Agilent 4291B RF Impedance/Material Analyzer Quick Start Guide SERIAL NUMBERS This manual applies directly to instruments with serial number pre x JP1KE and above, or whose rmware is version 1.xx. For additional important information about serial numbers, read \Serial Number" in Appendix A of this manual. Agilent Part No.
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Contents 1. Introduction Using This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brief Description of the 4291B . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Installation and Set Up Guide Incoming Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Replacing the Fuse . . . . . . . . . . . Fuse Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operation Conditions . . . . . .
Performing OPEN Compensation . . . . . . . . . . OPEN Compensation Key Sequence . . . . . . . 6. Connecting the DUT to the Test Fixture . . . . . . 7. Setting up the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1. Setting up for jZj- vs. Frequency . . . . . . . 7-2. Setting up for C - D vs. Frequency . . . . . . 7-3. Setting up for C - D vs. OSC Level . . . . . . 7-4. Setting up for C - D vs. dc-V (Option 001 only) . Display Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Measuring the DUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marker for a Cole-Cole Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. Measuring Other MUTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Magnetic Material Measurement Quick Start Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brief Measurement Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic Measurement Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Required Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Power ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Executing a Limit Line Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . Performing a List Sweep Measurement . . . . . . . . . Editing a Sweep List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Activating a List Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constant Current/Voltage Level Measurement . . . . . Auto Level Control Measurement for OSC Level Sweep . Placing Characters on the Screen . . . . . . . . . . . Placing Letters on the Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . Editing the Label and Changing the Position or Color .
B. Maintenance Performance Veri cation . . . . . . . Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Possible Problems and Their Solution Replacement of Center Conductor Collet . . . . . . . . C. Fixture Compensation Procedures for the 16191A and 16193A 16191A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SHORT Compensation . . . . . . . . SHORT Compensation Key Sequence OPEN Compensation . . . . . . . . OPEN Compensation Key Sequence Connecting DUT . . . . . . . . . . 16193A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SHORT Compensation . .
Figures 1-1. 2-1. 2-2. 2-3. 2-4. 2-5. 2-6. 2-7. 3-1. 3-2. 3-3. 3-4. 3-5. 3-6. 3-7. 3-8. 3-9. 3-10. 3-11. 3-12. 3-13. 3-14. 3-15. 4-1. 4-2. 4-3. 4-4. 4-5. 4-6. 4-7. 4-8. 4-9. 4-10. 4-11. 4-12. 4-13. 4-14. 4-15. 5-1. 5-2. 5-3. 5-4. 5-5. 5-6. 5-7. 5-8. Contents-6 Manual Reference Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agilent Part Numbers of Power Cables . . . . . Rack Mount Kits Installation . . . . . . . . . Connecting the Test Station to the Mainframe .
5-9. 5-10. 5-11. 5-12. 5-13. 5-14. 5-15. 5-16. 6-1. 6-2. 6-3. 6-4. 6-5. 6-6. 6-7. 6-8. 6-9. 6-10. A-1. D-1. D-2. D-3. D-4. D-5. D-6. D-7. E-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dimensions of the MUT Holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecting the Test Fixtures (16454A Small) . . . .
Tables 2-1. 2-2. 2-3. 3-1. 3-2. 3-3. 3-4. 3-5. 3-6. 3-7. 3-8. 3-9. 3-10. 4-1. 4-2. 4-3. 4-4. 5-1. 5-2. 5-3. 5-4. 5-5. 5-6. 5-7. A-1. A-2. Contents-8 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuse Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rack Mount Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . Test Fixtures Speci cation (1/2) . . . . . Dimension of Shorting Devices . . . . . MEASUREMENT Block Parameter Setting STIMULUS Block Parameter Setting . . . MEASUREMENT Block Parameter Setting STIMULUS Block Parameter Setting . . .
1 Introduction This Quick start Guide walks you through system setup and initial power-on, shows you how to make basic measurements, and explains commonly used features. Normally, you will use this guide when you are rst learning to use the 4291B RF Impedance/Material Analyzer. Using This Manual The organization of this Quick start Guide is described below. Figure 1-1 shows how to use the manual. Note that chapters 3, 4, and 5 are independent of each other.
This chapter provides a brief description of the 4291B and how to use this manual. Chapter 2. Installation and Set Up Guide This chapter provides the information necessary for performing an incoming inspection and setting up your analyzer. You should refer to this chapter if the analyzer has not been inspected and set up for operation. Chapter 3. Impedance Measurement Quick Start This chapter provides a quick start guide for impedance measurement. Chapter 4.
Brief Description of the 4291B Additional Features For surface-mount component evaluation and material testing, the 4291B RF Impedance/Material Analyzer is an integrated package designed to provide accurate testing at higher frequencies. For component manufacturers, RF and digital equipment designers, and material researchers, the 4291B provides these capabilities: Broad frequency coverage from 1 MHz to 1.8 GHz for testing RF components and materials.
2 Installation and Set Up Guide This chapter provides installation and setup instructions.
Table 2-1.
Table 2-1. Contents (continued) Description Agilent Part Number Option 014 only High Temperature Low-impedance Test Head Temperature Coe cient Measurement Program Disk 04291-18001 Fixture Stand 04291-60121 Pad 04291-09001 1 1 1 Option 0BW only Service Manual 2 04291-90111 Option 1D5 only BNC Adapter 1 2 1250-1859 See the temperature coe cient measurement chapter of Operation Manual. This item is not shown in Figure 2-1.
Figure 2-1.
Power Requirements Power Cable Warning The 4291B requires the following power source: Voltage : 90 to 132 Vac, 198 to 264 Vac Frequency : 47 to 63 Hz Power : 300 VA maximum In accordance with international safety standards, this instrument is equipped with a three-wire power cable. When connected to an appropriate ac power outlet, this cable grounds the instrument frame. The type of power cable shipped with each instrument depends on the country of destination.
Figure 2-2.
Replacing the Fuse Fuse Selection Select proper fuse according to the Table 2-2. Table 2-2. Fuse Selection Fuse Rating/Type Fuse Part Number 5A 250Vac UL/CSA type Time Delay 2110-0030 For ordering the fuse,contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service O ce. Procedure Perform the following steps to exchange the fuse: Lever a small minus screwdriver to dismount the fuse holder above the AC line receptacle on the rear panel.
Operation Conditions The 4291B must be operated under within the following environment conditions, and su cient space must be kept behind the 4291B to avoid obstructing the air ow of the cooling fans.
Rack/Handle Installation The 4291B can be rack mounted and used as a component in a measurement system. Figure 2-3 shows how to rack mount the 4291B. Figure 2-3. Rack Mount Kits Installation Option 1CN Handle Kit Option 1CN is a handle kit containing a pair of handles and the necessary hardware to attach them to the instrument. Installing the Handle 1. Remove the adhesive-backed trim strips 1 from the left and right front sides of the 4291B. 2.
3. Remove all four feet (lift bar on the inner side of the foot, and slide the foot toward the bar). Option 1CP Rack Mount & Handle Kit Option 1CP is a rack mount kit containing a pair of anges and the necessary hardware to mount them to an instrument which has handles attached, in an equipment rack with 482.6 mm (19 inches) spacing. Mounting the Handle and Rack 1. Remove the adhesive-backed trim strips 1 from the left and right front sides of the 4291B. 2.
Connecting the Test Station The 4291B consists of the mainframe, the test station, and the test head. The connection of the test station and the mainframe is shown in Figure 2-4. While you connect the test station to the mainframe, turn o the analyzer. Figure 2-4. Connecting the Test Station to the Mainframe 1. Engage the two type-N connectors (labeled S and R, respectively) and the center connector. 2. Turn the two type-N connectors to tighten the connection.
Connecting the Test Head Selecting the Test Head Connecting the Test Head to the Test Station Agilent Technologies provides two kinds of test heads: the High Impedance Test Head and the Low Impedance Test Head. The low impedance test head is furnished when Option 012 is ordered. An analyzer that is equipped with a high impedance test head can measure all measurement ranges. However, the measurement accuracy drops at low impedances.
Connecting a BNC Adapter (Option 1D5 Only) When Option 1D5 is installed, connect a BNC adapter between the REF OVEN output and the EXT REF Input on the rear panel of the analyzer. The BNC adapter is included in Option 1D5. Option 1D5 improves the frequency accuracy and stability of the analyzer. Figure 2-6. Connecting a BNC Adapter Connecting a Keyboard A mini-DIN keyboard can be connected to the mini-DIN connector on the rear panel of the analyzer.
Figure 2-7.
3 Impedance Measurement Quick Start Overview This chapter provides a quick start guide for impedance measurements. New users can quickly become familiar with the analyzer by performing these procedures. In this chapter, to help you learn how to use the analyzer, the capacitor measurements are used as examples. At the end of the quick start procedures, you will have learned how to get the following measurement results: (1). Frequency characteristics of impedance. (2).
Basic Measurement Flow Figure 3-1 shows the basic ow for an impedance measurement. Figure 3-1.
Required Equipment To perform all the steps in this quick start, the following equipment is required: 4291B RF Impedance/Material Analyzer Test Head High Impedance Test Head, or Low Impedance Test Head Calibration Kit Test Fixture 16191A Side Electrode SMD Test Fixture, or 16192A Parallel Electrode SMD Test Fixture, or 16193A Small Side Electrode SMD Test Fixture Shorting Device Set (Included with 16191A, 16192A, and 16193A) Tweezers (Included with 16191A, 16192A, and 16193A) Device Under Test (DUT) (A chi
1. Power ON Note Verify the test station and the test head are correctly set up before you turn ON the analyzer. If necessary, see Chapter 2. 1. Press the LINE switch. After the power-on self-test (approximately 10 seconds), the installed options and the connected test head information are displayed. Only the option numbers for 001 and 002 are displayed at power-on (if they are installed). Other installed option numbers are listed on the rear panel.
Calibration Procedure 1. Press 4 5. 2. Press CALIBRATE MENU . R connector on the test head as shown in 3. Turn the APC-7 Figure 3-4. 4. Verify that the connector sleeve is extended fully as shown in Figure 3-5. Cal NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Figure 3-4. Figure 3-5. R connector as shown 5. Connect the 0 S termination to the APC-7 in Figure 3-6. Figure 3-6. NNNNNNNNNNNNNN 6. Press OPEN . After an OPEN calibration sequence of about 1 minute, the OPEN softkey label is underlined. 7.
R connector as shown 8. Connect the 0 termination on the APC-7 in Figure 3-7. Figure 3-7. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 9. Press SHORT . After a SHORT calibration sequence of about 1 minute, the SHORT softkey label is underlined. 10. Disconnect the 0 termination. R connector nut of the 50 termination as 11. Turn only the APC-7 shown in Figure 3-8. 12. Verify that the connector sleeve is retracted fully as shown in Figure 3-9. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Figure 3-8. Figure 3-9. R connector as shown 13.
Figure 3-10. NNNNNNNNNNNNNN 14. Press LOAD . After a LOAD calibration sequence of about 2 minutes, the LOAD softkey label is underlined. 15. Disconnect the 50 termination. NNNNNNNNNNNNNN Note Low-loss capacitor calibration (steps 16 through 18) is optional. The low-loss capacitor calibration allows more accurate high Q measurements. If you don't need this accuracy for high Q measurements, the low-loss capacitor calibration can be skipped. R connector as shown 16.
19. Press DONE:CAL . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 20. Verify the two \CO+" notations are displayed on the left of the screen. The calibration data is erased when the analyzer is turned o . R Connector: Handling and Storage of the APC-7 Keep connectors clean. Do not touch the mating plane surfaces. Do not set connectors contact-end down. Before storing, extend the sleeve or connector nut. Use end caps over the mating plane surfaces. Never store connectors loose in a box or a drawer. Note 3.
Test Fixtures Speci cation (2/2) 16194A 2 L<15 a 15 h 4.5 D 0.2 SIZE (mm) H 5 0.2 d 8 W 21 DUT Connection 1 1 8 =Fixture's Electrodes This Quick start Guide explains how to use these test xtures. Connecting the Test Fixture to the Test Head To connect your xture to the Test Head, perform the steps listed below. (Figure 3-14 shows the connection for 16192A as an example.) R connector on the test head as shown in 1. Turn the APC-7 Figure 3-12. 2.
Figure 3-14. Connecting the Test Fixtures (16192A) 4. Setting the Electrical Length of the Test Fixture Note In the RF region, the wavelengths are short and are not negligible compared to the physical transmission line length of the test xture. This causes a phase shift error. The phase shift error is compensated for by the electrical length parameter for the test xture.
5. Verify that two \Del" notations appear on the left side of the display. With Option 002 1. Press 4 5. 2. Press FIXTURE IMPEDANCE [NONE] . Meas NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3. Verify that the IMPEDANCE [NONE] softkey label is underlined. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4. Press SELECT FIXTURE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 5. Select the xture model number that you are using. 6. Press RETURN RETURN .
Performing SHORT Compensation SHORT Compensation corrects for the residual impedance due to the test xture. Selecting the Shorting Device Four di erent-dimension shorting devices are furnished with each xture; extra four short devices are attached for option 010. The shorting device that is closest to the size of the DUT should be used. The dimensions for each shorting device are shown in Table 3-2. Table 3-2. Dimension of Shorting Devices Dimension (mm) 1 2 1 2 2.4 1.6 2 2.4 2 2 2.4 2 2.4 2 3.2 2.
2. Move stage A and the two device holders to the outside. 3. Adjust stage C so that the shorting device is placed on position s. 4. Place the shorting device so that it contacts the electrode. 5. Adjust the two B stages and the two device holders to hold the shorting device. 6. Tighten the two B knobs to x the B stages and the 7. 1 Push the lever. 2 Slide stage A while pushing the lever until the electrode on the stage A slightly device holders. contacts the shorting device.
8. Tighten knob A while pushing the lever. 9. Release the lever to hold the shorting device. SHORT Compensation Key Sequence When the test xture is ready for the SHORT compensation sequence, press the following front panel keys: 1. Press 4 5 FIXTURE COMPEN COMPEN MENU SHORT . After the SHORT compensation sequence is done, the SHORT softkey label is underlined.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 2. Press DONE: COMPEN . 3. Verify that two \CMP" notations appear on the left side of the display. Note You can do each compensation over again. Press 4 5 FIXTURE COMPEN RESUME CAL SEQUENCE and do compensations only you need again. Note You have to set an electrical length value on 4291B before executing compensations except for load compensation. If you change the electrical length value, you have to retry xture compensations except for load compensation. 6.
7-1. Setting up for Z - vs. Frequency j The example setup for this measurement is as follows. j Table 3-3. MEASUREMENT Block Parameter Setting Channel 1 Setting Z Log Parameter Format Channel 2 Setting Linear Table 3-4. STIMULUS Block Parameter Setting Frequency Log 1 MHz to 1.8 GHz 500 mV Sweep Parameter Sweep Type Frequency Range OSC Level To set up the analyzer, press the front panel keys as shown in the following procedure: MEASUREMENT Block (Ch1 Parameter = jZj) 1.
7-2. Setting up for C - D vs. Frequency The example setup for this measurement is as follows. Table 3-5. MEASUREMENT Block Parameter Setting Channel 1 Setting Cp1 Linear Parameter Format 1 Channel 2 Setting D Linear The selection of parallel (Cp) or series (Cs) depends on the DUT impedance, see the impedance measurement basics chapter in the Operation Manual . Table 3-6. STIMULUS Block Parameter Setting Frequency Linear 100 MHz to 1.
7-3. Setting up for C - D vs. OSC Level The example setup for this measurement is as follows. Table 3-7. MEASUREMENT Block Parameter Setting Channel 1 Setting Cp1 Linear Parameter Format 1 Channel 2 Setting D Linear The selection of parallel (Cp) or series (Cs) depends on the DUT impedance, see the impedance measurement basics chapter in the Operation Manual . Table 3-8.
7-4. Setting up for C - D vs. dc-V (Option 001 only) The example setup for this measurement is as follows. Table 3-9. MEASUREMENT Block Parameter Setting Channel 2 Setting Channel 1 Setting Cp Linear Parameter Format 1 D Linear 1 The selection of parallel (Cp) or series (Cs) depends on the DUT impedance, see the impedance measurement basics chapter in the Operation Manual . Table 3-10.
Display Annotations The settings that you set in the previous section are displayed on the LCD as annotations. The annotations are described below. Verify that they are set correctly.
8. Measuring the DUT After you place the DUT on the test xture, the measured result is displayed. Performing Automatic Scaling Often, the trace obtained after specifying the frequency range is too large or too small vertically for the grid. However, by using the automatic scaling function, you can obtain the optimum vertical setting. 5 to activate channel 1. 1. Press 4 5. 2. Press 4 3. Press AUTO SCALE to scale the trace of channel 1. Chan 1 Scale Ref NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4.
1 Marker value for channel 1 2 Marker value for channel 2 3 Marker stimulus for channel 1 4 Marker stimulus for channel 2 Note NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 5, MKR [COUPLED] When the markers are uncoupled by pressing 4 to [UNCOUPLED] , each marker stimulus is controlled independently. Marker NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Moving the Marker to the Minimum Point 1. Press 4 5. 2. Press 4 5. 3. Press SEARCH: MIN Chan 1 Search NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4.
Clearing the Marker 1. Press 4 5. 2. Press PRESET MKRS Marker NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3. The marker is cleared. Equivalent Circuit Analysis This analyzer has a function that can approximate the equivalent circuit constants of the ve di erent circuit models with actual data. This function can also simulate the frequency characteristics of a component by specifying the equivalent circuit constants of the selected circuit model.
Simulation The frequency characteristics are simulated by using the data approximated by the calculation described in a previous procedure. 5. 1. Press 4 2. Press EQUIV CKT MENU . Display NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3. Press SIMULATE F-CHRST . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4. The frequency characteristics are simulated and the simulated data is traced on the screen Clearing the Approximated Constant Data 5. 1. Press 4 2. Press EQIV CKT MENU .
Clearing the Simulated Data The simulated data is stored into the memory trace. Clear the memory trace to erase the simulated data trace. 1. Press 4 5. 2. Press DEFINE TRACE . Display NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3. Press CLEAR MEMORIES . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4. The simulated data traces are cleared. 10. Measuring Other DUT If you want to measure other DUTs on di erent setups, start from \6. Connecting the DUT to the Test Fixture".
4 Dielectric Material Measurement Quick Start Overview This chapter provides a quick start guide for dielectric material measurements. New users can quickly become familiar with the analyzer by performing these procedures. At the end of the quick start procedures, you will have learned how to make the following measurements: (1). Frequency characteristics of relative permittivity. (2). Cole-Cole plot. The analyzer displays relative permittivity in a complex format.
Brief Measurement Theory The permittivity measurement setup is shown in Figure 4-1. The analyzer can measure relative permittivity of a plate shaped, solid dielectric material. Figure 4-1. Dielectric Material Measurement The analyzer calculates the relative permittivity from the measured admittance.
Basic Measurement Flow Figure 4-2 shows the basic ow for a dielectric material measurement. Figure 4-2.
Required Equipment Warning 4-4 To perform all the steps in this quick start, the following equipment is required: 4291B RF Impedance/Material Analyzer High Impedance Test Head Calibration Kit 16453A Dielectric Material Test Fixture Load (Included with 16453A) Tweezers (Included with 16453A) Material Under Test (MUT) Figure 4-3. Required Equipment The 16454A has the capability for 055 C to 200 C temperature measurement in environmental testing. Use globes to prevent scalding when handling heated parts.
1. Power ON Verify both the test station and the test head are correctly setup before you turn ON the analyzer. If necessary, see Chapter 2. 1. Press the LINE switch. After the power-on self-test (approximately 10 seconds), the installed options and the connected test head information are displayed. Note Only the option numbers for 001 and 002 are displayed at power-on (if they are installed). Other installed option numbers are listed on the rear panel.
Calibration Procedure 1. Press 4 5. 2. Press CALIBRATE MENU . R connector on the test head as shown in 3. Turn the APC-7 Figure 4-5. 4. Verify that the connector sleeve is extended fully as shown in Figure 4-6. Cal NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Figure 4-5. Figure 4-6. R connector as shown 5. Connect the 0 S termination to the APC-7 in Figure 4-7. Figure 4-7. NNNNNNNNNNNNNN 6. Press OPEN . After an OPEN calibration sequence of about 1 minute, the OPEN softkey label is underlined. 7.
R connector as shown 8. Connect the 0 termination on the APC-7 in Figure 4-8. Figure 4-8. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 9. Press SHORT . After a SHORT calibration sequence of about 1 minute, the SHORT softkey label is underlined. 10. Disconnect the 0 termination. R connector nut of the 50 termination as 11. Turn only the APC-7 shown in Figure 4-9. 12. Verify that the connector sleeve is retracted fully as shown in Figure 4-10. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Figure 4-9. Figure 4-10. R connector as shown 13.
Figure 4-11. NNNNNNNNNNNNNN 14. Press LOAD . After a LOAD calibration sequence of about 2 minutes, the LOAD softkey label is underlined. 15. Disconnect the 50 termination. 16. Press DONE:CAL . NNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 17. Verify the two \COR" notations are displayed on the left of the screen. The calibration data is erased when the analyzer is turned o . Note 4-8 R Connector: Handling and Storage of the APC-7 Keep connectors clean. Do not touch the mating plane surfaces.
3. Connecting the Test Fixture Connecting the Test Fixture to the Test Head To connect your xture to the Test Head, perform the following steps: R connector on the test head as shown in 1. Turn the APC-7 Figure 4-12. 2. Verify that the connector sleeve is retracted fully as shown in Figure 4-13. Figure 4-12. Figure 4-13. 3. Secure the test xture to the xture holder using the two screws. 4. Connect the connector on the underside of the test xture to the APC-7 connector on the test head. 5.
Figure 4-14. Connecting the Test Fixtures Selecting the Test Fixture Perform the following steps to select the 16453A as the test xture: 1. Press 4 5 FIXTURE PERMITTVTY 16453 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Meas 2. Press RETURN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN After you select the 16453A as a test xture, the analyzer is set to the dielectric material measurement mode.
4. Input Load Thickness Before xture compensation, you need to input the load thickness value. The load thickness value is written on the case of the load. 1. Press 4 5 COMPEN KIT [TEFLON] . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Cal 2. Press MODIFY [TEFLON] . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3. Press DEFINE STANDARD . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4. Press THICKNESS . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 5. Input the load thickness value.
5. Fixture Compensation Note Fixture compensation corrects the parasitic error existing between the R connector (where test xture electrode and the test head APC-7 the measurement accuracy is speci ed) and also calculate edge e ect factor. Fixture compensation for dielectric material measurements requires OPEN, SHORT and LOAD compensations. The pressure to sandwich the MUT is adjustable. It should be at maximum as much as possible. Performing SHORT Compensation 1.
Performing OPEN Compensation 1. Pull up the knob. 2. Press the latch button while pulling up the knob. 3. Release the knob so that the knob is latched. OPEN Compensation Key Sequence When the test xture is ready for the open compensation sequence, press the following front panel keys: 1. Press OPEN . After the open compensation sequence is done, the OPEN softkey label is underlined.
Performing LOAD Compensation 1. Place the MUT on the lower electrode. 2. Don't touch the load to the xture body. 3. Pull up the knob to release the latch. 4. Press down the knob to sandwich the MUT between the electrodes. Then press the knob lightly once more to ensure proper contacts between electrodes and to stabilize the MUT. LOAD Compensation Key Sequence When the test xture is ready for the load compensation sequence, press the following front panel keys: 1. Press LOAD .
6. Input the MUT Thickness Before you measure the permittivity, you must input the thickness of your MUT. Measure the thickness using calipers or a micrometer. The applicable MUT thickness must be less than 3 mm. The MUT width or diameter must be longer than 15 mm. The surface of the MUT must be at to contact the MUT to the entire surface of electrodes. 1. Press 4 5 MATERIAL SIZE THICKNESS . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Meas 2. Input the thickness of your MUT.
8. Setting up the Analyzer 4-16 Before you start the measurement, you must set up the analyzer to match your measurement requirements. This section provides the setup procedures for the following measurements: Frequency characteristics of "r 0 -tan Cole-Cole Plot The setup procedure for each measurement is described in the following pages. Set up your analyzer according to the applicable procedure.
8-1. Setting up for "r - tan vs. Frequency 0 The example setup for this measurement is as follows. Table 4-1. MEASUREMENT Block Parameter Setting Channel 1 Setting Parameter Format "r 0 Linear Channel 2 Setting tan Linear Table 4-2. STIMULUS Block Parameter Setting Frequency Log 1 MHz to 1 GHz 500 mV Sweep Parameter Sweep Type Frequency Range OSC Level To set up the analyzer, press the front panel keys as shown in the following procedure: MEASUREMENT Block (Ch1 Parameter = "r 0 ) 1.
Display Annotations The settings that you set in the previous section are displayed on the LCD as annotations. The annotations are described below. Verify that they are set correctly.
8-2. Setting up for a Cole-Cole Plot The example setup for this measurement is as follows. Table 4-3. MEASUREMENT Block Parameter Setting Channel 1 Setting "r 0 -"r 00 Parameter Format Complex Plane Table 4-4. STIMULUS Block Parameter Setting Frequency Linear 1 MHz to 10 MHz 500 mV Sweep Parameter Sweep Type Frequency Range OSC Level To set up the analyzer, press the front panel keys as shown in the following procedure: MEASUREMENT Block (Dual Channel OFF) 1.
Display Annotations The settings that you set in the previous section are displayed on the LCD as annotations. The annotations are described below. Verify that they are set correctly. Figure 4-15.
9. Measuring the MUT After you place the MUT on the test xture, the measured result is displayed. Performing Automatic Scaling Often, the trace obtained after specifying the frequency range is too large or too small for the grid. However, by using the automatic scaling function, you can obtain the optimum scale setting. 5 to activate the required channel. 5 or 4 1. Press 4 5. 2. Press 4 3. Press AUTO SCALE to scale the trace of selected channel.
Marker for a Cole-Cole Plot 1. Press 4 5. 2. Turn the rotary knob until the marker moves to the point where you want to read the measured value. 3. Read the marker value displayed on the upper right of the display. Marker 1 Marker value for horizontal position (X axis) 2 Marker value for vertical position (Y axis) 3 Marker stimulus 10. Measuring Other MUTs If you want to measure other MUTs on di erent setups, start from \7. Placing the MUT in the Test Fixture".
5 Magnetic Material Measurement Quick Start Overview This chapter provides a quick start guide for magnetic material measurements. New users can quickly become familiar with the analyzer by performing these procedures. In this chapter, ferrite measurements are used to help you learn how to use the analyzer. At the end of the quick start procedures, you will have learned how to make the following measurement: (1). Frequency characteristics of relative permeability. (2).
Brief Measurement Theory The permeability measurement signal ow is shown in Figure 5-1. The analyzer can measure relative permeability for a toroidal shape magnetic material. Figure 5-1. Magnetic Material Measurement The analyzer calculates the relative permeability from the impedance.
Basic Measurement Flow Figure 5-2 shows the basic ow for a magnetic material measurement. Figure 5-2.
Required Equipment Warning 5-4 To perform all the steps in this quick start, the following equipment is required: 4291B RF Impedance/Material Analyzer Low Impedance Test Head Calibration Kit 16454A Magnetic Material Test Fixture Fixture Holder (Included with 16454A) MUT Holder (Included with 16454A) Tweezers (Included with 16454A) Material Under Test (MUT) (Ferrite material is demonstrated in this guide.) Figure 5-3.
1. Power ON Verify both the test station and the test head are correctly setup before you turn ON the analyzer. If necessary, see Chapter 2. 1. Press the LINE switch. After the power-on self-test (approximately 10 seconds), the installed options and the connected test head information are displayed. Note Only the option numbers for 001 and 002 are displayed at power-on (if they are installed). Other installed option numbers are listed on the rear panel.
Calibration Procedure 1. Press 4 5. 2. Press CALIBRATE MENU . R connector on the test head as shown in 3. Turn the APC-7 Figure 5-5. 4. Verify that the connector sleeve is extended fully as shown in Figure 5-6. Cal NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Figure 5-5. Figure 5-6. R connector as shown 5. Connect the 0 S termination to the APC-7 in Figure 5-7. Figure 5-7. NNNNNNNNNNNNNN 6. Press OPEN . After an OPEN calibration sequence of about 1 minute, the OPEN softkey label is underlined. 7.
R connector as shown 8. Connect the 0 termination on the APC-7 in Figure 5-8. Figure 5-8. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 9. Press SHORT . After a SHORT calibration sequence of about 1 minute, the SHORT softkey label is underlined. 10. Disconnect the 0 termination. R connector nut of the 50 termination as 11. Turn only the APC-7 shown in Figure 5-9. 12. Verify that the connector sleeve is retracted fully as shown in Figure 5-10. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Figure 5-9. Figure 5-10. R connector as shown 13.
Figure 5-11. NNNNNNNNNNNNNN 14. Press LOAD . After a LOAD calibration sequence of about 2 minutes, the LOAD softkey label is underlined. 15. Disconnect the 50 termination. 16. Press DONE:CAL . NNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 17. Verify the two \COR" notations are displayed on the left of the screen. The calibration data is erased when the analyzer is turned o . Note 5-8 R Connector: Handling and Storage of the APC-7 Keep connectors clean. Do not touch the mating plane surfaces.
3. Connecting the Test Fixture Selecting Fixture and Holder The 16454A consists of two xtures, a large one and a small one. The applicable MUT size for each xture is listed in Table 5-1. Table 5-1. MUT Size For Test Fixtures Fixture Small Large Holder A B C D MUT Outer Diameter (mm) 8 mm 6 mm 20 mm 20 mm 5 mm 6 mm MUT Inner Diameter (mm) 3.1 mm 3.1 mm 10 mm 10 mm 3 mm 3 mm MUT Height (mm) Figure 5-12 shows the dimensions of the MUT holder. Figure 5-12.
Figure 5-13. Figure 5-14. 3. Secure the test xture to the xture holder using the two screws. 4. Connect the connector on the underside of the test xture to the APC-7 connector on the test head. 5. Secure the xture holder to the test station using the two screws. Figure 5-15.
Selecting the Test Fixture Perform the following steps to select the 16454A as the test xture: 1. Press 4 5 FIXTURE PERMEABLTY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Meas 2. Press SELECT FIXTURE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3. Select the xture that you are using. To Press small large NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FIXTURE 16454(S) 16454(L) NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4.
3. Replace the cap by screwing tightly. : SHORT Compensation Key Sequence When the test xture is ready for the SHORT compensation sequence, press the following front panel keys: 1. Press 4 5 FIXTURE COMPEN COMPEN MENU SHORT . After the SHORT compensation sequence is done, the SHORT softkey label is underlined. 2. Press COMPEN:DONE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Cal NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 5.
Figure 5-16. Dimensions of the MUT MUT Size For Test Fixtures Small A B Fixture Holder MUT Outer Diameter (mm) 8 mm MUT Inner Diameter (mm) 3.1 mm MUT Height (mm) 3 mm 6. Placing the MUT on the Test Fixture 6 mm 3.1 mm 3 mm Large C 20 mm 6 mm 10 mm D 20 mm 5 mm 10 mm How to place the MUT on the 16454A is shown below: 1. Remove the cap of the xture. 2. Place a MUT on the MUT holder in the xture.
3. Replace the cap by screwing tightly. 7. Setting up the Analyzer 5-14 : Before you start the measurement, you must set up the analyzer to t your measurement requirements. This section provides the setup procedures for the following measurements: Frequency characteristics of r 0 - r 00 OSC level characteristics of r 0- r 00 Dc bias current characteristics of r 0- r 00 The setup procedure for each measurement is described in the following pages.
r 0 7-1. Setting up for - r vs. Frequency 00 The example setup for this measurement is as follows. Table 5-2. MEASUREMENT Block Parameter Setting Channel 1 Setting Channel 2 Setting r 0 r 00 Parameter Format Linear Linear Table 5-3. STIMULUS Block Parameter Setting Frequency Log 1 MHz to 1.8 GHz 500 mV Sweep Parameter Sweep Type Frequency Range OSC Level To set up the analyzer, press the front panel keys as shown in the following procedure: MEASUREMENT Block (Ch1 Parameter = r 0) 1.
7-2. Setting up for - vs. OSC Level r 0 r 00 The example setup for this measurement is as follows. Table 5-4. MEASUREMENT Block Parameter Setting Channel 1 Setting Channel 2 Setting r 0 r 00 Parameter Format Linear Linear Table 5-5.
7-3. Setting up for r - r vs. Dc-I (Option 001 only) 0 The example setup for this measurement is as follows. 00 Table 5-6. MEASUREMENT Block Parameter Setting Channel 1 Setting Channel 2 Setting r r 00 Parameter Format 0 Linear Linear Table 5-7. STIMULUS Block Parameter Setting Dc Bias I Linear 0 mA to 10 mA 0.
Display Annotations The settings that you set in the previous section are displayed on the LCD as annotations. The annotations are described below. Verify that they are set correctly.
8. Measuring the MUT After you place the MUT on the test xture, the measured result is displayed. Performing Automatic Scaling Often, the trace obtained after specifying the frequency range is too large or too small vertically for the grid. However, by using the automatic scaling function, you can obtain the optimum vertical setting. 5 to activate channel 1. 1. Press 4 5. 2. Press 4 3. Press AUTO SCALE to scale the trace of channel 1. Chan 1 Scale Ref NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4.
1 Marker value for channel 1 2 Marker value for channel 2 3 Marker stimulus for channel 1 4 Marker stimulus for channel 2 Note NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 5, MKR [COUPLED] When the markers are uncoupled by pressing 4 to [UNCOUPLED] , each marker stimulus is controlled independently. Marker NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Moving the Marker to the Maximum Point 5. 1. Press 4 2. Press 4 5. 3. Press SEARCH: MAX Chan 1 Search NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4.
Clearing the Marker 1. Press 4 5. 2. Press PRESET MKRS Marker NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3. The marker is cleared. 10. Measuring Other MUTs If you want to measure other MUTs on di erent setups, start from \6. Placing the MUT on the Test Fixture". If the next MUT is a di erent size, start from \5. Input the MUT Size".
6 Features Common to All Modes This chapter provides procedures for the analyzer's key features that can be used in all modes of operation (impedance, dielectric, magnetic). The functions are listed below. If you nd the function needed for your required task, see the associated section. Also, this chapter provides measurement techniques that help you achieve the best measurement by using the techniques listed below.
Performing User De ned Calibration USER DEFINED calibration reduces the error caused by the interpolation used in a FIXED calibration. 1. Set the analyzer to your required setting. 2. Press 4 5 4 5 4 5 42 5 to set point averaging factor to 32. And toggle POINT AVG OFF to ON. Bw/Avg 3 2 1 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3. Press 4 5 Cal NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CALIBRATE MENU . 4. Toggle CAL POINTS [FIXED] to [USER] .
Performing User De ned Fixture Compensation USER DEFINED xture compensation reduces the error caused by the interpolation used in a FIXED xture compensation. 1. Set the analyzer to your required setting. 2. Press 4 5 FIXTURE COMPEN . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL 3. Press COMPEN MENU . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4. Toggle COMP POINTS [FIXED] to [USER] . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 5.
Performing Sweep Averaging 1. Press 4 5 Bw/Avg NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SWEEP AVG FACTOR . 2. Enter the number of times to average. Then press 4 5. 3. Toggle SWEEP AVG on OFF to ON off . x1 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN \Avg" appears on the left side of the display when sweep averaging is turned on. The averaging notation counts the averaging factor during averaging until it reaches the speci ed averaging factor.
Using Point Delay and Sweep Delay Making a Point Delay Measurement Delay functions stabilize the measurements by delaying the measurement start for a speci ed time after the stimulus is set. 5. 1. Press 4 2. Press POINT DELAY TIME . Sweep NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3. Enter the point delay time. Then press 4 5. x1 Making a Sweep Delay Measurement 1. Press 4 5. 2. Press SWEEP DELAY TIME . Sweep NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3. Enter the sweep delay time.
Changing the Number of Measurement Points Number of Measurement Points Description Perform the following steps to change the number of measurement points: 1. Press 4 5 NUMBER of POINTS . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Sweep 2. Enter the number of measurement points. Then press 4 5. x1 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NUMBER of POINTS sets the number of measurement points in a sweep.
b. Enter the desired dc bias current value. c. Press BIAS VOLT LIMIT . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN d. Enter the desired voltage limit value. 3. Press RETURN . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4. Toggle DC BIAS on OFF to DC BIAS ON off . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 5. Verify that the DC BIAS ON message is displayed. If the voltage or the current reaches the limit value, the analyzer limits the source output.
Figure 6-4. Level Monitor Function Performing a GO/NO-GO Test Editing a Limit Line Table The limit line/testing function allows you to perform GO/NO-GO testing. The limit lines de ne the upper and lower limits. The limit testing function compares the measured data to the limit lines and indicates the result. This procedure edits a limit line table to match the example that is shown in Figure 6-5. Figure 6-5. Limit Line Example 1.
5. For segment 1: NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Press STIMULUS VALUE . Enter stimulus value A. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Press UPPER LIMIT . Enter value of a. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Press LOWER LIMIT . Enter value of b. NNNNNNNNNNNNNN Press DONE to end editing the segment. 6. For segment 2: NNNNNNNNNNN Press ADD to edit the new segment. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Press STIMULUS VALUE . Enter stimulus value B.
Executing a Limit Line Test 1. Press 4 5 System NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIMIT MENU . 2. Toggle LIMIT TEST on OFF to ON off . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN When limit testing is turned on, an out-of-limit test result is indicated in ve ways: With a FAIL message on the screen. With a beep (on/o selectable). With an asterisk in tabular listings of data (under 4 5). With bits 3 and 4 of the instrument status register in the status register.
1. Press 4 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIST MENU EDIT LIST EDIT . 5 Sweep 2. For segment 1: Press 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 Press 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 Start 1 0 0 M/ Stop 6 0 0 M/ 5. 5. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Press NUMBER of POINTS 465 4x15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEGMENT DONE . 3. For segment 2: NNNNNNNNNNN Press ADD . Press 4 Press 4 5 465 405 405 4M/ 5. Start 5 475 405 405 4M/ 5.
6. Enter the required value in volts or amps, then press 4 5. (Do not use the hard key for units, 4 5 4 5 4 5) 7. The stimulus is changed from one to another measurement points that is de ned by the number of points. It takes few seconds per one point. 8. After the measurement is completed, the message \complete" is displayed. 9. The measurement result is displayed on the data trace and the actual OSC level that was applied to the DUT is displayed on the memory trace.
6. Select which voltage or current regulation by enter the number according to instructions. Then press 4 5. 7. Enter the required stimulus start value in volts or amps, then press 4 5. (Do not use the hard key for units, 4 5 4 5 4 5) 8. Enter the required stimulus stop value in volts or amps, then press 4 5. 9. After the tens-seconds measurement is completed, the message \complete" is displayed. 10.
Placing Letters on the Screen 1. Press 4 5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE LABEL MENU . Display 2. Press LABEL NUMBER . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3. Select a label number (0 to 19) that has not been entered yet. 4. Press LABEL . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 5. Enter the label name: Turn the rotary knob to move the arrow \"" below the character that you want. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Press SELECT LETTER . Keep entering characters in the same manner.
Splitting the Measurement Display The split display function allows you to split the display using two half screen graticules (one above the other). 1. Press 4 5 2. Verify DUAL CHAN is ON. Display NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3. Toggle SPLIT DISP on OFF to ON off . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Figure 6-8. Split Display Performing Independent Sweeps for Each Channel The sweep parameter values can be uncoupled between the two channels.
Using the Marker Reading a Value Using the Marker Reading Values by Using the Sub-markers The marker function allows you to read a value at the marker, to read values at several points on the trace, or to search for speci c points (like max/min or peak). 5. 1. Press 4 2. The active marker is displayed on the traces. 3. Move the marker by performing one of the following steps: Turn the rotary knob until the marker moves to the point where you want to read the measured value.
Searching for a Speci c Point Searching for Maximum/Minimum Points 1. Select the channel of the trace on which you want to search for a speci c point by pressing 4 5 or 4 5. 2. Press 4 5. 3. Do one of the following: Chan 1 Chan 2 Search To Press Search for maximum point Search for minimum point NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEARCH: MAX MIN NNNNNNNNNNN 4. The active marker moves to the target point on the trace of the activated channel. Searching for Points that Have the Target Value 1.
3. Press SELECT MEMORY NUMBER . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4. Press 4*5 to select the number of a memory trace into which a trace has not been stored. 5. Press DATA ! MEMORY to store the data trace into the selected memory trace. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Displaying Memory Traces 1. Press 4 5. 2. Press DEFINE TRACE . Display NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3.
Using the Trace Math Function Calculating Using the Data Trace and Memory Trace Turning O the Data Math Function Saving and Recalling Caution The trace math function allows you to calculate functions using the data trace and the memory trace. 1. Press 4 5 Display NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA MATH [DATA] . 2.
Saving an Analyzer Setting and Measurement Trace You can save an analyzer setting and measurement trace by performing the following procedure. Not only the key setting but also calibatrion data and compensation data are saved into the status les. R formatted 3.5 inch disk into the oppy 1. Insert a LIF or MS-DOS disk drive (if you are saving an instrument state le to the memory disk, skip this step). 2. Press 4 5 SWEEP: HOLD to hold a sweep, if you want to save a measurement trace. 3. Press 4 5. 4.
Saving Measured Data for a Spreadsheet 1. Insert a DOS format disk into the oppy disk drive. 2. Press 4 5 key. 3. Press DATA ONLY and SAVE ASCII . Save NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4. Select the oppy disk drive as the storage device by toggling to STOR DEV [DISK] . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 5. Enter a lename. Then press DONE . NNNNNNNNNNNNNN The measured data is saved as ASCII text. Each value is separated by a tab.
Logging the Key Sequence into a Program The logging function allows you to log your key sequence into an instrument BASIC program. This function allows you to create a program without referring to the Programming Manual. 1. Press 4 5. 2. Toggle LOGGING on OFF to ON off . System NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3. Press the front panel keys according to your required setting. 5. 4. Press 4 5. Toggle LOGGING ON off to on OFF .
Measurement Techniques Smoothing the Trace Note This section provides additional measurement techniques that help you achieve the best measurement results. When the measurement trace is not smooth, the following procedure can provide a smoother trace: 1. Set the point averaging factor to more than 32. 2. Set the number of measurement points to a large value. 3. Perform the user de ned calibration. 4. Perform the user de ned xture compensation. 5. Measure your DUT (or MUT).
7. Verify the measurement trace of jZj is within 50 6250 m during the entire sweep. 8. Verify the measurement trace of z is within 65 mrad (0.29 ) during the entire sweep. Calibration with low-loss capacitor 1. Connect 50 termination to the test head. 2. Verify that all of OPEN/SHORT/LOAD xture compensations under 4 5 FIXTURE COMPEN are OFF. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Cal 3. Press 4 5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNN FIXTURE NONE Meas 4. Press 4 5 4Meas5 Chan 1 5.
SHORT Compensation Veri cation (Impedance Measurement Only) 1. Set the test xture to the short condition. 2. Verify the xture model number under 4 5 was set correctly for your measurement. 3. Verify that SHORT xture compensation under 4 5 FIXTURE COMPEN is ON. Meas Cal NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4. Press 4 5 4Meas5 Chan 1 5. Press 4 5 Scale Ref 6. Press 4 7. Press 4 5 Scale Ref RESIST (R) . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AUTO SCALE .
A Manual Changes Introduction This appendix contains the information required to adapt this manual to earlier versions or con gurations of the analyzer than the current printing date of this manual. The information in this manual applies directly to the 4291B RF Impedance/Material Analyzer serial number pre x listed on the title page of this manual.
Serial Number Agilent Technologies uses a two-part, ten-character serial number that is stamped on the serial number plate (see Figure A-1) attached to the rear panel. The rst ve characters are the serial pre x and the last ve digits are the su x. Figure A-1.
B Maintenance This appendix provides information on performance veri cation, repair, replacement of Center Conductor Collet, line voltage setting changes, and fuse replacement. Performance Veri cation The 4291B requires periodic performance veri cation. How often you verify performance depends on the operating and environmental conditions. The recommended cycle is at least once a year. The performance veri cation procedure is described in the Service Manual.
Nothing is displayed on the screen or only the softkey labels are displayed. The display allocation may set to all BASIC. Recalling a status le, but the calibration data isn't recalled (COR is not displayed.) The di erent kind of test head may be connected.
3. Keep the handle pulled back and insert 4. Release the handle and remove the old the tool into the connector until it comes collet and the tool. to rest lightly on the interior support bead. The low-loss capacitor has no extending connecter sleeve. Use the Removing Tool Guide instead of extending connector sleeve.
1. Place the collet on the center conductor of the connector. B-4 Maintenance 2. Press the collet gently until it snaps into place.
Fixture Compensation Procedures for the 16191A and 16193A C This appendix provides xture compensation procedures for the 16191A and 16193A. A xture compensation procedure for the 16192A is described in the \5. Fixture Compensation" in Chapter 3. 16191A SHORT Compensation The names of each part are listed above. 1. 1 Latch o the arm latch. 2 Hold up the pressure arm. 2. Loosen knob A 3. Adjust knob B to t the shorting device to the device scale.
4. Place the shorting device on the electrode and turn 5. Verify that the shorting device contacts the electrodes securely. knob B for ne adjustment. 7. 1 Press the arm latch. 2 Turn down the pressure arm. 6. Tighten knob A. 8. Verify that pressure arm presses the shorting device. SHORT Compensation Key Sequence 1. Press 4 5 Cal C-2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FIXTURE COMPEN COMPEN MENU SHORT .
2. After the short compensation sequence is completed, the SHORT softkey label is underlined. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN OPEN Compensation 1. Place the DUT on the electrolde just as you set the 2. Remove the DUT from the electrodes. shorting device in the short compensation. 9. 1 Press the arm latch. 2 Turn down the pressure arm. OPEN Compensation Key Sequence 1. Press OPEN . NNNNNNNNNNNNNN 2. After the open compensation sequence is completed, the OPEN softkey label is underlined. 3. Press DONE: COMPEN .
Connecting DUT 1. 1 Latch o the arm latch. 2 Hold up the pressure 2. Place the DUT on the electrodes. arm. 3. 1 Press the arm latch. 2 Turn down the pressure 4. Verify that pressure arm presses the DUT. arm.
16193A SHORT Compensation The names of each part are listed above. 1. 1 Push the arm lifter. 2 Push the arm latch button. 3 Release the arm lifter while pushing the arm latch button so that the pressure arm is held. 2. 1 Loosen the locking knob. 2 Rotate the positioner until the nose of the pressure arm is located outside the stage. 3. Position the size selection frame depending on the size of the DUT. (This procedure shows the case for D as an example.
4. Place the shorting device on the electrode. 5. 1 Loosen the knob. 2 Position the DUT holder so that the short bar contacts both electrodes. 3 Tighten the knob to x the DUT holder. 1 Push the arm lifter so that the arm latch is 6. 1 Reposition the positioner so that the nose of the 7. released. 2 Let down the pressure arm to press down pressure arm is just above the shorting device. 2 the shorting device. Tighten the locking knob. SHORT Compensation Key Sequence 1.
OPEN Compensation 1. 1 Push the arm lifter. 2 Push the arm latch button. 3 Release the arm lifter while pushing the arm latch button so that the pressure arm is held. 2. Remove the shorting device. OPEN Compensation Key Sequence 1. Press OPEN . NNNNNNNNNNNNNN 2. After the open compensation sequence is completed, the OPEN softkey label is underlined. 3. Press DONE: COMPEN . NNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4.
1 Reposition the positioner so that the nose of the 3. 1 Loosen the knob. 2 Position the DUT holder so that the DUT contacts both electrodes. 2 Tighten the 3 Tighten the pressure arm is just above the DUT. locking knob. knob. 3. 1 Push the arm lifter so that the arm latch is released. 2 Let down the pressure arm to press down the DUT.
D Fixture Compensation Procedures for the 16194A Exchanging the device holder Warning The 16194A can hold both leaded devices and surface mount devices by exchanging the device holder. The exchanging procedure is as follows. 1. Remove the ground plate. 2. When measuring a surface mount device, attach the knob on the device holder as shown in Figure D-1. 3. Select the device holder suitable for the device type. Loosen its knob and insert it into the arm. 4. Set the ground plate. Figure D-1.
Connecting the Test Fixture This section descibes how to connect 16194A with option 013 and 014 test head and xture station. R connector plane before 1. Calibrate your analyzer at the APC-7 connecting the test xture. R connector. 2. Place the xture on the APC-7 R 3. Tighten (turn counterclockwise) the coupling nut of the APC-7 connector. Figure D-2.
Setting Figure D-3. Adjust the arrow points to x a DUT, a short device and load device. For SMD, adjust the device holder's posisions to x DUT, a short device and load device. For lead device, adjust the pin positions for DUT size. And x the grand plate's knob. Press 4291B's key. 1. For load compensation, press 4 5 FIXTURE IMPEDANCE[NONE] . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Meas 2. Without load compensation, press 4 SELECT FIXTURE 16194 .
SHORT compensation For SMD, choose a short device which is same size as DUT. And x it on electrode with the arm. For leaded device: 1. Move the arm outside. 2. Move the ground plate to t the short device's size. 3. Place the short device on the electrodes and press it with the device holder (Figure D-4). When placing a leaded device, put its leads on the notch of the 4291B's electrodes. You can adjust the pressure of the arm by turning the pressure adjustment using the wrench. Figure D-4.
Open compensation 1. If there is any device on the electrodes, remove it. 2. When measuring a surface mount device, move the arm outward and latch it. Then make the distance between the electrodes same as the device size by adjusting the ground plate(Figure D-5). 3. When measuring a leaded device, make the distance between the electrodes and the distance between the device holder's pins same as the device size. Then press the electrodes with the device holder's pins, not latching the arm(Figure D-5).
Load compensation 1. Adjust the position of the ground plate and tighten its knob. 2. Adjust the position of the device holder so that it presses against the device. When measuring a leaded device, adjust the distance between the two pins to the device size. Then tighten the knob of the device holder. 3. Move the arm outward. 4. Place the device on the electrodes and press it with the device holder (Figure D-6). When placing a leaded device, put its leads on the notch of the 4291B's electrodes.
DUT 1. Adjust the position of the ground plate and tighten its knob. 2. Adjust the position of the device holder so that it presses against the device. When measuring a leaded device, adjust the distance between the two pins to the device size. Then tighten the knob of the device holder. 3. Move the arm outward. 4. Place the device on the electrodes and press it with the device holder (Figure D-7). When placing a leaded device, put its leads on the notch of the 4291B's electrodes. Figure D-7.
E Calibration and Compensation Calibration Calibration is used to de ne the \Calibration Plane" at which the speci ed measurement accuracy can be obtained. To calibrate an analyzer, the 0 S, 0 , and 50 standards from the Calibration Kit are connected at the calibration plane. The analyzer is then calibrated so that it measures within its speci ed accuracy. In the case of 4291B, R connector.
Figure E-1. OPEN/SHORT Fixture Compensation OPEN/SHORT Fixture Compensation corrects for the residuals of the test xture. However, it cannot reduce a phase-shift induced error. Electrical Length Compensation can compensate for this error. OPEN/SHORT/LOAD Fixture Compensation E-2 Calibration and Compensation OPEN/SHORT/LOAD Fixture Compensation is an advanced compensation technique that is applicable to complicated residual circuits.
Index A ACI program , 6-12 active marker , 6-16 ALC , 6-11 ASCII save , 6-21 AUTOREC , 6-20 averaging , 6-3 B BACK UP MEMO DISK , 6-19 C calibration xed , 6-2 user de ned, 6-2 CAL POINTS [USER] , 6-2 cleaning , 2-8 CLEAR SUB MKR , 6-16 COMPEN POINTS [USER] , 6-3 conditions operation, 2-8 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN D NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
G go/no-go test , 6-8 H handle installing , 2-9 handle and rack mounting , 2-10 I initialize , 6-21 installation, 2-1 rack/handle , 2-9 L label function , 6-13 LABEL MENU , 6-13 LEVEL MON , 6-7 level monitor , 6-7 limit line/testing , 6-8 list sweep , 6-10 log program , 6-22 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN M manual changes, A-1 marker marker list , 6-16 max point , 6-17 min point , 6-17 target , 6-17 marker , 6-16 memory trace , 6-17 MKR LIST , 6-16 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
R rack/handle installation , 2-9 rack mounting , 2-9 recall analyzer setting , 6-20 automatically , 6-20 measurement trace , 6-20 requirement ventilation, 2-8 RESTMDISK , 6-19 S sample program disk , 6-11, 6-12 save analyzer setting , 6-20 display image , 6-20 measurement trace , 6-20 serial number, A-2 Split Display , 6-15 spreadsheet , 6-21 sub-marker using , 6-16 SUB MKR , 6-16 sweep list , 6-10 sweep averaging , 6-4 sweep delay , 6-5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN T text with tab delimiter , 6-21 TIFF , 6
