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HP 8920A & HP 8920B RF Communications Test Set, Application Handbook SCREEN CONTROL INSTRUMENT STATE MSSG HELP CONFI HOLD PRINT ADRS SAVE RX TX DUPLE PREV TESTS LOCAL RECAL USER k1’ DATA FUNCTIONS REF INCR k1 k2’ METER INCR LO MEAS PRESE DATA AVG INCR 7 8 9 ENTER 4 5 6 GHz 1 2 3 HI dB k2 k3’ CURSOR CON- k3 ASSIG k4 RELEA SHIFT CANCE +_ 0 PUSH TO k5 % MHz s kHz YES NO Ω ms ON/OFF ppm % Hz M EMO RF IN/OUT DUPLEX OUT ANT IN M IC/ VOL- SQUELC AUDIO
Copyright © Hewlett-Packard Company 1994 Notice Information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws. This material may be reproduced by or for the U.S. Government pursuant to the Copyright License under the clause at DFARS 52.227-7013 (APR 1988). Hewlett-Packard Company Learning Products Department 24001 E.
Manufacturer’s Declaration This statement is provided to comply with the requirements of the German Sound Emission Directive, from 18 January 1991. This product has a sound pressure emission (at the operator position) < 70 dB(A). • • • • Sound Pressure Lp < 70 dB(A). At Operator Position. Normal Operation. According to ISO 7779:1988/EN 27779:1991 (Type Test). Herstellerbeschei Diese Information steht im Zusammenhang mit den Anforderungen der Maschinenlärminformationsverordnung vom 18 Januar 1991.
Safety Considerations GENERAL This product and related documentation must be reviewed for familiarization with safety markings and instructions before operation. This product is a Safety Class I instrument (provided with a protective earth terminal). SAFETY EARTH GROUND A unterruptible safety earth ground must be provided from the main power source to the product input wiring terminals, power cord, or supplied power cord set.
CAUTION A CAUTION note denotes a hazard. It calls attentionto an operation procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the product. Do not proceed beyond an CAUTION note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
CERTIFICATION Hewlett-Packard Company certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance. NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. HP SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTIDCULAR PURPOSE.
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Manufacturer’s Name: Manufacturer’s Address: Hewlett-Packard Company Spokane Division 24001 E. Mission Ave. Liberty Lake, WA 99019-9599 Declares that the product(s): Product Name: RF Communications Test Set Model Number(s): HP 8920A, 8920B Product Options: All Conforms to the following product specifications.
In this Book This book is a guide for performing common radio tests using the Test Set. This guide contains the following chapters and appendices. Chapter 1, Getting Started With The Test Set This chapter contains a description of the manual contents, a general description of the Test Set, and a general description of the front and rear panel controls, indicators, and connectors.
Chapter 8, Configuring For Measurements This chapter contains the information required to install the Test Set in preparation of performing measurements. Information provided includes instructions for power and printer connection, and initial power-up and configuration. Chapter 9, References This chapter lists any manuals, application notes, specifications, and standards referenced in this guide. Chapter 10, HP 8920A Specifications This chapter provides abbreviated specifications for the HP 8920A.
Contents 1 Getting Started With The Test Set Conventions Used In This Manual 24 Product Description 25 The Test Set’s Features 28 11
Contents 2 Measurements Considerations Measurement Guideline 1 44 Measurement Guideline 2 45 Measurement Guideline 3 46 Measurement Guideline 4 48 12
Contents 3 Testing FM Radios Introduction 50 List of Tests 51 FM Transmitters 52 FM Receivers 79 13
Contents 4 Testing AM Radios Introduction 116 List of Tests 117 AM Transmitters 118 AM Receivers 136 14
Contents 5 Testing SSB Radios Introduction 160 List of Tests 161 SSB Transmitters 162 SSB Receivers 173 15
Contents 6 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Introduction 188 List of Measurements 189 Using the Spectrum Analyzer 190 Using the Tracking Generator 205 16
Contents 7 Oscilloscope Measurements Introduction 234 Using the Oscilloscope 235 17
Contents 8 Configuring for Measurements Preparing the Test Set for DC Operation 244 18
Contents 9 References Manuals 250 Application Note 251 Specifications and Standards 252 19
Contents 10 HP 8920A Specifications Signal Generator Specifications 255 Audio Source Specifications 261 RF Analyzer Specifications 262 AF Analyzer Specifications 268 Oscilloscope Specifications 271 Spectrum Analyzer Specifications (Option 102) 272 Signaling (Option 004) 276 DC Current Meter (Option 103) 277 Remote Programming (Option 103) 278 Reference Oscillator Specifications 279 Save/Recall Registers 280 General Specifications 281 20
Contents 11 HP 8920B Specifications Signal Generator Specifications 285 Audio Source Specifications 291 RF Analyzer Specifications 292 AF Analyzer Specifications 297 Oscilloscope Specifications 300 Spectrum Analyzer Specifications (Option 102) 301 Signaling (Option 004) 304 DC Current Meter 305 Remote Programming 306 Memory Card Specifications 307 Reference Oscillator Specifications 308 General Specifications 309 21
Contents 22
1 Getting Started With The Test Set This chapter provides the user with a general introduction to the instrument. Information provided includes a general description of the Test Set, and a general description of the front and rear panel features.
Conventions Used In This Manual Conventions Used In This Manual The Test Set keys, screen titles, fields, and shifted functions are shown using the following conventions: (Refer to the RX TEST screen and the instrument front panel.) 24 • Screen titles are shown in bold upper-case type −RX TEST • Field names and some measurements (such as AC Level) are indicated in lowercase bold type −RF Gen Freq • The contents of a field, and some measurements (such as SINAD) are shown in italics – −100.
Product Description Product Description The Test Set is a single instrument that combines the features of 22 individual radio test instruments. The Test Set is designed to meet the communication test needs of both service and manufacturing environments, and the capability to test land mobile radios, cellular phones, and various other communications systems.
Product Description Features The features currently available for the Test Set include: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 26 Synthesized AM/FM signal generator to 1000 MHz Function generator (HP 8920A option) AM/FM modulation analyzer Duplex offset generator Signalling encoder and decoder (HP 8920A option) SSB demodulator RF power meter RF frequency counter/frequency error meter Audio frequency counter AF power meter AC/DC voltmeter DC current meter (HP 8920A option) SINAD meter Distortion
Product Description Specifications Abbreviated specifications for the Test Set are provided in "HP 8920A Specifications" on page 253 and "HP 8920B Specifications" on page 283. See the HP 8920A /B RF Communications Test Set Assembly Level Repair Guide for a complete list of specifications.
The Test Set’s Features The Test Set’s Features This section contains a brief description of the Test Set’s keys, connectors, controls, and screens. Additional operating information for all keys, connectors, controls, and screens can be found in the Test Set’s user guide. Feature Contents "The Test’s Sets Front-Panel Features" on page 29. • • • • • • • • "Screens" on page 29. "Data Function Keys" on page 33. "Knobs" on page 34. "Screen Control Keys" on page 35. "Instrument State Keys" on page 36.
The Test Set’s Features The Test’s Sets Front-Panel Features SCREEN CONTROL INSTRUMENT STATE MSSG HELP CONFIG HOLD PRINT ADRS SAVE RX TX DUPLEX PREV TESTS LOCAL RECALL DATA FUNCTIONS USER k1’ REF SET METER AVG k1 INCR : 10 INCR SET INCR X10 k2’ LO LIM IT MEAS RESET PRESET DATA 7 8 9 ENTER 4 5 6 GHz dBm 1 2 3 MHz V + _ kHz mV HI LIMIT dB k2 k3’ CURSOR CONTROL k3 % ASSIGN k4 s RELEASE SHIFT RF IN/OUT DUPLEX OUT ANT IN 0 PUSH TO SELECT k5 CANCEL MIC/
The Test Set’s Features Screens that are Standard to the Test Set • • • • • • • • • • • • 30 RX Test − receiver test screen with RF and audio output controls and receiver measurement results. TX Test − transmitter test screen with RF and audio input/output controls and transmitter measurement results. Duplex Test − transmitter and receiver simultaneous test screen with RF and audio input/output controls and transmitter and receiver measurement results.
The Test Set’s Features Screens that Require an Option • • • • • Spectrum Analyzer − used to display the spectrum analyzer measurement function, with center frequency, span, reference level, marker, and tracking generator controls. Encoder − used to display the signalling encoder function, with function generator, tone sequence, DTMF, CDCSS, digital paging, cellular and LTR and EDACS trunking subscreens.
The Test Set’s Features User Keys USER DATA FUNCTIONS K1 REF SET METER AVG k1 INCR : 10 INCR SET INCR X10 K2 LO LIMIT 7 HI LIMIT k2 4 K3 CURSOR CONTROL k3 1 ASSIGN k4 RELEASE PUSH TO SELECT k5 0 YES SHIFT CANCEL ON/OFF User k1 - k5 keys − referred to as local keys, these keys enable you to instantly enable a field for fast or repetitive access. Local keys function for fields on the screen being displayed only.
The Test Set’s Features Data Function Keys USER DATA FUNCTIONS K1 REF SET METER AVG k1 INCR : 10 INCR SET INCR X10 K2 LO LIMIT 7 HI LIMIT k2 4 K3 CURSOR CONTROL k3 1 ASSIGN k4 RELEASE PUSH TO SELECT k5 0 YES SHIFT • • • • • • CANCEL ON/OFF The INCR ÷ 10, INCR SET, and INCR X10 keys change the increment/ decrement field value (units, tens, hundreds, etc). The keys increment/decrement field values, select among various field choices, or move the cursor within fields.
The Test Set’s Features Knobs USER DATA FUNCTIONS K1 REF SET METER AVG k1 INCR : 10 INCR SET INCR X10 K2 LO LIMIT 7 HI LIMIT k2 4 K3 CURSOR CONTROL k3 1 ASSIGN k4 RELEASE 0 PUSH TO SELECT k5 YES SHIFT OUT ANT IN ON/OFF CANCEL MIC/ACC VOLUME SQUELCH AU The Cursor Control Knob • Moves the cursor to another field (rotate CW/CCW). • Selects fields, screens, and settings from a list of choices. (push).
The Test Set’s Features Screen Control Keys SCREEN CONTROL INSTRUMENT STATE MSSG HELP CONFIG HOLD PRINT ADRS SAVE RX TX DUPLEX PREV TESTS LOCAL RECALL USER DATA FUNCTIONS MEAS RESET P DATA These keys are used to access several instrument control and information screens. • • • • • • • • • • RX key − displays the RX TEST screen for test of receivers. TX key − displays the TX TEST screen for test of transmitters.
The Test Set’s Features Instrument State Keys SCREEN CONTROL HELP CONFIG HOLD PRINT ADRS SAVE RX TX DUPLEX PREV TESTS LOCAL RECALL USER • • • • • • 36 INSTRUMENT STATE MSSG DATA FUNCTIONS MEAS RESET PRESET DATA LOCAL key − returns the instrument to manual control after HP- IB control is used. RECALL key − lists and selects a previously stored instrument setup.
The Test Set’s Features Data Keys USER DATA FUNCTIONS K1 REF SET METER AVG k1 INCR : 10 INCR SET INCR X10 K2 LO LIMIT DATA 7 8 9 ENTER 4 5 6 GHz dBm 1 2 3 MHz V +_ kHz mV HI LIMIT dB k2 K3 CURSOR CONTROL k3 % ASSIGN k4 s RELEASE PUSH TO SELECT k5 SHIFT CANCEL 0 YES NO Ω ms ON/OFF ppm W % dBµV Hz µV MEMORY CARD Data Entry keys− used to enter or change alphanumeric data (0-9, A-F, “.”, “+”, or “−”) for measurements or field entries.
The Test Set’s Features Connectors SHIFT ppm W ON/OFF CANCEL % dBµV Hz µV M EMORY CARD RF IN/OUT ANT IN DUPLEX OUT MIC/ACC VOLUME SQUELCH AUDIO OUT AUDIO IN HI LO POWER OFF ON ! MAX POWER 60 W ! CONTINUOUS MAX POWER 20 0 mW ! MAX 12 v Pk ! MAX 42 v Pk RF IN/OUT Connector − type-N female connector for output signals from the RF Generator, and input signals (60 Watts continuous, or 100 Watts for 10 sec/min) to the RF Analyzer. Nominal impedance is 50Ω..
The Test Set’s Features Non-Bracketed Keys and Memory Card Slot K3 4 5 6 dBm 1 2 3 MHz V +_ kHz mV CURSOR CONTROL k3 % ASSIGN k4 s RELEASE SHIFT 0 PUSH TO SELECT k5 CANCEL YES NO Ω ms ON/OFF ppm W % dBµV Hz µV MEM ORY CARD RF IN/OUT DUPLEX OUT ANT IN MIC/ACC VOLUME SQUELCH AUDIO OUT AUDIO IN HI LO POWER FF ON Non-Bracketed Keys The POWER key − turns the instrument on or off. The SHIFT key is used to select the blue-labeled functions listed above certain keys.
The Test Set’s Features The Test Set’s Rear-Panel Features CONTROL IO OPTION INTERFACE PARALLEL PORT (OPTIION) HP-IB (OPTIION) DC FUSE SERIAL PORT (OPTION) DC INPUT 15A 11-32 VDC AC DC DC CURRENT MEASUREMENT IQ RF IN MODULATION INPUT CRT VIDEO OUTPUT EXT SCOPE TRIGGER 10 MHz REF OUTPUT 10 MHz REF INPUT AUDIO MONITOR 114.
The Test Set’s Features • • • • • • • • EXT SCOPE TRIGGER INPUT Connector − female BNC connector to input an external oscilloscope trigger. Maximum input level is ≈ 20 V peak. 10 MHz REF OUTPUT Connector − female BNC connector outputs a 10 MHz reference signal for locking external instruments. 10 MHz REF INPUT Connector − female BNC connector to input an external 1, 2, 5, or 10 MHz reference signal. AUDIO MONITOR OUTPUT Connector − female BNC connector provides an output from the AF Analyzer.
The Test Set’s Features 42
2 Measurements Considerations The following guidelines must be adhered to when performing any of the FM/AM/SSB Transmitter and Receiver, Spectrum Analyzer, or Oscilloscope Measurements.
Measurement Guideline 1 Measurement Guideline 1 Connector Considerations CAUTION: The RF present at any Test Set input connector must not exceed the specified level or permanent instrument damage may result. If necessary, use an external attenuator. If overpower occurs, disconnect the Transmitter, then cycle Test Set power OFF/ON to reset the protection circuitry.
Measurement Guideline 2 Measurement Guideline 2 Cabling and Adapter Considerations For most FM, AM, and SSB measurements, only the standard Test Set with correct interconnecting cables and adapters are required. Output Power If output power is greater than 60W (continuous), an external attenuator is also required. Any other additional equipment or Test Set options that are required to perform the measurement are listed in the procedure.
Measurement Guideline 3 Measurement Guideline 3 Special Test Considerations Information for performing any of the FM, AM, or SSB measurements: Coaxial Cable Use short runs of high quality coaxial cable and high quality adapters when connecting the device connected to the Test Set to ensure the most accurate power measurement. Double shielded coaxial cable is recommended when performing measurements on Cavities and Duplexers.
Measurement Guideline 3 internal speaker connection, either the Test Set AUDIO IN signal must be connected across the speaker (in this case, enter the impedance value of the speaker in lieu of the test load resistance), or the internal speaker must be physically disconnected. Measuring Audio Output Power When measuring audio output power in watts, always set Ext Load R field to the Receiver’s audio output impedance or to the test load resistance (when connected).
Measurement Guideline 4 Measurement Guideline 4 Additional Measurement Considerations Pressing the PRESET and TX or RX keys at the beginning of each test automatically configures the Test Set for “standard” transmitter/ receiver measurements. The controls and settings that need to be adjusted during performance of the measurement are discussed in each procedure.
3 Testing FM Radios 49
Introduction Introduction Each procedure may contain the following information: • • • • A brief measurement overview and a reference to applicable TIA/EIA specifications for each test. A list of the Test Set options and additional test equipment required to perform the procedure. Any special test considerations that need to be considered for safety, measurement accuracy, etc. Step by step procedures required to perform each measurement (with illustrations).
List of Tests List of Tests FM Transmitter Measurements "FM Off The Air Monitoring/Determining Unknown Transmitter Carrier Frequency" on page 53. "FM Output Power, Deviation, and Frequency/Frequency Error Measurement" on page 56. "FM Deviation and Symmetry Measurement" on page 59. "FM Microphone Sensitivity and Modulation Limiting Measurement" on page 62. "FM CTCSS Encoder Frequency and Deviation Measurement" on page 65. "FM CDCSS Coding and Deviation Measurements" on page 67.
FM Transmitters FM Transmitters The following measurements are provided for testing FM Transmitters. The procedures are arranged in the order that tests are typically performed.
FM Transmitters FM Off The Air Monitoring/Determining Unknown Transmitter Carrier Frequency Description This procedure is used to locate, demodulate, and measure an FM signal’s output carrier frequency. The low level signal is input to the front-panel ANT IN connector, located, then demodulated using the spectrum analyzer function. NOTE: For performing an FM Off the Air Monitoring on a Known Transmitter Carrier Frequency, see page 55.
FM Transmitters Test Set Options Required Additional Equipment Required Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102) Whip antenna Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Antenna to the ANT IN connector. CAUTION: Do not exceed the connector’s rated input or permanent instrument damage may result. On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. ❒ If monitoring an FM broadcast signal perform the following steps: a Press the TX key. b Use the knob to change IF Filter to 230 kHz. c Continued to step 3.
FM Transmitters Once the desired carrier is found: 7 8 9 From Controls, select Main. Select Marker from the Choices field. Use the Marker To field to select the desired carrier. On the Test Set frequency and level are displayed as shown. SPECTRUM ANALYZER BW= 3 kHz Marker Freq MHz 101.12980 Lvl dBm -99.92 Level & Frequency displayed 10 To demodulate the carrier: a With the marker on the desired carrier, select Marker To to Center Freq. b From Controls, select Main.
FM Transmitters FM Output Power, Deviation, and Frequency/Frequency Error Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s output carrier power and frequency (or frequency error) into 50 Ω. For FM Transmitters, deviation and modulating frequency are also measured. FM reference is ANSI/EIA-RS-152-C-1988, RS-316-C.
FM Transmitters Test Set Options Required Special Test Considerations The typical error for the standard Test Set timebase is 2-3 Hz per 1 MHz (when measuring carrier frequency). If greater accuracy is required, use a Test with Option 001 (High Stability Timebase). "Cable and Adapter Loss" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1 CAUTION: Connect the Transmitter Under Test as shown. The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute).
FM Transmitters 8. Determine if actual frequency readout or frequency error is the desired measurement. ❒ For actual frequency readout, continue with step 9 ❒ For frequency error: • Set Tune Mode to Manual. • Set Tune Freq to the expected carrier frequency. On the Radio: 9 Key the Transmitter. As long as the Transmitter is keyed the measurement results will display. Frequency TX TEST TX Freq Error MHz 0.169 Frequency 3.579 TX TEST TX Frequency kHz FM Deviation 145.
FM Transmitters FM Deviation and Symmetry Measurement This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s frequency deviation and deviation symmetry. FM deviation is displayed on the Test Set. Deviation symmetry requires measuring the plus and minus peaks, then calculating symmetry.
FM Transmitters Measurement Procedure: 1 CAUTION: Connect the Transmitter Under Test as shown. The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute). On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the TX key. On the Radio: 4 Key the Transmitter and keep keyed until the remaining steps are complete.
FM Transmitters 9 Record the displayed FM Deviation as Pk+. Calculate the Measurement: 10 Calculate the Deviation Symmetry as follows: Deviation Symmetry (in percent) = For example, = (3.010) - (2.971) (3.010 (Pk +) - (Pk -) X 100 (Pk +) X 100 = 1.
FM Transmitters FM Microphone Sensitivity and Modulation Limiting Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s audio input sensitivity, and modulation limiting capability (if available). Modulation limiting is verified over the Transmitter’s audio frequency range. FM reference is ANSI/EIA-RS-152-C-1988 RS-316-B.
FM Transmitters Special Test Considerations See "Incidental Audio" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1 CAUTION: Connect the Transmitter as shown. The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute). On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the TX key. Using the knob and data keys: 4 Set Filter 1 to 300 Hz HPF. 5 Set Filter 2 to 3 kHz LPF.
FM Transmitters TX TEST TX Frequency FM Deviation kHz 145.280024 TX Power kHz 2.965 W AF Freq 2.03 kHz 1.00004 Tune Mode Auto/Manual Input Port RF in/Ant AF Anl In FM Demod AFGen1 Freq 1.0000 MHz Tune Freq 145.280000 MHz IF Filter 15 kHz AFGen1 Lvl -45.
FM Transmitters FM CTCSS Encoder Frequency and Deviation Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System (CTCSS) encoder frequency and frequency deviation. Both frequency and deviation are read directly off the Test Set screen. FM reference is ANSI/EIA RS-220-A.
FM Transmitters Measurement Procedure: 1 CAUTION: Connect the Transmitter as shown. The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute). On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the TX key. On the Radio: 4 Key the Transmitter and keep keyed until the remaining steps are completed. On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 5 Set Filter 2 to 300 Hz LPF.
FM Transmitters FM CDCSS Coding and Deviation Measurements Description This procedure is used to analyze an FM Transmitter’s Continuous Digital Coded Squelch System (CDCSS) digital data stream and frequency deviation. The data rate, binary data stream, and octal code are all displayed on the Test Set screen.
FM Transmitters Test Set Options Required Decoder Option Measurement Procedure: 1 CAUTION: Connect the Transmitter as shown. The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute). On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. Using the knob and the data entry keys: 3 Select the AF ANL screen. 4 Set Filter 1 to <20 Hz HPF setting. 5 Set Filter 2 to 300 Hz LPF setting. 6 Set Settling to Slow setting. 7 Select the DECODER screen.
FM Transmitters NOTE: Because framing information to indicate when a code word is not sent, the decoded data displayed can result in several possible code combinations as shown. NPC may appear, indicating that no primary code matches the decoded data. SIGNALING DECODER Data Rate Binary Data Octal Code(s) Data Rate bps 134.400 Data (bin) 1101100011000010101111 Code (oct) Arm Meas Single/Cont Stop Meas 143 333 Status: Computing Mode CDCSS Standard CDCSS AF Anl In Audio Out Input Level 1.
FM Transmitters FM DTMF Encodes and Deviation Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) frequency, deviation and frequency sequence (if desired).
FM Transmitters Test Set Options Required Decoder Option Additional Equipment Required None Special Test Considerations None Measurement Procedure: 1 CAUTION: Connect the Transmitter as shown. The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute). On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the TX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4 Set Filter 1 to 300 Hz HPF. 5 Set Filter 2 to 3 kHz LPF. 6 Select the DECODER screen.
FM Transmitters On the Radio: 13 Key the Transmitter and keep keyed until the remaining steps are completed. 14 Press the desired DTMF key. The symbol and tone pair frequencies will be displayed on the Test Set as shown. Lo Tone Hi Tone Sym Freq Freq Hz Hz * 953.1 1226.9 SIGNALING DECODER On Off Time Time ms ms Arm Meas Single/Cont 62.4 67.2 Stop Meas Status: Idle Mode DTMF Standard Bell Gate Time 1.50000 s AF Anl In FM Demod DTMF Tone Pair Input Level 3.
FM Transmitters To Measure deviation of the DTMF on the Test Set: 15 Press the TX key. Tone deviation is displayed as FM Deviation. TX TEST TX Frequency kHz FM Deviation 145.890058 TX Power W kHz 0.980 AF Freq 0.587 kHz 0.10354 Tone Deviation Tone Frequency ❒ If decoding a sequence of DTMF tones, proceed as follows: a Set Gate Time to a value long enough to capture the entire sequence (typically 1 to 5 seconds). b Set Arm Meas to Single. c Set Arm Meas (status message will change to “ARMED”).
FM Transmitters FM Audio Distortion Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s audio frequency harmonic distortion level. FM reference is ANSI/EIA-RS-152-C, RS-316-B.
FM Transmitters Measurement Procedure: 1 CAUTION: Connect the Transmitter as shown. The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute) or permanent instrument damage may result. On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the TX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4 Set Filter 1 to 300 Hz HPF. 5 Select the AF Freq Meter. 6 Select Distn from the Choices field.
FM Transmitters FM Harmonics and Spurious Output Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s conducted harmonic and spurious emissions. The spectrum analyzer option is used to display harmonic and spurious components from 400 kHz to 1000 MHz. FM reference is ANSI/EIA-RS-152-C, RS-316-B.
FM Transmitters Test Set Options Required Special Test Considerations Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102) Cable and adapter mismatch must be considered when measuring harmonics and spurious emissions of a transmitter. If an external attenuator is used, special care must be taken to ensure the attenuator is not causing any spurious or harmonic emission.
FM Transmitters To set Ref Level: • • From the Marker screen, select Marker To Peak Select Marker To Ref Level 11 Tune Center Freq in 1 MHz steps anywhere from 400 kHz to 1 GHz in search of harmonics, sub-harmonics, multiples, or spurious emissions. NOTE: If spurious emissions are suspect, un-key the Transmitter, and verify that emissions are from the transmitter and not another source. To measure spurious emission of the transmitter under test: • • Place at center frequency.
FM Receivers FM Receivers The following measurements are provided for testing FM Receivers. The procedures are arranged in the order that tests are typically performed.
FM Receivers FM Audio Output Power Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s maximum audio output power (or rated output power) into a Test Load. Output power is displayed (in various measurement units, including watts) on the Test Set screen. The FM reference is RS-204D and RS-316B.
FM Receivers Additional Equipment Required Special Test Considerations Test Load See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4 Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5 Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6 Set AFGen1 To 60% of the Receiver’s specified maximum frequency deviation (typically 3 kHz).
FM Receivers On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 9 Set power to ON. 10 If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4 11 Set squelch to minimum. 12 Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped). 13 Set coded squelch feature (if equipped) to OFF. Refer to "Coded Squelch" on page 47 for information on opening Receivers with coded squelch. 14 Slowly increase volume control until the AC Level reaches the Receiver’s rated output power, or reaches a maximum level (stops increasing).
FM Receivers FM SINAD, Receiver Center Frequency, and Modulation Acceptance Bandwidth Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s sensitivity (for 12dB SINAD), center frequency, and modulation acceptance bandwidth. All measurements are read from the Test Set screen. Reference is RS-204D.
FM Receivers Additional Equipment Required Special Test Considerations Test Load See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4 Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5 Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6 Set AFGen1 To 60% of the Receiver’s specified maximum frequency deviation (typically 3 kHz).
FM Receivers Refer to the audio output specifications for the receiver being tested. On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 15 Decrease Amplitude until the SINAD meter reads 12 dB. Sensitivity (12dB SINAD) is displayed as Amplitude as shown. • Record the level (in uv) for use in step 17. RX TEST SINAD SINAD Center Frequency Sensitivity 0 uv 14.00 Avg AC Level RF Gen Freq 146.519000 MHz AFGen1 Freq 1.0000 kHz AFGen2 Freq 1.0000 kHz Filter 1 50Hz HPF Amplitude -119.
FM Receivers On the Test Set modulation acceptance bandwidth is displayed as AFGen1 To Deviation as shown. RX TEST SINAD 0 Modulation Acceptance Bandwidth 86 dB 12.08 Avg AC Level RF Gen Freq 146.519000 MHz AFGen1 Freq 1.0000 kHz AFGen2 Freq 1.0000 kHz Filter 1 50Hz HPF Amplitude -119.4 dbm AFGen1 To FM 7.70 kHz AFGen2 To FM Off Filter 2 15kHz HPF Atten Hold On/Off Output Port RF Out/Dupl W 0.6950 24 Ext Load R 8.
FM Receivers FM Variation Of Sensitivity With Signal Frequency Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s usable bandwidth (at 12 dB SINAD). A reference is established (at 12 dB SINAD), then the level is increased by 6 dB. Frequency is increased and decreased until the SINAD of 12 dB is again obtained. Usable bandwidth is then calculated. Reference is EIA-204-D.
FM Receivers Additional Equipment Required Special Test Considerations Test Load See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 88 4 Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5 Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6 Set AFGen1 To 60% of the Receiver’s specified maximum frequency deviation (typically 3 kHz).
FM Receivers On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 9 Set power to ON. 10 If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4. 11 Set squelch to minimum. 12 Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped). 13 Set coded squelch feature (if equipped) to OFF. NOTE: Failure to set coded squelch to off will cause the SINAD measurement to be incorrect. 14 Set the volume control until the AC Level reads 100% of the Receiver’s rated audio output power.
FM Receivers ❒ If desired, use the meter averaging function for the SINAD indicator. a Select dB on the SINAD meter. b Press the AVG key. ❒ If desired, select the number of readings to average. • Enter the number of readings to average. Higher number of readings averaged will require longer to reach the final indication. 16 Increase Amplitude (more positive) by 6 dB. 17 Increase RF Gen Freq (in 100 Hz steps) until the SINAD meter again reads 12 dB.
FM Receivers FM 20 dB Quieting Sensitivity Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s quieting sensitivity (20 dB reduction in noise). A reference is established with no signal at the Receiver’s antenna, then an un-modulated carrier is applied and the RF amplitude is increased until a 20 dB reduction in noise is measured at the audio output.
FM Receivers Additional Equipment Required Special Test Considerations Test Load See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 92 4 Set RF Gen Freq to receiver operating frequency. 5 Set AFGen1 to OFF. 6 Set Amplitude to OFF. 7 Set Ext Load R to the test load resistance. 8 Set AC Level meter to measure Watts.
FM Receivers On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 9 Set power to ON. 10 If required, set frequency to same value as step 4. 11 Set squelch to minimum. 12 Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped). 13 Set coded squelch feature (if equipped) to OFF. Refer to "Coded Squelch" on page 47 for information on opening Receivers with coded squelch. 14 Set the volume control until the AC Level reads 25% of the Receiver’s rated audio output power.
FM Receivers FM Critical and Maximum Squelch Sensitivity Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s critical squelch and maximum squelch sensitivity. For critical squelch, the receiver is just squelched with minimum modulated input at the Receiver’s antenna, then the input is increased until the squelch is opened. Maximum squelch is the amount of modulated signal required to open the squelch when the control is set to maximum.
FM Receivers Special Test Considerations See "Coded Squelch" on page 47. Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4 Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5 Set Amplitude to −137 dBm. On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 6 Set power to ON. 7 If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4. 8 Set squelch to minimum.
FM Receivers On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 13 Slowly increase the Amplitude until squelch just remains open. Critical Squelch is displayed as Amplitude as shown. • Record this level. RX TEST SINAD dB 0 Squelch Sensitivity 2.23 Avg AC Level dB -20.34 24 Ref RF Gen Freq 145.280000 MHz AFGen1 Freq 1.0000 kHz AFGen2 Freq 1.0000 kHz Filter 1 50Hz HPF Amplitude 0.0890 AFGen1 To FM 3.
FM Receivers FM CTCSS Sensitivity and Bandwidth Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System (CTCSS) sensitivity and bandwidth. For sensitivity, the minimum signal input at the Receiver’s antenna (modulated with tone) that opens the squelch is measured and displayed. Squelch hysteresis is also measured and calculated. Tone frequency is then increased and decreased until the squelch boundaries are determined and the Bandwidth is calculated.
FM Receivers Additional Equipment Required Special Test Considerations Test Load See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4 Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5 Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6 Set AFGen1 To 60% of the Receiver’s specified maximum frequency deviation (typically 3 kHz).
FM Receivers On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 11 Set power to ON. 12 If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4 13 If required, set CTCSS tone frequency to the same value as step 4 14 Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped). 15 Set squelch control to minimum (if equipped). 16 Set the volume control until the AC Level reads 100% of the Receiver’s specified audio output. Refer to the audio output specifications for the receiver being tested.
FM Receivers just closes. • Record the frequency. CTCSS Bandwidth RX TEST SINAD 0 dB 11.68 Avg AC Level RF Gen Freq 145.280000 MHz AFGen1 Freq 1.0000 kHz AFGen2 Freq 101.8 Hz Filter 1 50Hz HPF Amplitude -47.0 AFGen1 To FM 3.00 kHz AFGen2 To FM 5.00 Hz Filter 2 15kHz HPF uV Atten Hold On/Off Output Port RF Out/Dupl W 0.6584 24 Ext Load R 8.
FM Receivers FM CDCSS Sensitivity Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s Continuous Digital Coded Squelch System (CTCSS) sensitivity. The minimum signal input at the Receiver’s antenna (modulated with digital code) that opens the squelch is measured and displayed. Squelch hysteresis is also measured and calculated.
FM Receivers Additional Equipment Required Special Test Considerations Test Load See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key. Using the knob and data keys: 4 Select the ENCODER screen. 5 Set Mode to CDCSS. 6 Set Standard to CDCSS. 7 Set Code to the Receiver’s CDCSS 3-digit octal code. 8 Set Send Mode to Cont. 9 Set FM Coupling to DC. 10 Set AFGen2 To to 500 Hz. 11 Select Send.
FM Receivers Once the Sending: 13 Press the PREV key to return to the RX TEST screen. 14 Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 15 Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 16 Set AFGen1 To 60% of the Receiver’s specified maximum frequency deviation (typically 3 kHz). 17 Set Ext Load R to the test load resistance. 18 Set AC Level meter to measure Watts. On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 19 Set power to ON. 20 If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4j.
FM Receivers On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 24 Verify Receiver’s squelch is closed. 25 Set Amplitude to −137 dBm. 26 Slowly increase the Amplitude until the squelch remains open and the SINAD indicator shows 10 dB (minimum). CDCSS Sensitivity is displayed as Amplitude as shown. RX TEST SINAD CDCSS Squelch Sensitivity AC Level dB 0 10.18 Avg V 2.341 24 RF Gen Freq 145.280000 MHz AFGen1 Freq 1.0000 kHz AFGen2 Send Stop Filter 1 50Hz HPF Amplitude 0.351 AFGen1 To FM 3.
FM Receivers FM Audio Frequency Response Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s audio frequency response. A reference is established at 50% of the Receiver’s rated audio output, then the output is measured while the audio frequency is varied over the receivers range. The FM reference is ANSI/EIA/TIA-204D.
FM Receivers Additional Equipment Required Special Test Considerations Test Load See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. See "Coded Squelch" on page 47. Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4 Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5 Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6 Set AFGen1 To 60% of the Receiver’s specified maximum frequency deviation (typically 3 kHz).
FM Receivers On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 15 Set AFGen1 To 20% of the Receiver’s maximum frequency deviation (1 kHz for Receivers with specified maximum frequency deviation of 5 kHz). 16 Select AC Level. 17 Press the REF SET key. 18 Change AFGen1 Freq from 300 Hz to 3 kHz while observing AC Level Meter. Frequency Response is displayed on the screen as AC Level in relative dB (from 300Hz to 3 kHz) as shown.
FM Receivers FM Audio Distortion Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s audio distortion. Distortion is measured at full rated audio output and 17 dB below full rated audio output. Measurement is read directly from the HP 8920A screen. The FM reference is ANSI/EIA/TIA-204D.
FM Receivers Additional Equipment Required Special Test Considerations Test Load See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. See "Coded Squelch" on page 47. Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4 Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5 Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6 Set AFGen1 To 60% of the Receiver’s specified maximum frequency deviation (typically 3 kHz).
FM Receivers On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 14 Change SINAD meter to read Distortion. Distortion is displayed as shown. RX TEST Distn AC Level % 1.2 Distortion dB -17.18 Ref RF Gen Freq 145.280000 MHz AFGen1 Freq 1.0000 kHz AFGen2 Freq 1.0000 kHz Filter 1 50Hz HPF Amplitude -47.0 dBm AFGen1 To FM 3.00 kHz AFGen2 To FM Off Filter 2 15kHz HPF Atten Hold On/Off Output Port RF Out/Dupl Ext Load R 8.
FM Receivers FM Spurious Response Attenuation Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s spurious response attenuation (the receiver’s ability to prevent unwanted signals from causing response in the audio output). A reference is established, and high level modulated signals from 1 MHz to 1000 MHz (or as required) are input to the Receiver while audio output response is measured. FM reference is ANSI/EIA/TIA-204D.
FM Receivers Additional Equipment Required Special Test Considerations Signal Generator (HP 8647A) and a Power Splitter/Combiner (HP 11636A). See "Coded Squelch" on page 47. Measurement Procedure: CAUTION: Before connecting the Signal Generator, set RF Output power to OFF (or maximum attenuation). 1 Connect the Receiver and Signal Generator as shown. On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key.
FM Receivers On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 14 Decrease Amplitude until the SINAD meter reads 12 dB. ❒ If desired, use the meter averaging function for the SINAD indicator. a Select dB on the SINAD meter. b Press the AVG key. ❒ If desired, select the number of readings to average. • Enter the number of readings to average. Higher number of readings averaged will require longer to reach the final indication. RX TEST SINAD AC Level dB 0 9.51 Avg RF Gen Freq 145.
FM Receivers On the Signal Generator: 17 Set RF Power to ON. 18 Set Output Level to 31.6 mV. 19 Set Output Frequency to lowest frequency being checked (typically <1 MHz). 20 Set Modulation to internal FM. 21 Set Modulation rate to 400 Hz. 22 Set Modulation Deviation to 3 kHz. 23 Tune the Signal Generator in 1 kHz steps from the minimum to maximum frequency and note frequencies where SINAD decreases below 12 dB.
4 Testing AM Radios 115
Introduction Introduction Each procedure may contain the following information: • • • • A brief measurement overview and a reference to applicable TIA/EIA specifications for each test. A list of the Test Set options and additional test equipment required to perform the procedure. Any special test considerations that need to be considered for safety, measurement accuracy, etc. Step by step procedures required to perform each measurement (with illustrations).
List of Tests List of Tests AM Transmitter Measurements "AM Off The Air Monitoring/Determining Unknown Transmitter Carrier Frequency" on page 119. "AM Output Power, Deviation, and Frequency/Frequency Error Measurement" on page 122. "AM Microphone Sensitivity and Modulation Limiting Measurement" on page 125. "AM Audio Distortion Measurement" on page 128. "AM Harmonics and Spurious Output Measurement" on page 130. "AM Envelope Display Measurement" on page 133.
AM Transmitters AM Transmitters The following measurements are provided for testing AM Transmitters. The procedures are arranged in the order that tests are typically performed.
AM Transmitters AM Off The Air Monitoring/Determining Unknown Transmitter Carrier Frequency Description This procedure is used to locate, demodulate, and measure an AM signal’s output carrier frequency. The low level signal is input to the front-panel ANT IN connector, located, then demodulated using the spectrum analyzer function. NOTE: For Performing an AM Off the Air Monitoring on a Known Transmitter Carrier Frequency, page 121.
AM Transmitters Test Set Options Required Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102) Additional Equipment Required Whip antenna Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Antenna to the ANT IN connector. CAUTION: Do not exceed the connector’s rated input or permanent instrument damage may result. On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 3 4 5 6 7 120 Set AF Anl In to AM Demod. Select the SPEC ANL screen. From the Controls select Ant.
AM Transmitters Once the desired carrier is found: 8 From Controls, select Main. 9 Select Marker from the Choices field. 10 Use the Marker To field to select the desired carrier. On the Test Set frequency and level are displayed as shown. SPECTRUM ANALYZER BW= 3 kHz Marker Freq MHz 101.12980 Lvl dBm -99.92 Level & Frequency displayed 11 To demodulate the carrier: a. With the marker on the desired carrier, select Marker To to Center Freq. b. From Controls, select Main. c.
AM Transmitters AM Output Power, Deviation, and Frequency/Frequency Error Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an AM Transmitter’s output carrier power and frequency (or frequency error) into 50 Ω. For AM Transmitters, modulation depth and modulating frequency are measured.
AM Transmitters Test Set Options Required The typical error for the standard Test Set timebase is 2-3 Hz per 1 MHz (when measuring carrier frequency). If greater accuracy is required, use a Test with Option 001 (High Stability Timebase). Special Test Considerations "Cable and Adapter Loss" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Transmitter Under Test as shown. CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute).
AM Transmitters 9. Determine if actual frequency readout or frequency error is the desired measurement. ❒ For actual frequency readout, continue with step 10. ❒ For frequency error: • Set Tune Mode to Manual. • Set Tune Freq to the expected carrier frequency. On the Radio: 10. Key the Transmitter. As long as the Transmitter is keyed the measurement results will display. Frequency TX TEST TX Freq Error MHz 0.169 Frequency 3.579 TX TEST TX Frequency MHz AM Depth 28.
AM Transmitters AM Microphone Sensitivity and Modulation Limiting Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an AM Transmitter’s audio input sensitivity, and modulation limiting capability (if available). Modulation limiting is verified over the Transmitter’s audio frequency range.
AM Transmitters Special Test Considerations See "Incidental Audio" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Transmitter as shown. CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute). On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. 3. Press the TX key. Using the knob and data keys: 4. Set AF Anl In to AM Demod. 5. Set Filter 1 to 300 Hz HPF. 6. Set Filter 2 to 3 kHz LPF. On the Radio: 7.
AM Transmitters TX TEST TX Frequency MHz AM Depth 28.310176 TX Power % 31.2 W AF Freq 18.3 kHz 0.99852 Tune Mode Auto/Manual Input Port RF in/Ant AF Anl In AM Demod AFGen1 Freq 1.0000 kHz Tune Freq 28.310000 MHz IF Filter 15 kHz AFGen1 Lvl 3.00 mV TX Pwr Zero Zero Ext TX Key On/Off Filter 1 300Hz HPF Filter 2 3kHz LPF De-Emphasis 750 us/Off Detector Pk+-Max To Screen RF GEN RF ANL AF ANL SCOPE SPEC ANL ENCODER DECODER RADIO INT More Microphone Sensitivity 9.
AM Transmitters AM Audio Distortion Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an AM Transmitter’s audio frequency harmonic distortion level.
AM Transmitters Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Transmitter as shown. CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute) or permanent instrument damage may result. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. 3. Press the TX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4. Set AF Anl In to AM Demod. 5. Set Filter 1 to 300 Hz HPF. 6. Select the AF Freq Meter. 7. Select Distn from the Choices field. 8.
AM Transmitters AM Harmonics and Spurious Output Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an AM Transmitter’s conducted harmonic and spurious emissions. The spectrum analyzer option is used to display harmonic and spurious components from 400 kHz to 1000 MHz.
AM Transmitters Test Set Options Required Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102) Special Test Considerations Cable and adapter mismatch must be considered when measuring harmonics and spurious emissions of a transmitter. If an external attenuator is used, special care must be taken to ensure the attenuator is not causing any spurious or harmonic emission.
AM Transmitters 7. Select SPEC ANL screen. 8. Set Span to 1.1 MHz. 9. Set Ref Level to place the carrier peak at the top graticule line. To set Ref Level: • • From the Marker screen, select Marker To Peak Select Marker To Ref Level 10. Tune Center Freq in 1 MHz steps anywhere from 400 kHz to 1 GHz in search of harmonics, subharmonics, multiples, or spurious emissions. 11. Un-key the Transmitter.
AM Transmitters AM Envelope Display Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an AM Transmitter’s AM envelope. In order to display the envelope on the Oscilloscope, the SSB demodulator is used to down convert the incoming RF signal to an IF frequency of 20 Hz.
AM Transmitters Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Transmitter as shown. CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute) or permanent instrument damage may result. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. 3. Press the TX key. On the Radio: 4. Key the Transmitter. On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 5. Set AF Anl In to AM Demod. 6. Adjust AFGen1 Lvl until AM Depth is 80%.
AM Transmitters On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 8. Set Tune Mode to Manual. 9. Set Tune Freq to a frequency 20 kHz higher than presently indicated (e.g., if current Tune Freq is 120.540000 MHz, change to 120.560000 MHz). 10. Set AF Anl In to SSB Demod. 11. Set IF Filter to 230 kHz. 12. Set Filter 1 to <20 Hz HPF. 13. Set Filter 2 to >99 kHz LP. 14. Set De-Emphasis to Off. 15. Select SCOPE. On the Radio: 16. Key the Transmitter and keep it keyed until the remaining steps are completed.
AM Receivers AM Receivers The following measurements are provided for testing AM Receivers. The procedures are arranged in the order that tests are typically performed.
AM Receivers AM Audio Output Power Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an AM Receiver’s maximum audio output power (or rated output power) into a Test Load. Output power is displayed (in various measurement units, including watts) on the Test Set screen.
AM Receivers Additional Equipment Required Test Load Special Test Considerations See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. 3. Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4. Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5. Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6. Set AFGen1 To AM at the desired modulation depth (typically 30%). 7. Set Ext Load R to the test load resistance. 8.
AM Receivers On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 9. Set power to ON. 10. If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4. 11. Set squelch to minimum. 12. Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped). 13. Slowly increase volume control until the AC Level reaches the Receiver’s rated output power, or reaches a maximum level (stops increasing). Refer to audio output specifications for the Receiver being tested as required.
AM Receivers AM Sensitivity Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an AM Receiver’s receiver sensitivity. Sensitivity is displayed (in various measurement units) on the Test Set screen.
AM Receivers Additional Equipment Required Test Load Special Test Considerations See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. 3. Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4. Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5. Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6. Set AFGen1 To AM at the desired modulation depth (typically 30%). 7. Set Ext Load R to the test load resistance. 8.
AM Receivers On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 9. Set power to ON. 10. If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4. 11. Set squelch to minimum. 12. Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped). 13. Set the volume control until the AC Level reads 100% of the Receiver’s specified audio output. Refer to the audio output specifications for the receiver being tested. On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 14. Decrease Amplitude until the SINAD meter reads 10 dB.
AM Receivers AM AGC Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an AM Receiver’s Automatic Gain Control (AGC). A reference is established at 13 dB below full rated audio output, and the Receiver’s output level and distortion are measured with inputs varying from 500 mV to 5 Ω V.
AM Receivers Additional Equipment Required Test Load Special Test Considerations See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. 3. Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4. Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5. Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6. Set Output Port to Dupl. 7. Set AFGen1 To AM at the desired modulation depth (typically 30%). 8.
AM Receivers 17. Decrease the receiver’s volume control until the AC Level meter reads −13 dB. 18. Select AC Level 19. Press the REF SET key. 20. Change SINAD meter to read Distortion. 21. Tune Amplitude over the range of 500 mV to 5 Ω V. Distortion (for given input) is displayed as shown (should not exceed ±10%). Relative output level (for given input) is displayed as AC Level (should not exceed ±10 dB). RX TEST SINAD dB 0 25.16 AC Level dB :Output -3.
AM Receivers AM Squelch Sensitivity Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an AM Receiver’s critical squelch and maximum squelch sensitivity. For critical squelch, the receiver is just squelched with minimum modulated input at the Receiver’s antenna, then the input is increased until the squelch is opened. Maximum squelch is the amount of modulated signal required to open the squelch when the control is set to maximum.
AM Receivers Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. 3. Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4. Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5. Set Amplitude to −137 dBm. 6. Set AFGen1 To AM at desired modulation depth (typically 30%). On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 7. Set power to ON. 8. Set AFGen1 To AM at desired modulation depth (typically 30%). 9.
AM Receivers On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 15. Slowly increase the Amplitude until squelch just remains open. Critical Squelch is displayed as Amplitude as shown. • Record this level. RX TEST SINAD dB 0 Squelch Sensitivity 20.44 AC Level RF Gen Freq 28.310000 MHz AFGen1 Freq 1.0000 kHz AFGen2 Freq 1.0000 kHz Filter 1 50Hz HPF Amplitude 1.58 AFGen1 To AM 30.0 AFGen2 To FM Off Filter 2 15kHz HPF uV Atten Hold On/Off % V 0.
AM Receivers AM Audio Frequency Response Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an AM Receiver’s audio frequency response. A reference is established at 50% of the Receiver’s rated audio output, then the output is measured while the audio frequency is varied over the receivers range.
AM Receivers Additional Equipment Required Test Load Special Test Considerations See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. 3. Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4. Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5. Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6. Set AFGen1 To AM at desired modulation depth (typically 30%). 7. Set Filter 1 to <20 Hz HPF. 8.
AM Receivers On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 15. Select AC Level. 16. Press the REF SET key. 17. Change AFGen1 Freq from 300 Hz to 3 kHz while observing AC Level Meter. Frequency Response is displayed on the screen as AC Level in relative dB (from 300Hz to 3 kHz) as shown.
AM Receivers AM Audio Distortion Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an AM Receiver’s audio distortion. Distortion is measured at full rated audio output and 17 dB below full rated audio output. Measurement is read directly from the Test Set screen.
AM Receivers Additional Equipment Required Test Load Special Test Considerations See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. 3. Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4. Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5. Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6. Set AFGen1 To AM at desired modulation depth (typically 30%). 7. Set Ext Load R to the test load resistance. 8.
AM Receivers On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 14. Change SINAD meter to read Distortion. Distortion is displayed as shown. RX TEST Distn AC Level % 2.3 Distortion dB -17.18 Ref RF Gen Freq 28.310000 MHz AFGen1 Freq 1.0000 kHz AFGen2 Freq 1.0000 kHz Filter 1 50Hz HPF Amplitude -47.0 dBm AFGen1 To AM 30.0 AFGen2 To FM Off Filter 2 15kHz HPF Atten Hold On/Off % Output Port RF Out/Dupl Ext Load R 8.
AM Receivers AM Spurious Response Attenuation Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an AM Receiver’s spurious response attenuation (the receiver’s ability to prevent unwanted signals from causing response in the audio output). A reference is established, and high level modulated signals from 1 MHz to 1000 MHz (or as required) are input to the Receiver while audio output response is measured.
AM Receivers Additional Equipment Required Signal Generator (HP 8647A) and a Power Splitter/Combiner (HP 11636A). Measurement Procedure: CAUTION: Before connecting the Signal Generator, set RF Output power to OFF (or maximum attenuation). 1. Connect the Receiver and Signal Generator as shown. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. 3. Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4. Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5. Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6.
AM Receivers On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 14. Decrease Amplitude until the SINAD meter reads 10 dB. ❒ If desired, use the meter averaging function for the SINAD indicator. a. Select dB on the SINAD meter. b. Press the AVG key. ❒ If desired, select the number of readings to average. • Enter the number of readings to average. Higher number of readings averaged will require longer to reach the final indication. RX TEST SINAD AC Level dB 0 9.51 Avg RF Gen Freq 145.
AM Receivers On the Signal Generator: 17. Set RF Power to ON. 18. Set Output Level to 31.6 mV. 19. Set Output Frequency to lowest frequency being checked (typically <1 MHz). 20. Set Modulation to internal AM. 21. Set Modulation rate to 400 Hz. 22. Set Modulation Depth to 30%. 23. Tune the Signal Generator in 1 kHz steps from the minimum to maximum frequency and note frequencies where SINAD decreases below 10 dB.
5 Testing SSB Radios 159
Introduction Introduction Each procedure may contain the following information: • • • • A brief measurement overview and a reference to applicable TIA/EIA specifications for each test. A list of the Test Set options and additional test equipment required to perform the procedure. Any special test considerations that need to be considered for safety, measurement accuracy, etc. Step by step procedures required to perform each measurement (with illustrations).
List of Tests List of Tests SSB Transmitter Measurements "SSB Frequency or Frequency Error Measurement" on page 163. "SSB Rated Output Power/Carrier Suppression Measurement" on page 166. "SSB Harmonics and Spurious Output Measurement" on page 170. SSB Receiver Measurements "SSB Audio Output Power and Distortion Measurement" on page 174. "SSB Sensitivity Measurement" on page 178. "SSB Squelch Sensitivity Measurement" on page 182.
SSB Transmitters SSB Transmitters The following measurements are provided for testing SSB Transmitters. The procedures are arranged in the order that tests are typically performed.
SSB Transmitters SSB Frequency or Frequency Error Measurement This procedure is used to measure a SSB Transmitter’s frequency (or frequency error) into 50 Ω. The transmitted signal frequency is measured, then dependent on the side-band (upper or lower) used, the actual frequency or frequency error is calculated.
SSB Transmitters Test Set Options Required The typical error for the standard Test Set timebase is 2-3 Hz per 1 MHz (when measuring carrier frequency). If greater frequency accuracy is required, use an Test Set with Option 001 (High Stability Timebase).
SSB Transmitters On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 8. Set AFGen1 Lvl until a measurable RF signal is displayed (typically >5-10 mV). Frequency or frequency error is displayed as shown. Frequency TX TEST TX Freq Error kHz kHz -0.119 Frequency 3.579 TX TEST TX Frequency AC Level kHz 28.310885 Output Power TX Power V 0.2845 W AF Freq 19.5 kHz 0.16522 Tune Mode Auto/Manual Input Port RF in/Ant AF Anl In SSB Demod AFGen1 Freq 1.0000 MHz Tune Freq 28.
SSB Transmitters SSB Rated Output Power/Carrier Suppression Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure a SSB Transmitter’s rated output power into 50 Ω. The transmitter is modulated with two separate audio signals at different frequencies. The amplitude of each audio signal is adjusted until the transmitted side-band signals are equal as displayed on the spectrum analyzer screen. Once properly adjusted, the RF Output power is measured.
SSB Transmitters Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102) Test Set Options Required "Cable and Adapter Loss" on page 46. Special Test Considerations Also, the accuracy and stability of both the AF source and the RF power measurement device, and knowledge of the transmitter’s carrier suppression and the current operating side-band selection are required for precise measurements. Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Transmitter as shown.
SSB Transmitters 10. Select SPEC ANL screen. 11. Set Center Freq to transmitter frequency + 1 kHz (USB) or − 1 kHz (LSB) depending on side-band mode. 12. Set Ref Level to +50 dBm. To set Ref Level: • • From the Marker screen, select Marker To Peak Select Marker To Ref Level 13. Set Span to 5 kHz. On the Radio: 14. Key the Transmitter. On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 15. Adjust Ref Level and/or Span as required to display the signal. 16.
SSB Transmitters NOTE: Test set up and cabling for this test are critical. RF feedback into the Transmitter audio input may cause the displayed waveform to be distorted. Use caution to carefully bypass input lines at the microphone connector when performing this test. 17. Verify that the distortion products (smaller signals to either side of the sideband signals) do not exceed the Transmitter’s specification.
SSB Transmitters SSB Harmonics and Spurious Output Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an SSB Transmitter’s conducted harmonic and spurious emissions. The spectrum analyzer option is used to display harmonic and spurious components from 400 kHz to 1000 MHz.
SSB Transmitters Test Set Options Required Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102) Special Test Considerations Cable and adapter mismatch must be considered when measuring harmonics and spurious emissions of a transmitter. If an external attenuator is used, special care must be taken to ensure the attenuator is not causing any spurious or harmonic emission.
SSB Transmitters 7. Select SPEC ANL screen. 8. Set Span to 1.1 MHz. 9. Set Ref Level to place the carrier peak at the top graticule line. To set Ref Level: • • From the Marker screen, select Marker To Peak Select Marker To Ref Level 10. Tune Center Freq in 1 MHz steps anywhere from 400 kHz to 1 GHz in search of harmonics, subharmonics, multiples, or spurious emissions. .
SSB Receivers SSB Receivers The following measurements are provided for testing SSB Receivers. The procedures are arranged in the order that tests are typically performed.
SSB Receivers SSB Audio Output Power and Distortion Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an SSB Receiver’s audio output power and distortion into a Test Load. Output power is displayed (in various measurement units, including watts) on the Test Set screen. Distortion is measured and displayed at one-half the rated audio output. Reference is IEC 489-5, paragraph 3.1.2.
SSB Receivers Additional Equipment Required Test Load Special Test Considerations See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. 3. Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4. Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. NOTE: RF Gen Freq is dependent on the Receiver’s mode (LSB/USB) and the audio frequency desired (normally 1 kHz).
SSB Receivers On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 10. Set power to ON. 11. Set mode to LSB or USB. 12. If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4. 13. Set squelch to minimum. 14. Set RIT to center or disable (if equipped). 15. Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped). On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 16. Change the value of RF Gen Freq until the AF Freq meter reads 1 kHz. On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 17.
SSB Receivers On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 18. Set AF Freq meter to measure Distortion. 19. Select AC Level. 20. Press the REF SET key. On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 21. Decrease the Receiver’s volume control until the AC Level meter reads −3 dB. Distortion measurement results are displayed on the screen as shown. RX TEST Distortion Distn % AC Level 1.08224 dB -3.10 Ref Avg RF Gen Freq 28.310700 MHz AFGen1 Freq 1.0000 kHz AFGen2 Freq 1.
SSB Receivers SSB Sensitivity Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an SSB Receiver’s receiver sensitivity. Sensitivity is displayed (in various measurement units) on the Test Set screen.
SSB Receivers Additional Equipment Required Test Load Special Test Considerations See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. 3. Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4. Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5. Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6. Set AFGen1 To OFF. 7. Set Ext Load R to the test load resistance. 8. Set AC Level meter to measure Watts. 9.
SSB Receivers On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 16. Change the value of RF Gen Freq until the AF Freq meter reads 1 kHz. On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 17. Set the Receiver’s volume control until the AC Level meter indicates the Receiver’s rated output power. Refer to audio output specifications for the Receiver being tested as required. If unknown, increase the volume control until the AC Level meter stops increasing (or at maximum).
SSB Receivers On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 21. Decrease the Receiver’s volume control until the AC Level meter reads −6 dB. On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 22. Decrease Amplitude until the SINAD meter reads 12 dB. Sensitivity (at 12dB SINAD) is displayed on the screen as Amplitude as shown. RX TEST SINAD 0 Sensitivity dB 12.57 Avg AC Level dB -33.12 24 Ref RF Gen Freq 28.310700 MHz AFGen1 Freq 1.0000 kHz AFGen2 Freq 1.
SSB Receivers SSB Squelch Sensitivity Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure an SSB Receiver’s critical squelch and maximum squelch sensitivity. For critical squelch, the receiver is just squelched with minimum modulated input at the Receiver’s antenna, then the input is increased until the squelch is opened. Maximum squelch is the amount of modulated signal required to open the squelch when the control is set to maximum.
SSB Receivers Additional Equipment Required Test Load Special Test Considerations See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Receiver as shown. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. 3. Press the RX key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 4. Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5. Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6. Set AFGen1 To OFF. 7. Set Ext Load R to the test load resistance. 8. Set AC Level meter to measure Watts. 9.
SSB Receivers On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 16. Change the value of RF Gen Freq until the AF Freq meter reads 1 kHz. On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 17. Set the Receiver’s volume control until the AC Level meter indicates the Receiver’s rated output power. Refer to audio output specifications for the Receiver being tested as required. If unknown, increase the volume control until the AC Level meter stops increasing (or at maximum).
SSB Receivers 21. Set Amplitude to −137 dBm and verify squelch closes. If not, repeat step 19. & step 20. 22. Increase until the Receiver’s squelch just opens. • Record this level. 23. Decrease Amplitude until the Receiver’s squelch just closes. • Record this level. Calculate the reading: 24. Minimum Squelch Hysteresis is the difference between the two readings. On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 25. Increase Amplitude until the Receiver’s squelch just opens. • Record this level.
SSB Receivers 186
6 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements 187
Introduction Introduction Each procedure may contain the following information: • • • • A brief measurement overview and a reference to applicable TIA/EIA specifications for each test. A list of the Test Set options and additional test equipment required to perform the procedure. Any special test considerations that need to be considered for safety, measurement accuracy, etc. Step by step procedures required to perform each measurement (with illustrations).
List of Measurements List of Measurements Spectrum Analyzer Measurements "Measuring Transmitter High/Low Power Signals" on page 191. "Field Strength Measurements" on page 196. "Analyzing External Transmitter Inter-modulation Distortion" on page 200. Tracking Generator Measurements "Basic Measurements with the Tracking Generator" on page 206. "Antenna Return Loss (VSWR) Measurement & Tuning" on page 210. "1/4 Wave Coaxial Filter Tuning (Swept)" on page 214. "Cable Fault Locations" on page 218.
Using the Spectrum Analyzer Using the Spectrum Analyzer The Spectrum Analyzer can be used to measure signals from 400 kHz to 1 GHz, with variable spans from 5 kHz to 1 GHz (full span). A tunable marker is provided for automatic readout of frequency and amplitude, or relative frequency and amplitude from a reference.
Using the Spectrum Analyzer Measuring Transmitter High/Low Power Signals This procedure is provided as an overview of the optional Spectrum Analyzer’s operation. The screen choices and displayed parameters are described and illustrated.
Using the Spectrum Analyzer Test Set Options Required Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102) Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the signal input to the RF IN/OUT or ANT IN connector. • • CAUTION: Use the RF IN/OUT connector for measuring Transmitter output or other high-power signals. Use the ANT IN connector for all other low level signals (provides higher sensitivity). Do not exceed the connector’s rated input or permanent instrument damage may result. On the Test Set: 2.
Using the Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Using the Main Control Fields: • From Controls select RF In if the input signal is connected to the RF IN/ OUT connector. • From Controls select Ant if the input signal is connected to the ANT IN connector. • Center Freq sets the frequency at the center of the screen. • Ref Level sets the amplitude reference level (top line of the display). • Span sets the span of frequencies displayed on the screen.
Using the Spectrum Analyzer Measurement Using the Marker Control Fields: • Position positions the marker on the screen. Displayed marker Freq and Lvl are automatically updated. • Marker To sets the marker to the signal with the largest Peak, the signal with the Next largest Peak, to the Center Frequency, or to the Reference Level. Relative frequency and amplitude measurements such as filter bandwidth, duplexer rejection/insertion loss, or harmonic level can be performed using the “Delta” marker function.
Using the Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Using the Auxiliary Control Fields: • From Controls select Off to update the display after each sweep, or Pk Hold to retain the highest input value for each point in successive sweeps. • Input Atten sets the input attenuator to Automatic or Hold. If Hold is selected, a specific level can also be selected. • From Sensitivity select Normal for normal input sensitivity, or High for increased input sensitivity (<1 µV) to locate low level signals.
Using the Spectrum Analyzer Field Strength Measurements Description This procedure is used to measure and calculate field strength with the Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator option. A calibrated antenna is connected to the ANT IN connector, a measurement is performed, and the field strength is calculated (in dBµV/m or µV/m).
Using the Spectrum Analyzer Test Set Options Required Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102) Additional Equipment Required Calibrated antenna Special Test Considerations The antenna should be resonant at the frequency of interest. Also, to accurately calculate field strength, the antenna factor or gain of the antenna must be known, and losses in the cable connecting the antenna to the Test Set should be factored in (depending on cable length and/or operating frequency).
Using the Spectrum Analyzer Antenna: 12 Rotate the Calibrated Antenna on each axis until the maximum input signal strength is achieved. Record the signal level (in dBµV) as shown.
Using the Spectrum Analyzer Calculate the Field Strength: 13 Calculate Field Strength as follows: Field Strength (in dBµV) = Signal Level (step 7) + Antenna Factor For example, (34.98 dBµV) + (+7.4 dB/m) = 42.38 dBµV/m ❒ If Antenna Factor is not known, calculate using Antenna Gain as follows: Antenna Factor (50Ω) = 20 log freq (MHz) − Gain (db) − 29.8dB Antenna Factor (75Ω) = 20 log freq (MHz) − Gain (db) − 31.5dB For example, Ant Factor = 20 log 144.68 − 6db − 29.8 dB = 7.
Using the Spectrum Analyzer Analyzing External Transmitter Inter-modulation Distortion This procedures used to display, measure, and demodulate high-order inter-modulation distortion products using the Spectrum Analyzer/ Tracking Generator option.
Using the Spectrum Analyzer Test Set Options Required Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102) Additional Equipment Required Whip Antenna NOTE: When two signals F1 and F2 are present in a system, they can mix with the second harmonics generated 2F1 and 2F2 and create higher order intermodulation distortion products.
Using the Spectrum Analyzer Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Antenna to the ANT IN connector. CAUTION: Do not exceed the connector’s rated input or permanent instrument damage may result. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 3. Select the SPEC ANL screen. 4. From the Controls select Ant. 5. Set Center Freq and Span fields to view desired frequency range. 6. Set Ref Level from −30 dBm to −50 dBm as required to view the desired signal. On the Radio: 7.
Using the Spectrum Analyzer Determine Distortion Products: 8. Record the frequency and level of all signals of interest. If further analysis is desired: On the SPECTRUM ANALYZER screen: 9. From the Controls select Main. 10. Select Marker from the Choices field. 11. Use the Marker To to select the desired carrier. Frequency and level are displayed as shown.
Using the Spectrum Analyzer To Demodulate the Product: These steps are used to help determine which transmitter is causing the distortion. 12. Position the marker on the desired carrier. 13. Select Marker To to Center Freq. 14. From the Controls select Marker. 15. Select Main from the Choices field. 16. Decrease the Span to 1.5 MHz (or less). 17. Adjust the Volume and Squelch controls to listen to the demodulated product.
Using the Tracking Generator Using the Tracking Generator The Optional Tracking Generator allows for quick and accurate characterization of filters, duplexers, combiners, and RF to IF conversions. Broadband RF devices can be characterized with single sweeps due to the full-span sweep capability to 1 GHz. The tracking generator also includes amplitude and frequency offset. Output from the Tracking Generator are provided at either the front panel RF IN/ OUT or DUPLEX OUT connector.
Using the Tracking Generator Basic Measurements with the Tracking Generator This procedure is provided as an overview of the optional Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator’s operation. The screen choices and displayed parameters are described and illustrated.
Using the Tracking Generator Test Set Options Required Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102) Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the signal input to the RF IN/OUT or DUPLEX OUT connector. CAUTION: Do not exceed the connector’s rated input or permanent instrument damage may result. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 3. Select SPEC ANL screen. 4. From the Controls field, select Main. 5. Select RF Gen from the Choices field. 6.
Using the Tracking Generator Measurements Using the Track Control Fields: • From Controls select Track. • Offset Freq sets the difference between the instantaneous frequencies of the Tracking Generator RF output and the Center Frequency of the Spectrum Analyzer. The frequency range is determined by the Spectrum Analyzer’s Span setting. NOTE: The offset function is useful when looking at frequency translating devices, or anytime you need to sweep around a frequency while analyzing another.
Using the Tracking Generator Measurements Using the Fixed Control Fields: • From Controls select Fixed. • RF Gen Freq sets the RF output frequency. • Amplitude sets the RF output amplitude. • Output Port routes the RF output to the RF Out or Duplexer Out connector.
Using the Tracking Generator Antenna Return Loss (VSWR) Measurement & Tuning Description This procedure is used to measure the return loss of an antenna through a directional bridge and the Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator option. Return loss is measured and can be converted into VSWR using a table.
Using the Tracking Generator Test Set Options Required Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102) Additional Equipment Required Return Loss Bridge or Directional Coupler and an Antenna Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the bridge or coupler as shown. CAUTION: Do not exceed the connector’s rated input or permanent instrument damage may result. On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 NOTE: Select the SPEC ANL screen.
Using the Tracking Generator Normalize (to remove the effects of the cables, bridge/coupler, etc.) as follows: 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 From Controls, select RF Gen. Select Auxiliary from the Choices field. From Normalize select A Only. From Normalize select Save B. From Normalize select A-B. From Controls, select Auxiliary. Select Main from the Choices field. Antenna: 19 Connect the antenna-under-test as shown.
Using the Tracking Generator On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 20 21 22 23 From Controls, select Main. Select Marker from the Choices field. From Marker To select Ref Level. Use the Marker position to measure the response to the frequency(s) of interest. Return loss is displayed as Lvl as shown. Calculate the Return Loss in VSWR: 24 Use the following chart to convert calculated return loss into VSWR: Return Loss VSWR 5.0 dB 3.6 10.0 dB 1.9 15.0 dB 1.4 20.0 dB 1.2 25.0 dB 1.
Using the Tracking Generator 1/4 Wave Coaxial Filter Tuning (Swept) This procedure is used to measure the notch depth and or band-pass of a 1/4 wave coaxial filter using the Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator option. Pass frequency is measured, and can be adjusted by trimming length from the coaxial filter.
Using the Tracking Generator Test Set Options Required Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102) Additional Equipment Required Tee Adapter and Coax Stub Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Tee as shown. CAUTION: Do not exceed the connector’s rated input or permanent instrument damage may result. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 3. Select the SPEC ANL screen. 4. From the Controls select Ant. 5.
Using the Tracking Generator NOTE: Amplitude default of 0 dBm is typically sufficient for performing measurements on 1/4 Wave Coaxial Filters. The level can be changed as required to suit measurement needs (e.g. increase measurement range, minimize incident input from other sources, etc.). If Amplitude is changed, Ref Level will also have to be changed. 11. From the Controls select RF Gen. 12. Select Main from the Choices field. 13. Set Ref Lvl to place the signal close to the top graticule line.
Using the Tracking Generator On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 22. From Controls, select Main. 23. Select Marker from the Choices field. 24. Use the Marker position to measure the response. Notch depth is displayed as Lvl. Bandwidth (3 dB points) is measured using the LVL and Freq display. The notch or band-pass frequency can be changed by trimming the coaxial filter in small increments.
Using the Tracking Generator Cable Fault Locations This procedure is used to locate breaks in coaxial cables using the Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator option and System Support Software Test Card, HP 11807A option 100. Suspected faults are displayed as data (indicating the fault length) or plotted on the screen.
Using the Tracking Generator Test Set Options Required Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102). Additional Equipment Required HP 11807A Option 100, a Power Splitter/Combiner (HP 11636A), and a 50Ω Load. Special Test Considerations Cable fault must be within 1000 feet of the Test Set. Measurement Procedure: On the Test Set: 1. Insert the System Support Test Card (HP 11807A Option 100) into the Memory Card Slot. 2. Press the PRESET key. 3. Press the TESTS key.
Using the Tracking Generator 10. Press the PREV key to return to the TEST (Main Screen). 11. Select Run Test. 12. When prompted, connect the equipment as shown on the screen, then select Continue.
Using the Tracking Generator 13. Follow the displayed instructions to connect and remove the 50 Ω Termination at the Power Divider cable test port. Remember to select Continue after each step. After the test has completed, test results are displayed on the screen in a table form or plotted in graphical form.
Using the Tracking Generator Passive Cavity Insertion and Return Loss Measurement This procedure is used to measure the insertion loss and return loss of passive cavities using the Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator option. The cavities are tuned to the desired pass frequency and bandpass/insertion loss. Once properly tuned, insertion loss and return loss are measured. Return loss can be converted into VSWR.
Using the Tracking Generator Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Adapter as shown. CAUTION: Do not exceed the connector’s rated input or permanent instrument damage may result. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key. Using the knob and data entry keys: 3. Select the SPEC ANL screen. 4. From the Controls select Ant. 5. Set Center Freq to the pass frequency of the cavity under test. 6. Set Span to view desired frequency range. 7. Set Ref Level to −10 dB (or greater). 8. From Controls, select Main. 9.
Using the Tracking Generator 17. Select Main from the Choices field. Pass Cavity: 18. Connect the pass cavity as shown. RF IN/OUT DUPLEX OUT ANT IN MIC/ACC VOLUME SQUELCH AUDIO OUT AUDIO IN HI LO POWER OFF ON ! M AX POWE R 60 W CONT INUOUS ! MAX POWER 2 00 mW ! M AX 1 2 v Pk ! M AX 42 v Pk Pass Cavity 19. Adjust the tuning rod to the desired pass frequency. 20. Adjust the coupling loops for desired band-pass/insertion loss.
Using the Tracking Generator Return Loss Bridge: 21. Connect the Return Loss Bridge as shown. RF IN/OUT MIC/ACC ANT IN DUPLEX OUT VOLUME SQUELCH AUDIO OUT AUDIO IN HI LO POWER OFF ON ! MAX POWER 60 W CONTINUOUS ! MAX ! MAX POWER 200 mW ! 12 v Pk MAX 42 v Pk Source Return Loss Bridge Reflected 22. From the Controls select Main. 23. Select Auxiliary from the Choices field. 24. From Normalize select A Only. 25. From Normalize select Save B. 26. From Normalize select A-B. 27.
Using the Tracking Generator Measure/Adjust Return Loss as follows: 30. Measure and record return loss 31. Reverse the Pass Cavity output and input as shown. µV RF IN/OUT DUPLEX OUT ANT IN MIC/ACC VOLUME SQUELCH AUDIO OUT MEM ORY CARD AUDIO IN HI LO POWER OFF ON ! MAX POWER 60 W CONTINUOUS ! MAX POWER 200 mW ! MAX 12 v Pk ! MAX 42 v Pk Output Pass Cavity 50 Ω Load Load Input 32. Measure and record return loss. 33.
Using the Tracking Generator Calculate the Return Loss in VSWR: 34. Use the following chart to convert loss into VSWR: Return Loss VSWR 46.0 dB 1.0 26.4 dB 1.1 20.7 dB 1.2 17.7 dB 1.3 15.5 dB 1.4 14.0 dB 1.5 11.7 dB 1.7 9.5 dB 2.0 6.0 dB 3.0 If Pass Cavity coupling loops were changed: • • Repeat steps 1 through 20 to measure insertion loss (perform at 1 or 2 dB/Div). Repeat steps 21 through 33 to measure return loss.
Using the Tracking Generator Repeater System Effective Sensitivity Measurement Description This procedure is used to measure the effective sensitivity of a repeater system using the Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator option. Once effective sensitivity measured, receiver sensitivity degradation is calculated.
Using the Tracking Generator Additional Equipment Required Special Test Considerations Test Load See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46. See "Coaxial Cable" on page 46. Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the Repeater as shown. ALTERNATE CONNECTIONS If your repeater does not employ a duplexer as shown in the connection diagram, connect the Test Set DUPLEX OUTPUT port to the Repeaters RF INPUT port, and the Test Set RF IN/OUT port to the Repeaters RF OUTPUT port. On the Test Set: 2. Press the PRESET key.
Using the Tracking Generator On the Repeater set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 9. Set power to ON. 10. If required, disable the COR (Carrier Operated Relay) or equivalent device that keys the transmitter when a signal is present at the receiver. 11. If required, set frequency to the same value as step 5.. 12. Set squelch to minimum. 13. Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped). 14. Set coded squelch feature (if equipped) to OFF.
Using the Tracking Generator On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 17. Increase Amplitude until the SINAD meter again reads 12 dB. Effective Sensitivity is displayed as Amplitude. Record the level (in dBm) for use later in the procedure. Calculate the Receiver Sensitivity Degradation: 18.
Using the Tracking Generator 232
7 Oscilloscope Measurements 233
Introduction Introduction Each procedure may contain the following information: • • • • A brief measurement overview and a reference to applicable TIA/EIA specifications for each test. A list of the Test Set options and additional test equipment required to perform the procedure. Any special test considerations that need to be considered for safety, measurement accuracy, etc. Step by step procedures required to perform each measurement (with illustrations).
Using the Oscilloscope Using the Oscilloscope The built-in 50 kHz digital oscilloscope provides • • • multiple triggering formats (internal, external, and encoder) single-shot and pre-trigger viewing for single events full marker capability with automatic level and time readout Time/division, volts/division, and vertical offset are displayed and can be changed using the front-panel knob.
Using the Oscilloscope Oscilloscope Overview This procedure is provided as an overview of the Oscilloscope’s operation. The screen choices and displayed parameters are described and illustrated. Measurement Procedure: 1. Connect the signal to the appropriate connector.
Using the Oscilloscope • • • • • • • to the RF IN/OUT or ANT IN connectors. Audio In for a signal connected to the AUDIO IN connector. Radio Int for a signal connected to the optional rear panel Radio Interface connector. Ext Mod for a signal connected to the rear panel MODULATION INPUT connector. Mic Mod for a signal connected to the MIC/ACC connector “MIC” pin. FM Mod for the FM modulated audio from the RF Gen section. AM Mod for the AM modulated audio from the RF Gen section.
Using the Oscilloscope Measurements Using the Main Control Fields: • Vert/div selects the vertical amplitude per division. Units for this field are in Volts, kHz, or percent depending on the AF Anl In selection. • • Vert Offset moves the displayed signal above or below the center graticule line. Time/div selects the horizontal sweep time per division. Indicators: • • • 238 Input source is displayed in the lower left corner of the display.
Using the Oscilloscope Measurement Using the Trigger Control Fields: • From Controls select the desired trigger source: • Internal uses the signal being displayed. • Ext (TTL) uses the signal connected to the rear panel EXT SCOPE TRIGGER INPUT connector. • Encoder uses the optional signaling encoder. • Trigger mode is selected as follows: • In Auto, a trigger is automatically generated every 50ms (unless a normal trigger is received). • In Norm, a defined trigger required.
Using the Oscilloscope Measurements Using the Marker Control Fields: • Position positions the marker on the screen. Displayed marker Time and Lvl are automatically updated. • Marker To sets the marker to the signal with the largest Peak (Peak+) or the signal with the most negative peak (Peak−). Indicators: • • 240 Marker Time ms changes the units that the marker position is displayed in. Displayed value is the time elapsed from the trigger point to the current position.
Using the Oscilloscope The Delta marker function is performed by: 1 2 3 Setting the marker to the first point desired. Position the cursor to the marker time and/or lvl readouts. Press the REF SET key. Note that the readout now displays 0 and “Ref” below it. 4 5 Position the cursor to the Position field. Move the marker along the displayed response. The marker readout now displays the delta from the set reference point. To turn the reference set off: • • Press the REF SET key. Press the ON/OFF key.
Using the Oscilloscope 242
8 Configuring for Measurements This chapter provides the information to configure and connect the Test Set to DC power and configure the instrument for operation.
Preparing the Test Set for DC Operation Preparing the Test Set for DC Operation NOTE: Instructions for connecting the Test Set to AC power, or to an optional printer (if desired) are provided in the Test Set’s User Guide.
Preparing the Test Set for DC Operation CABLING RESTRICTIONS When cabling the DC connector, remember that varying wire gauge, type, and length will yield different resistive losses. Proper operation of the Test Set requires that a minimum of 11 Vdc at 12 Adc be present at the DC input connector. A typical DC connection should consist of a cable made from 16 gauge stranded wire (20 feet in length maximum) with a power source of 13.8 Vdc @ 15A. 4. Turn the POWER ON (in).
Preparing the Test Set for DC Operation Preparing the Test Set for Operation 1. Verify that the instrument is connected and configured to the appropriate power source. NOTE: Because most parameters are saved when power is removed, setting configuration is NOT necessary every time power is applied to the Test Set. Perform these procedures only if changes to the fields are required. 2. Turn the Test Set POWER ON (in).
Preparing the Test Set for DC Operation 4. In the CONFIGURE screen, use the knob and data entry keys to set the following parameters (as required): • • • • • Intensity − adjust to comfortable level. Beeper − adjust to comfortable level. RFGen Volts − sets RF and Tracking Generator amplitudes reference for 50 Ω or an open circuit voltage. Date − set if incorrect. Time − set if incorrect. 5. Press the front panel PRESET key. 6. The Test Set is now ready for operation.
Preparing the Test Set for DC Operation 248
9 References This chapter contains a listing of all documents that have been referenced in this manual.
Manuals Manuals 250 • HP 8920A User's Guide • HP 8920B User's Guide • HP 11807A Option 001 Reference Guide • System Support Tests, HP 11807A Option 100 User's Guide
Application Note Application Note • Demonstration Procedures, HP 8920A RF Communications Test Set 251
Specifications and Standards Specifications and Standards 252 • ANSI/EIA 152-C-1988 - Minimum Standards for Land Mobile Communication FM or PM Transmitters, 25-866 MHz. • ANSI/EIA/TIA 204-D-1989 - Minimum Standards for Land Mobile Communication FM or PM Receivers, 25-866 MHz. • EIA RS-382 - Minimum Standards Citizens Radio Service AM Transceivers Operating in the 27 MHz Band.
10 HP 8920A Specifications 253
Specifications describe the Test Set’s warranted performance and are valid over the entire operating/environmental range unless otherwise noted. Supplemental Characteristics are intended to provide additional information useful in applying the instrument by giving typical, but non-warranted performance parameters. These characteristics are shown in italics and are sometimes labeled “typical”, “usable to”, or “nominal”.
Signal Generator Specifications Signal Generator Specifications RF Frequency Range: 250 kHz to 1 GHz Accuracy and Stability: Same as reference oscillator ±0.015 Hz Switching Speed: <150 ms to within 100 Hz of carrier frequency Resolution: 1 Hz Output RF IN/OUT Connector: Standard: Level Range: −137 to −19 dBm into 50Ω Level Accuracy: ±1.8 dB (level ≥ −127 dBm) (typical ±1.
Signal Generator Specifications DUPLEX OUT Connector: Level Range: −127 to +7 dBm into 50Ω Level Accuracy: ±1.5 dB (typical ±1.0 dB for all levels) Reverse Power: 200 mW maximum SWR: RF IN/OUT: <1.5:1 DUPLEX OUT: <2.0:1 (level <−4 dBm) Resolution: 0.
Signal Generator Specifications Spectral Purity Spurious Signals: For ≤1 dBm output level at DUPLEX OUT or ≤−25 dBm output level at RF IN/OUT: Harmonics: <−30 dBc Non-Harmonic Spurious: <−60 dBc (at >5 kHz offset from carrier) Residual FM (rms, CCITT): Table 2 Frequency Range HP 8920A Standard HP 8920A Opt.
Signal Generator Specifications FM FM Deviation: Rates >25 Hz 100 kHz: for fc from 0.25 to < 249 MHz 50 kHz: for fc from 249 to < 501 MHz 100 kHz: for fc from 501 to 1000 MHz FM not specified for (fc minus FM dev.) <250 kHz FM Rate: 1 kHz reference: Internal: DC to 25 kHz (1 dB BW) External, AC Coupled: 20 Hz to 75 kHz (typical 3 dB BW) External, DC Coupled: dc to 75 kHz (typical 3 dB BW) FM Accuracy: ≤10 kHz dev, 1 kHz rate: ±7.5% of setting ±50 Hz ±3.
Signal Generator Specifications AM Frequency Range: 1.5 to 1000 MHz (usable to 250 kHz) AM Depth: For RF IN/OUT levels ≤−25 dBm or DUPLEX OUT levels ≤+1 dBm: 0 to 90% (usable to 99%) 0 to 70% (usable to 99%) (HP 8920A Option 050 or HP 8920D) AM Rate: 20 Hz to 25 kHz (3 dB bandwidth) AM Accuracy: ≤10% AM: ±5% of setting ±1.0% AM at 1 kHz rate >10% AM: ±5% of setting ±1.5% AM at 1 kHz rate AM Distortion: THD+Noise, 0.3 to 3 kHz BW: <2% at 1 kHz rate, <30% AM <3% at 1 kHz rate, ≤90% AM Ext. Mod.
Signal Generator Specifications TDMA Signal Generator (HP 8920D or 8920A with Option 050 and HP 83201A) Frequency Range: 824 MHz to 894 MHz Output Level Range: RF In/Out: −22 dBm to −127 dBm Duplex Out: +4 dBm to −127 dBm Residual Error Vector Magnitude:%<3.0% Residual Phase Error: %<2.6° Residual Magnitude Error: %<2.
Audio Source Specifications Audio Source Specifications (These specifications apply to both internal sources) Frequency Range: dc to 25 kHz Accuracy: 0.025% of setting Resolution: 0.1 Hz Output Level Range: 0.1 mV to 4 Vrms Maximum Output Current: 20 mA peak Output Impedance: <1Ω (1 kHz) Accuracy: ±2% of setting plus resolution Residual Distortion: 0.125%; for tones 20 Hz to 25 kHz in an 80 kHz BW (THD plus noise, amplitude >200 mVrms) Resolution: Level ≤0.01 V: ±50 µV Level ≤0.1 V: ±.
RF Analyzer Specifications RF Analyzer Specifications RF Power Measurement Standard Frequency Range: 400 kHz to 1 GHz Measurement Range: 1 mW to 60 W continuous 100 W for 10 seconds/minute (measured at RF IN/OUT connector) Accuracy: ±10% of reading ±1 mW SWR: <1.5:1 Resolution: Power <10 W: 1 mW Power ≥10 W: 10 mW Option 007 Frequency Range: 400 kHz to 1 GHz Measurement Range: 40µW to 2.4 W continuous 4.0 W for 10 seconds/minute Accuracy: ±10% of reading ±40 µW SWR: < 1.
RF Analyzer Specifications RF Frequency Measurement Measurement Range: 400 kHz to 1 GHz Level Range: RF IN/OUT: Standard: 1 mW to 60 W continuous 100 W for 10 seconds/minute Option 007: 40 µW to 2.4 W continuous 4.0 W for 10 seconds/minute Option 008: 0.
RF Analyzer Specifications FM Measurement Frequency Range: 5 MHz to 1 GHz (usable to 400 kHz) Deviation: 20 Hz to 75 kHz Sensitivity: 2µV (15 kHz IF BW, High Sensitivity Mode, 0.3 to 3 kHz BW) (typical <1 µV (12 dB SINAD, fc ≥10 MHz)) Accuracy: ±4% of reading plus residual FM and noise contribution (20 Hz to 25 kHz rates, deviation ≤25 kHz) Bandwidth: 2 Hz to 70 kHz (3 dB) DCFM measurements also available THD+Noise: <1% for ≥5 kHz deviation and 1 kHz rate in a 0.
RF Analyzer Specifications AM Measurement Frequency Range: 10 MHz to 1 GHz (usable to 400 kHz) Depth: 0 to 95% Accuracy: ±5% of reading ±1.5% AM (50 Hz to 10 kHz rates, modulation ≤80%) THD+Noise: <2% rms for modulation ≤80% AM (1 kHz rate in a 0.3 to 3 kHz BW) Input Level for Specified Accuracy (levels in PEP): Standard: −18 to +50 dBm at RF IN/OUT (0.016 mW to 100 W) −50 to +14 dBm at ANT IN Option 007: −32 to 36 dBm at RF IN/OUT (0.63 µW to 4.0 W) Option 008: −28 to 40 dBm at RF IN/OUT (1.
RF Analyzer Specifications SSB Measurement Frequency Range: 400 kHz to 1 GHz Bandwidth (3 dB): 20 Hz to 70 kHz Distortion and Noise: <3% at 1 kHz rate in a 0.
RF Analyzer Specifications TDMA Analyzer (HP 8920D or 8920A with Option 050 and HP 83201A) Frequency Range: 824 MHz to 894 MHz Input Level Range: RF In/Out: 1 mW to 60W (0 to +47.8 dBm) Antenna: −36 to +17 dBm Input Frequency Setting Error: 1 kHz RX DSP Level Setting Range: −23 to 0 dB full scale Residual Error Vector Magnitude: %<1.3% Error Vector Magnitude Measurement Accuracy: ±0.4% plus 2% of reading Residual Phase Error: %<1.0° Residual Magnitude Error: %<0.9% I/Q Origin Offset Accuracy: ±0.
AF Analyzer Specifications AF Analyzer Specifications Frequency Measurement Measurement Range: 20 Hz to 400 kHz Accuracy: ±0.02% plus resolution plus timebase accuracy External Input: 20 mV to 30 Vrms Resolution: f <10 kHz: 0.01 Hz f <100 kHz: 0.
AF Analyzer Specifications Distortion Measurement Fundamental Frequency: 1 kHz ±5 Hz Optional Frequency Range: 300 Hz to 10 kHz ±5% (Option 019) Input Level Range: 30 mV to 30 Vrms Display Range: 0.1% to 100% Accuracy: ±1 dB (0.5 to 100% distortion) for tones from 300 to 1500 Hz measured with the 15 kHz LPF ±1.5 dB (1.
AF Analyzer Specifications Audio Filters Standard < 20 Hz HPF 50 Hz HPF 300 Hz HPF 300 Hz LPF 3 kHz LPF 15 kHz LPF > 99 kHz LPF 750 µ de-emphasis 1 kHz notch Optional C-Message CCITT 400 Hz HPF 4 kHz BPF 6 kHz BPF 300 Hz to 10 kHz (variable, option 019) Audio Detectors: RMS, RMS*SQRT2, Pk+, Pk−, Pk+hold, Pk−hold, Pk±/2, Pk±/2 hold, Pk±max, Pk±maxhold 270
Oscilloscope Specifications Oscilloscope Specifications Frequency Range: 2 Hz to 50 kHz (3 dB BW) Scale/Division: 10 mV to 10 V Amplitude Accuracy: ±1.5% of reading ±0.1 division. (20 Hz to 10 kHz) Time/Division: 1 µsec to 200 msec 3 dB Bandwidth: Typically >100 kHz Internal DC Offset: ≤0.
Spectrum Analyzer Specifications (Option 102) Spectrum Analyzer Specifications (Option 102) Frequency Frequency Range: 400 kHz to 1 GHz Frequency Span/Resolution Bandwidth (coupled): Table 4 Span Bandwidth < 50 kHz 300 Hz < 200 kHz 1 kHz < 1.
Spectrum Analyzer Specifications (Option 102) Tracking Generator (Included with Option 102) Frequency Range: 400 kHz to 1 GHz Frequency Offset: Frequency span endpoints ± frequency offset cannot be < 400 kHz or ≥ 1 GHz Output Level Range: Same as signal generator Sweep Modes: Normal and inverted 273
Spectrum Analyzer Specifications (Option 102) Adjacent Channel Power (Included with Option 102) Relative Measurements: Level Range: Antenna In: −40 dBm to +20 dBm RF/Input: 0.16 mW (−8 dBm) to 60 W (47.8 dBm) continuous; or up to 100 mW (50 dBm) for 10 seconds/minute Dynamic Range: Typical values for channel offsets Table 5 Channel Offset Resolution Bandwidth Dynamic Range 12.5 kHz 8.
Spectrum Analyzer Specifications (Option 102) Table 6 Channel Offset Resolution Bandwidth Dynamic Range 12.5 kHz 8.5 kHz − 65 dBc 20 kHz 14 kHz − 68 dBc 25 kHz 16 kHz − 68 dBc 30 kHz 16 kHz − 68 dBc 60 kHz 30 kHz − 65 dBc Absolute Accuracy: RF power measurement accuracy for absolute inchannel power: (for inputs > 200 mW): ±10% of reading ±1 mW (in dB) plus ACP relative accuracy of ±2.
Signaling (Option 004) Signaling (Option 004) Capability for generating and analyzing the following formats: CDCSS, DTMF, 1 TONE, 2 TONE, 5/6 TONE SEQUENTIAL, RPC1, POCSAG, EIA, CCITT, CCIR, ZVEI, DZVEI, GOLAY, EEA, AMPS/ EAMPS/NAMPS, TACS/ETACS, JTACS/NTACS, NMT-450, NMT900, LTR®1, EDACS™, MPT 1327, and TDMA dual-mode LTR® is a registered trademark of the E. F. Johnson Company; EDACS™ is a trademark of Ericsson/GE.
DC Current Meter (Option 103) DC Current Meter (Option 103) Measurement Range: 0 to 10 A (usable to 20 A) Accuracy: The greater of 10% of reading after zeroing or 30 mA (levels > 100 mA) 277
Remote Programming (Option 103) Remote Programming (Option 103) HP-IB: Hewlett-Packard’s implementation of IEEE Standard 488.2 Functions Implemented: SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, RL1, LE0, TE0, PP0, DC1, DT1, C4, C11, E2 RS-232: Six-wire RJ-11 connector provides two three-wire serial ports for serial data in and out (no hardware handshake capability).
Reference Oscillator Specifications Reference Oscillator Specifications TCXO (Standard) Temperature: 1 ppm (0 to +55°C) Aging: < 2 ppm/year Warm-up Time: < 30 seconds to be within ±2 ppm of final frequency OCXO (Option 001) Temperature: 0.05 ppm (0 to +55°C) Aging: < 0.5 ppm/year (< 1 ppm in first year) Warm-up Time: < 15 minutes to be within ±0.1 ppm of final frequency Rear Panel BNC connectors: Input Frequency: 1,2,5,10 MHz Input Level1: > 0.15 Vrms Output Frequency: 10 MHz Output Level: > 0.5 Vrms 1.
Save/Recall Registers Save/Recall Registers Approximately 128 kilobytes RAM available for non-volatile save/ recall of settings. This typically will allow you to save >100 sets of instrument settings, depending on the type of information saved. Additional save/recall storage memory can be added by ordering Option 005.
General Specifications General Specifications Size: 7.5 H x 13 W x 19 inches (188 H x 330 W x 456 D mm) Weight: 35 lbs (17.1 kg) fully optioned CRT Size: 7 x 10 cm Operating Temperature: 0 to +55°C Storage Temperature: −55 to +75°C Power: AC: 100 to 240 V, 48 to 440 Hz, nominally 80 watts DC: 11 to 28 V, nominally 120 watts Leakage: At Signal Generator output frequency and level <−40 dBm, typical leakage is <0.5 µV induced in a resonant dipole antenna 1 inch from any surface except the rear panel.
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11 HP 8920B Specifications Specifications describe the Test Set’s warranted performance and are valid over the entire operating/environmental range unless otherwise noted.
Supplemental Characteristics are intended to provide additional information useful in applying the instrument by giving typical, but non-warranted performance parameters. These characteristics are shown in italics and are sometimes labeled “typical”, “usable to”, or “nominal”.
Signal Generator Specifications Signal Generator Specifications RF Frequency Range: 250 kHz to 1 GHz Accuracy and Stability: Same as reference oscillator ±0.
Signal Generator Specifications Output RF IN/OUT Connector: Standard: Level Range: −137 to −19 dBm into 50Ω Level Accuracy: ±1.2 dB (level ≥ −127 dBm) (typical ±1.0 dB for all levels) Reverse Power: 60 W continuous 100 W for 10 seconds/minute Option 007: Level Range: −137 to −5 dBm into 50 Ω] Reverse Power: 2.4 W continuous 4.0 W for 10 seconds/minute DUPLEX OUT Connector: Level Range: −127 to +7 dBm into 50 Ω Level Accuracy: ±1.0 dB Reverse Power: 200 mW maximum SWR: RF IN/OUT: <1.5:1 DUPLEX OUT: <2.
Signal Generator Specifications Spectral Purity Spurious Signals: For ≤1 dBm output level at DUPLEX OUT or ≤−25 dBm output level at RF IN/OUT: Harmonics: <−30 dBc Non-Harmonic Spurious: <−60 dBc (at >5 kHz offset from carrier) Residual FM (rms, CCITT): <7 Hz for 250 kHz ≤ fc < 249 MHz <4 Hz for 249 MHz ≤ fc < 501 MHz <7 Hz for 501 MHz ≤ fc ≤ 1000 MHz SSB Phase Noise: >20 kHz Offset (1 GHz carrier): <−116 dBc/Hz 287
Signal Generator Specifications FM FM Deviation: Rates >25 Hz 100 kHz: for fc from 0.25 to < 249 MHz 50 kHz: for fc from 249 to < 501 MHz 100 kHz: for fc from 501 to 1000 MHz FM not specified for (fc minus FM dev.) <250 kHz FM Rate: 1 kHz reference: Internal: DC to 25 kHz (1 dB BW) External, AC Coupled: 20 Hz to 75 kHz (typical 3 dB BW) External, DC Coupled: dc to 75 kHz (typical 3 dB BW) FM Accuracy: ≤10 kHz dev, 1 kHz rate: ±3.5% of setting ±50 Hz >10 kHz dev, 1 kHz rate: ±3.
Signal Generator Specifications AM Frequency Range: 1.5 to 1000 MHz (usable to 250 kHz) AM Depth: For RF IN/OUT levels ≤−25 dBm or DUPLEX OUT levels ≤+1 dBm: 0 to 90% (usable to 99%) 0 to 70% (usable to 99%) (HP 8920B Option 051) AM Rate: 20 Hz to 25 kHz (3 dB bandwidth) AM Accuracy: ≤10% AM: ±5% of setting ±1.0% AM at 1 kHz rate >10% AM: ±5% of setting ±1.5% AM at 1 kHz rate AM Distortion: THD+Noise, 0.3 to 3 kHz BW: <2% at 1 kHz rate, <30% AM <3% at 1 kHz rate, ≤90% AM Ext. Mod.
Signal Generator Specifications TDMA Signal Generator HP 8920B Option 500 (includes HP 83201B) Frequency Range: 824 MHz to 894 MHz Output Level Range: RF In/Out: −22 to −127 dBm Duplex Out: +4 to −127 dBm Residual Error Vector Magnitude: %<3.0% Residual Phase Error: %<2.6° Residual Magnitude Error: %<2.
Audio Source Specifications Audio Source Specifications (These specifications apply to both internal sources) Frequency Range: dc to 25 kHz Accuracy: 0.025% of setting Resolution: 0.1 Hz Output Level Range: 0.1 mV to 4 Vrms Maximum Output Current: 20 mA peak Output Impedance: <1 Ω(1 kHz) Accuracy: ±2% of setting plus resolution Residual Distortion: 0.125%; for tones 20 Hz to 25 kHz in an 80 kHz BW (THD plus noise, amplitude >200 mVrms) Resolution: Level ≤0.01 V: ±50 µV Level ≤0.1 V: ±.
RF Analyzer Specifications RF Analyzer Specifications RF Power Measurement1 Standard Frequency Range: 400 kHz to 1 GHz Measurement Range: 1 mW to 60 W continuous 100 W for 10 seconds/minute (measured at RF IN/OUT connector) Accuracy: ±5% of reading ±0.01 mW (for temp 25° C ±10° C) Accuracy: ±10% of reading for operating temperature range. SWR: <1.5:1 Resolution: Power <10 W: 1 mW Power ≥10 W: 10 mW Option 007 Frequency Range: 400 kHz to 1 GHz Measurement Range: 40 µW to 2.4 W continuous 4.
RF Analyzer Specifications RF Frequency Measurement Measurement Range: 400 kHz to 1 GHz Level Range: RF IN/OUT: Standard: 1 mW to 60 W continuous 100 W for 10 seconds/minute Option 007: 40 υµo 2.4 W continuous 4.
RF Analyzer Specifications FM Measurement Frequency Range: 5 MHz to 1 GHz (usable to 400 kHz) Deviation: 20 Hz to 75 kHz Sensitivity: 2 µV (15 kHz IF BW, High Sensitivity Mode, 0.3 to 3 kHz BW) (typical <1 µV (12 dB SINAD, fc ≥10 MHz)) Accuracy: ±4% of reading plus residual FM and noise contribution (20 Hz to 25 kHz rates, deviation ≤25 kHz) Bandwidth: 2 Hz to 70 kHz (3 dB) DCFM measurements also available THD+Noise: <1% for ≥5 kHz deviation and 1 kHz rate in a 0.
RF Analyzer Specifications AM Measurement Frequency Range: 10 MHz to 1 GHz (usable to 400 kHz) Depth: 0 to 95% Accuracy: ±5% of reading ±1.5% AM (50 Hz to 10 kHz rates, modulation ≤80%) THD+Noise: <2% rms for modulation ≤80% AM (1 kHz rate in a 0.3 to 3 kHz BW) Input Level for Specified Accuracy (levels in PEP): Standard: −18 to +50 dBm at RF IN/OUT (0.016 mW to 100 W) −50 to +14 dBm at ANT IN Option 007: −32 to 36 dBm at RF IN/OUT (0.63 µW to 4.0 W) Residual AM: <0.2% in a 0.3 to 3 kHz BW Resolution: 0.
RF Analyzer Specifications TDMA Analyzer HP 8920B Option 500 (includes HP 83201B) Frequency Range: 824 MHz to 894 MHz Input Level Range: RF In/Out: 1mW to 60W (0 to 47.8 dBm) Antenna In: −36 to +17 dBm Input Frequency Setting Error: 1kHz RX DSP Level Setting Range: −23 to 0dB full scale Residual Error Vector Magnitude: %<1.3% Error Vector Magnitude Measurement Accuracy: ±4% plus 2% of reading Residual Phase Error: %<1.0° Residual Magnitude Error: %<0.9% I/Q Origin Offset Accuracy: ±0.
AF Analyzer Specifications AF Analyzer Specifications Frequency Measurement Measurement Range: 20 Hz to 400 kHz Accuracy: ±0.02% plus resolution plus timebase accuracy External Input: 20 mV to 30 Vrms Resolution: f <10 kHz: 0.01 Hz f <100 kHz: 0.
AF Analyzer Specifications Distortion Measurement Fundamental Frequency Range: 300 Hz to 10 kHz ±5% Input Level Range: 30 mV to 30 Vrms Display Range: 0.1% to 100% Accuracy: ±1 dB (0.5 to 100% distortion) for tones from 300 to 1500 Hz measured with the 15 kHz LPF ±1.5 dB (1.
AF Analyzer Specifications Audio Filters Standard < 20 Hz HPF 50 Hz HPF 300 Hz HPF 300 Hz LPF 3 kHz LPF 15 kHz LPF > 99 kHz LPF 750µs de-emphasis 300 Hz to 10 kHz (Variable Frequency Notch filter) Optional C-Message CCITT 400 Hz HPF 4 kHz BPF 6 kHz BPF Audio Detectors: RMS, RMS*SQRT2, Pk+, Pk−, Pk+hold, Pk−hold, Pk±/2, Pk±/2 hold, Pk±max, Pk±maxhold 299
Oscilloscope Specifications Oscilloscope Specifications Frequency Range: 2 Hz to 50 kHz (3 dB BW) Scale/Division: 10 mV to 10 V Amplitude Accuracy: ±1.5% of reading ±0.1 division. (20 Hz to 10 kHz) Time/Division: 1 µsec to 200 msec Trigger Delay Range: 20 µsec to 3.2 sec 3 dB Bandwidth: Typically >100 kHz Internal DC Offset: ≤0.
Spectrum Analyzer Specifications (Option 102) Spectrum Analyzer Specifications (Option 102) Frequency Frequency Range: 400 kHz to 1 GHz Frequency Span/Resolution Bandwidth (coupled): Table 7 Span Bandwidth < 50 kHz 300 Hz < 200 kHz 1 kHz < 1.
Spectrum Analyzer Specifications (Option 102) Tracking Generator (Included with Option 102) Frequency Range: 400 kHz to 1 GHz Frequency Offset: Frequency span endpoints ± frequency offset cannot be < 400 kHz or ≥ 1 GHz Output Level Range: Same as signal generator Sweep Modes: Normal and inverted Adjacent Channel Power (Included with Option 102) Relative Measurements: Level Range: Antenna In: −40 dBm to +20 dBm RF/Input: 0.16 mW (−8 dBm) to 60 W (47.
Spectrum Analyzer Specifications (Option 102) Absolute Level Measurements: Level: Results of absolute power in Watts or dBm are met by adding the ACP ratio from the spectrum analyzer to the carrier power from the input section RF power detector. Level Range: Antenna: Not applicable RF/Input: 1 mW (0 dBm) to 60 W (47.8 dBm) continuous; or up to 100 W (50 dBm) for 10 seconds/minute Dynamic Range: Typical values for channel offsets Table 9 Channel Offset Resolution Bandwidth Dynamic Range 12.5 kHz 8.
Signaling (Option 004) Signaling (Option 004) Capability for generating and analyzing the following formats: CDCSS, DTMF, 1 TONE, 2 TONE, 5/6 TONE SEQUENTIAL, RPC1, POCSAG, EIA, CCITT, CCIR, ZVEI, DZVEI, GOLAY, EEA, AMPS/ EAMPS/NAMPS, TACS/ETACS, JTACS/NTACS, NMT-450, NMT900, LTR®1, EDACS™, MPT 1327, and TDMA dual-mode LTR® is a registered trademark of the E. F. Johnson Company; EDACS™ is a trademark of Ericsson/GE.
DC Current Meter DC Current Meter Measurement Range: 0 to 10 A (usable to 20 A) Accuracy: The greater of 10% of reading after zeroing or 30 mA (levels > 100 mA) 305
Remote Programming Remote Programming HP-IB: Hewlett-Packard’s implementation of IEEE Standard 488.2 Functions Implemented: SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, RL1, LE0, TE0, PP0, DC1, DT1, C4, C11, E2 RS-232: Six-wire RJ-11 connector provides two three-wire serial ports for serial data in and out (no hardware handshake capability). Baud Rates: 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, and 19200 Hz Parallel (Centronics) connector: A standard 25-pin, sub-min D female connector with right-angle adapter is included.
Memory Card Specifications Memory Card Specifications Card Compatibility: Single industry standard PCMCIA slot accepts Type I or Type II SRAM and ROM memory cards. Storage Capability: Allows for the storage and retrieval of IBASIC program parameter and results data, input of new calibration data, and long-term storage of Store/Recall information. Firmware Upgrades: Accepts PCMCIA flash memory cards (4 Mbytes) to allow automatic loading of new firmware for the host CPU from the front panel.
Reference Oscillator Specifications Reference Oscillator Specifications TCXO (Standard) Temperature: 1 ppm (0 to +55°C) Aging: < 2 ppm/year Warm-up Time: < 30 seconds to be within ±2 ppm of final frequency OCXO (Option 001) Temperature: 0.05 ppm (0 to +55°C) Aging: < 0.5 ppm/year (< 1 ppm in first year) Warm-up Time: < 15 minutes to be within ±0.1 ppm of final frequency Rear Panel BNC connectors: Input Frequency: 1,2,5,10 MHz Input Level1: > 0.15 Vrms Output Frequency: 10 MHz Output Level: > 0.5 Vrms 1.
General Specifications General Specifications Size: 7.5 H x 13 W x 19 inches (188 H x 330 W x 456 D mm) Weight: 37 lbs (16.8 kg) fully optioned CRT Size: 7 x 10 cm Operating Temperature: 0 to +55°C Storage Temperature: −55 to +75°C Power: AC: 100 to 240 V, 48 to 440 Hz, nominally 80 watts DC: 11 to 28 V, nominally 120 watts Leakage: At Signal Generator output frequency and level <−40 dBm, typical leakage is <0.5 µV induced in a resonant dipole antenna 1 inch from any surface except the rear panel.
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Glossary TERMSAccess- Accessing a screen or field means to display or go to it. Access- Accessing a screen or field means to display or go to it. TIA Telecommunications Industry Association. ABBREVIATIONS> Greater Than < Less Than Select To choose a selection within a field or screen. Set Choose a specific parameter or value within a field. ACRONYMSAMPS-TACS Advanced Mobile Phone Service - Total Access Communication System. CDCSS Continuous Digital Coded Squelch System.
Glossary NPC No Primary Code OSC Oscilloscope RF Radio Frequency RFGen Radio Frequency Generator RIT Receiver Incremental Tuning RX Receiver SSB Single Side Band TX Transmitter USB Upper-side-band VAC Volts Alternating Current VDC Volts Direct Current 312
Index Numerics A C 1/4 Wave Coaxial Tuning (Swept), 214 20 dB Quieting Sensitivity Measurement, 91 Additional Measurement Information, Cable Fault Location, 218 Cabling Restrictions, 244 Carrier Suppression Measurement, 166 CDCSS Coding Measurement, 67 CDCSS Sensitivity Measurement, 101 Coaxial Tuning (Swept), 214 Configuration Menu, 246 Configuring the HP 8920A for Measurement, 245 Considerations, Measurement, 50, 48 Additional Test Equipment Requirements, 44 AGC Measurement, 143 AM AGC Measurement,
Index D E F Data Entry Keys, 33 DC Power Configuration, 244 Determining Unknown AM Transmitter Carrier Frequency, 119 Deviation Measurement, 56, 59, 65, Envelope Display Measurement, 133 Features, 26 Field Strength Measurement, 196 FM 20 dB Quieting Sensitivity Measurement, 91 Audio Distortion Measurement, 74, 67, 70 Distortion Measurement, 174 DTMF Encoding Measurement, 70 108 Audio Frequency Response Measurement, 105 Audio Output Power Measurement, 80 CDCSS Coding Measurement, 67 CDCSS Sensitivit
Index Frequency Measurement, 87, 140 FM Radio Testing, 48 FM Receiver Testing, 79, 173 FM Transmitter Testing, 52, 162 Frequency Error Measurement, 163 Frequency Measurement, 163 Frequency/Frequency Error Measurement, 56, 122 Front Panel, 28 Front Panel Connectors, 38 Front Panel Controls, 28 Fuse, 245 G H Guidelines for Measurements, 50, 116, Harmonic Measurement, 76, 130 Harmonic Output Measurement, 170 HP 8920A Description, 10, 25 HP 8920A Features, 26 HP 8920A Option Requirements, 44 160, 188, 2
Index I M O Installation, 244 Intermodulation Distortion, 200 Manual Conventions, 24 Maunal Contents, 24 Maximum Squelch Sensitivity Measurement, 93, 145 Measurement Considerations, 50, 116, Off The Air Monitoring, 119 Oscilloscope Using, 235 Output Power Measurement, 56, 122 160, 188, 234 Measurement Information, 48 Measurements, Performing, 247 Memory Card Slot, 39 Microphone Sensitivity Measurement, 62, 125 Modulation Acceptance Bandwidth Measurement, 83 Modulation Depth Measurement, 122 Modulati
Index P R Passive Cavity Insertion Loss Measurement, 222 Return Loss Measurement, 222 Performing Measurements, 247 Presets, 48 Rated RF Output Power Measurement, S 166 Rear Panel Connectors, 40 Rear Panel Features, 40 Receiver Center Frequency Measurement, 83 Receiver Testing, 48 Repeater System Effective Sensitivity Measurement, 228 Screen Control Keys, 35 Screen Description, 29 Sensitivity Measurement, 178 Setting Date, 246 Setting Time, 246 Shift Functions, 23 SINAD Measurement, 83 Special Test Co
Index Spurious Response Attenuation Measurement, 111, 155 Squelch Sensitivity Measurement, 146, 182 SSB Audio Output Power Measurement, 174 Carrier Suppression Measurement, 166 Distortion Measurement, 174 Frequency Error Measurement, 163 Frequency Measurement, 163 Harmonic Output Measurement, 170 Rated RF Output Power Measurement, 166 Sensitivity Measurement, 178 Spurious Output Measurement, 170 Squelch Sensitivity Measurement, 182 Symmetry Measurement, 59 318 T U Test Load Requirement, 46 Testing
Index V Variation Of Sensitivity With Signal Frequency Measurement, 87, 140 319
