peak to the left of the current marker. The signal peak must exceed the peak threshold value by the peak excursion value.
5 Key Reference Marker To Accesses the following marker function menu keys: • To Center Key access: [MARKER] > {To Center} Sets the center frequency of the analyzer to the marker frequency. In Delta mode, pressing [Marker] > {Marker To} > {To Center} sets the center frequency to the marker delta value. The function is not available in zero span. NO TE When the frequency scale is in log mode, the center frequency is not at the center of the display.
Key Reference NO TE NO TE 5 Frequency counter is properly effective only on CW signals or discrete peaks. For a valid reading, the marker must be greater than 25 dB above the noise. Freq Count function is not supported under Marker Delta condition. Noise mode operates only on noise peaks and not supported under Marker Delta condition. Marker Trace Key access: [MARKER] > {More} > {Marker Trace} Activates a marker on the trace if there are no markers turned on.
5 Key Reference MEAS Hardkey menu access. In spectrum analysis mode, pressing [MEAS] brings up the menu for a suite of power measurements such as adjacent channel power, occupied bandwidth, and channel power. OBW Occupied Bandwidth (OBW) integrates the power of the spectrum in the displayed green frame. The measurement defaults to 99% of the occupied bandwidth power. Occupied bandwidth measurement are made in either single or continuous sweep mode.
Key Reference 5 ACPR The adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) measures the power ratio between the main channel power and the adjacent channel power. ACPR measures the total power (RMS voltage) in the specified channel. The measurement result reports the ratios of the two adjacent channel powers to the main channel power. Center Frequency Key access: [MEAS] > {ACPR} > {Center Freq} Sets the center frequency of the main channel power.
5 Key Reference Channel Power Channel power function measures the power and power spectral density in the channel bandwidth specified. One pair of vertical lines of the displayed green frame indicates the edges of the channel bandwidth. The center frequency, reference level, and channel bandwidth must be set by the user. The power calculation method used to determine the channel power is a traditional method known as the integration bandwidth (IBW) method.
Key Reference 5 Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) Spectrum Emission Mask measurement includes the in- band and out- of- band spurious emissions. As it applies to W- CDMA (3GPP), this is the power contained in a specified frequency bandwidth at certain offsets relative to the total carrier power. It may also be expressed as a ratio of power spectral densities between the carrier and the specified offset frequency band.
5 Key Reference • Chan Span Key access: [MEAS] > {SEM} > {Ref Channel} Specifies the span used in measuring the power in the main channel. • Sweep Time Key access: [MEAS] > {SEM} > {Ref Channel} Specifies the sweep time used in measuring the power in the main channel. • Total Pwr Ref Key access: [MEAS] > {SEM} > {Ref Channel} Total Pwr Ref is the power in the carrier that is used as the reference in computing the relative power values for the offsets. When Man is selected, this can be set by the user.
Key Reference 5 Table 2 Offsets & Limits Defaulted for W-CDMA (3GPP) a Mobile Station Measurements Offset Start Stop Freq Freq (MHz) (MHz) Res Abs Abs Rel Rel Rel Meas BW Start Stop Couple Start Stop BW (kHz) (dBm) (dBm) (dBc) (dBc) A. On 2.515 3.485 30.00 -71.07 -71.07 Man -35.23 -49.78 1 B. On 4.000 7.500 1000.0 -55.84 -55.84 Man -35.50 -39.00 1 Man C. On 7.500 8.500 1000.00 -55.84 -55.84 -39.00 -49.00 1 D. On 8.500 12.000 1000.00 -55.84 -55.84 Couple -49.00 -49.00 1 E.
5 Key Reference Offset Key access: [MEAS] > {SEM} > {Offset/Limits} Selects the offset pairs (upper and lower) that the softkeys affect, and displays the memory selection menu from A to E (where you can store up to 5 sets of values for Start Freq, Stop Freq, Sweep Time, Res BW, Meas BW, Abs Start, Abs Stop, and so forth). Press Offset until the letter of the desired offset (A, B, C, D, or E) is underlined. Only one selection at a time is shown on this key label.
Key Reference 5 Specifies the resolution bandwidth used in measuring the offset pair. When set to Auto, the Res BW from the default tables for “Offset/Limits" on page 104 are used. When set to Man, the allowed range is 1 kHz to 1MHz. Abs StartAmpt Key access: [MEAS] > {SEM} > {Offset/Limits} > {More} Enables you to enter an absolute level limit at Start Freq for the currently selected offset ranging from –200.00 to +50.00 dBm with 0.01 dB resolution.
5 Key Reference Meas BW Key access: [MEAS] > {SEM} > {Offset/Limits} > {More} > {More} Specifies the bandwidth to use when measuring the offset. When using the front panel, only the currently selected offset is affected. All the offsets are affected when remote control. This is the multiplier applied to the resolution bandwidth to determine the bandwidth to integrate when calculating the power. Meas BW is now restricted to be 1 and not changeable.
Key Reference 5 Spectrogram Spectrogram Run/Pause Key access: [MEAS] > {Spectrogram} > {Spectrogram} Toggles the spectrogram monitoring between Run and Pause. Restart Meas Key access: [MEAS] > {Spectrogram} > {Restart Meas} Resets the spectrogram display. Update Interval Key access: [MEAS] > {Spectrogram} > {Update Int.} Enables you to set the interval of time to update data to 1 or more seconds.
5 Key Reference Palette Key access: [MEAS]> {Spectrogram} > {Palette} Toggles the spectrogram color mode between full color and gray scale. Disp Mode Key access: [MEAS]> {Spectrogram} > {display} Allows you to set the spectrogram display mode as trace, spectrogram or both trace and spectrogram. Save&Load Key access: [MEAS]> {Spectrogram} > {Save&Load} This softkey is only available with option INM activated.
Key Reference 5 File Setup Key access: [MEAS]> {Spectrogram} > {Save&Load} > {File Setup} This submenu allows you to set the File Type, File name, File Path, and File Size (100- 1500 frames). Save RAM Key access: [MEAS]> {Spectrogram} > {Save&Load} > {Save RAM} Press this key to save the current spectrogram measurement data into a file with default name.
5 Key Reference MODE Activates the softkey menus to select the measurement mode of your analyzer. The measurement modes are: • Spectrum Analyzer • Tracking Generator • Power Meter • Demodulation Analysis (Option) • IBOC (In-Band On-Channel) Measurement (Option) • xDSL Measurement (Option) Spectrum Analyzer Key access: [MODE] > {Tracking Generator} Select the spectrum analyzer mode, and press [ENTER] to make the spectrum analysis and measurement.
Key Reference CAU CAU TI O- N NO TE 5 Power-level sensitive devices connected to the tracking generator output may be accidentally damaged. This is because the actual source amplitude will be greater than the amplitude indicated on the analyzer, when the power sweep function is being used. The source amplitude value is used as the starting amplitude for a power sweep.
5 Key Reference the error message: Store reference trace before turning on Normalize (On) is displayed in the status line, however Normalize has been activate. • Normalize Normalize(On) activates the normalize function. On each sweep, the normalized trace (Trace 4) is subtracted from Trace 1 and the result is added to the normalized reference level.
Key Reference 5 such as an amplifier. Now replace the thru line with the device under test, and an accurate measurement of the gain or loss can be made. • Norm Ref Lvl Sets the level (in dB) of the normalized reference. • Norm Ref Posn Offsets the displayed trace without affecting the instrument gain or attenuation settings. This allows the displayed trace to be moved without decreasing measurement accuracy. • Ref Trace Allows you to view or blank the reference trace on the display.
5 Key Reference • Zero Type Toggles the zeroing type of the Power Sensor between internal and external. When this type is set to EXT, pressing Zeroing will bring up a message which indicates the external signal need be pulled out. This setting is not affected by the preset in Power Meter menu. Meas Disp Key access: [MODE] > {Power Meter} > {Meas Disp} Access the Meas Disp submenu for defining the display range and resolution while in Power Meter mode.
Key Reference 5 • Resolution Access the associated Resolution submenu. When the measurement suffix is W or %, this parameter represents the number of significant digits. When the measurement suffix is dB or dBm, 1 through 4 represents 1, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 dB respectively. The default value is 3. • Disp Mode Change the display mode between Meter and Chart. The default mode is Meter. • Chart View Access the Chart View submenu.
5 Key Reference Meas Setup Key access: [MODE] > {Power Meter} > {Meas Setup} Accesses the Meas Disp submenu which is used to configure the mesurement settings. • Freq Sets a frequency between 1 kHz and 90.0 GHz using the numeric keypad, arrow key or knob. If the frequency does not correspond directly to a frequency in the sensor calibration table, the power sensor calculates the calibration factor using linear interpolation. • Power Range Accesses the Power Range submenu.
Key Reference 5 • Lower Limit Sets the lower test limit value for the current measurement. The units used are dependent on the current setting of power unit. When the measured power is less than the value specified, a failure will be reported. • Limit Beep Enables or disables the limit beep. • Rel/Offset Accesses the Rel/Offset submenu. • Rel Enables the comparison of a measurement result to a reference value and sets a reference value on the current measured data.
5 Key Reference averages is greater than 12.5%, the digital filter is cleared. The filter will then start storing new measurement data. This feature shortens the filter time required when the input power changes substantially. Note that the result appears to settle faster, although true settling to the final value is unaffected. • Meas Interval Sets the interval time between two measurements. The default value is 100 ms.
Key Reference 5 Quick Span Key access: [MODE] > {IBOC Measurement} > {AM}/{FM} > {Quick Span} Press this softkey to quick set the frequency span with the below configurations: • Quick Span in AM submenu: Mask Span is a shortcut to set center frequency to a standard carrier frequency near current center frequency and set span to 160 kHz. AM Band is a shortcut to set center frequency to 1115 kHz and set span to 1370 kHz.
5 Key Reference Mask Fuction Key access: [MODE] > {IBOC Measurement} > {AM}/{FM} > {Mask Function} Accesses the submenu to configure the mask related settings. • Mask Type There are two types of mask in spectrum mask measurement for IBOC standard: FCC spectral emission mask and NRSC spectral emission limits. NRSC spectral emission is leveraged from the related specifications of iBiquity Digital Corporation. The mask types for IBOC- AM are listed as below: • FCC (AM- 73.
Key Reference 5 The mak types for IBOC- FM are listed as below: • FCC (FM- 73.317) • NRSC- 5- B Hybrid • NRSC- 5- B Hybrid Figure 5-31 IBOC (FM) spectral emission mask and limits IBOC (FM) spectral emission mask and limits 0 Level relative to unmodulated carrier(dBc) -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -600 -400 -200 0 200 Offset from carrier frequency (kHz) 400 600 Trace in red is FCC spectral emissions mask. Trace in blue is NRSC hybrid spectral emissions limits.
5 Key Reference • Beep Beep On/Off is a switch to enable/disable Pass/Fail beep sound indication. • Noise Cancel This function is used to reduce the noise level for any possible small signals. It is only available in FM IBOC submenu, when Mask Type is set to NRSC-5-B . Channel Key access: [MODE] > {IBOC Measurement} > {AM}/{FM} > {Channel} Press the Channel softkey to access a channel list menu with customized channel setting files. The channel file is easy to reload, delete and copy as needed.
Key Reference 5 Tune Range Key access: [MODE] > {IBOC Measurement} > {AM}/{FM} > {Tune Range} Toggles Tune Range between Band and Span. When it is set to Band, auto tune is available in whole AM/FM band frequency range. When it is set to Span, Auto tune is available in current span frequency range. xDSL Measurement Spectrogram Run/Pause Key access: [MODE] > {xDSL Measurement} > {Spectrogram} Toggles the spectrogram between Run and Pause.
5 Key Reference spectrogram. when the Spectrogram is running, Pressing {Spec View}will pause the running spectrogram. Press {Home}/{End} to view the first /last spectrogram in cache. Press {Playback} to playback the spectrogram process. The direction and the Update interval is changable as your need. Palette Key access: [MEAS]> {xDSL Measurement} > {Palette} Toggles the spectrogram color mode between full color and gray scale.
Key Reference 5 Timed Setting Key access: [MEAS]> {Spectrogram} > {Save&Load} > {Time Setting} This submenu allows you to configure automatic time save function. You can set start date, time, stop date, time in this menu. Press {Timed Save On}, the N9340B will start the auto- saving function from the Start Time. File Setup Key access: [MEAS]> {Spectrogram} > {Save&Load} > {File Setup} This submenu allows you to set the File Type, File name, File Path, and File Size (100- 1500 frames).
5 Key Reference SPAN This hardkey accesses the softkey submenu of span functions. Pressing [SPAN] allows you to change the frequency range. The frequency- span readout describes the total displayed frequency range. To determine frequency span per horizontal graticule division (when in linear frequency scale type), divide the frequency span by 10. Span Key access: [SPAN] > {Span} Enter a frequency span range value.
Key Reference 5 AM Key access: [SPAN] > {Demod} > {AM} Pressing {AM ON} activates the AM demodulation and turns off FM demodulation (if it is on). FM Key access: [SPAN] > {Demod} > {FM} Pressing {FM ON} activates the FM demodulation and turns off AM demodulation (if it is on). For non- zero spans, a 100 kHz resolution bandwidth is used during the demodulation, regardless of the screen annotation. When the span is set to zero span, the displayed bandwidth is used.
5 Key Reference Hz. For long demodulation times, pressing Preset when Preset Type is set to DFT will abort the Demod function. The default value is 2 ms. NO TE It is normal to hear clicking sounds when the Auto Alignment function is On. During retrace, a small portion of the analyzer circuitry is realigned. Some of the switching of the analyzer circuitry is done using relays. It is the rapid switching of these relays during retrace that causes the clicking sounds.
Key Reference 5 Ext Rise Key access: [SPAN] > {Trigger} > {Ext Rise} Activates the trigger condition that will start a sweep when the external voltage (connected to EXT TRG IN on the rear panel) passes through approximately 2 volts. The external trigger signal must be a 0 V to +5 V TTL signal. Sets the trigger polarity to positive. Ext Fall Key access: [SPAN] > {Trigger} > {Ext Fall} Sets the trigger polarity to negative.
5 Key Reference TRACE Accesses the trace keys to store and manipulate trace information. Each trace comprises a series of data points in which amplitude information is stored. The analyzer updates the data for any active trace with each successive sweep. Trace Key access: [TRACE] > {Trace} Selects the trace (1- 4) for current use. Clear Write Key access: [TRACE] > {Clear Write} Erases any previously stored trace data and continuously updates the display during following sweeps of the analyzer.
Key Reference 5 Minimum Hold Key access: [TRACE] > {Min Hold} Maintains the minimum level for each trace point of the selected trace, and updates each trace point if a new minimum level is detected in successive sweeps. NO TE Changing the vertical scale (Amplitude, Scale Type, Log or Line), or pressing PRESET, or turning averaging on (TRACE, Average (On) or switching widow in Zone Span restarts the held trace. View Key access: [TRACE] > {View} Holds and displays the amplitude data of the selected trace.
5 Key Reference of the data evaluated during that time and present a single point of trace data based on the detector mode. We call the interval during which data for that trace point is being collected, the “bucket”. Thus a trace is more than a series of single points. It is actually a series of trace “buckets”. The data may be sampled many times within each bucket. • Normal Selects the maximum and minimum video signal values alternately.
Key Reference 5 Average Key access: [TRACE] > {More} > {Average} Initiates a digital averaging routine that averages the trace points in a number of successive sweeps resulting in trace “smoothing”. Increasing the average number will further smooth the trace. For the information of the type of averaging please refer to “Avg Type" on page 87. The average is restarted when any of the following occurs: • A new average number is entered. • Any related parameter (e.g., center frequency) is changed.
5 Key Reference Numbers, alpha characters and underline are all valid components of a filename. Recall Trace Key access: [TRACE] > {More} > {Recall trace} The user may recalls a saved trace as the current activated trace.
Key Reference 5 LIMIT Limit Line Key access: [Limit] > {Limit Line} Activates an adjustable horizontal line that is used as a visual reference line. The limit line, used for trace arithmetic, has amplitude values that correspond to its vertical position when compared to the reference level. The value of the display line appears in both the active function block and on the left side of the display. The arrow keys, knob, or numeric keypad may be used to adjust the display line.
5 Key Reference Limit Type Key access: [Limit] > {Limit Type} Defines the limit you are editing as either an upper or lower limit. An upper limit fails if trace 1 exceeds the limit. A lower limit fails if trace 1 falls below the limit. Beep Key access: [Limit] > {Beep} Turns the beep function on or off. When it set to on, it sounds an alarm as an indicator of a measurement limit failure. Save Limits Key access: [Limit] > {Save Limits} Saves the parameters of the current limit pattern in a file (*.LTM).
Agilent N9340B Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 6 Error Messages This chapter contains Error Message information and definitions used by the analyzer.
6 Error Messages Overview If an improper operation occurs during the instrument configuration, a message will appear on the status line indicating the incident and the how the spectrum analyzer corrected the setting automatically. press [SYS] > {More} > {Show errors} to read the specific descriptions of those messages. Example In this example, a failure explanation is generally included with each error to further define its meaning. The instrument messages in this guide are listed numerically.
Error Messages 6 Error Message List Please refer to the error messages list table as below to find the corresponding message description: Error Error Message Code 0 Description No error –410 Query INTERRUPTED Indicates that a condition causing an INTERRUPTED query occurred (see IEEE 488.2, 6.3.2.7) –350 Query overflow Indicates the SCPI remote interface error queue overflowed. –321 Out of memory Indicates an internal operation needed more memory than that was available.
6 Error Messages Error Error Message Code Description –144 Character data too long Indicates the character data contained more than 12 characters. (see IEEE 488.2, 7.7.1.4) 764 Unable to save file Indicates a failure occurred while saving a file. The file was not saved. 762 Unable to load file Indicates a failure occurred while loading a file. The file was not loaded. 612 File NOT found Indicates the analyzer could not find the specified file.
Error Messages Error Error Message Code 6 Description 150 Mixer overload Indicates the first mixer in danger. Either increase input attenuation or decrease the input signal level. 149 Mixer saturate Indicates you need to either increase the input attenuation or decrease the input signal level. 147 Incorrect alignment data in EEPROM Indicates invalid alignment data occurred. 143 Final IF overload Indicates you need to either increase the input attenuation or decrease the input signal level.
6 144 Error Messages N9340B User’s Guide
Agilent N9340B Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 7 Troubleshooting This chapter includes information on how to check for a problem with your Agilent Technologies spectrum analyzer, and how to return it for service. If you experience a problem or would like additional information about your analyzer, Agilent Technologies’ worldwide organization is ready to provide the support you need.
7 Troubleshooting Check the basics This section includes information on how to check for a problem with your Agilent spectrum analyzer, and how to return it for service. If you experience a problem or would like additional information about your analyzer, Agilent Technologies’ worldwide organization is ready to provide the support you need. WA RN ING No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.
Troubleshooting 7 • To meet specifications, the analyzer must be aligned. For more information on how to align the analyzer, refer to “Running Internal Alignments" on page 23. NO TE If the analyzer is still under warranty or is covered by a maintenance contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or plan (the warranty is located at the front of this manual).
7 Troubleshooting Contact Agilent Technologies Agilent has Sales and Service Offices around the world to provide you with complete support. Go to http://www.agilent.com/find/assist for help with: • product selection, configuration, and purchases. • technical and application assistance, and consulting. • rental and leasing options, and refurbished equipment. • repair, calibration, education and training. If you do not have access to the internet, call the appropriate number shown below.
Agilent N9340B Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 8 Menu Map This chapter contains menu maps that visually present the menus and submenus that are accessed by pressing the Hardkeys and Softkey menu selections in the instrument. This is a quick reference guide for the experienced user.
8 Menu Map AMPTD AMPTD Ref level Attenuation Auto Man Preamp Off On Scale/DIV > 1 dB/DIV Scale Type Log Lin HiSensitivity Off On 2 dB/DIV 5 dB/DIV 10 dB/DIV More Ref Offset Y Axis Unit dBm EMF Mode Off On dBmV Grid Scale Off On 150 dBuV W V N9340B User’s Guide
Menu Map 8 BW/SWP BW/SWP RBW Auto Man VBW Auto Man VBW/RBW Auto Man Avg Type Log Pwr Sweep Time Auto Man Voltage Power Sweep Single Sweep Sweep Single Cont Sweep Mode Normal Fast TD Mode Off On N9340B User’s Guide 151
8 Menu Map FREQ Freq Center Freq Start Freq Stop Freq CF Step Auto Man Channel STD> Standard Off On Freq Offset Load STD > STD Type System User Channel Fwd Rev Load Now Channel Step Copy Delete 152 N9340B User’s Guide
Menu Map 8 MARKER Marker Marker 123456 Normal Delta Peak Next Left PK Next Right PK 6 Peaks Search Off On Off Peak Search > Marker To > To Center More 1 of 2 To Ref Mode > Marker Trace All Ref Preset Normal Freq Count Noise Band Power All Off Marker Table Off On Trace 1 Trace 2 Trace 3 Trace 4 N9340B User’s Guide 153
8 Menu Map MEAS Center Freq MEAS Int BW Measure Off Channel Power Channel BW Center Freq Main Channel ACPR OBW Spectrogram Run Pause Restart Meas Update Int.
Menu Map 8 MODE - IBOC Measurement MODE IBOC Measur ement AM Center Freq AM > FM > FM Mask Span Mask Span AM Band F M Band Quick Span > AM Channel Mask Function > FM Channel AM Channel Channel FM Channel Aut o Tune Tune Range Ba nd Spa n Return AM Mask Type > On Off Mask Pass /Fail On On On Off Beep Off Noise Cancel Of f Retur n N9340B User’s Guide Ret urn Return FM AM-73.
8 Menu Map MODE - Tracking Generator MODE Spectrum Analyzer Power Meter Tracking Generaotr Amplitude Off On Source Amptd Step Demodulation Analysis Amptd Offset IBOC Measurement Normalize xDSL Measurement Store Ref 1->4 Normalize Off On Norm Ref Lvl Norm Ref Posn Ref Trace Blank View 156 N9340B User’s Guide
Menu Map 8 MODE - Power Meter M ODE Zero ing Power Meter Zero Type INT EXT Zeroing Disp Ran ge Meas Disp Meas Setup Preset Resolution 1234 Disp Mode M eter Chart Auto Range Ch art View Range Lower Upper Con tinu e Re tu rn Freq Limits On Off Upper Limit Power Range Lower Limit Limits Limit Beep On Off Rel/Offset Average M eas Inte rval Return Rel On Off Offset On Off Average On Off Avg count On Off Step Detect On Off N9340B User’s Guide 157
8 Menu Map MODE - Demodulation Analysis (AM/FM) MO DE Demodula tion Ana lysis AM FM C arrie r Freq Auto S cal e On IF BW EqLP F Pe ak+ O ff Re f Va lue Pea k- Ref P osi ti on Pe ak+ -/2 L eft De tec tor Sca le /DIV X Scal e * Ext Gain R MS Pea k Hold Y Sca le On Re turn M ore Ca rrFreq Ste p Ave rage On O ff C arrPow U pr L imits Auto Ca rrF req A M D ep t h L ow / Fr eqD ev Low O ff Sw e ep Si ngl e C ont Atte nuation O ff A M D e pt h U p/ Fr e qD e v U p On Return Limit
Menu Map 8 MODE - Demodulation Analysis (ASK/FSK) MO DE Demodula tion Ana lysis ASK FSK Ca rrier Freq Auto S cal e On Sy mbol R ate F ilter Setup Symbol Mea s F ilter Re f Va lue W aveform Ref Fil ter Ref P osi ti on ASK/F SK Error Alpha /BbT O ff L e ft View Sca le/DIV X Scal e * Ext Gain Eye Dia gra m Filter Symbols Y Sca le Return More Meas Length Average On O ff Trig ger Limi ts Sweep Si ngl e C ont Return Limit On Free Run O ff C arrPow Upr RF Trigger ASK Dep th U p/
8 Menu Map MODE - xDSL MODE xDSL Measurement Spectrogram Run Pause Restart Meas Update Int. Off On Home Play Page Up Stop Page Down Direction Down Up End Update Int.
Menu Map 8 SPAN SPAN Span Full Span Zero Span Last Span AM Off On FM Off On Speaker Vol Delay Time Demod *Trigger Free Run Video Ext Rise Ext Fall Trig Delay Off On *The trigger menu is available when span is set to zero span.
8 Menu Map SYS SYS Brightness View Local USB Copy Delete Save File > Load Now Setting > File Setup Language> Screen Save Key Backlight General Power On Switch Timer Power Off PwrOn/Preset Option Add Option Show Option Input/Output Trig Ref IP Admin Show System Show Error Front Panel Calibration Time Base Upgrade Firmware More 2 of 3 SaveSYS Setup LoadSYS Setup Time/Date Color Mode Power Manager Language Key Beep Off On More 1 of 3 Diagnostic File Type Save Path Local USB Shortcu
Menu Map 8 TRACE TRACE Trace 1234 Clear Write Max Hold Min Hold View Normal Average Pos Peak Blank Sample More 1 of 2 Neg Peak Detector Auto Man Average Off On Avg Restart Save Trace Save As Recall Trace More 2 of 2 N9340B User’s Guide 163
8 Menu Map Limit LIMIT Limit Line Off On Limit Off On Edit Limits Limits Points Limit Type Upper Lower Limits Offset Beep Off On Save Limits Limits Table Limit Limit Fixed Rel X Axis Unit Freq Time Load Limits Limit System User Load Now Copy Delete 164 N9340B User’s Guide
Index A P Adding Option, 29 Amplitude, 82 Attenuation, 82 Avg Type, 87 Peak Search, 97 Power Manager, 26 Preamp, 83 B Battery, 16 C CF Step, 94 Checking SYS Info, 19 D Display Adjustment, 26 E ESC/CLR, 92 Ext Input, 28 F File Type, 32 Firmware Upgrading, 28 Frequency, 2, 93 Front Panel, 5 I Instrument Markings, 8 ISM1-A, 8 R Reference Level, 82 Reference Offset, 84 Res BW, 86 S Saving a file, 33 Saving a trace, 34 Scale Type, 83 Scale/Div, 83 Setting Key Beep, 26 Show Error, 30 Show SYS Info, 30
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DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to EN ISO/IEC 17050-1:2004 Manufacturer’s Name: Agilent Technologies (Chengdu) Co., Ltd. Manufacturer’s Address: No.
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