Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide
Notices © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2006 Warranty No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws. The material contained in this document is provided “as is,” and is subject to being changed, without notice, in future editions.
In This User’s Guide… This guide contains operation information for the N9320A Spectrum Analyzer. 1 Overview A quick overview of the front and rear panels. 2 Getting Started Unpacking and setting up your analyzer. 3 Functions and Measurements How to use the analyzer in the basic applications. 4 Key Reference Describe every front- panel hardkeys and the related softkeys’ functions in detail. 5 One-Button Measurements Describe the key definition of one- button measurement.
N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Contents 1 Overview 1 Agilent N9320A at a Glance Front Panel Overview 3 Rear Panel Overview 8 2 Front and rear panel symbols 2 Getting Started 9 11 Check the Shipment and Order List Power Requirements 13 Environmental Requirements Safety Notice 12 15 18 Electrostatic Discharge Protection Power on and Check 20 Some helpful Tips 22 Running Internal Alignments Enable the Options 22 Using an External Reference Firmware Revision 23 Remote Control 3 22 23 24 Functions and Measurements 25
Contents Comparing Signals on the Same Screen Using Marker Delta 30 Comparing Signals not on the Same Screen Using Marker Delta 32 Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude 34 Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals 37 Measuring a Low-Level Signal 39 Reducing Input Attenuation 39 Decreasing the Resolution Bandwidth Trace Averaging 42 41 Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy Tracking Drifting Signals 43 45 Making Distortion Measurements 47 Identifying Analyzer Generated Distortion 47 Third-Ord
Contents Det/Display Enter File 78 84 85 Frequency Marker 91 93 Marker-> Meas 97 98 MODE 99 Peak Search 103 Preset/System SPAN 5 107 113 Sweep/Trig 114 View/Trace 116 One-Button Measurements Channel Power Occupied BW ACP 118 120 123 Intermod (TOI) 126 Spectrum Emission Mask 6 Instrument Messages Overview 128 135 136 Command Errors 137 Execution Conflict Device-Specific Errors N9320A User’s Guide 117 139 141
Contents 7 In Case of Difficulty 145 Check the Basics 146 Read the Warranty 147 Contact Agilent Technologies 8 Menu Maps 149 Amplitude Menu 150 BW/Avg Menu 151 Det/Display Menu 152 File Menu (1 of 2) 153 File Menu (2 of 2) 154 Frequency Menu Marker Menu 155 156 Marker-> Menu 157 Measure Menu (1 of 2) 158 Measure Menu (2 of 2) 159 MODE Menu 160 Name editor Menu 161 Peak Search Menu 162 Preset/System Menu SPAN Menu 163 164 Sweep/Trig Menu 165 View/Trace Menu 166 Index
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 1 Overview Agilent N9320A at a Glance Front Panel Overview 3 Rear Panel Overview 8 Front and rear panel symbols 2 9 This chapter describes the general features and functions of the Agilent N9320A spectrum analyzer and provides an introduction of the front and rear panels.
1 Overview Agilent N9320A at a Glance An Agilent N9320A spectrum analyzer is a swept portable spectrum analyzer with a frequency range of 9 kHz to 3.0 GHz. It can be a fundamental component of an automated system, and be widely used in electronic manufacturing functional/final/QA test systems.
Overview 1 Front Panel Overview This section provides the information of the front panel. 2 1 N9320A SPECTRUM ANALYZER 16 3 4 9 kHz - 3.
1 Overview • Preset/System (Local) accesses the softkeys to reset the analyzer to a known state, if the analyzer is in the remote mode, pressing this key returns the analyzer to the local mode and enables front- panel control. • Auto Tune search the signal automatically and locate the signal to the center of the graticule. see “Auto Tune” on page 73. • BW/Avg activates the resolution bandwidth function and accesses the softkeys that control the bandwidth functions and averaging.
Overview 8 RF IN connector is the signal input for the analyzer. The maximum damage level is average continuous power +40 dBm, DC voltage 50 VDC. The impedance is 50 W. (N- type female). 9 PROBE POWER connector provides power for high- impedance AC probes or other accessories (+15 V, –12 V, 150 mA maximum). 10 CAL OUT connector provides an amplitude reference signal output of 50 MHz at –10 dBm (BNC female).
1 Overview Display Annotations 4 5 7 6 8 9 10 11 12 3 2 1 27 OPT 26 Span 1.
Overview 13 Softkey menu Refer to “Key Reference” for details. 14 Frequency span [SPAN] 15 Sweep time [Sweep/Trig] > Sweep Time 16 Video bandwidth [Bw/Avg] > Video BW 17 Display status line Display status and instrument messages.
1 Overview Rear Panel Overview 9 8 SERIAL LABEL ATTACH HERE VGA OUT 7 USB 1 REF OUT LAN 10MHz K LOCK REF IN ~100-240 V 50-60 Hz 100 W MAX EXT TRIG IN 10MHz HIPOT LABEL ATTACH HERE TTL 6 2 3 8 4 5 1 REF OUT connector provides a frequency of 10 MHz, amplitude of –10 dBm reference output. (BNC female) 2 REF IN connector accepts an external timebase with a frequency of 10 MHz, amplitude of –5 to +10 dBm (BNC female). 3 Kensington Lock 4 LAN port is reserved for future expansion.
Overview 1 Front and rear panel symbols The instruction manual symbol: indicates that the user must refer to specific instructions in the manual. The CE mark: a registered trademark of the European Community. ISM1-A C US ICES/NMB-001 N10149 Shows that this is an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product. (CISPR 11, Clause 4) The CSA mark: a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association International.
1 10 Overview N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 2 Getting Started Check the Shipment and Order List Power Requirements 13 Environmental Requirements Safety Notice 12 15 18 Electrostatic Discharge Protection Power on and Check Some helpful Tips Remote Control 19 20 22 24 This chapter gives you the information to start using the spectrum analyzer correctly.
2 Getting Started Check the Shipment and Order List After receiving the shipment, first check the shipment and your order list according to the following procedure. • Inspect the shipping container for damage. Signs of damage may include a dented or torn shipping container or cushioning material that indicate signs of unusual stress or compacting. • Carefully remove the contents from the shipping container and verify that your order is complete.
Getting Started 2 Power Requirements The spectrum analyzer has an auto- ranging line voltage input. The AC power supply must meet the following requirements: Voltage: 100 to 240 VAC (90 to 264 VAC) Frequency: 50 to 60 Hz Power: Maximum 100 W AC Power Cord The analyzer is equipped with a three- wire power cord, in accordance with international safety standards. This cable grounds the analyzer cabinet when connected to an appropriate power line outlet.
2 Getting Started AC Power Cords Plug Type Cable Part Number Plug a Description 8121-1703 BS 1363/A For use in Country & Region Option 900 United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia 250V 10A 8120-0696 AS 3112:2000 Option 901 Australia, New Zealand 250V 10A 8120-1692 IEC 83 C4 Option 902 Continental Europe, Korea, Indonesia, Italy, Russia 250V 16A 8120-1521 CNS 10917-2 /NEMA 5-15P 125V 10A 8120-2296 SEV 1011 Option 903 Unite States, Canada, Taiwan, Mexico Option 906 Switzerland 250V 10
Getting Started 2 Environmental Requirements Agilent Technologies has designed this product for use in Installation Category II, Pollution Degree 2, per IEC 61010- 1.
2 Getting Started Rack Mount You are recommended to rackmount kit (option 1CM) to install the signal generator into a rack. Do not attempt to rack mount the signal generator by the front panel handles only. This rackmount kit allows you to mount the signal generator with or without handles. Refer to the following instructions when you want to rackmount the signal generator. 16 1 Remove feet, key- locks and tilt stands. 2 Remove side trim strips and a middle screw per side.
Getting Started CAUTION 2 3 Attach rackmount flange and front handle assembly with 3 screws per side. 4 Rackmounting with two dress screws per side. Installing the spectrum analyzers into other racks may promote shock hazards, overheating, dust contamination, and inferior system performance. Consult your Agilent customer engineer about installation, warranty, and support details. Transit You are also recommended to use the hard transit case (option 1TC) for instrument transportations.
2 Getting Started Safety Notice Please read the following warnings and cautions carefully before you power on the spectrum analyzer to ensure your personal and instrument safety. 18 WAR N ING Always use a well-grounded, three-pin AC power cord to connect to power source. Personal injury may occur if there is any interruption of the AC power cord. Intentional interruption is prohibited.
Getting Started 2 Electrostatic Discharge Protection Electrostatic discharge (ESD) damages or destroys electronic components (the possibility of unseen damage caused by ESD is present whenever transportation, store or use of components). This product contains components that are easily damaged by electrostatic discharge.
2 Getting Started Power on and Check 1 Connect the power cord. Insert the plug into a power socket provided with a protective earth. Set the tilt adjustor for your preference. 2 Press the line switch on the rear panel. The standby LED (orange) will light and the spectrum analyzer is in standby mode. 3 Press the standby switch on the front panel. The Line LED (green) will light, and the spectrum analyzer boots up.
Getting Started 2 Check for Instrument Messages The spectrum analyzer has two categories of instrument messages: error and warning messages. A error message is triggered by operation errors, for example, setting conflicts or data input is out of the range of a parameter. An warning message mainly is triggered by hardware defects which could result in damage to instrument. Here are some tips to check the instrument messages.
2 Getting Started Some helpful Tips Please refer to the following descriptions for your further use, including alignment, external reference, firmware update and option activation. Running Internal Alignments To meet specifications, the analyzer must be manually aligned. When the alignment runs, you will hear clicking as the attenuator settings changing. This is not an indication of trouble.
Getting Started 2 Using an External Reference If you wish to use an external 10 MHz source as the reference frequency, connect an external reference source to the REF IN connector on the rear panel. An EXT REF indicator will display in the upper bar of the display. The signal level range is –5 to +10 dBm. Firmware Revision Press Preset/ System > More > Show software to view the firmware revision of your analyzer.
2 Getting Started Remote Control The N9320A spectrum analyzer provides USB connection to your PC, allowing you run the analyzer in remote mode. N9320A SPECTRUM ANALYZER 9 kHz - 3.
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 3 Functions and Measurements Making a Basic Measurement Measuring Multiple Signals 26 30 Measuring a Low-Level Signal 39 Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy Tracking Drifting Signals 45 Making Distortion Measurements Measuring Phase Noise 43 47 53 Stimulus Response Transmission 54 Measuring Stop Band Attenuation of a Lowpass Filter Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement 57 60 Measuring Return Loss Using the Reflection Calibration Rou
3 Functions and Measurements Making a Basic Measurement In this guide, the keys labeled a [ ], for example, [Preset/System] is front- panel hardkeys. Pressing most of the hardkeys accesses menus of functions that are displayed along the right side of the screen, for example, Preset Type. These displayed functions are called softkeys. Using the Front Panel This section provides you with the information on how to use the front panel of the spectrum analyzer.
Functions and Measurements 3 Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer Preset provides a known instrument status for making measurements. There are two types of preset: Factory Preset User Preset Restores the analyzer to its factory- defined state. Please refer to “Factory Preset State” on page 108 for details. Restores the analyzer to a user- defined state. Press type. Preset/ System > Pwr on/Preset > Preset Type to select the preset When Preset Type sets to Factory, pressing triggers a factory preset.
3 Functions and Measurements Setting Reference Level and Center Frequency 1 Press Amplitude > 10 > dBm to set 10 dBm reference level. 2 Press Frequency > 30 > MHz to set 30 MHz center frequency. Setting Frequency Span > 50 > MHz to set 50 MHz frequency span. SPAN Press Changing the reference level changes the amplitude value of the top graticule line. Changing the center frequency changes the horizontal placement of the signal on the display.
Functions and Measurements 2 3 Use the knob, the arrow keys, or the softkeys in the Peak Search menu to move the marker. The marker information will display in the upper- right corner of the screen. Changing Reference Level 1 Press Amplitude and note that reference level (Ref Level) is now the active function. 2 Press Marker > Mkr-> Ref Lvl. Note that changing the reference level changes the amplitude value of the top graticule line.
3 Functions and Measurements Measuring Multiple Signals This section provides the information on how to measure multiple signals. Comparing Signals on the Same Screen Using Marker Delta This analyzer delta marker function lets you compare two signals when both appear on the screen at one time. In the following example, harmonics of the 10 MHz reference signal available at the rear of the analyzer is used to measure frequency and amplitude differences between two signals on the same screen.
Functions and Measurements Press Peak Search > Next Peak or Press Peak Search > Next Pk Right or Next Pk Left. 3 The amplitude and frequency differences between the markers are displayed in the active function block. Figure 2 NOTE N9320A Spectrum Analyzer Delta pair marker with signals on the same screen To increase the resolution of the marker readings, turn on the frequency count function. For more information, please refer to “Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy” on page 43.
3 Functions and Measurements Comparing Signals not on the Same Screen Using Marker Delta The analyzer helps you to compare the frequency and amplitude difference between two signals which are not on the same screen. (This technique is useful for harmonic distortion tests.) In this example, the analyzer’s 10 MHz signal is used to measure frequency and amplitude differences between one signal on screen and one signal off screen. Delta marker is used to demonstrate this comparison.
Functions and Measurements 3 Figure 3 shows the reference annotation for the delta marker (1R) at the left side of the display, indicating that the 10 MHz reference signal is at a lower frequency than the frequency range currently displayed. Figure 3 Delta Marker with Reference Signal Off-Screen The delta marker appears on the peak of the 100 MHz component. The delta marker annotation displays the amplitude and frequency difference between the 10 and 100 MHz signal peaks.
3 Functions and Measurements Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude In this example a decrease in resolution bandwidth is used in combination with a decrease in video bandwidth to resolve two signals of equal amplitude with a frequency separation of 100 kHz. Figure 4 Setup for obtaining two signals Signal Generator N9310A RF Signal Generator N9310A FUN CTIONS 9 kHz - 3.
Functions and Measurements 3 If the signal peak is not present on the display, span out to 20 MHz, turn signal tracking on, span back to 2 MHz and turn signal tracking off: Press Peak Search Press Frequency Press SPAN Press Frequency Figure 5 4 > Span > 20 > MHz SPAN Press > Signal Track (On) > 2 > MHz > Signal Track (Off) Unresolved Signals of Equal Amplitude Change the resolution bandwidth (RBW) to 100 kHz so that the RBW setting is less than or equal to the frequency separation of the t
3 Functions and Measurements Decreasing the resolution bandwidth improves the resolution of the individual signals and increase the sweep time. Figure 6 Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude For fastest measurement times, use the widest possible resolution bandwidth. Under factory preset conditions, the resolution bandwidth is coupled to the span.
Functions and Measurements 3 Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals This example uses narrow resolution bandwidths to resolve two input signals with a frequency separation of 50 kHz and an amplitude difference of 60 dB. 1 Connect two sources to the RF IN as shown in Figure 4. 2 Set one source to 300 MHz at –10 dBm. Set the other source to 300.05 MHz at –70 dBm.
3 Functions and Measurements 5 Reduce the resolution bandwidth filter to view the smaller hidden signal. Place a delta marker on the smaller signal: Press BW/ Avg Press Peak Search Press Marker > 1 > kHz > Delta > Delta (On) Press 50 > kHz Figure 8 NOTE 38 Resolved small signal from large signal The 1 kHz filter shape factor of 15:1 has a bandwidth of 15 kHz at the 60 dB point. The half-bandwidth (7.
Functions and Measurements 3 Measuring a Low-Level Signal This section provides information on measuring low- level signals and distinguishing them from spectrum noise. Reducing Input Attenuation The ability to measure a low- level signal is limited by internally generated noise in the spectrum analyzer. The input attenuator affects the level of a signal passing through the analyzer. If a signal is close to the noise floor, reducing input attenuation will bring the signal out of the noise.
3 Functions and Measurements 5 Press Peak Search Press Marker Reduce the span to 500 kHz, if necessary re- center the peak: Press 6 > Mkr -> CF > 500 > kHz SPAN Set the attenuation to 20 dB: Press Amplitude Figure 10 > Attenuation > 20 > dB A signal closer to the noise level Note that increasing the attenuation moves the noise floor closer to the signal level.
Functions and Measurements 3 Decreasing the Resolution Bandwidth Resolution bandwidth settings affect the level of internal noise without affecting the level of continuous wave (CW) signals. Decreasing the RBW by a decade reduces the noise floor by 10 dB. 1 Refer to the first procedure “Reducing Input Attenuation” on page 39 and follow steps 1, 2 and 3.
3 Functions and Measurements Trace Averaging Averaging is a digital process in which each trace point is averaged with the previous average value for the same trace point. Selecting averaging, when the analyzer is auto- coupled, changes the detection mode to Sample, smoothing the displayed noise level. This is a trace processing function and is not the same as using the average detector (as described on page 41).
Functions and Measurements 3 Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy This section provides information on how to improve frequency resolution and accuracy using the frequency counter function. 1 Press 2 Connect a cable from the front panel CAL OUT to RF IN; Preset/ System > Preset (With Preset Type of Factory) Then, Press Preset/ System > Alignment > Align > CAL OUT ON to enable the 50 MHz amplitude reference signal.
3 Functions and Measurements Notice that the readout in the active frequency function changes while the counted frequency result (upper- right corner of display) does not. To get an accurate count, you do not need to place the marker at the exact peak of the signal response. Frequency counter properly functions only on CW signals or discrete spectral components. The marker must be greater than 40 dB above the displayed noise level.
Functions and Measurements 3 Tracking Drifting Signals This section provides information on measuring and tracking signals that drift. Measuring a Source’s Frequency Drift The analyzer allows you to measure the stability of a source. The maximum amplitude level and the frequency drift of an input signal trace can be displayed and held by using the maximum hold function. Using the maximum hold function also allows you to determine how much of the frequency spectrum a signal occupies.
3 Functions and Measurements 5 Turn off the signal track function: Press 6 Frequency > Signal Track (Off) Measure the excursion of the signal with maximum hold: Press View/ Trace > Max Hold As the signal varies, maximum hold maintains the maximum responses of the input signal. Annotation on the left side of the screen indicates the trace mode. For example, M1 S2 S3 indicates trace 1 is in maximum- hold mode, trace 2 and trace 3 are in store- blank mode.
Functions and Measurements 3 Making Distortion Measurements This section provides information on measuring and identifying signal distortion. Identifying Analyzer Generated Distortion High- level input signals may cause analyzer distortion products that could mask the real distortion measured on the input signal. Use trace and the RF attenuator to determine which signals, if any, are internally generated distortion products.
3 Functions and Measurements The signal produces harmonic distortion products (spaced 200 MHz from the original 200 MHz signal) in the analyzer input mixer as shown in Figure 16.
Functions and Measurements 3 Notice the MarkerD amplitude readout. This is the difference of the distortion product amplitude between 0 dB and 10 dB input attenuation settings. If the MarkerΔ absolute amplitude is approximately ≥ 1 dB for an input attenuator change, the analyzer is generating, at least in part, the distortion. The MarkerΔ amplitude readout comes from two sources: 1) Increased input attenuation causes poorer signal- to- noise ratio. This causes the MarkerΔ to be positive.
3 Functions and Measurements Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion Two- tone, third- order intermodulation distortion is a common test in communication systems. When two signals are present in a non- linear system, they may interact and create third- order intermodulation distortion (TOI) products that are located close to the original signals. System components such as amplifiers and mixers generate these distortion products.
Functions and Measurements The coupler should have a high degree of isolation between the two input ports so the sources do not intermodulate. NOTE 2 Set one source (signal generator) to 300 MHz and the other source to 301 MHz, for a frequency separation of 1 MHz. Set the sources equal in amplitude as measured by the analyzer (in this example, they are set to –5 dBm).
3 Functions and Measurements 9 Measure the difference between this test signal and the second distortion product (see Figure 17): Press Marker > Delta > Delta (On) Press Peak Search > Next Peak Figure 17 52 Measuring the Distortion Product N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Functions and Measurements 3 Measuring Phase Noise Phase noise is a frequency domain measure of stability. We specify phase noise as single- sideband power in relation to the fundamental RF output frequency, and measured at various offset frequencies from the carrier, normalized to a one hertz measuring bandwidth. In this example the 50 MHz amplitude reference signal is used as the fundamental signal. 1 Press 2 Connect a cable from the front panel CAL OUT to RF IN. Preset/ System > Preset.
3 Functions and Measurements Stimulus Response Transmission The procedure below describes how to use a built- in tracking generator to measure the rejection of a low pass filter, a type of transmission measurement. 1 To measure the rejection of a low pass filter, connect the equipment as shown in Figure 18. A 370 MHz lowpass filter as the DUT. Figure 18 Transmission Measurement Test Setup N9320A SPECTRU M ANALYZER 9 kHz - 3.
Functions and Measurements 3 To reduce ripples caused by source return loss, use 6 dB or greater output attenuation. Tracking generator output attenuation is normally a function of the source power selected. However, the output attenuation may be controlled in the Tracking Generator menu. NOTE 5 Increase measurement sensitivity and smooth the noise: Press BW/ Avg > Res Bw > 30 > KHz Press BW/ Avg > Video Bw > 300 > KHz A decrease in displayed amplitude is caused by tracking error.
3 Functions and Measurements 9 Measure the rejection of the lowpass filter: Press Marker > Normal > 370 > MHz, Delta > 160> MHz The marker readout displays the rejection of the filter at 130 MHz above the cutoff frequency of the lowpass filter. See Figure 19 as below.
Functions and Measurements 3 Measuring Stop Band Attenuation of a Lowpass Filter When measuring filter characteristics, it is useful to look at the stimulus response over a wide frequency range. Setting the analyzer x- axis (frequency) to display logarithmically provides this function. The following example uses the tracking generator to measure the stop band attenuation of a 370 MHz low pass filter. 1 To measure the response of a low pass filter, connect the equipment as shown in Figure 20.
3 Functions and Measurements 4 Set the resolution bandwidth to 10 kHz: Press BW/ Avg > Res Bw > 10 > KHz Excessive signal input may damage the DUT. Do not exceed the maximum power that the device under test can tolerate. CAUTION 5 Turn on the tracking generator and if necessary, set the output power to - 10 dBm: Press 6 MODE > Tracking Generator > Amplitude TG(On) > -10 > dBm Connect the cable (but not the DUT) from the tracking generator output to the analyzer input.
Functions and Measurements 11 In this example, the attenuation over this frequency range is - 17.98 dB/octave (one octave above the cutoff frequency). 12 Use the front- panel knob to place the marker at the highest peak in the stop band to determine the minimum stop band attenuation. In this example, the peak occurs with Delta of 563 MHz. The attenuation is - 60.93 dB. See Figure 21.
3 Functions and Measurements Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement The following procedure makes a reflection measurement using a coupler or directional bridge to measure the return loss of a filter. This example uses a 370 MHz lowpass filter as the DUT. The calibration standard for reflection measurements is usually a short circuit connected at the reference plane (the point at which the device under test (DUT) is connected.
Functions and Measurements If possible, use a coupler or bridge with the correct test port connector for both calibrating and measuring. Any adapter between the test port and DUT degrades coupler/bridge directivity and system source match. Ideally, you should use the same adapter for the calibration and the measurement. Be sure to terminate the second port of a two port device. NOTE 2 Connect the tracking generator output of the analyzer to the directional bridge or coupler.
3 Functions and Measurements 8 Normalize the trace: Press MODE > Tracking Generator > More > Normalize > Store Ref (1 → 3) > Normalize (On) This activates the trace 1 minus trace 3 function and display the results in trace 1 (Figure 23). The normalized trace or flat line represents 0 dB return loss. Normalization occurs each sweep. Replace the short circuit with the DUT. NOTE Since the reference trace is stored in trace 3, changing trace 3 to Clear Write invalidates the normalization.
Functions and Measurements 3 Measuring Return Loss Using the Reflection Calibration Routine This procedure uses the reflection calibration routine in the proceeding procedure “Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement” on page 60 to calculate the return loss of the 370 MHz lowpass filter. 1 After calibrating the system with the above procedure, reconnect the filter in place of the short circuit without changing any analyzer settings. 2 Use the marker to read return loss.
3 Functions and Measurements Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files The analyzer stores and retrieves data similar as a PC. The analyzer allows you to view and save files in the internal storage or the USB storage device. This section provides information on how to locate catalogs and save a file. Locating and Viewing Files in the Catalog The analyzer has four types of files: State stores analyzer settings. The extension is .STA. Trace stores trace information. The extension is .TRA.
Functions and Measurements 1 3 The entry fields show the parameters for the files viewed: Name states the filename. Type displays the type of files viewed. Path 2 displays the location of the files (Local or USB). There are four column headings in this area of the display: Name displays the filename. Type displays the filename extension (TRA, STA, TRC or JPG). Size displays the size of the file in bytes. Modified 3 displays the date and time the change occurred.
3 Functions and Measurements 4 Select the trace you need (1, 2, 3, 4 or all traces). Assume you need to save trace 3: Press Source > Trace 3 5 Enter a filename by pressing Name. Assume you name the file “TEST1”. (The numeric keypad is also available for the filename.) Pressing Enter will terminate the entering and return to the Save menu. The filename is composed of alpha (A- Z) or numeric (0- 9) in any combination. The analyzer will not allow you to overwrite an existing file.
Functions and Measurements 4 3 Using the knob or arrow keys to highlight the file you need. And then select the trace into which you wish to load the file. Assume you need to load file TEST1.TRC into Trace 2: Press Destination > Trace 2. 5 Press Load Now to load the specified file. The status bar displays: “Local/TEST1.TRC file loaded”. Screen files cannot be loaded, which are just used in PC applications.
3 68 Functions and Measurements N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 4 Key Reference This chapter describes each front panel hardkey and associated softkeys. The front panel keys in this chapter are listed alphabetically. The lower level softkeys are arranged as they appear in your analyzer menus.
4 Key Reference Amplitude Press Amplitude activates the reference level function and accesses the amplitude softkeys. Ref Level Sets the reference level. This function is activated when Amplitude is pressed. The reference level is the amplitude power or voltage represented by the top line of the graticule on the display. Setting the reference level changes the absolute amplitude level (in the selected amplitude units) of the top graticule line.
Key Reference Int Preamp On Off (Option PA3) Toggles the internal pre- amplifier function between on and off. Pressing Int Preamp (On) results in a correction being applied to compensate for the gain of the preamp. Amplitude readings then represent the signal value at the input connector. When the preamp is on, a “PA” indication appears on the left side of the display. The preamp operates over a range of 100 kHz to 3 GHz.
4 Key Reference signal level at the input of the preamplifier. The preamplifier gain offset is displayed at the top of the screen and is removed by entering zero. The preamplifier gain offset can only be entered using the numeric keypad. The preamplifier gain value is not affected by an instrument preset or a power cycle.
Key Reference 4 Auto Tune Activates the autotune function to view the signal, This hardkey functions as following description: NOTE 1 Run Peak Search in full span 2 Run Mkr -> CF 3 Select the appropriate reference level according to the amplitude of searching signal. 4 Set span to 1 MHz and all auto couple to view the signal. The Auto Tune functions in the frequency range of 5 MHz to 3 GHz. The minimum detectable amplitude is –65 dBm.
4 Key Reference Back
Key Reference 4 BW/Avg Activates the resolution bandwidth function and accesses the softkeys that control the bandwidth functions and averaging. Res BW Auto Man Changes the 3 dB resolution bandwidth of the analyzer from 10 Hz to 3 MHz using the knob or arrow keys. When under 1 kHz, the available bandwidth is 10, 30, 100 Hz or 300 Hz. If you enter an invalid bandwidth using the numeric keypad, the analyzer uses the closest available bandwidth.
4 Key Reference Figure 1 VBW/RBW Ratio Auto Rules Yes Is Detector peak or Negative peak? Is Trace Average On? Yes Ratio=10 No No Ratio=1 No Is Detector Sample? Is Avg Type Power? Yes Ratio=10 No Yes Ratio=1 Is Avg Type Power? No Ratio=1 Yes Is Trace Average On? Yes Ratio=10 No Ratio=1 Key access: Average On Off BW/ Avg Initiates a digital averaging routine that averages the trace points in a number of successive sweeps resulting in trace “smoothing”.
Key Reference 4 When in continuous sweep mode, the specified number of averages is taken, then the averaging continues with each 1 - and the new sweep averaged in with a weight of ----------------------------AverageNumber old average reduced by multiplying it by 1 AverageNumber – ------------------------------ . AverageNumber To turn averaging off, press Average (Off). Key access: Avg Type Auto Man BW/ Avg Toggles the average type between automatic and manual.
4 Key Reference Det/Display Press this hardkey to control detector and display functions. Detector Auto Man Selects a specific detector, or allows to pick the appropriate detector (through Auto) for a particular measurement. When discussing detectors, it is important to understand what is a trace “bucket”. For every trace point displayed, there is a finite time during which the data for that point is collected.
Key Reference 4 When the detector sets to Auto, Pressing BW/ > Average (On) Avg changes the detector. The Auto choice depends on marker functions, trace functions, and the trace averaging function. If a marker function or measurement is running, the Auto choice of detector is either Average or Sample. When one of the detectors (such as Average) is manually selected instead of Auto, that detector is used without regard to other analyzer settings. • Average displays the power average in the bucket.
4 Key Reference Active Fctn Position Average Video RMS measures the average value of the amplitude across each trace interval (bucket). When Average is selected, “Avg” appears on the left corner. Key access: Det/ Display > Detector Auto Man Sample Sample detection is used primarily to display noise or noise- like signals. It should not be used to measure the accurate amplitude of non noise- like signals. In sample mode, the instantaneous signal value of the present display point is placed in memory.
Key Reference Display Line On Off Activates an adjustable horizontal line that is used as a visual reference line. The line, which can be used for trace arithmetic, has amplitude values that correspond to its vertical position when compared to the reference level. The value of the display line appears in the active function block and on the left side of the display. Use the arrow keys, knob, or numeric keypad to adjust the display line.
4 Key Reference Test On Off Toggles the testing of the limit lines between on and off. If trace 1 is at or within the bounds of the set limit or margin, “Limit_# Pass” or “Margin_# Pass” is displayed in the upper left corner of the measurement area limit line. Only positive/negative margins are allowed for lower/upper limits. If the trace is out of the limit or margin boundaries, “Limit_# Failed” or “Margin_# Failed” is displayed. Either Limit or Margin must be turned on for test.
Key Reference 4 Frequency Edits the frequency value for a limit point. After editing, the limit table will place the frequency or time in correct order. For a new point, Amplitude defaults to 0 dBm and Connected defaults to Yes. Key access: Det/ Display > Limits > Limit 1/2 > Edit Amplitude Sets the amplitude value for the current point. Key access: Det/ Display > Limits > Limit 1/2 > Edit Connected To Previous Pt Yes No Determines whether the current point will be connected to the previous point.
4 Key Reference Enter Terminates a front- panel keypad numeric entry and enters that value into the analyzer. (For most applications, it is better to use the units softkeys to terminate value entry.) When in File menu, the [Enter] key is used to terminate filename entries.
Key Reference 4 File Accesses the softkeys that allow you to manage the file system of the analyzer. Refer to “Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files” on page 64, for more information. Catalog Displays all files located on the selected catalog, depending upon the preferences set under the Type and Sort keys defined below. Key access: File/ Print Type Sort N9320A Spectrum Analyzer selects all types or one type of file(s) for viewing.
4 Key Reference Save 86 Local Accesses the internal storage of the analyzer. Key access: File/ > Catalog Print USB Accesses the external USB storage device. Key access: File/ > Catalog Print Accesses menu keys that allow you to save analyzer screen, states, traces and limits data to a USB storage device or internal storage. Key access: File/ Print Save Now Executes the save function. When completed, the message “local(USB)/XXX file saved” (where XXX is the filename) will appear in the status bar.
Key Reference Limits Source 4 Displays all previously saved limits files (.LIM) and detects the current limits in preparation to save them in a file (.LIM). Limits provide data sets to determine whether a trace has exceeded preset specifications. Key access: File/ > Save > Type Print When Type is Trace, you can save trace 1, 2, 3 or 4 along with state. All Traces saves all traces in a single file, along with the state. When Type is Limits, Source accesses the Limit 1 and 2 softkeys.
4 Key Reference Sort State Displays all state files for your load (.STA). Loading a state restores most settings to the saved values. Key access: File/ > Load > Type Print Trace Displays all trace files (.TRA) for your load. Load traces individually or as a group. Loading a trace also loads the current state, and sets the trace to view mode. Key access: File/ > Load > Type Print Limits Displays all limits files for your load to determine whether a trace has exceeded preset specifications (.LIM).
Key Reference Delete Now Executes the delete function. After a successful delete, the message “local(USB)/XXX file deleted” (where XXX is the filename) appears in the status bar on the display. Key access: File/ > Delete Print Type Selects the type of file to delete. Key access: File/ > Delete Print Sort Copy All Displays all files for deletion. Key access: File/ > Delete > Type Print Screen Displays screen files for deletion.
4 Key Reference Type Select the type of file to copy. Key access: All File/ Print > Copy Displays all files for your copy. Key access: Screen > Copy > Type File/ Print > Copy > Type File/ Print > Copy > Type Sorts the files according to a file attribute for you copy, including By Date, By Name and Order Up Down. Order (Up) displays files in ascending order. Order (Down) displays files in descending order. Key access: 90 File/ Print Displays all limits files for your copy.
Key Reference 4 Frequency Press Frequency activates the center frequency function, and accesses the menu of frequency functions. The center frequency, or start and stop frequency values appear below the graticule on the display. NOTE Center Freq When changing both the center frequency and span, change the frequency first since the frequency value can limit the span. Activates the center frequency function and sets the horizontal center of the display to a specific frequency.
4 Key Reference Signal Track On Off Moves the signal that is nearest to the active marker to the center of the display and keeps the signal there. “ST” appears in the lower- left corner of the display. Pressing Signal Track (Off); Preset/ System > Preset (Preset Type set to Factory); or Marker > All Off turns off the signal track function. Setting signal track on and reducing the span initiates an automatic zoom and reduces the span in steps, so that the signal remains at the center of the display.
Key Reference 4 Marker Accesses the marker control softkeys that select the type and number of markers. Markers are diamond- shaped characters that identify points of traces. Up to twelve pairs of markers may appear on the display simultaneously; only one pair can be controlled at a time. Select Marker Normal Selects one of the twelve possible markers. A marker that has already been selected will become active.
4 Key Reference Use the data control keys to position the delta marker. Annotation in the active function block and in the upper- right corner indicates the frequency/time and amplitude differences between the two markers. Delta (Off) moves the reference marker to the active marker position, allowing you to make delta measurement from differing reference points without having to turn off the markers and begin again.
Key Reference All Off Function Turns off all of the markers, including markers used for signal track. This also removes marker annotation. Key access: Marker Accesses the marker function softkeys listed below. Key access: Marker Freq Counter NOTE Accesses the frequency counter function. Key access: Marker > Function Freq Counter On Off Toggles the frequency counter function between on and off.
4 Key Reference Optimize Phase Noise NOTE This softkey is valid only when span fall in the range of 100 Hz and 100 kHz. Once enable this softkey, 1st LO Loop filter bandwidth will be changed from 5 kHz or so to 120- 150 kHz automatically, which optimizes the phase noise close in to the carrier. Key access: Marker > Function > Phase Noise Optimize Phase noise (On) will worsen phase noise far away from the carrier.
Key Reference 4 Marker-> Press Mkr Mkr Marker accesses the following marker function softkeys: CF Sets the frequency of the marker to the center frequency. In delta mode, Mkr CF sets the center frequency to the marker delta value. Mkr CF is not available in zero span. Key access: Marker CF Step Changes the center- frequency step size to match the value of the active marker. Press Frequency > CF Step to view the step size.
4 Key Reference Meas In the Spectrum Analyer mode (see MODE), Meas key displays a menu for measurements such as adjacent channel power, occupied bandwidth, channel power, spectrum emission mask and TOI. Refer to Chapter 5, “One- Button Measurements” for more information about these measurements. Press Measure Off to turn the measurement off.
Key Reference 4 MODE Selects the measurement mode of your analyzer. Spectrum Analyser mode is the default mode and is for general purpose measurement use. . Spectrum Analyzer Selects the spectrum analysis measurement mode for your analyzer. Key access: Tracking Generator N9320A Spectrum Analyzer MODE Accesses the tracking generator functions. (Option TG3) Key access: MODE Amplitude TG On Off Activates (On) or deactivates (Off) the output power of the tracking generator.
4 Key Reference Amptd Step Allows you to set the step size of the power level Auto Man range of the tracking generator. The default setting is one vertical scale division when in a logarithmic amplitude scale. Key access: MODE > Tracking Generator Power Sweep Sweep the output offset of the tracking generator. The analyzer continues to sweep the linear change between strat and stop frequency when power sweep is on. The input range is 0 dB to 10 dB.
Key Reference 4 with a tracking generator. For example, connect the cables and a thru line, in place of the device to be measured, between the tracking generator and the analyzer input. Notice that the frequency response is not perfectly flat, showing the response of the cables, as well as the flatness of both the tracking generator and the analyzer. Now press Store Ref (1->3), Normalize (On). Notice that the displayed trace is now flat, or normalized.
4 Key Reference Ref Trace View Blank Tracking Peak Allows you to view or blank the reference trace on the display. Key access: MODE > Tracking Generator > More > Normalize Activates a routine that automatically adjusts fine frequency tracking to obtain the peak response of the tracking generator on the spectrum analyzer display. Tracking Peak is performed in the current resolution bandwidth.
Key Reference 4 Peak Search Places a marker on the highest peak based on the settings of the “Search Criteria” on page 104. Refer to “Peak Search Type” on page 105, for more information on the effect of settings. NOTE Peak Search All peak search functions ignore the LO feed through. The process for determining if the Peak is the LO feed through takes into account Start Frequency, Span, Resolution Bandwidth, Resolution Bandwidth shape factor, and Frequency Accuracy.
4 Key Reference Min Search Moves the active marker to the minimum detected amplitude. Key access: Peak Search Pk-Pk Search Finds and displays the frequency (or time, if in zero span) and amplitude differences between the highest and lowest trace points.
Key Reference Peak Excursion NOTE 4 Sets the minimum amplitude variation of signals that the marker identifies as a peak. If a value of 10 dB is selected, the marker moves only to peaks that rise and fall more than 10 dB above the peak threshold value. When the peak excursion is 6 dB of higher, Two signal peaks, which are so close together that the amplitude drop between them is less than the peak-excursion value, are not recognized as two peaks.
4 Key Reference Max Value A Peak search with Max Value type places a marker on the highest peak, excluding the LO feedthrough peak. Key access: Peak Search > More > Search Criteria > Peak Search Type Excursion & When Peak Search Type is Excursion & Threshol Threshold, a peak search places a marker on a peak that meets the Peak Excursion and Peak Threshold parameters.
Key Reference 4 Preset/System Accesses the Preset and System softkeys. When the analyzer is in the remote mode, pressing Preset/ System returns the analyzer to the local mode and enables front- panel control. Preset Provides a known state of the instrument for making measurements. The analyzer allows you to select whether a user preset, or factory preset is performed.
4 Key Reference Factory Preset State 108 Attenuation 20 dB(Auto) Average Type Video (Auto) Center frequency 1.
Key Reference Pwr on/Preset Accesses the following softkeys for the preset settings. Key access: Preset/ System Power on Last Preset Determines the state of the analyzer when the analyzer is turned on. Power On set to Preset recalls the analyzer settings previously with the Preset function. Power On set to Last recalls the analyzer settings when previously power off. Key access: Preset/ System > Pwr on/Preset Preset Type Selects User or Factory preset settings.
4 Key Reference CAL OUT On Off Language 110 Turns the internal amplitude reference signal on or off. When this signal is on, the RF input is disabled. Key access: Preset/ System > Alignment > Align Timebase verifies the settability of the 10 MHz reference and to adjust for changed operating conditions, such as temperature.
Key Reference Show Errors Time/Date N9320A Spectrum Analyzer 4 Accesses a list of the last 100 errors reported. The most recent error will appear at the bottom of the list. The first error listed will be removed firstly if the error list is longer than 20 entries. If the same error occurs continuously, the same error message will not be added to the list. Refer to “Instrument Messages” on page 135 for details.
4 Key Reference Licensing Brightness 112 Accesses the security system to enable licensing for individual options. There is no way to turn off an option through this system. Once an option has been licensed for a given analyzer, it cannot be transferred to a different analyzer. Key access: Preset/ System > More > More Option Allows you to key in a three- character option number. The option number will appear on the second line of the Option key.
Key Reference 4 SPAN Activates the span function and accesses the submenu of span functions. Pressing Span changes the frequency range symmetrically about the center frequency. The frequency- span readout describes the total displayed frequency range. To determine frequency span per horizontal graticule division (when the frequency scale type is set to linear), divide the frequency span by 10. Span Enters a span frequency range value.
4 Key Reference Sweep/Trig Accesses the following softkeys to provide selection of the sweep mode and trigger mode of the analyzer: Sweep Time Auto Man Selects the length of time the analyzer takes to tune across the displayed frequency span (or, in zero span, the time the analyzer takes to sweep the full screen). Reducing the sweep time increases the sweep rate. Change the sweep time by using the arrow keys, the knob, or the numeric keypad.
Key Reference Free Run New sweep starts as soon as possible after the current sweep ends. Key access: Video External Pos N9320A Spectrum Analyzer > More Sweep/ Trig > More Sets the trigger polarity to negative. Sweep/ Trig > More Allows you to set and turn on or off an offset value from the trigger point of the sweep at which to begin storing data in the trace of the analyzer.
4 Key Reference View/Trace Accesses the trace keys to store and manipulate trace information. Each trace consists of a series of points in which amplitude data is stored. The analyzer updates the information for any active trace with each sweep. Select Trace 1234 Clear Write Selects the trace for current use. Key access: Erases any data previously stored in the selected trace, then continuously displays any signals during each sweep of the analyzer.
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 5 One-Button Measurements Channel Power Occupied BW ACP 118 120 123 Intermod (TOI) 126 Spectrum Emission Mask 128 This chapter provides you with functional descriptions of all available measurements when you press the front- panel Meas hardkey (Spectrum Analyer is selected). We assume that you understand the front and rear panel layout, and display annotations of the analyzer. If you do not, please refer to “Agilent N9320A at a Glance” on page 2.
5 One-Button Measurements Channel Power Channel Power measures the power and power spectral density in the specified channel bandwidth. One white frame on the display indicates the edges of the channel bandwidth. You need to set the center frequency, reference level, and channel bandwidth. The power calculation method used to determine the channel power is a traditional method known as the integration bandwidth (IBW) method. A swept spectrum is used as the basis for this calculation.
One-Button Measurements 5 Avg Number On Off Specifies the number of measurement averages used when calculating the measurement result with Avg Number (On). The range of the number is from 1 to 1000. Use the knob, the arrow keys or the numeric keypad to set the number. The average will be displayed at the end of each sweep. Selecting Off disables measurement averaging. Key access: Meas > Channel Power Avg Mode Exp Repeat Toggles the average mode between Exp or Repeat.
5 One-Button Measurements Occupied BW Occupied Bandwidth integrates the power of the displayed spectrum. The power- bandwidth routine first computes the power of all signal contained in the trace, then calculates the span which contains the power of a selected percentage. The percentage value defaults to 99% of the occupied bandwidth power. For 99% occupied power bandwidth, Markers are placed at the frequencies on either side of 99% of the power. 1% of the power is evenly distributed outside the markers.
One-Button Measurements 5 is defined as the difference between the (f1 + f2)/2 and the tuned center frequency of the signal. NOTE To get the right measurement result, you need to set the center frequency, reference level, and channel spacing first. Avg Number On Off Select On to specify the number of measurement averages used when calculating the measurement result. The average is displayed at the end of each sweep. Select Off to disable measurement averaging. The range is from 1 to 1000.
5 One-Button Measurements OBW Span Specifies the range of integration used in calculating the total power from which the percent occupied bandwidth is then calculated. The analyzer span will be set to the same value as the OBW Span for the measurement. OBW Span should be set to approximately 2 times the expected occupied bandwidth result. The range is from 100 Hz to 3 GHz.
One-Button Measurements 5 ACP Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) measures the power present in adjacent transmit channels. The span is automatically set according to the six available offsets and their associated integration bandwidths defined by you. Figure 30 Avg Number On Off Avg Mode Exp Repeat Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Pressing On specifies the number of measurements that will be averaged when calculating the measurement result. The average will be displayed at the end of each sweep.
5 One-Button Measurements weights new data more than old data, which facilitates tracking of slow- changing signals. The average is displayed at the end of each sweep. When you select Repeat, after reaching the average count, all previous data is cleared and the average count is back to 1. Key access: Meas > ACP Chan Integ BW Specifies the range of integration used in calculating the power in the main channel. Use the knob and the arrow keys to set the bandwidth.
One-Button Measurements Meas Type 5 Specifies the reference for the measurement, either Total Pwr Ref or PSD Ref. Relative values are displayed referenced to either the total power (Total Pwr Ref) or the power spectral density (PSD Ref) measured in the main channel. Key access: Meas > ACP Method IBW RBW Total Pwr Ref (PSD Ref) Auto Man Enables you to select the measurement method.
5 One-Button Measurements Intermod (TOI) The third order intermodulation (TOI) measurement computes and displays the output intercept point (IP3), and places arrows upon the trace to indicate the measured signals and third- order products. Figure 31 TOI Measurement Avg Number On Off Set Avg Number to On to specify the number of measurement averages used when calculating the measurement result. The average will be displayed at the end of each sweep.
One-Button Measurements 5 When Avg Mode is Repeat, after reaching the average count, all previous data is cleared and the average count is back to 1. Key access: Meas > More> Intermod (TOI) TOI Span Specifies the frequency span in which intermodulation products are measured. If you modify the value of span in the base instrument Span menu, the value in the Intermod (TOI) menu will be updated to reflect the new value, and the measurement will restart if it is running.
5 One-Button Measurements Spectrum Emission Mask Spectrum Emission Mask measurement includes the in- band and out- of- band spurious emissions. As it applies to W- CDMA (3GPP), this is the power contained in a specified frequency bandwidth at certain offsets relative to the total carrier power. It may also be expressed as a ratio of power spectral densities between the carrier and the specified offset frequency band.
One-Button Measurements Ref Channel 5 Total Pwr Ref When Total Pwr Ref is selected, the power in the carrier is used as the reference in computing the relative power values for the offsets. Key access: Meas > More > Spectrum Emission Mask > Meas Type PSD Ref When PSD Ref is selected, the mean power spectral density of the carrier is used in computing the relative power spectral density values for the offsets.
5 One-Button Measurements Total Pwr Ref (PSD Ref) Auto Man Offset/Limits Table 1 Displays the type of power measurement reference selected by Meas Type. Total Pwr Ref is the power in the carrier that is used as the reference in computing the relative power values for the offsets. When Man is selected, this can be set by the user. When Auto is selected, this is the measured power in the reference carrier.
One-Button Measurements Table 2 5 Offsets & Limits Defaulted for W-CDMA (3GPP) Mobile Station Measurementsa Offset Start Freq (MHz) Stop Freq (MHz) Res BW (kHz) Abs Start (dBm) Abs Stop (dBm) Rel Couple Rel Start (dBc) Rel Stop (dBc) Meas BW A. On 2.515 3.485 30.00 -71.07 -71.07 Man -35.23 -49.78 1 B. On 4.000 7.500 1000.0 -55.84 -55.84 Man -35.50 -39.00 1 C. On 7.500 8.500 1000.00 -55.84 -55.84 Man -39.00 -49.00 1 D. On 8.500 12.000 1000.00 -55.84 -55.
5 One-Button Measurements Table 4 Offsets & Limits Defaulted for 802.11b Radio Standarda Offset Start Freq (MHz) Stop Freq (MHz) Abs Start (dBm) Abs Stop (dBm) Rel Start (dBc) Rel Stop (dBc) Meas BW A. On 11.00 22.00 -10.00 -10.00 -30.00 -30.00 1 B. On 22.00 50.00 -30.00 -30.00 -50.00 -50.00 1 C. Off 50.00 70.00 -30.00 -30.00 -50.00 -50.00 1 D. Off 70.00 90.00 -30.00 -30.00 -50.00 -50.00 1 E. Off 90.00 100.00 -30.00 -30.00 -50.00 -50.00 1 a.
One-Button Measurements 5 Res BW Auto Man Specifies the resolution bandwidth used in measuring the offset pair. When set to Auto, the Res BW from the default tables for “Offset/Limits” on page 130 are used. When set to Man, the allowed range is 1 kHz to 1MHz. Key access: Meas > More > Spectrum Emission Mask > Offset/Limits Abs Start Enables you to enter an absolute level limit at Start Freq for the currently selected offset ranging from –200.00 to +50.00 dBm with 4 significant digits.
5 One-Button Measurements Absolute Sets the limit test to show Fail if one offset is larger than the corresponding limit for Abs Start and/or Abs Stop. This is the default selection for each offset for BTS measurements. Key access: Meas > More> Spectrum Emission Mask > Offset/Limits > More > More > Fail Mask Relative Sets the limit test to show Fail if one offsets spectrum emission mask measurement results is larger than the corresponding limit for Rel Start and/or Rel Stop.
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 6 Instrument Messages Overview 136 Command Errors 137 Execution Conflict Device-Specific Errors s 139 141 135
6 Instrument Messages Overview If an improper operation occurs during the instrument configuration, an message will appear on the status line. indicating the incident and the how the spectrum analyzer corrected the setting automatically. You need to press Preset/ System > More > Show errors to read the specific descriptions of those messages. Example In this example, an explanation is generally included with each error to further clarify its meaning.
Instrument Messages 6 Command Errors The messages listed below are command errors, which are saved into local registers. -100 Command error An unrecognized command or data type was encountered. This message is used when the device cannot detect more specifics described for errors - 101 to - 109. -101 Invalid character A syntactic element contains an invalid character. -102 Syntax error An unrecognized command or data type was encountered.
6 138 Instrument Messages -112 Program mnemonic too long The header contains more than 12 characters. -113 Undefined header The header is correct in syntax, but it is undefined for this device. -128 Numeric data not allowed A legal numeric data element was received, but the device does not accept one in this position for the header. -130 Suffix error This error is generated when parsing a suffix. This message is used when the device cannot detect more specifics described for errors - 131 to - 139.
Instrument Messages 6 Execution Conflict The system messages listed below are execution conflicts, indicating settings conflict during your operation. -200 Execution Error This is the generic syntax error for devices that cannot detect more specific errors. -222 Data out of range A legal program data element was parsed but could not be executed because the interpreted value was outside the legal range defined by the device. The displayed results may be clipped.
6 140 Instrument Messages -330 Self-test failed A self- test failure occurred. Report this error to Agilent Technologies. -340 calibration failed An expected file was not found while trying to load internal calibration.
Instrument Messages 6 Device-Specific Errors 102 Set 50 MHz signal < 0 dBm, do alignment again There is too much 50 MHz energy at the RF port for alignments to run. Reduce input power to less than 0 dBm and run alignments again. 104 1st LO Unlock The first LO on has lost phase lock. Report this error to the nearest Agilent Technologies sales or service office. 105 2nd LO Unlock The second LO has lost phase lock. Report this error to the nearest Agilent Technologies sales or service office.
6 Instrument Messages 215 TG start freq is less than 1/2 res bw Tracking generator uncalibrated at start frequencies below 1/2 the current resolution bandwidth. 224 Option not licensed The selected option requires a license. Refer to the installation procedures in the user guide provided for this particular option. 238 VBW filter or Average Detector cannot use both 501 RF over load Either increase input attenuation or decrease the input signal level.
Instrument Messages 6 652 Connect CAL OUT to RF IN you must connect the CAL OUT to RF IN with the appropriate cable. 751 Instrument state set to initial values While trying to load a trace or state, the state information was found to be in error. This may be because the state had been stored on a later revision of analyzer firmware. A default set of state variables was loaded instead. There is nothing wrong with the analyzer.
6 Instrument Messages 767 Fatal LDS error Attempt to initialize the instrument state has failed. Cycle instrument power. If this fails to correct the problem, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies service center. 768 Unable to load user state Attempt to load a state failed, because the state was saved with a measurement personality that is not currently loaded. Load the appropriate personality and try again.
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 7 In Case of Difficulty Check the Basics Read the Warranty 146 147 Contact Agilent Technologies 148 This chapter includes information on how to check for a problem with your spectrum analyzer, and how to contact Agilent Technologies for service.
7 In Case of Difficulty Check the Basics Before calling Agilent Technologies, or returning an analyzer for service, perform the quick checks listed below. This check may eliminate the problem. • Is there power at the receptacle? • Is the analyzer turned on? Listen for internal fan noise to determine if the analyzer cooling fan is running. Feel the rear side of the analyzer for air flow.
In Case of Difficulty 7 Read the Warranty Agilent Technologies provide one year warranty as standard for your spectrum analyzer. The warranty information for your spectrum analyzer is in the back of Technical Overview. Please read it and be familiar with its terms. If your spectrum analyzer is covered by a separate maintenance agreement, please be familiar with its terms. Agilent Technologies offers several optional maintenance plans to service your spectrum analyzer after its warranty has expired.
7 In Case of Difficulty Contact Agilent Technologies Agilent Technologies has offices around the world to provide you with complete support for your source. To obtain servicing information or to order replacement parts, contact the Agilent Technologies customer contact center listed below. In any correspondence or telephone conversations, refer to your spectrum analyzer by its product number and full serial number, press Preset/ System > More > Show System Online help: http://www.agilent.
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 8 Menu Maps This chapter provides a visual representation of the front panel keys and their associated menu keys (in Spectrum Analyzer mode). Refer to Chapter 4, “Key Reference” for key function descriptions. The name editor menu is shown separately, though it is accessed when entering data for many keys. The front- panel key menus appear in alphabetical order as follows.
8 Menu Maps Amplitude Menu Amplitude Ref Level Y Axis Units > Attenuation Auto Man dBmV Scale/Div dBuV Scale Type Log Lin dBuA > Int Preamp On Off More 1 of 2 150 dBm Watts Volts More 2 of 2 Amps N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Menu Maps 8 BW/Avg Menu BW/ Avg Res BW Auto Man Auto Video BW Auto Man Video Avg VBW/RBW Auto Man Pwr Avg Average On Off Avg Type > Auto Man N9320A Spectrum Analyzer 151
8 Menu Maps Det/Display Menu Det/ Display Detector > Auto Man Top Auto Center Positive Peak Bottom Negative Peak Active Fctn Position> Average Video RMS Display Line On Off Sample Normal Limits > Limit 1 > Type Upper Lower Point Limit 2 > Limit On Off Frequency Test On Off Amplitude Margin On Off Connected Yes No Edit > 152 Delete All Limits Delete Limit Delete Point Return Return Return N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Menu Maps 8 File Menu (1 of 2) File Catalog> Save Type> Load Sort> By Date All By Name Screen State Delete> Copy Trace Local Up Order Down Limits USB Return Save Now Type> Screen Return Delete Now By Date Type> By Name State Source Trace Source> Name Limits Name Return N9320A Spectrum Analyzer Return Up Order Down Return 153
8 Menu Maps File Menu (2 of 2) File Catalog Load Now By Date Save> Type> By Name Load> Sort> State Delete> Destination> Trace Copy> Up Return Order Down Limits Return a. Copy Now By Date All Trace 1 Limit 1 Type> By Name Screen Trace 2 Limit 2 State Trace 3 Trace Trace 4 Sort> Up Return Order Down Limits Return a. The path is depend on the Type selection.
Menu Maps 8 Frequency Menu Frequency Center Freq Start Freq Stop Freq CF Step Auto Man Signal Track On Off N9320A Spectrum Analyzer 155
8 Menu Maps Marker Menu Marker Select Marker > 1,2,3…12 Freq Counter > Normal Delta > Phase Noise > Off Opti F Noise On Off Freq Counter On Off Delta On Off Resolution Auto Man Delta Pair Ref Delta Span Pair Span Center All Off Funtion > More 1 of 2 Return Select Marker > 1 On Phase Noise On Off -30KHz Offset 30kHz Marker Trace Auto 1 2 3 4 Off Offset Manual -50KHz Offset 50kHz Prev Page Next Page 156 Return Offset 1kHz Offset -100KHz 100kHz -10KHz Offset 10kHz -1MHz -20KHz
Menu Maps 8 Marker-> Menu Marker -> Mkr-> CF Mkr-> CF Step Mkr-> Start Mkr-> Stop Mkr-> Ref Lvl N9320A Spectrum Analyzer 157
8 Menu Maps Measure Menu (1 of 2) Meas X dB Avg Number On Off Measure Off Avg Number On Off Channel Power Avg Mode Exp Repeat Avg Mode Exp Repeat Occupied BW > Max Hold On Off Integ BW ACP > Occ BW% Pwr Chan Pwr Span > OBW Span More 1 of 2 More More Return Return Offset ABCDEF Avg Number On Off Intermod > (TOI) Avg Mode Exp Repeat Method IBW RBW Offset Freq On Off Chan Integ BW Total Pwr/PSD Auto Man Ref BW Limits Off Pos Offset Limits Offset/Limits > Spectrum Emission Mask
Menu Maps 8 Measure Menu (2 of 2) Meas Measure Off Avg Number On Off Total Pwr Ref Channel Power Avg Mode Exp Repeat PSD Ref > Chan Integ BW Absolute Chan Span Relative Occupied BW > TOI Span Sweep Time Auto Man Abs AND Rel ACP > Max Mixer Lvl Auto Man Res BW Auto Man Abs OR Rel Total Ref More 1 of 2 Intermod > (TOI) Return Return Avg Number On Off Offset ABCDEF Offset ABCDEF Offset ABCDEF Meas Type > Start Freq On Off Abs Start Fail Mask > Ref Channel > Stop Freq Abs St
8 Menu Maps MODE Menu MODE 160 Spectrum Analyzer AmplitudeTG On Off Tracking Generator > Attenuation Auto Man Power Sweep On Off Store Ref (1->3) Normalize On Off Amptd Offset On Off Normalize > Norm Ref Lvl Amptd Step Auto Man Tracking Peak Norm Ref Posn Man Track Adj Ref Trace View Blank More 1 of 2 More 2 of 2 Return Return Return N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Menu Maps 8 Name editor Menu Name ABCDEFG HIJKLMN OPQRSTU VWXYZ Return N9320A Spectrum Analyzer 161
8 Menu Maps Peak Search Menu Peak Search Peak Search Peak Excursion Max Value Next Peak Peak Threshold Excursion & Threshold Next Pk Right Threshold Hidden Next Pk Left Peak Search Type > Min Search Pk-Pk Search More 1 of 2 Return Continuous Pk On Off N dB Points On Off Peak Table On Off Peak Sort Freq Amptd Search Criteria > Peak Table > More 2 of 2 162 Return N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Menu Maps 8 Preset/System Menu Preset/ System Preset Alignment> Align (Ext Cable) Power On Last Preset Pwr on/Preset > Preset Type> Alignment > Save User Preset Language> Timebase Load defaults CAL OUT On Off Return Return Return English User Diagnostics> More 1 of 3 Show System Factory Show Hardware Show Software Show Errors> Front Panel Test Time/Date> More 2 of 3 Return Licensing > Option Time/Date On Off Prev Page License Key Date Format MDY DMY Next Page Activate Licen
8 Menu Maps SPAN Menu SPAN Span Full Span Zero Span Last Span 164 N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Menu Maps 8 Sweep/Trig Menu Sweep/ Trig Sweep Time Auto Man Free Run Sweep Single Video Sweep Cont External Pos External Neg More 1 of 2 N9320A Spectrum Analyzer More 2 of 2 165
8 Menu Maps View/Trace Menu View/ Trace Select Trace > 1 Trace 1 Clear Write Trace 2 Max Hold Trace 3 Min Hold Trace 4 View Blank 166 N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Index Numerics 10 MHz REF OUT, 8 3GPP W-CDMA, 130 802.11a, 131 802.
Index M Marker key, 4, 93 Marker Table, 96 Marker-> key, 4, 97 Max Mixer lvl, 127 Meas key, 4, 98, 117 measuring ACP, 123 channel power, 118 disortion, 47 distortion, 47 low-level signal, 39 multiple signals, 30 occupied BW, 120 SEM, 128 source’s frequency drift, 45 TOI, 50, 126 measuring phase noise, 53 menu maps, 149 messages, 21 Min Search, 104 MODE key, 4, 99 N N dB Points, 104 Next Peak, 103 O occupied BW, 120 Offset/Limits, 124, 130 options, 12 enable, 22 licensing, 112 TG3, 5 order list, 12 P Pea
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