User`s guide

Table of Contents
Introduction 3
Product Description 3
Why Measure Group Delay? 3
Group Delay Techniques 3
Direct Phase 3
Modulation Delay 4
Key Features and Benefits 4
Measurement Overview 5
Measurement Block Diagram 5
Modulation Source 5
Synthesizer Support 5
Measuring in the Frequency Domain 6
Direct Demodulation Mode (Zoom FFT Off) 6
Zoom FFT Mode 7
Marker Options (Zoom FFT on) 8
Normalization 9
How to do normalization 9
What frequency span to use? 9
Unambiguous delay range 10
Negative delay 10
Measurement Times 11
Using the Personality 11
Obtaining the Program 11
Firmware Upgrades 11
Downloading the Program 11
Loading from an external computer 12
Storing to a memory card 12
Loading from a memory card or disk drive 13
Menu Overview 13
Setting Up and Doing a Measurement 14
Printing/Plotting the Results 16
Accuracy Considerations 17
Typical Accuracy 17
Noise Reduction 17
Averaging 17
Smoothing 17
Signal-to-Noise Ratio 18
Mismatch Error 18
LO Stability 18
Modifying the Program 19
Manuals 19
Changing Defaults 19
Adding Sources 19
Appendix A 20
Comparison to Other Instruments 20
Vector Network Analyzers 20
Scalar Network Analyzers 20
Microwave Link Analyzers 20
HP 11770A Link Measurement Personality 21
Summary 21