Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide
Notices © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2006 Warranty No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws. The material contained in this document is provided “as is,” and is subject to being changed, without notice, in future editions.
In This User’s Guide… This guide contains operation information for the N9320A Spectrum Analyzer. The following are descriptions of the chapters within this book. 1 Overview A description of the front and rear panels. 2 Getting Started Unpacking and setting up the analyzer. 3 Functions and Measurements How to use the basic applications of the analyzer. 4 Key Reference Front- panel hardkey descriptions and the related softkeys menu functions.
N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Contents 1 Overview 1 Agilent N9320A at a Glance Front Panel Overview 4 Rear Panel Overview 9 2 Front and rear panel safety and compliance symbols 2 Getting Started 11 Check the Shipment and Order List Power Requirements 13 Environmental Requirements Safety Notice 12 15 18 Electrostatic Discharge Protection Power on and Check 20 Some helpful Tips 22 Running Internal Alignments Enable the Options 22 Using an External Reference Firmware Revision 23 Remote Control 3 22 23 24 Functions and
Contents Measuring a Low-Level Signal 39 Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy Tracking Drifting Signals 46 Making Distortion Measurements Measuring Phase Noise 44 48 54 Stimulus Response Transmission 55 Measuring Stop Band Attenuation of a Lowpass Filter Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement 58 61 Measuring Return Loss Using the Reflection Calibration Routine 64 Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files 4 Key Reference 71 Amplitude 72 Auto Tune 75 Back <- 76 BW/Avg 77 Det/Displ
Contents Preset/System SPAN 5 111 117 Sweep/Trig 118 View/Trace 120 One-Button Measurements Channel Power 122 Occupied BW ACP 124 127 Intermod (TOI) 130 Spectrum Emission Mask 6 132 Instrument Messages Overview 139 140 Command Errors 141 Execution Conflict 143 Device-Specific Errors 7 145 In Case of Difficulty Check the Basics 149 150 Read the Warranty 151 Contact Agilent Technologies 8 Menu Maps 153 Amplitude Menu BW/Avg Menu Det/Display Menu File Menu (1 of 2) N9320A User
Contents File Menu (2 of 2) 158 Frequency Menu Marker Menu 159 160 Marker-> Menu 161 Measure Menu (1 of 2) 162 Measure Menu (2 of 2) 163 MODE Menu 164 Name editor Menu 165 Peak Search Menu 166 Preset/System Menu SPAN Menu 167 168 Sweep/Trig Menu 169 View/Trace Menu 170 Index 171 N9320A User’s Guide
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 1 Overview Agilent N9320A at a Glance Front Panel Overview 3 Rear Panel Overview 8 2 Front and rear panel safety and compliance symbols 9 This chapter provides a description of the Agilent N9320A spectrum analyzer and an introduction to the buttons, features, and functions of the front and rear instrument panels.
1 Overview Agilent N9320A at a Glance The Agilent N9320A spectrum analyzer is a portable, swept spectrum analyzer with a frequency range of 9 kHz to 3.0 GHz. It can be a fundamental component of an automated system. It can also be widely used in an electronic manufacturing environment and in functional/final/QA test systems.
Overview 1 Front Panel Overview Front panel features description information. 2 1 N9320A 16 SPECTRUM ANALYZER 3 4 9 kHz - 3.
1 Overview 6 Function keys hardkeys that are grouped in the upper right corner of the front panel. Their functions are defined below: • Preset/System (Local) hardkey accesses the softkeys to reset the analyzer to a known state, if the analyzer is in the remote mode, pressing this key returns the analyzer to the local mode and enables front- panel control. • Auto Tune hardkey searches the signal automatically and locates the signal to the center of the graticule. see “Auto Tune” on page 75.
Overview 7 Data Control Keys including the numeric keypad, arrow keys, back key, Enter key and knob. Used to change and control the numeric value of an active function such as center frequency, start frequency, resolution bandwidth, and marker position. 8 RF IN connector is the signal input port for the analyzer. The limit for maximum damage level is an average continuous power of 40 dBm, DC voltage 50 VDC. The impedance is 50 W. (N- type female).
1 Overview Display Annotations 4 5 7 6 8 9 10 11 12 3 2 1 27 OPT 26 Span 1.
Overview 1 13 Softkey menu Refer to “Key Reference” for details. Dependent on current function key selection. 14 Frequency span [SPAN] 15 Sweep time [Sweep/Trig] > Sweep Time 16 Video bandwidth [BW/Avg] > Video BW 17 Display status line Display status and instrument messages.
1 Overview Rear Panel Overview 9 8 SERIAL LABEL ATTACH HERE VGA OUT 7 USB 1 REF OUT LAN 10MHz K LOCK REF IN ~100-240 V 50-60 Hz 100 W MAX EXT TRIG IN 10MHz HIPOT LABEL ATTACH HERE TTL 6 2 3 8 4 5 1 REF OUT connector provides a frequency of 10 MHz, amplitude of –10 dBm reference output. (BNC female) 2 REF IN connector accepts an external timebase with a frequency of 10 MHz, amplitude of –5 to +10 dBm (BNC female). 3 Kensington Lock 4 LAN port is reserved for future expansion.
Overview 1 Front and rear panel safety and compliance symbols The instruction manual symbol: indicates that the user must refer to specific instructions in the manual. The CE mark: a registered trademark of the European Community. ISM1-A C US ICES/NMB-001 N10149 Shows that this is an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product. (CISPR 11, Clause 4) The CSA mark: a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association International.
1 10 Overview N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 2 Getting Started Check the Shipment and Order List Power Requirements 13 Environmental Requirements Safety Notice 12 15 18 Electrostatic Discharge Protection Power on and Check Some helpful Tips Remote Control 19 20 22 24 This chapter gives you the information to start using the spectrum analyzer correctly.
2 Getting Started Check the Shipment and Order List After receiving the shipment, first check the shipment and your order list according to the following procedure. • Inspect the shipping container for damage. Signs of damage may include a dented or torn shipping container or cushioning material that indicate signs of unusual stress or compacting. • Carefully remove the contents from the shipping container and verify that your order is complete.
Getting Started 2 Power Requirements The spectrum analyzer has an auto- ranging line voltage input. The AC power supply must meet the following requirements: Voltage: 100 to 240 VAC (90 to 264 VAC) Frequency: 50 to 60 Hz Power: Maximum 100 W AC Power Cord The analyzer is equipped with a three- wire power cord, in accordance with international safety standards. This cable grounds the analyzer cabinet when connected to an appropriate power line outlet.
2 Getting Started AC Power Cords Plug Type Cable Part Number Plug a Description 8121-1703 BS 1363/A For use in Country & Region Option 900 United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia 250V 10A 8120-0696 AS 3112:2000 Option 901 Australia, New Zealand 250V 10A 8120-1692 IEC 83 C4 Option 902 Continental Europe, Korea, Indonesia, Italy, Russia 250V 16A 8120-1521 CNS 10917-2 /NEMA 5-15P 125V 10A 8120-2296 SEV 1011 Option 903 Unite States, Canada, Taiwan, Mexico Option 906 Switzerland 250V 10
Getting Started 2 Environmental Requirements Agilent Technologies has designed this product for use in Installation Category II, Pollution Degree 2, per IEC 61010- 1.
2 Getting Started Rack Mount It is recommended to use the Agilent rackmount kit (option 1CM) to install the spectrum analyzer into a rack. Do not attempt to rack mount the spectrum analyzer by the front panel handles only. This rackmount kit will allow mounting of the spectrum analyzer with or without handles. Refer to the following instructions when installing the rackmount kit on the spectrum analyzer. 16 1 Remove feet, key- locks and tilt stands.
Getting Started CAUTION 2 3 Attach rackmount flange and front handle assembly with 3 screws per side. 4 Attach the spectrum analyzer to the rack using the rackmount flanges with two dress screws per side. Installing the spectrum analyzers into other racks may promote shock hazards, overheating, dust contamination, and inferior system performance. Consult your Agilent customer engineer about installation, warranty, and support details.
2 Getting Started Safety Notice Read the following warnings and cautions carefully before powering on the spectrum analyzer to ensure personal and instrument safety. 18 WAR N ING Always use a well-grounded, three-pin AC power cord to connect to power source. Personal injury may occur if there is any interruption of the AC power cord. Intentional interruption is prohibited.
Getting Started 2 Electrostatic Discharge Protection Electrostatic discharge (ESD) damages or destroys electronic components (the possibility of unseen damage caused by ESD is present whenever transported, stored, or while the instrument is in use). This product contains components that are easily damaged by electrostatic discharge.
2 Getting Started Power on and Check 1 Connect the AC power cord into the instrument. Insert the plug into a power socket provided with a protective earth. Set the tilt adjustors for your preference. 2 Press the AC line switch on the rear panel. The standby LED (orange) on the front panel will light and the spectrum analyzer is in standby mode (AC power applied). 3 Press the standby switch on the front panel. The On LED (green) will light, and the spectrum analyzer boots up.
Getting Started 2 Check for Instrument Messages The spectrum analyzer has two categories of instrument messages: error and warning messages. A error message is triggered by operation errors, for example, parameter setting conflicts or data input that is out of the range of a parameter. An warning message may be triggered by hardware defects which could result in damage to instrument. Here are some tips to check the instrument messages.
2 Getting Started Some helpful Tips The following contains information to help in using and maintaining the instrument for optimum operation, including alignment, external reference, firmware update and option activation. Running Internal Alignments To meet the instrument performance specifications, the analyzer must periodically be manually aligned. When an alignment is being run, there will be an audible clicking sound as the attenuator settings are changed.
Getting Started 2 Using an External Reference To use an external 10 MHz source as the reference frequency, connect the external reference source to the REF IN connector on the rear panel. An EXT REF indicator will display in the upper bar of the display. The signal level must be in the range of –5 to +10 dBm. Firmware Revision Press Preset/ System > More > Show software to view the firmware revision of your analyzer.
2 Getting Started Remote Control The N9320A spectrum analyzer is capable of being connected to a PC through a USB connection, allowing the analyzer to be operated in remote mode. N9320A SPECTRUM ANALYZER 9 kHz - 3.
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 3 Functions and Measurements Making a Basic Measurement Measuring Multiple Signals 26 30 Measuring a Low-Level Signal 39 Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy Tracking Drifting Signals 45 Making Distortion Measurements Measuring Phase Noise 43 47 53 Stimulus Response Transmission 54 Measuring Stop Band Attenuation of a Lowpass Filter Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement 57 60 Measuring Return Loss Using the Reflection Calibration Rou
3 Functions and Measurements Making a Basic Measurement In this guide, the keys labeled with [ ], for example, [Preset/System] refer to front- panel hardkeys. Pressing many of the hardkeys accesses softkey menus that are displayed along the right side of the screen. The softkey menu labels are aligned so that they are located next to the softkeys at the right side of the display screen. For example, Preset is a softkey menu selection when first pressing [Preset/System].
Functions and Measurements 3 Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer Preset function provides a known instrument status for making measurements. There are two types of presets, factory and user: Factory Preset When this preset type is selected, it restores the analyzer to its factory- defined state. A set of known instrument parameter settings defined by the factory. Refer to “Factory Preset State” on page 111 for details. User Preset Restores the analyzer to a user- defined state.
3 Functions and Measurements Viewing a Signal Refer to the procedures below to view a signal. 1 Press Preset/ System > Pow on/Preset > Preset Type > Factory to enable the factory- defined preset state. 2 Press Preset/ System > Preset to restore the analyzer to its factory- defined state. 3 Connect the 10 MHz REF OUT on the rear panel to the front- panel RF IN. Setting the Reference Level and Center Frequency 1 Press Amplitude > 10 > dBm to set 10 dBm reference level.
Functions and Measurements 3 Note that the frequency and amplitude of the marker appear both in the active function block, and in the upper- right corner of the screen. Figure 1 10 MHz Internal Reference Signal Active function block Marker Annotation Marker 10.000000 MHz 0.43 dBm 2 Use the knob, the arrow keys, or the softkeys in the Peak Search menu to move the marker. The marker information will be displayed in the upper- right corner of the screen.
3 Functions and Measurements Measuring Multiple Signals This section provides the information on how to measure multiple signals. Comparing Signals on the Same Screen Using Marker Delta The delta marker function allows the user to compare two signals when both appear on the screen at the same time. In the following example, harmonics of the 10 MHz reference signal available are used to measure frequency and amplitude differences between two signals on the same screen.
Functions and Measurements Press Peak Search 3 > Next Peak or Press Peak Search > Next Pk Right or Next Pk Left. Continue pressing the Next Pk softkeys until the marker is on the correct signal peak. The amplitude and frequency differences between the markers are displayed in the active function block. Figure 2 NOTE N9320A Spectrum Analyzer Delta pair marker with signals on the same screen To increase the resolution of the marker readings, turn on the frequency count function.
3 Functions and Measurements Comparing Signals not on the Same Screen Using Marker Delta The analyzer will compare the frequency and amplitude differences between two signals which are not displayed on the screen at the same time. (This technique is useful for harmonic distortion tests.) In this example, the analyzer’s 10 MHz signal is used to measure frequency and amplitude differences between a signal on screen, and another signal off screen. Delta marker is used to demonstrate this comparison.
Functions and Measurements 3 Figure 3 shows the reference annotation for the delta marker (1R) at the left side of the display, indicating that the marker set at the 50 MHz reference signal is at a lower frequency than the frequency range currently displayed. Figure 3 Delta Marker with Reference Signal Off-Screen The delta marker appears on the peak of the 100 MHz component. The delta marker annotation displays the amplitude and frequency difference between the 50 and 100 MHz signal peaks.
3 Functions and Measurements Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude In this example a decrease in the resolution bandwidth (RBW) is used in combination with a decrease in video bandwidth (VBW) to resolve two signals of equal amplitude with a frequency separation of 100 kHz. Figure 4 Setup for obtaining two signals Signal Generator N9310A RF Signal Generator N9310A FUN CTIONS 9 kHz - 3.
Functions and Measurements 3 If the signal peak is not present on the display, increase the frequency span out to 20 MHz, turn signal tracking on, decrease the span back to 2 MHz and turn signal tracking off: Press Peak Search Press Frequency Press SPAN Press Frequency Figure 5 4 > Span > 20 > MHz SPAN Press > Signal Track (On) > 2 > MHz > Signal Track (Off) Unresolved Signals of Equal Amplitude Change the resolution bandwidth (RBW) to 100 kHz so that the RBW setting is less than or equal
3 Functions and Measurements Two signals are now visible as shown in Figure 6. Use the front- panel knob or arrow keys to further reduce the resolution bandwidth and better resolve the signals. Decreasing the resolution bandwidth improves the resolution of the individual signals and increases the sweep time. Figure 6 Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude For fastest measurement times, use the widest possible resolution bandwidth.
Functions and Measurements 3 Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals This example uses narrow resolution bandwidths to resolve two RF signals that have a frequency separation of 50 kHz and an amplitude difference of 60 dB. 1 Connect two sources to the RF IN as shown in Figure 4. 2 Set one source to 300 MHz at –10 dBm. Set the other source to 300.05 MHz at –70 dBm.
3 Functions and Measurements 5 Reduce the resolution bandwidth filter to view the smaller signal. The smaller signal will be hidden by the larger signal when the bandwidth settings are wider, as in Figure 7. Reducing the RBW setting will allow less of the larger signal to pass through the analyzer and the smaller signals peak will then rise out of the noise floor.
Functions and Measurements 3 Measuring a Low-Level Signal This section provides information on measuring low- level signals and distinguishing them from spectrum noise. Reducing Input Attenuation The ability to measure a low- level signal is limited by internally generated noise of the spectrum analyzer. The analyzers input attenuator affects the level of a signal passing through the analyzer.
3 Functions and Measurements 3 4 5 Set the center frequency, span and reference level: Press Frequency Press SPAN Press Amplitude > Span > 2 > MHz > Ref Level > 40 > –dBm.
Functions and Measurements 3 A lower attenuation value will mean that more of the signal strength will be displayed on screen: Press Amplitude Figure 11 > Attenuation > 0 > dB Measuring a low-level signal using 0 dB Attenuation Decreasing the Resolution Bandwidth Resolution bandwidth settings affect the level of internal noise but have little affect on the displayed level of continuous wave (CW) signals. Decreasing the RBW by a decade (factor of ten) reduces the noise floor by 10 dB.
3 Functions and Measurements Figure 12 Decreasing Resolution Bandwidth A “#” mark appears next to the Res BW annotation in the lower left corner of the screen, indicating that the resolution bandwidth is uncoupled. Uncoupled indicates that the function is in manual control mode, not auto control mode. Manual control mode allows the user to change the parameter value for that function without affecting any other settings.
Functions and Measurements 3 Selecting averaging, when the analyzer is auto- coupled, changes the detection mode to Sample, smoothing the displayed noise level. This is a trace processing function and is not the same as using the average detector (as described on page 42). NOTE 1 Refer to the procedure “Reducing Input Attenuation” on page 39 of this chapter and follow steps 1, 2 and 3.
3 Functions and Measurements Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy This section provides information on using the frequency counter function to improve frequency resolution and accuracy. 1 Press 2 Connect a cable from the front panel CAL OUT to RF IN; Preset/ System > Preset (With Preset Type of Factory) Press Preset/ System > Alignment > Align > CAL OUT ON to toggle on and enable the 50 MHz amplitude reference signal. 3 Press Auto Tune hardkey.
Functions and Measurements 3 The marker readout in the active frequency function changes while the counted frequency result (upper- right corner of display) does not. For an accurate count, the marker need not be placed at the exact peak of the signal response. The Frequency counter properly functions only on stable, CW signals or discrete spectral components. The marker power level must be greater than 40 dB above the displayed noise level.
3 Functions and Measurements Tracking Drifting Signals This section provides information on measuring and tracking signals that drift in frequency. Measuring a Source’s Frequency Drift The analyzer will measure source stability. The maximum amplitude level and the frequency drift of an input signal trace can be displayed and held by using the maximum hold function. Using the maximum hold function you can measure and determine how much of the frequency spectrum a signal occupies.
Functions and Measurements 5 Turn off the signal track function: Press 6 3 Frequency > Signal Track (Off) Measure the excursion of the signal with maximum hold: Press View/ Trace > Max Hold As the signal varies, maximum hold maintains the maximum responses of the input signal. Annotation on the left side of the screen indicates the trace mode. For example, M1 S2 S3 S4, indicates trace 1 is in maximum- hold mode, trace 2, trace 3, and trace 4 are in store- blank mode.
3 Functions and Measurements Making Distortion Measurements This section provides information on measuring and identifying signal distortion. Identifying Analyzer Generated Distortion High- level input signals may cause analyzer distortion products that could mask the real distortion measured on the input signal. Use trace and the RF input attenuator to determine which signals, if any, are internally generated distortion products.
Functions and Measurements 3 The signal produces harmonic products (spaced 200 MHz from the original 200 MHz signal) in the analyzer input mixer as shown in Figure 16.
3 Functions and Measurements Notice the MarkerD amplitude readout. This is the difference of the distortion product amplitude between 0 dB and 10 dB input attenuation settings. If the MarkerΔ absolute amplitude is approximately ≥ 1 dB for an input attenuator change, the analyzer is generating, at least in part, the distortion. The MarkerΔ amplitude readout comes from two sources: 1) Increased input attenuation causes poorer signal- to- noise ratio. This causes the MarkerΔ to be positive.
Functions and Measurements 3 Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion Two- tone, third- order intermodulation distortion is a common specification in communication systems. When two signals are present in a non- linear system, they may interact and create third- order intermodulation distortion (TOI) products that are located close to the original signals. System components such as amplifiers and mixers contribute to the generation of these distortion products.
3 Functions and Measurements The coupler should have a high degree of isolation between the two input ports so the sources do not intermodulate. NOTE 2 Set one source (signal generator) to 300 MHz and the other source to 301 MHz, for a frequency separation of 1 MHz. Set the sources equal in amplitude as measured by the analyzer (in this example, they are set to –5 dBm). 3 Set the analyzer center frequency and span: Press 4 6 Frequency Press SPAN 8 52 > Center Freq > 300.
Functions and Measurements 9 Measure the difference between this test signal and the second distortion product (see Figure 17): Press Marker > Delta > Delta (On) Press Peak Search > Next Peak Figure 17 N9320A Spectrum Analyzer 3 Measuring the Distortion Product 53
3 Functions and Measurements Measuring Phase Noise Phase noise is a frequency domain measure of stability. Phase noise is specified as single- sideband power in relation to the fundamental RF output frequency. It is measured at various offset frequencies from the carrier, normalized to a 1 Hz measuring bandwidth. In this example the 50 MHz amplitude reference signal is used as the fundamental signal. 1 Press 2 Connect a cable from the front panel CAL OUT to RF IN.
Functions and Measurements 3 Stimulus Response Transmission The procedure below describes using the built- in tracking generator of the analyzer to measure the rejection of a low pass filter. A type of transmission measurement. 1 To measure the rejection of a low pass filter, connect the equipment as shown in Figure 18. A 370 MHz low pass filter as the DUT. Figure 18 Transmission Measurement Test Setup N9320A SPECTRUM ANALYZER 9 kHz - 3.
3 Functions and Measurements To reduce ripples caused by source return loss, use 6 dB or greater output attenuation. Tracking generator output attenuation is normally a function of the source power selected. However, the output attenuation may be controlled in the Tracking Generator menu. NOTE 5 To increase measurement sensitivity and smooth the noise: Press BW/ Avg > Res Bw > 30 > KHz Press BW/ Avg > Video Bw > 300 > KHz A decrease in displayed amplitude is caused by tracking error.
Functions and Measurements 9 3 Measure the rejection of the low pass filter: Press Marker > Normal > 370 > MHz, Delta > 160> MHz The marker readout displays the rejection of the filter at 160 MHz above the cutoff frequency of the low pass filter. See Figure 19 as below.
3 Functions and Measurements Measuring Stop Band Attenuation of a Lowpass Filter When measuring filter performance, it is useful to look at the stimulus response over a wide frequency range. Setting the analyzer y- axis (amplitude) to Log scale type presents the measurement data in a usable format for determining filter characteristics. The following example uses the tracking generator to measure the stop band attenuation of a 370 MHz low pass filter.
Functions and Measurements 4 3 Set the resolution bandwidth to 10 kHz: Press BW/ Avg > Res Bw > 10 > KHz Excessive signal input may damage the DUT. Do not exceed the maximum power that the device under test can tolerate. CAUTION 5 Turn on the tracking generator and, if necessary, set the output power to - 10 dBm: Press 6 MODE > Tracking Generator > Amplitude TG(On) > -10 > dBm Connect the test cable (but not the DUT) from the tracking generator output to the analyzer input.
3 Functions and Measurements 11 In this example, the attenuation over this frequency range is - 17.98 dB/octave (one octave above the cutoff frequency). 12 Use the front- panel knob to place the marker at the highest peak in the stop band to determine the minimum stop band attenuation. In this example, the peak occurs with Delta of 563 MHz. The attenuation is - 60.93 dB. See Figure 21.
Functions and Measurements 3 Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement The following procedure makes a reflection measurement using a coupler or directional bridge to measure the return loss of a filter. This example uses a 370 MHz low pass filter as the DUT. The calibration standard for reflection measurements is usually a short circuit connected at the reference plane (the point at which the device under test (DUT) is connected.
3 Functions and Measurements For greatest accuracy, use a coupler or bridge with the correct test port connector. Any additional adapters or components placed between the test port and DUT degrades coupler/bridge directivity and system source match. For best results, use the same adapter for the calibration and the measurement. Be sure to terminate the second port of a two port device. NOTE 2 Connect the tracking generator output of the analyzer to the directional bridge or coupler.
Functions and Measurements 8 3 Normalize the trace: Press MODE > Tracking Generator > More > Normalize > Store Ref (1 3) > Normalize (On) → This activates the trace 1 minus trace 3 function and displays the results in trace 1 (Figure 23). The normalized trace or flat line represents 0 dB return loss. Normalization occurs each sweep. Replace the short circuit with the DUT. NOTE The reference trace is stored in trace 3, changing trace 3 to Clear Write will invalidate the normalization.
3 Functions and Measurements Measuring Return Loss Using the Reflection Calibration Routine This procedure uses the reflection calibration routine in the proceeding procedure “Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement” on page 62 to calculate the return loss of the 370 MHz low pass filter. 1 After calibrating the system with the above procedure, reconnect the filter (DUT) in place of the short circuit used for calibration.
Functions and Measurements 3 Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files The analyzer will store and retrieve data files similar to using a PC. The analyzer allows you to view and save files in the internal storage of the analyzer or to a USB storage device. This section provides information on how to locate catalogs (file types) and to save files. Locating and Viewing Files in the Catalog The analyzer has four types of files: State stores analyzer settings (file extension: .STA).
3 Functions and Measurements 1 The entry fields show the parameters for the files viewed: Name states the filename. Type displays the type of files viewed. Path 2 displays the location of the files (Local or USB). There are four column headings in this area of the display: Name displays the filename. Type displays the filename extension (TRA, STA, TRC or JPG). Size displays the size of the file in bytes. Modified 3 displays the date and time the change occurred.
Functions and Measurements 4 3 Select the trace to save (1, 2, 3, 4 or all traces). For this example, we will select trace 3: Press Source > Trace 3 5 Enter a filename by pressing Name. Assume you name the file “TEST1”. The alpha portion of the filename is selected using the softkey menus. The numeric keypad is used for the numeric portion of the filename. Press Enter to accept the filename and to terminate this process and return to the Save menu.
3 Functions and Measurements Loading a File This feature will recall (load) onto the displayed screen a previously saved filename and type compatible with this analyzer. The file types are described above. 1 Select the directory where your file is located. In this example, select the internal storage (Local/): Press File/ Print > Catalog > Local 2 Press Return > Load to access the Load menu 3 Select the type of file.
Functions and Measurements 3 Copying a File To copy a file from internal storage to a USB storage device, follow this procedure: 1 Press 2 Connect a USB storage device to the USB connector (DEV). 3 Select the type of file. Assume you need to copy a trace file: File/ Print > Catalog > Local to select the path Press Return > Copy > Type > Trace 4 Using the knob or arrow keys to highlight the file name you need. In this example, highlight the file TEST1.TRC.
3 70 Functions and Measurements N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 4 Key Reference Amplitude 72 Auto Tune 75 Back <- 76 BW/Avg 77 Det/Display Enter 81 87 File/Print 88 Frequency Marker 95 97 Marker-> Meas MODE 101 102 103 Peak Search 107 Preset/System SPAN 111 117 Sweep/Trig 118 View/Trace 120 This chapter describes each front panel hardkey and their associated softkeys (menus). The front panel key descriptions are organized alphabetically.
4 Key Reference Amplitude Press Amplitude hardkey to activate the reference level function and access the amplitude softkey menu. The softkey menu selections are described as follows: Ref Level Softkey sets the reference level. This function is activated when Amplitude is pressed. The reference level is the amplitude power or voltage represented by the top line of the graticule on the display.
Key Reference Int Preamp On Off (Option PA3) Softkey toggles the internal pre- amplifier function between on and off. Pressing Int Preamp (On) results in a correction being applied to compensate for the gain of the preamp. Amplitude readings then represent the signal value at the input connector. When the preamp is on, a “PA” indication appears on the left side of the display. The preamp operates over a range of 100 kHz to 3 GHz.
4 Key Reference Ext Amp Gain Softkey adds a positive or negative preamplifier gain value, which is subtracted from the displayed signal. (Use negative values for gain and positive values for loss.) The function is similar to the Ref Lvl Offset function, however with the Ext Amp Gain function, the attenuation may be changed depending on the preamplifier gain entered. A preamplifier gain offset is used for measurements that require an external preamplifier or long cables.
Key Reference 4 Auto Tune Hardkey activates the autotune function to view the signal, This hardkey performs the following functions automatically: NOTE 1 Run Peak Search in full span 2 Run Mkr -> CF 3 Select the appropriate reference level according to the amplitude of searching signal. 4 Set span to 1 MHz and all auto couple to view the signal. The Auto Tune functions in the frequency range of 5 MHz to 3 GHz. The minimum detectable amplitude is –65 dBm.
4 Key Reference Back
Key Reference 4 BW/Avg Hardkey activates the resolution bandwidth function and accesses the softkey menus that control the bandwidth and averaging functions. Res BW Auto Man Softkey controls the 3 dB resolution bandwidth of the analyzer from 10 Hz to 3 MHz using the knob or arrow keys. There are four available bandwidths less than 1 KHz are 10, 30, 100 Hz or 300 Hz. If an invalid bandwidth is entered using the numeric keypad, the analyzer chooses the closest acceptable bandwidth.
4 Key Reference VBW/RBW Auto Man Sets the ratio between the video and resolution bandwidths. When a signal is weak and is visually masked by the noise floor, set the ratio to less than 1 to lower the noise. When the Preset Type is set to Factory and Preset is pressed, the ratio is set to 1. Change the ratio by using the arrow keys, knob, or numeric keypad. When VBW/RBW (Auto) is selected, the ratio is determined automatically by the rules in Figure 25.
Key Reference Average On Off 4 Initiates a digital averaging routine that averages the trace points in a number of successive sweeps resulting in trace “smoothing”. The number of sweeps (average number) is changeable when setting Average (Off). Increasing the average number will further smooth the trace. pressing BW/ > Avg Avg Type to select the type of averaging. To restart averaging: • Enter a new average number • Change any related parameter (e.g.
4 Key Reference When trace average is on, the average type is shown on the left side of the display. Selecting an average type manually causes the analyzer to use that type without regard to other analyzer settings and sets Avg Type to Man. Key access: Video Avg BW/ Avg Video averaging averages the data as appropriate for the y- axis scale. When Avg Type > Video Avg is selected, “VAvg” appears on the left side of the analyzer display if Average is On.
Key Reference 4 Det/Display Press this hardkey to control detector and display functions. Detector (detector type) Auto Man Softkey presents a submenu to select a specific detector type, or allows the analyzer to select the appropriate detector (select Auto) for a particular measurement. Regarding detectors, it is important to understand what is a trace “bucket”. For every trace point displayed, there is a finite time during which the data for that point is collected.
4 Key Reference When the detector is set to Auto, Pressing BW/ > Average (On) Avg changes the detector. The Auto choice will depend on marker functions, trace functions, and the trace averaging function. If a marker function or measurement is running, the Auto choice of detector is either Average or Sample. When one of the detectors (such as Average) is manually selected instead of Auto, that detector is used without regard to other analyzer settings. • Average displays the power average in the bucket.
Key Reference Active Fctn Position Average Video RMS measures the average value of the amplitude across each trace interval (bucket). When Average is selected, “Avg” appears on the left corner. Key access: Det/ Display > Detector Auto Man Sample Sample detection is used primarily to display noise or noise- like signals. It should not be used to measure the accurate amplitude of non noise- like signals. In sample mode, the instantaneous signal value of the present display point is placed in memory.
4 Key Reference Display Line On Off Activates an adjustable horizontal line that is used as a visual reference line. The line, which can be used for trace arithmetic, has amplitude values that correspond to its vertical position when compared to the reference level. The value of the display line appears in the active function block and on the left side of the display. Use the arrow keys, knob, or numeric keypad to adjust the display line.
Key Reference 4 Test On Off Toggles the testing of the limit lines between on and off. If trace 1 is at or within the bounds of the set limit or margin, “Limit_# Pass” or “Margin_# Pass” is displayed in the upper left corner of the measurement area limit line. Only positive/negative margins are allowed for lower/upper limits. If the trace is out of the limit or margin boundaries, “Limit_# Failed” or “Margin_# Failed” is displayed. Either Limit or Margin must be turned on for test.
4 Key Reference Frequency Edits the frequency value for a limit point. After editing, the limit table will place the frequency or time in correct order. For a new point, the Amplitude default is 0 dBm, and Connected default is Yes. Key access: Det/ Display > Limits > Limit 1/2 > Edit Amplitude Sets the amplitude value for the current point.
Key Reference 4 Enter Terminates a front- panel keypad numeric entry and enters that value into the analyzer. (For most applications, it is better to use the units softkeys to terminate value entry.) When in File menu, the [Enter] key is used to terminate filename entries.
4 Key Reference File/Print Hardkey accesses the softkeys menus to manage the file system of the analyzer. Refer to “Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files” on page 66, for more information. Catalog Displays all files located on the selected catalog, depending upon the preferences set under the Type and Sort keys defined below. Key access: File/ Print Type Sort 88 selects all types or one type of file(s) for viewing.
Key Reference Save N9320A Spectrum Analyzer Local Accesses the internal storage of the analyzer. Key access: File/ > Catalog Print USB Accesses the external USB storage device. Key access: File/ > Catalog Print 4 Accesses menu keys that allow the user to save the analyzer screen, state, trace, and limit data to a USB storage device or to the internal storage. Key access: File/ Print Save Now Executes the save function.
4 Key Reference Limits Source Displays all previously saved limits files (.LIM) and detects the current limits in preparation to save them in a file (.LIM). Limits provide data sets to determine whether a trace has exceeded preset specifications. Key access: File/ > Save > Type Print When Type is Trace, you can select trace 1, 2, 3 or 4 in addition to the state. All Traces is selected to save all four traces in a single file, along with the state.
Key Reference State Trace Limits Sort Destination N9320A Spectrum Analyzer 4 Displays all state file types listed in the storage location (.STA). Loading a state filetype restores most parameters to the instrument settings. Key access: File/ > Load > Type Print Displays all trace file types (.TRA). Load traces individually or as a group. Loading a trace also loads the current state, and sets the trace to view mode. Key access: File/ > Load > Type Print Displays all limits file types.
4 Key Reference Delete Enter the submenu for deletion. Key access: File/ Print Delete Now Executes the delete file function. After a successful delete, the message “local(USB)/XXX file deleted” appears in the status bar on the display (where XXX is the filename). Key access: File/ > Delete Print Type Selects the filetype to delete. Key access: File/ > Delete Print Sort 92 All Displays all files for deletion. Key access: File/ > Delete > Type Print Screen Displays only screen files for deletion.
Key Reference Copy Enters the submenu to copy files from local to a USB storage device. Key access: File/ Print Copy Now Executes the copy function. If the copy is successful, “local/XXX file copied to USB” will appear in the status bar (where XXX is the filename). Key access: File/ > Copy Print Type Select the type of file to copy. Key access: All File/ Print > Copy Displays all file types.
4 Key Reference Frequency Press Frequency to activate the center frequency function, and access the menu softkeys for frequency functions. The center frequency, or start and stop frequency values appear below the graticule on the display. 94 NOTE When changing both the center frequency and span, change the frequency first. The frequency value may limit the span. Center Freq Softkey activates the center frequency function and sets the horizontal center of the display to a specific frequency.
Key Reference Signal Track On Off 4 Softkey moves the signal nearest the active marker to the center of the display and maintains the signal at the center of the display. “ST” will appear in the lower- left corner of the display. Pressing Signal Track (Off); Preset/ System > Preset (Preset Type set to Factory); or Marker > All Off will turn off the signal track function.
4 Key Reference Marker Hardkey accesses the marker control softkey menus to select the type and number of markers. Markers are shown on the display as diamond- shaped characters that identify points of traces. Up to twelve pairs of markers (when using Delta Pair markers) may appear on the display simultaneously; only one pair can be controlled at a time. Select Marker Normal Selects one of the twelve possible markers. If a marker has already been selected it will become the active marker.
Key Reference 4 Use the data control keys to position the delta marker. Annotation in the active function block and in the upper- right corner indicates the differences between the two markers, frequency/time and amplitude. Delta (Off) moves the reference marker to the active marker position, allowing you to make delta measurement from differing reference points without having to turn off the markers and begin again.
4 Key Reference All Off Function Turns off all markers, including markers used for signal track, and marker annotations. Key access: Marker Accesses the marker function softkeys listed below. Key access: Marker Freq Counter NOTE Freq Counter On Off Toggles the frequency counter function on and off. Key access: Marker > Function > Freq Count Resolution Auto Man Toggles the frequency counter resolution from manual to auto- couple. The allowed values are 0.1, 1, 10, 100 Hz and 1 kHz.
Key Reference Optimize Phase Noise NOTE 4 This softkey is valid only when span fall in the range of 100 Hz and 100 kHz. After enabling this softkey, the 1st LO Loop filter bandwidth will be changed from approx. 5 kHz to 120- 150 kHz automatically, which optimizes the phase noise close in to the carrier. Key access: Marker > Function > Phase Noise Optimize Phase noise (On) will worsen phase noise accuracy far away from the carrier.
4 Key Reference Marker-> Press Mkr accesses the following marker function softkeys: CF Sets the frequency of the marker to the center frequency. In delta mode, Mkr CF sets the displayed trace center frequency to the frequency of the marker delta value. Mkr CF is not available in zero span. Key access: Marker CF Step Changes the center- frequency step size to match the value of the active marker. Press Frequency > CF Step to view the step size.
Key Reference 4 Meas In the Spectrum Analyer mode (see MODE), Meas key displays a menu for measurements such as adjacent channel power, occupied bandwidth, channel power, spectrum emission mask and TOI. Refer to Chapter 5, “One- Button Measurements” for more information about these measurements. Press Measure Off to turn the measurement off.
4 Key Reference MODE Selects the measurement mode of your analyzer. Spectrum Analyser mode is the default mode and is for general purpose measurement use. . Spectrum Analyzer Selects the spectrum analysis measurement mode for the analyzer. Key access: Tracking Generator 102 MODE Accesses the tracking generator functions. (Option TG3) Key access: MODE Amplitude TG On Off Activates (On) or deactivates (Off) the tracking generator output.
Key Reference 4 Amptd Step To set the step size of the power level range of the Auto Man tracking generator. The default setting is one vertical scale division when in a logarithmic amplitude scale. Key access: MODE > Tracking Generator Power Sweep Sweep the output offset of the tracking generator. The analyzer continues to sweep the linear change between start and stop frequency when power sweep is on. The input range is 0 dB to 10 dB.
4 Key Reference with a tracking generator. For example, connect the cables and a thru line, in place of the device to be measured, between the tracking generator and the analyzer input. Notice that the frequency response is not perfectly flat, showing the response of the cables, as well as the flatness of both the tracking generator and the analyzer. Now press Store Ref (1->3), Normalize (On). Notice that the displayed trace is now flat, or normalized.
Key Reference Ref Trace View Blank Tracking Peak 4 Allows you to view or blank the reference trace on the display. Key access: MODE > Tracking Generator > More > Normalize Activates a routine that automatically adjusts fine frequency tracking to obtain the peak response of the tracking generator on the spectrum analyzer display. Tracking Peak is performed in the current resolution bandwidth.
4 Key Reference Peak Search Places a marker on the highest peak based on the settings of the “Search Criteria” on page 110. Refer to “Peak Search Type” on page 111, for more information on the effect of settings. NOTE All peak search functions ignore the LO feed through signal. The process for determining if the Peak is the LO feed through takes into account Start Frequency, Span, Resolution Bandwidth, Resolution Bandwidth shape factor, and Frequency Accuracy.
Key Reference Min Search 4 Moves the active marker to the minimum detected amplitude. Key access: Peak Search Pk-Pk Search Finds and displays the frequency (or time, if in zero span), and amplitude differences between the highest and lowest trace points. Key access: Peak Search Continuous Pk On Off When Continuous Pk is on, the marker will remain on the peak signal even if the frequency of that signal changes.
4 Key Reference Peak Excursion NOTE Sets the minimum amplitude variation of signals that the marker identifies as a peak. If a value of 10 dB is selected, the marker moves only to peaks that rise and fall more than 10 dB above the peak threshold value. When the peak excursion is 6 dB or higher, Two signal peaks, which are so close together that the amplitude drop between them is less than the peak-excursion value, are not recognized as two peaks.
Key Reference 4 Max Value A Peak search with Max Value type places a marker on the highest peak, excluding the LO feedthrough peak. Key access: Peak Search > More > Search Criteria > Peak Search Type Excursion & When Peak Search Type is Excursion & Threshold Threshold, a peak search places a marker on a peak that meets the Peak Excursion and Peak Threshold parameters.
4 Key Reference Preset/System Accesses the Preset and System softkeys. When the analyzer is in the remote mode, pressing Preset/ System returns the analyzer to the local controlmode and enables front- panel inputs. Preset Provides a known state of the instrument for making measurements. The analyzer allows you to select whether a user preset, or factory preset is performed.
Key Reference 4 Factory Preset State N9320A Spectrum Analyzer Attenuation 20 dB(Auto) Average Type Video (Auto) Center frequency 1.
4 Key Reference Pwr on/Preset Accesses the following softkeys for the preset settings. Key access: Preset/ System Power on Last Preset Determines the state of the analyzer when the analyzer is turned on. Power On set to Preset recalls the analyzer settings previously with the Preset function. Power On set to Last recalls the analyzer settings when previously power off. Key access: Preset/ System > Pwr on/Preset Preset Type Selects User or Factory preset settings.
Key Reference CAL OUT On Off Language 4 Turns the internal amplitude reference signal on or off. When this signal is on, the RF input is disabled. Key access: Preset/ System > Alignment > Align Timebase verifies the 10 MHz reference signal setting may be adjusted for changed operating conditions, such as temperature. Key access: Preset/ System > Alignment Load Default Loads the default values for the alignment system, turns on the frequency corrections, and resets the timebase to the factory values.
4 Key Reference Show Errors Time/Date 114 Accesses a list of the 100 most recent errors reported. The most recent error will appear at the bottom of the list. The first error listed will be removed if the error list is longer than 20 entries. If the same error occurs continuously, that error message will not be added repeatedly to the list. Refer to “Instrument Messages” on page 139 for details. Key access: Preset/ System > More Prev Page/ Next Page Access the previous/next page of error messages.
Key Reference Licensing Brightness N9320A Spectrum Analyzer 4 Accesses the security system to enable licensing for individual options. A user may not turn off an option using this system. Once an option has been licensed for a given analyzer, it cannot be transferred to a different analyzer. Key access: Preset/ System > More > More Option Allows you to key in a three- character option number. The option number will appear on the second line of the Option key.
4 Key Reference SPAN Accesses the span function and the submenu softkeys for span functions. Pressing Span changes the frequency range symmetrically about the center frequency. The frequency- span readout describes the total displayed frequency range. To determine frequency span per horizontal graticule division (when the frequency scale type is set to linear), divide the frequency span by 10. Span Enter the span frequency range value.
Key Reference 4 Sweep/Trig Accesses the Sweep/Trigger softkeys for selection of the sweep mode and trigger mode of the analyzer. The softkey menu selections are defined as follows: Sweep Time Auto Man Selects the length of time the analyzer takes to tune across the displayed frequency span (or, in zero span, the time the analyzer takes to sweep the full screen). Reducing the sweep time increases the sweep rate. Change the sweep time by using the arrow keys, the knob, or the numeric keypad.
4 Key Reference Free Run Key access: Sweep/ Trig New sweep starts as soon as possible after the current sweep ends. Key access: Video > More Activates the trigger condition that starts the next sweep if the detected RF envelope voltage rises to a level set by the video trigger level. When Video is pressed, a line appears on the display. The analyzer triggers when the input signal exceeds the trigger level at the left edge of the display.
Key Reference 4 View/Trace Accesses the trace keys to store and manipulate trace information. Each trace consists of a series of points in which amplitude data is stored. The analyzer updates the information for any active trace with each sweep. Select Trace 1234 Clear Write Selects the trace for current use. Key access: Erases any data previously stored in the selected trace, then continuously displays any signals during each sweep of the analyzer.
4 120 Key Reference N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 5 One-Button Measurements Channel Power Occupied BW ACP 122 124 127 Intermod (TOI) 130 Spectrum Emission Mask 132 This chapter provides information on the functional descriptions of all available measurements when you press the front- panel Meas hardkey (Spectrum Analyzer is selected). It is assumed that the user has an understanding of the front and rear panel, layout, and the display annotations of the analyzer.
5 One-Button Measurements Channel Power Channel Power measures the power and power spectral density in the specified channel bandwidth. A white frame on the display indicates the edge limits of the channel bandwidth. The user must specify the center frequency, reference level, and channel bandwidth to be used for the measurement. The power calculation method used to determine the channel power is a traditional method known as the integration bandwidth (IBW) method.
One-Button Measurements 5 Avg Number On Off Specifies the number of measurement averages used when calculating the measurement result with Avg Number (On). The range is 1 to 1000. Use the knob, the arrow keys or the numeric keypad to set the number. The average will be displayed at the end of each sweep. Selecting Off disables measurement averaging. Key access: Meas > Channel Power Avg Mode Exp Repeat Toggles the average mode between Exp or Repeat.
5 One-Button Measurements Occupied BW Occupied Bandwidth integrates the power of the displayed spectrum. The power- bandwidth routine first computes all signal power contained in the trace, then calculates the span containing the power of the specified percentage. The percentage value default is 99% of the occupied bandwidth power. For 99% occupied power bandwidth, Markers are placed at the frequencies on either side of 99% of the power. 1% of the power is evenly distributed outside the markers.
One-Button Measurements 5 is defined as the difference between the (f1 + f2)/2 and the tuned center frequency of the signal. NOTE To get the correct measurement result, first set the center frequency, reference level, and channel spacing. Avg Number On Off Select On to specify the number of measurement averages used when calculating the measurement result. The average is displayed at the end of each sweep. Select Off to disable measurement averaging. The range is from 1 to 1000.
5 One-Button Measurements OBW Span Specifies the integration range used to calculate the total power from which the percent occupied bandwidth is then calculated. The analyzer span will be set to the same value as the OBW Span for the measurement. OBW Span should be set to an approximate multiple of 2 times the expected occupied bandwidth result. The range is from 100 Hz to 3 GHz.
One-Button Measurements 5 ACP Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) measures the power present in adjacent transmit channels. The span is automatically set according to the six available offsets and their associated integration bandwidths as defined by the user. Figure 30 Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Avg Number On Off Pressing On specifies the number of measurements that will be averaged when calculating the measurement result. The average will be displayed at the end of each sweep.
5 One-Button Measurements weights new data more than old data, which facilitates tracking of slow- changing signals. The average is displayed at the end of each sweep. When selecting Repeat, after reaching the average count, all previous data is cleared and the average count is back to 1. Key access: Meas > ACP Chan Integ BW Specifies the range of integration used in calculating the power in the main channel. Use the knob and the arrow keys to set the bandwidth.
One-Button Measurements Meas Type 5 Specifies the reference for the measurement, either Total Pwr Ref or PSD Ref. Relative values are displayed referenced to either the total power (Total Pwr Ref) or the power spectral density (PSD Ref) measured in the main channel. Key access: Meas > ACP Method IBW RBW Total Pwr Ref (PSD Ref) Auto Man Enables you to select the measurement method.
5 One-Button Measurements Intermod (TOI) The third order intermodulation (TOI) measurement computes and displays the output intercept point (IP3), and places arrows upon the trace to indicate the measured signals and third- order products. Figure 31 TOI Measurement Avg Number On Off Set Avg Number to On to specify the number of measurement averages used when calculating the measurement result. The average will be displayed at the end of each sweep.
One-Button Measurements 5 When Avg Mode is Repeat, after reaching the average count, all previous data is cleared and the average count is back to 1. Key access: Meas > More> Intermod (TOI) TOI Span Specifies the frequency span in which intermodulation products are measured. If you modify the value of span in the base instrument Span menu, the value in the Intermod (TOI) menu will be updated to reflect the new value, and the measurement will restart if it is running.
5 One-Button Measurements Spectrum Emission Mask Spectrum Emission Mask measurement includes the in- band and out- of- band spurious emissions. As it applies to W- CDMA (3GPP), this is the power contained in a specified frequency bandwidth at certain offsets relative to the total carrier power. It may also be expressed as a ratio of power spectral densities between the carrier and the specified offset frequency band.
One-Button Measurements Ref Channel 5 Total Pwr Ref When Total Pwr Ref is selected, the power in the carrier is used as the reference in computing the relative power values for the offsets. Key access: Meas > More > Spectrum Emission Mask > Meas Type PSD Ref When PSD Ref is selected, the mean power spectral density of the carrier is used in computing the relative power spectral density values for the offsets.
5 One-Button Measurements Total Pwr Ref (PSD Ref) Auto Man Offset/Limits Table 1 Displays the type of power measurement reference selected by Meas Type. Total Pwr Ref is the power in the carrier that is used as the reference in computing the relative power values for the offsets. When Man is selected, this can be set by the user. When Auto is selected, this is the measured power in the reference carrier.
One-Button Measurements Table 2 5 Offsets & Limits Defaulted for W-CDMA (3GPP) Mobile Station Measurementsa Offset Start Freq (MHz) Stop Freq (MHz) Res BW (kHz) Abs Start (dBm) Abs Stop (dBm) Rel Couple Rel Start (dBc) Rel Stop (dBc) Meas BW A. On 2.515 3.485 30.00 -71.07 -71.07 Man -35.23 -49.78 1 B. On 4.000 7.500 1000.0 -55.84 -55.84 Man -35.50 -39.00 1 C. On 7.500 8.500 1000.00 -55.84 -55.84 Man -39.00 -49.00 1 D. On 8.500 12.000 1000.00 -55.84 -55.
5 One-Button Measurements Table 4 Offsets & Limits Defaulted for 802.11b Radio Standarda Offset Start Freq (MHz) Stop Freq (MHz) Abs Start (dBm) Abs Stop (dBm) Rel Start (dBc) Rel Stop (dBc) Meas BW A. On 11.00 22.00 -10.00 -10.00 -30.00 -30.00 1 B. On 22.00 50.00 -30.00 -30.00 -50.00 -50.00 1 C. Off 50.00 70.00 -30.00 -30.00 -50.00 -50.00 1 D. Off 70.00 90.00 -30.00 -30.00 -50.00 -50.00 1 E. Off 90.00 100.00 -30.00 -30.00 -50.00 -50.00 1 a.
One-Button Measurements 5 Res BW Auto Man Specifies the resolution bandwidth used in measuring the offset pair. When set to Auto, the Res BW from the default tables for “Offset/Limits” on page 134 are used. When set to Man, the allowed range is 1 kHz to 1MHz. Key access: Meas > More > Spectrum Emission Mask > Offset/Limits Abs Start To enter an absolute level limit at Start Freq for the currently selected offset ranging from –200.00 to +50.00 dBm with 4 significant digits.
5 One-Button Measurements Absolute Sets the limit test to show Fail if one offset is larger than the corresponding limit for Abs Start and/or Abs Stop. This is the default selection for each offset for BTS measurements. Key access: Meas > More> Spectrum Emission Mask > Offset/Limits > More > More > Fail Mask Relative Sets the limit test to show Fail if one offsets spectrum emission mask measurement results is larger than the corresponding limit for Rel Start and/or Rel Stop.
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 6 Instrument Messages Overview 140 Command Errors 141 Execution Conflict Device-Specific Errors s 143 145 139
6 Instrument Messages Overview If an improper operation occurs during the instrument configuration, a message will appear on the status line indicating the incident and the how the spectrum analyzer corrected the setting automatically. press Preset/ System > More > Show errors to read the specific descriptions of those messages. Example In this example, a failure explanation is generally included with each error to further define its meaning. The instrument messages in this guide are listed numerically.
Instrument Messages 6 Command Errors The messages listed below are command errors, which are saved into local registers. -100 Command error An unrecognized command or data type was encountered. This message is used when the device cannot detect more specifics described for errors - 101 to - 109. -101 Invalid character A syntactic element contains an invalid character. -102 Syntax error An unrecognized command or data type was encountered.
6 142 Instrument Messages -112 Program mnemonic too long The header contains more than 12 characters. -113 Undefined header The header is correct in syntax, but it is undefined for this device. -128 Numeric data not allowed A legal numeric data element was received, but the device does not accept one in this position for the header. -130 Suffix error This error is generated when parsing a suffix. This message is used when the device cannot detect more specifics described for errors - 131 to - 139.
Instrument Messages 6 Execution Conflict The system messages listed below are execution conflicts, indicating settings conflict during your operation. -200 Execution Error This is the generic syntax error for devices that cannot detect more specific errors. -222 Data out of range A legal program data element was parsed but could not be executed because the interpreted value was outside the legal range defined by the device. The displayed results may be clipped.
6 144 Instrument Messages -330 Self-test failed A self- test failure occurred. Report this error to Agilent Technologies. -340 calibration failed An expected file was not found while trying to load internal calibration.
Instrument Messages 6 Device-Specific Errors 102 Set 50 MHz signal < 0 dBm, do alignment again The 50 MHz energy is too high at the RF port for alignments to run. Reduce input power to less than 0 dBm and run alignments again. 104 1st LO Unlock The first LO on has lost phase lock. Report this error to the nearest Agilent Technologies sales or service office. 105 2nd LO Unlock The second LO has lost phase lock. Report this error to the nearest Agilent Technologies sales or service office.
6 Instrument Messages 215 TG start freq is less than 1/2 res bw Tracking generator uncalibrated at start frequencies below 1/2 the current resolution bandwidth. 224 Option not licensed The selected option requires a license. Refer to the installation procedures in the user guide provided for this particular option. 238 VBW filter or Average Detector cannot use both 501 RF over load Either increase input attenuation or decrease the input signal level.
Instrument Messages 6 652 Connect CAL OUT to RF IN you must connect the CAL OUT to RF IN with the appropriate cable. 751 Instrument state set to initial values While trying to load a trace or state, the state information was found to be in error. This may be because the state had been stored on a later revision of analyzer firmware. A default set of state variables was loaded instead. There is nothing wrong with the analyzer.
6 Instrument Messages 767 Fatal LDS error Attempt to initialize the instrument state has failed. Cycle instrument power. If this fails to correct the problem, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies service center. 768 Unable to load user state Attempt to load a state failed, because the state was saved with a measurement personality that is not currently loaded. Load the appropriate personality and try again.
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 7 In Case of Difficulty Check the Basics 150 Read the Warranty 151 Contact Agilent Technologies 152 This chapter includes information on how to check for a problem with your spectrum analyzer, and how to contact Agilent Technologies for service.
7 In Case of Difficulty Check the Basics Before calling Agilent Technologies, or returning an analyzer for service, perform the quick checks listed below. This check may eliminate the problem. • Is there power at the receptacle? • Is the analyzer turned on? Listen for internal fan noise to determine if the analyzer cooling fan is running. Feel the rear side of the analyzer for air flow.
In Case of Difficulty 7 Read the Warranty Agilent Technologies provide one year warranty as standard for your spectrum analyzer. The warranty information for your spectrum analyzer is in the back of Technical Overview. Please read it and be familiar with its terms. If your spectrum analyzer is covered by a separate maintenance agreement, please be familiar with its terms. Agilent Technologies offers several optional maintenance plans to service your spectrum analyzer after its warranty has expired.
7 In Case of Difficulty Contact Agilent Technologies Agilent Technologies has offices around the world to provide you with complete support for your source. To obtain servicing information or to order replacement parts, contact the Agilent Technologies customer contact center listed below. In any correspondence or telephone conversations, refer to your spectrum analyzer by its product number and full serial number, press Preset/ System > More > Show System Online help: http://www.agilent.
Agilent N9320A Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide 8 Menu Maps This chapter provides a visual representation of the front panel keys and their associated menu keys (in Spectrum Analyzer mode). Refer to Chapter 4, “Key Reference” for key function descriptions. The name editor menu is shown separately, though it is accessed when entering data for many keys. The front- panel key menus appear in alphabetical order as follows.
8 Menu Maps Amplitude Menu Amplitude Ref Level Y Axis Units > Attenuation Auto Man dBmV Scale/Div dBuV Scale Type Log Lin dBuA > Int Preamp On Off More 1 of 2 154 dBm Watts Volts More 2 of 2 Amps N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Menu Maps 8 BW/Avg Menu BW/ Avg Res BW Auto Man Auto Video BW Auto Man Video Avg VBW/RBW Auto Man Pwr Avg Average On Off Avg Type > Auto Man N9320A Spectrum Analyzer 155
8 Menu Maps Det/Display Menu Det/ Display Detector > Auto Man Top Auto Center Positive Peak Bottom Negative Peak Active Fctn Position> Average Video RMS Display Line On Off Sample Normal Limits > Limit 1 > Type Upper Lower Point Limit 2 > Limit On Off Frequency Test On Off Amplitude Margin On Off Connected Yes No Edit > 156 Delete All Limits Delete Limit Delete Point Return Return Return N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Menu Maps 8 File Menu (1 of 2) File Catalog> Save Type> Load Sort> By Date All By Name Screen State Delete> Copy Trace Local Up Order Down Limits USB Return Save Now Type> Screen Return Delete Now By Date Type> By Name State Source Trace Source> Name Limits Name Return N9320A Spectrum Analyzer Return Up Order Down Return 157
8 Menu Maps File Menu (2 of 2) File Catalog Load Now By Date Save> Type> By Name Load> Sort> State Delete> Destination> Trace Copy> Up Return Order Down Limits Return a. Copy Now By Date All Trace 1 Limit 1 Type> By Name Screen Trace 2 Limit 2 State Trace 3 Trace Trace 4 Sort> Up Return Order Down Limits Return a. The path is depend on the Type selection.
Menu Maps 8 Frequency Menu Frequency Center Freq Start Freq Stop Freq CF Step Auto Man Signal Track On Off N9320A Spectrum Analyzer 159
8 Menu Maps Marker Menu Marker Select Marker > 1,2,3…12 Freq Counter > Normal Delta > Phase Noise > Off Opti F Noise On Off Freq Counter On Off Delta On Off Resolution Auto Man Delta Pair Ref Delta Span Pair Span Center All Off Funtion > More 1 of 2 Return Select Marker > 1 On Phase Noise On Off -30KHz Offset 30kHz Marker Trace Auto 1 2 3 4 Off Offset Manual -50KHz Offset 50kHz Prev Page Next Page 160 Return Offset 1kHz Offset -100KHz 100kHz -10KHz Offset 10kHz -1MHz -20KHz
Menu Maps 8 Marker-> Menu Marker -> Mkr-> CF Mkr-> CF Step Mkr-> Start Mkr-> Stop Mkr-> Ref Lvl N9320A Spectrum Analyzer 161
8 Menu Maps Measure Menu (1 of 2) Meas X dB Avg Number On Off Measure Off Avg Number On Off Channel Power Avg Mode Exp Repeat Avg Mode Exp Repeat Occupied BW > Max Hold On Off Integ BW ACP > Occ BW% Pwr Chan Pwr Span > OBW Span More 1 of 2 More More Return Return Offset ABCDEF Avg Number On Off Intermod > (TOI) Avg Mode Exp Repeat Method IBW RBW Offset Freq On Off Chan Integ BW Total Pwr/PSD Auto Man Ref BW Limits Off Pos Offset Limits Offset/Limits > Spectrum Emission Mask
Menu Maps 8 Measure Menu (2 of 2) Meas Measure Off Avg Number On Off Total Pwr Ref Channel Power Avg Mode Exp Repeat PSD Ref > Chan Integ BW Absolute Chan Span Relative Occupied BW > TOI Span Sweep Time Auto Man Abs AND Rel ACP > Max Mixer Lvl Auto Man Res BW Auto Man Abs OR Rel Total Ref More 1 of 2 Intermod > (TOI) Return Return Avg Number On Off Offset ABCDEF Offset ABCDEF Offset ABCDEF Meas Type > Start Freq On Off Abs Start Fail Mask > Ref Channel > Stop Freq Abs St
8 Menu Maps MODE Menu MODE 164 Spectrum Analyzer AmplitudeTG On Off Tracking Generator > Attenuation Auto Man Power Sweep On Off Store Ref (1->3) Normalize On Off Amptd Offset On Off Normalize > Norm Ref Lvl Amptd Step Auto Man Tracking Peak Norm Ref Posn Man Track Adj Ref Trace View Blank More 1 of 2 More 2 of 2 Return Return Return N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Menu Maps 8 Name editor Menu Name ABCDEFG HIJKLMN OPQRSTU VWXYZ Return N9320A Spectrum Analyzer 165
8 Menu Maps Peak Search Menu Peak Search Peak Search Peak Excursion Max Value Next Peak Peak Threshold Excursion & Threshold Next Pk Right Threshold Hidden Next Pk Left Peak Search Type > Min Search Pk-Pk Search More 1 of 2 Return Continuous Pk On Off N dB Points On Off Peak Table On Off Peak Sort Freq Amptd Search Criteria > Peak Table > More 2 of 2 166 Return N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Menu Maps 8 Preset/System Menu Preset/ System Preset Alignment> Align (Ext Cable) Power On Last Preset Pwr on/Preset > Preset Type> Alignment > Save User Preset Language> Timebase Load defaults CAL OUT On Off Return Return Return English User Diagnostics> More 1 of 3 Show System Factory Show Hardware Show Software Show Errors> Front Panel Test Time/Date> More 2 of 3 Return Licensing > Option Time/Date On Off Prev Page License Key Date Format MDY DMY Next Page Activate Licen
8 Menu Maps SPAN Menu SPAN Span Full Span Zero Span Last Span 168 N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Menu Maps 8 Sweep/Trig Menu Sweep/ Trig Sweep Time Auto Man Free Run Sweep Single Video Sweep Cont External Pos External Neg More 1 of 2 N9320A Spectrum Analyzer More 2 of 2 169
8 Menu Maps View/Trace Menu View/ Trace Select Trace > 1 Trace 1 Clear Write Trace 2 Max Hold Trace 3 Min Hold Trace 4 View Blank 170 N9320A Spectrum Analyzer
Index Numerics 10 MHz REF OUT, 9 3GPP W-CDMA, 134 802.11a, 135 802.
Index M Marker key, 5, 97 Marker Table, 100 Marker-> key, 5, 101 Max Mixer lvl, 131 Meas key, 5, 102, 121 measuring ACP, 127 channel power, 122 distortion, 48 low-level signal, 39 multiple signals, 30 occupied BW, 124 SEM, 132 source’s frequency drift, 46 TOI, 51, 130 measuring phase noise, 54 menu maps, 153 messages, 21 Min Search, 107 MODE key, 5, 103 N N dB Points, 108 Next Peak, 107 O occupied BW, 124 Offset/Limits, 128, 134 options, 12 enable, 22 licensing, 115 TG3, 6 order list, 12 P Peak Search k
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