8510XF Network Analyzer Systems E7340A & E7342A (2 to 85 GHz) E7350A & E7352A (2 to 110 GHz) Operating and Service Manual Agilent Part Number: Printed in USA Print Date: April 2002 Supersedes: June 2001 E7350-90001
Notice The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
What You’ll Find in This Manual… Chapter 1 • Introduction to the 8510XF Chapter 2 • How to install the system Chapter 3 • How to use the system to make measurements Chapter 4 • How to verify the performance of the system Chapter 5 • How to maintain the system Chapter 6 • How to order replacement parts Chapter 7 • How to find information about menus, softkeys, and commands 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems iii
Warranty Certification Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, formerly NBS), to the extent allowed by the Institute’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.
Contacting Agilent Online assistance: www.agilent.
Safety and Regulatory Information Safety and Regulatory Information Review this product and related documentation to familiarize yourself with safety markings and instructions before you operate the instrument. This product has been designed and tested in accordance with international standards. WARNING The WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or the like, that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury.
Safety and Regulatory Information Instrument Markings ! When you see this symbol on your instrument, you should refer to the instrument’s instruction manual for important information. This symbol indicates hazardous voltages. The laser radiation symbol is marked on products that have a laser output. This symbol indicates that the instrument requires alternating current (ac) input. The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Spectrum Agency.
Safety and Regulatory Information Before Applying Power Verify that the product is configured to match the available main power source as described in the input power configuration instructions in this manual. If this product is to be powered by autotransformer, make sure the common terminal is connected to the neutral (grounded) side of the ac power supply. WARNING Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended.
Typeface Conventions Typeface Conventions • Used to emphasize important information: Use this software only with the xxxxxX system. • Used for the title of a publication: Refer to the xxxxxX System-Level User’s Guide. • Used to indicate a variable: Type LOAD BIN filename. Instrument Display • Used to show on-screen prompts and messages that you will see on the display of an instrument: The xxxxxX will display the message CAL1 SAVED.
Compliance with Standards Compliance with Standards Compliance with German Noise Requirements This is to declare that this instrument is in conformance with the German Regulation on Noise Declaration for Machines (Laermangabe nach der Maschinenlaermrerordnung −3.GSGV Deutschand). Acoustic Noise Emission/Geraeuschemission LpA <70 dB Operator position Normal position per ISO 7779 LpA <70 dB am Arbeitsplatz normaler Betrieb nach DIN 45635 t.
Compliance with Standards 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems xi
Compliance with Standards xii 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems
Contents Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii What You’ll Find in This Manual… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv DOCUMENTATION WARRENTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Test Port Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unpacking the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tools Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic System Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing the Work Surface .
Standards Already Described . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Port Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RF Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RF Power Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LO Power . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Theory of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 Signal Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 Frequency Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 The Leveling Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15 Level Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18 LO Levels .
1 Introduction In This Chapter...
Introduction Finding System Information Finding System Information Sources of Information Table 1-1 Documents provided with the 8510XF include the following: Documents Supplied with the System Document Part Number Description 8510XF Operation and Service Manual E7350-90001 8510XF system manual 8510C Network Analyzer Manuals set 08510-90275 includes: 8510C Operating and Programming Manual 08510-90281 A detailed operator’s guide to the 8510C network analyzer 8510C Introductory User’s Guide 08510
Introduction Finding System Information Where to look The following table shows where to look first (and second) for particular kinds of information.
Introduction 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems The 8510XF is a vector network analyzer with an extremely wide frequency range. It is available in two basic versions, with frequency ranges of 2 to 85 GHz and 2 to 110 GHz. Both ranges can be optionally extended downward to 45 MHz. The 8510XF uses the same test port connections throughout its entire range of test frequencies. It is never necessary to make and break connections in order to complete a test.
Introduction System Description System Description Two Versions of the 8510XF The system is available in two basic versions, distinguished by their upper frequency limits. The 85 GHz version is ordered as E7340A; the 110 GHz version is ordered as E7350A.
Introduction System Description Coaxial Configuration When the 8510XF is configured for measurement through coaxial connections, the network analyzer, the millimeter-wave controller, and the RF and LO sources are all installed in the rack. The test heads are placed on a work surface which is mounted below the millimeter-wave controller. The test ports feature 1.0 mm coaxial connectors.
Introduction System Description Wafer Probe Configuration For on-wafer measurements, it is usually best to remove the network analyzer from the instrument rack, and place it on a table adjacent to the probe station. This makes it easy to see and operate the analyzer. No wafer probe station is supplied with the system; the illustration below simply shows how the 8510XF combines with a typical probe station to create an on-wafer measurement system.
Introduction Options Options Option 005 (45 MHz to 2 GHz) This option extends the lower limit of the 8510XF frequency range downward to 45 MHz. The option is implemented by adding four low-frequency mixers, which are dedicated to the .045 to 2 GHz frequency range. These mixers are installed in the millimeter-wave controller. Option 006 (RF Passthrough) This option adds a coupler, amplifier, and RF output connector to the millimeter-wave controller.
Introduction Options Option 010 (Time Domain) This option makes it possible to use the 8510XF in time domain mode. The option is implemented through modification of the network analyzer operating system. NOTE Option 010 is available only for complete systems (E7340A and E7350A). Option 230 (Line Voltage) This option configures the 8510XF for 220/240 line voltage operation.
Introduction Upgrade Paths Upgrade Paths Kits are available for upgrading another type of 8510C test system to an 8510XF system, as described below. Upgrade Kits for the 85107A/B Table 1-3 NOTE An 85107A/B can be upgraded to an 8510XF, in either the 110 GHz version (upgrade kit E7355A) or the 85 GHz version (upgrade kit E7345A).
Introduction Upgrade Paths Upgrade Kits for the 85106C/D Table 1-4 An 85106C/D can be upgraded to an 8510XF, in either the 110 GHz version (upgrade kit E7356A) or the 85 GHz version (upgrade kit E7346A).
Introduction Upgrade Paths Upgrade Kits for the 85109C (With Option 002) Table 1-5 NOTE An 85109C with Option 002 can be upgraded to an 8510XF, in either the 110 GHz version (upgrade kit E7357A) or the 85 GHz version (upgrade kit E7347A).
2 Installation In This Chapter...
Installation Site Preparation Site Preparation Power Requirements Table 2-1 Before installing the system, be sure that the required ac power is available at all necessary locations. • Three-wire power cables (which provide a safety ground) must be used with all instruments. • Air-conditioning equipment (or other motor-operated equipment) should not be placed on the same ac line that powers the system.
Installation Site Preparation Environmental Requirements The environmental requirements of the system are listed in the table below. Note that these requirements are the same as those of the 8510C Network Analyzer.
Installation Site Preparation Weight and dimensions The table below shows the maximum weight and dimensions of the 8510XF system, as installed in the system rack, with the test heads on an attached work surface. Table 2-3 System Weight and Dimensions Weight Height Width Depth 280.3 kg (618 lbs) 162 cm (63.8 in) Rack only: 60 cm (23.6 in) Plus work surface: 100 cm (39.4 in) Rack Only: 90.5 cm (35.6 in) Plus work surface: 145.4 cm (57.
Installation Receiving the System Receiving the System The System as Shipped The 8510XF system will arrive with all rack components and instruments installed and cabled in the system cabinet. The system cabinet is shipped upright in a special crate (as illustrated in “Unpacking the System” on page 2-11). The work surface is included in the system cabinet packaging. The test heads are packaged separately from the system cabinet, in two padded cartons.
Installation Receiving the System Shipping Containers Keep the shipping containers in one area until the system checklist has been completed. This makes it easier to verify that everything ordered has been shipped. Keep the containers, and all packing materials, until the entire shipment has been verified for completeness, and the system has been checked mechanically and electrically. The crate may be used one more time only to ship the 8510XF cabinet.
Installation Receiving the System System Checklists Standard Items Table 2-5 Use the tables below to verify that the shipment is complete. These are items that are supplied (as indicated below) with E7340A or E7350A complete systems only. For a list of items supplied with upgrade kits see “Upgrade Paths” on page 1-10 through page 1-12. Items that are supplied with all 8510XF (E7340A or E7350A) systems are listed in Table 2-5.
Installation Receiving the System Optional/Variable Items Table 2-6 ✔ Table 2-6 lists those items that are supplied only if the applicable frequency range or option has been ordered with the 8510XF (E7340A or E7350A) system.
Installation Precautions Precautions Safe Installation Install the system so that the ON/OFF switch is readily identifiable and is easily reached by the operator. The ON/OFF switch or the detachable power cord is the system disconnecting device. It disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the system. Alternatively, an externally installed switch or circuit breaker (which is readily identifiable and is easily reached by the operator) may be used as a disconnecting device.
Installation Precautions WARNING If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a normal condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only. Electrostatic Discharge CAUTION The millimeter-wave controller and the test heads are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). Ground your work station before unpacking and installing the test heads. See “Electrostatic Discharge” on page 5-2 for more information.
Installation Unpacking the System Unpacking the System Tools Required • • CAUTION When you remove the clamps from the packing crates, be careful not to bend them; they may be reused when the system is repacked. Figure 2-2 NOTE 9/16 inch wrench or adjustable-end wrench Screwdriver (to pry off packing clamps) The Outer Packing Crate The figures show a double rack crate.
Installation Unpacking the System Safety Glasses Figure 2-3 WARNING Removing the Outer Packing Crate Always wear safety glasses when removing the clamps and other packing materials from the crates. Remove the outer packing crate 1. Remove the clamps holding the packing crate top cover in place. Remove the top cover and set it aside. 2. Remove the clamps holding the first packing crate wall in place. It does not matter which wall you remove first. 3. Remove the other walls.
Installation Unpacking the System Foam cover Figure 2-4 Removing the Foam Cover and Plastic Wrapping Remove the top cover and plastic wrapping 1. Remove the foam top cover. Save the cover for possible future use. 2. Remove the plastic wrapping from the system.
Installation Unpacking the System Brace bolts (Item A) Brace (Item B) Figure 2-5 Removing the Bolts Ramp anchor bolt (Item D) Hinged slat (Item C) Ramp Ledge Figure 2-6 Removing the Anchor Bolt 2-14 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems
Installation Unpacking the System Ramp anchor bolt (Item D) Ramp end flap (hinged to ramp) (Item E) Figure 2-7 Replacing the Anchor Bolt Unload the system 1. Pull out the two bolts (item A) from the base using a screwdriver or pliers. See Figure 2-5 on page 2-14. 2. Remove the brace assembly (item B). 3. Lift the hinged slat (item C) and remove the ramp anchor bolt (item D). See Figure 2-6 on page 2-14. 4. Place one end of the ramp on the ramp ledge. See Figure 2-7 above. 5.
Installation Unpacking the System Figure 2-8 Moving the System Down the Ramp 7. Make sure the leveling feet are fully retracted and that the cabinet casters are rolling freely. WARNING Do not stand in front of the rack as it rolls down the ramp. 8. Roll the system down the ramp using extreme care. 9. In case you must move the system in the future, you can retain and reuse these packing materials or you can purchase replacement packing materials from Agilent Technologies.
Installation Basic System Configurations Basic System Configurations The 8510XF can be used in either of two basic configurations, depending on the means by which the test ports are connected to the device under test. Coaxial measurement This configuration is used when the device under test has coaxial connectors. The 8510XF test ports have 1.0 mm coaxial connectors, designed to cover a frequency range of 45 MHz to 110 GHz.
Installation Basic System Configurations Coaxial Configuration Figure 2-9 Figure 2-9 shows how the instruments are installed in the rack for the coaxial configuration. The test heads (which are placed on the work surface) are omitted here, in order to give an unobstructed view of the rack instruments. Rack Diagram for Coaxial Configuration Figure 2-10 on page 2-19 shows rack cabling for the coaxial configuration.
Installation Basic System Configurations Figure 2-10 Rear-View Cabling Diagram (Coaxial Configuration) 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-19
Installation Basic System Configurations Installing the Work Surface The work surface is a 1 meter wide table top, to be attached to the system rack just below the millimeter-wave controller. 1. Extend the lock feet (located at the bottom of the cabinet) to stabilize the rack. 2. Attach the work surface support rails to the inside of the cabinet. 3. Slide the work surface onto the support rails. NOTE The 1 meter table top is included in the E7340A and E7350A complete systems.
Installation Basic System Configurations Wafer Probe Configuration Figure 2-12 shows how the instruments are installed in the rack for the wafer probe configuration. The test heads (which are placed on X-Y positioners mounted to the wafer probe station) are omitted here, in order to give an unobstructed view of the rack instruments. Figure 2-12 Rack Diagram for Wafer Probe Configuration Figure 2-13 shows rack cabling for the wafer probe configuration.
Installation Basic System Configurations Figure 2-13 Rear-view Cabling Diagram (Wafer-Probe Configuration) 2-22 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems
Installation Millimeter-Wave Controller Millimeter-Wave Controller The front panel of the millimeter-wave controller is illustrated below. (See page 2-28 for information on controller/test head interconnections.) Figure 2-14 Millimeter-Wave Controller NOTE The illustration above shows the front panel of the controller as it appears in systems with Option 005 (.045 MHz to 2 GHz range added). If the system does not have Option 005, the four “RF Input” connectors (a1, b1, a2, and b2) will be omitted.
Installation Millimeter-Wave Controller Connectors (Port 1) RF OUTPUT This 2.4 mm connector provides the left test head with the RF signal that is used for frequencies up to 50 GHz. MM DRIVE This 2.4 mm connector provides the left test head with the RF signal that is used for frequencies above 50 GHz (this signal is multiplied within the test head). LO OUTPUT This 3.5 mm connector provides the left test head with the LO signal that is used for all frequencies. a1 RF INPUT This 3.
Installation Millimeter-Wave Controller GPIB Address Switch The millimeter-wave controller has an GPIB address switch located in the lower right area of the rear panel. The address of the controller is normally set to 23 (binary 10111). The address switch is illustrated below; the individual bits are set by rocker switches (in the illustration, the darkened side of each switch is the side that is pressed in).
Installation Test Heads Test Heads Port 1 and Port 2 are in the left and right test heads, respectively. The test heads are placed on the work surface in front of the system rack, or (for on-wafer measurement), on a wafer probe station. Connector Positions The test heads are asymmetrical with regard to the positions of the test port connectors. When the test heads are placed side by side, facing each other, the Port 1 connector is set further back than the Port 2 connector.
Installation Test Heads The right test head is illustrated below; it is shown from the rear (that is, from the point of view of the controller). The multiple-connector panel provides connections between the test head and the controller. The single-connector panel contains test port 2. Figure 2-18 Test Ports The illustration below shows a test port. The “ON” LED to the left of the test port lights to indicate that the test head is receiving the required DC supply voltages from the controller.
Installation Controller / Test Head Interconnections Controller / Test Head Interconnections Systems With Option 005 The interconnections between the controller and the test heads are shown below, for a system with Option 005 (for systems without this option, see page 2-30). NOTE The order in which cables are connected to a test head is significant; see “Sequence of test head connections” on page 2-29.
Installation Controller / Test Head Interconnections Sequence of test head connections NOTE Use a 57 N-cm (5 in-lb) torque wrench to tighten the SMA connectors, and a 90 N-cm (8 in-lb) torque wrench to tighten the 2.4 mm and 3.5 mm connectors. The connectors on the backs of the test heads are very closely spaced. Attaching cables to these connectors is easiest if they are attached in the following sequence (as illustrated in Figure 2-21 below): 1.
Installation Controller / Test Head Interconnections Instruments Without Option 005 The interconnections between the controller and the test heads are shown below, for a system without Option 005. NOTE The order in which cables are connected to a test head is significant; see “Sequence of test head connections” on page 2-31.
Installation Controller / Test Head Interconnections Sequence of test head connections NOTE Use a 57 N-cm (5 in-lb) torque wrench to tighten the SMA connectors, and a 90 N-cm (8 in-lb) torque wrench to tighten the 2.4 mm and 3.5 mm connectors. The connectors on the backs of the test heads are very closely spaced. Attaching cables to these connectors is easiest if they are attached in the following sequence (as illustrated in Figure 2-23 below): 1.
Installation Cable List Cable List System cabling for the 8510XF is outlined in the tables below. Duplicate Listings In these tables, a complete from/to connection list is given for the network analyzer, the RF source, the LO source, the controller, the left test head, and the right test head. In other words, each cable is listed twice, and can be found by looking up the connection from either end.
Installation Cable List Table 2-8 Cable List (Connections from the 83621B) From 83621B... To: Notes Cable Type Part No. 10 MHz ref output 83651B -- 10 MHz ref input factory installed BNC 8120-1838 RF output Millimeter-wave controller -- LO input factory installed 3.5 mm semi-rigid coax E7340-20076 GPIB 83651B -- GPIB factory installed GPIB 8120-3444 (Model 10833D) Table 2-9 Cable List (Connections from the 83651B) From 83651B... To: Notes Cable Type Part No.
Installation Cable List Table 2-10 From Millimeter-Wave Controller, Front Panel: To: Port 1 RF output Cable List (Connections from the Millimeter-Wave Controller) Notes Cable Type Part No. Left test head -- RF input 2.4 mm RF flex E7342-60005 Port 1 mm drive Left test head -- mm drive 2.4 mm RF flex E7342-60005 Port 1 LO output Left test head -- LO input 3.
Installation Cable List Table 2-11 Cable List (Connections from the Left Test Head) From Left Test Head... To: Notes Cable Type Part No. LO input Millimeter-wave controller -port 1 LO Output duplicate listing 3.5 mm RF flex E7342-60004 b RF output [Option 005 only] Millimeter-wave controller -port 1 RF input (b1) duplicate listing SMA RF flex E7342-60003 mm drive Millimeter-wave controller -port 1 mm drive duplicate listing 2.
Installation Cable List Table 2-12 Cable List (Connections from the Right Test Head) From Right Test Head... To: Notes Cable Type Part No. LO input Millimeter-wave controller -port 2 LO Output duplicate listing 3.5 mm RF flex E7342-60004 b RF output [Option 005 only] Millimeter-wave controller -port 2 RF input (b2) duplicate listing SMA RF flex E7342-60003 mm drive Millimeter-wave controller -port 2 mm drive duplicate listing 2.
Installation Cable List Other Connections and Settings GPIB Addresses When the 8510C power is turned on, all previously assigned GPIB addresses are automatically recalled from memory and assigned to the various system instruments, including the address of the 8510C itself. The GPIB address switch settings for all instruments must match the addresses assigned by the system. In 8510XF systems, these addresses are set at the factory prior to shipment.
Installation Turning On the System Turning On the System While turning on the system, be sure to observe all of the precautions stated on page 2-9. 1. Verify that the hardware is properly connected (refer to “Basic System Configurations” on page 2-17). 2. Inspect the test ports before they are connected to any other device (see “Visual inspection” on page 5-4 for information on recognizing defects in a 1.0 mm connector.) 3. Turn on power for the system rack. 4.
Installation System Operational Test System Operational Test This is a basic operator’s check, designed to establish that the system is functioning normally. It is not a performance test (the performance verification procedure for the 8510XF is described in Chapter 4). This test measures the power levels of four signals within the system, and compares them to the typical levels that should be present during normal operation of the system.
Installation System Operational Test Test Procedure Setup 1. Perform a factory preset, using the key sequence: [RECALL] {MORE} {FACTORY PRESET} (This sets up the system to measure across its entire frequency range, at a −15 dBm RF level.) 2. Turn averaging off, using the key sequence: RESPONSE [MENU] {AVERAGING OFF} 3. Connect shorts to both test ports (for the purposes of this test, any of the shorts in the 85059A 1.0 mm calibration kit will serve). Measurement 1.
Installation System Operational Test Conclusion Table 2-14 If all of the measured levels are at or above the minimum levels shown in Figure 2-14, this indicates that the 8510XF is functioning normally, and is ready to be used. Minimum Levels (All User Parameters) Frequency Range (GHz) Minimum Level (dBm) <2 −63 2 to <18 −38 18 to <50 −58 50 to <75 −61 >75 −63 NOTE: frequencies below 2 GHz are rolled off sharply, owing to the characteristics of the directional couplers in the test heads.
Installation Operating Notes Operating Notes Once the system is configured according to the instructions in the previous section, it is ready for normal operation. The following should be noted: Frequency Resolution At test frequencies above 50 GHz, the frequency resolution of the 8510XF is limited by harmonic multiplication of the RF source. Therefore, some frequency settings will be slightly modified by the network analyzer (59.999999996 GHz instead of a requested 60 GHz, for example).
3 Operation In This Chapter... • • • • • • • • • • • • NOTE 8510XF Operating System, page 3-2 Menu Changes (Overview), page 3-4 Measurement Calibration, page 3-6 Choosing Calibration Standards, page 3-11 Calibration Types, page 3-13 Standard Types, page 3-20 Port Power, page 3-28 RF Power, page 3-30 LO Power, page 3-36 Service, page 3-38 Alternative 1.0 mm Calibrations, page 3-43 Operation Using a Wafer Probe Station, page 3-46 The functional core of the 8510XF system is the 8510C network analyzer.
Operation 8510XF Operating System 8510XF Operating System In the 8510XF, the network analyzer runs a specially modified version of the 8510C operating system firmware. Some of the user menus are changed as a result, but the majority of them remain identical to the standard 8510C menus, as they are described in the 8510C Keyword Dictionary. The present chapter includes information on the specific areas in which the standard menus are changed.
Operation 8510XF Operating System Menu Conventions Used in this Chapter Softkeys The names of softkeys are represented in italics, to distinguish them from keys that are marked with a permanent title. For example, the sequence [CAL] {MORE} {SET Z0} means “press the [CAL] key, followed by the {MORE} softkey and the {SET Z0} softkey.” Menu Illustrations In this chapter, several menus are illustrated with excerpts from the menu maps which are shown (in their entirety) in Chapter 7.
Operation 8510XF Operating System Menu Changes (Overview) CAL Menu The [CAL], [DOMAIN], [PARAMETER], STIMULUS [MENU], and [SYSTEM] menus have all been modified for the 8510XF, as noted briefly below. The [CAL] menu is changed in the following areas: • • {TRIM SWEEP} is deleted. The contents of the [CAL] menu (and most of its submenus) reflect the name of the calibration kit that is in use, as well as the names of the calibration standards in that kit.
Operation 8510XF Operating System SYSTEM Menu The [SYSTEM] menu is changed in the following areas: • • {PULSE CONFIG} is • • {SYSTEM PHASELOCK} is deleted. is deleted (but see {SERVICE FUNCTIONS} {IF GAIN} below, which replaces part of the functionality of {EDIT MULT. SRC.}). {EDIT MULT. SRC.} {POWER LEVELING} deleted. is deleted (but see {RF POWER CONFIG} and {LO POWER CONFIG} below). • • • • {RF POWER CONFIG} is added (see “RF Power” on page 3-30).
Operation Measurement Calibration Measurement Calibration Why Calibration Is Essential During measurement calibration, a standard device with known characteristics is measured, and the results of the measurement are used to create a set of error coefficients. During subsequent measurements, the network analyzer uses the error coefficients to correct for its own measurement errors.
Operation Measurement Calibration NOTE The shorts used in the 85059A 1.0 mm calibration kit are offset shorts. When measured, the offset shorts will exhibit the characteristics of a flush short that is placed at the end of an airline (there will be a change in phase and an increasing amount of loss with increasing frequency).
Operation Measurement Calibration The 1.0 mm calibration kit also supports two quick calibration techniques, which can be used in certain situations where measurement accuracy is not critical; for details, see “Alternative 1.0 mm Calibrations” on page 3-43. Other coaxial calibration kits It is possible to use other coaxial calibration kits with the 8510XF, provided that appropriate adapters are connected to the 1.0 mm test ports.
Operation Calibration Procedure Calibration Procedure NOTE The following procedure assumes that the 1.0 mm calibration kit (85059A) will be used to calibrate the 8510XF. Load Calibration Constants Before you can calibrate the system, you must load the appropriate calibration constants into the system. 1. Insert the calibration data disk (included with the 1.0 mm calibration kit) into the 8510C disk drive. 2. Press [DISC] {LOAD}. The analyzer displays SELECT DATA TYPE TO LOAD. 3.
Operation Calibration Procedure 7. Select a calibration type from the menu. The available types are: ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ Response Response & Isol’n S11 1-Port S22 1-Port One-Path 2-Port Full 2-Port TRL 2-Port [actually TRM 2-port, in the case of the 8510XF] 8. The appropriate calibration submenu will appear, listing the calibration standards that are needed for the selected calibration type.
Operation Choosing Calibration Standards Choosing Calibration Standards Connector Sex The connector sex of a 1.0 mm calibration standard can have a significant effect on its electrical characteristics. Many of the standards in the 1.0 mm calibration kit have separate standard definitions for male and female versions. It is very important to use the correct definition for the sex of the standard you are measuring.
Operation Choosing Calibration Standards Banded Standards Table 3-1 Some of the calibration standards in the 1.0 mm calibration kit are limited to a particular frequency band. Calibration standards that are limited in this way are shown in Table 3-1 below. During the calibration process, be sure to use all the standards that are needed to cover the frequency range in which you will be making measurements. Refer to the 85059A calibration kit manual for more information.
Operation Calibration Types Calibration Types Selecting [CAL] {CAL 1} or [CAL] {CAL 2} will call up the Calibration Type menu: Figure 3-2 CAL TYPE Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands All of these softkeys, except for the first, represent different types of calibration. Each type of calibration requires its own particular set of calibration standards, as described in the following pages.
Operation Calibration Types Response This is a very limited calibration, which corrects only for frequency response, not for directivity or source match errors. The performance of the 8510XF is not specified, if this calibration is used. To perform this calibration using the 1.
Operation Calibration Types Response & Isolation This is a very limited calibration, which corrects only for frequency response and isolation, not for directivity or source match errors. The performance of the 8510XF is not specified, if this calibration is used. To perform this calibration using the 1.
Operation Calibration Types S11 1-Port This calibration is for reflection measurements using the left test port (within those operational limits, however, it is a thorough and accurate calibration). To perform this calibration using the 1.
Operation Calibration Types One Path 2-Port This calibration is for reflection and transmission measurements, in one direction only (with Port 1 defined as the source). To perform this calibration using the 1.
Operation Calibration Types Full 2-Port This is a very thorough calibration, which takes measurements of reflection, transmission, and isolation for both ports. This type of calibration (when performed using the 1.0 mm calibration kit) combines the SOLT calibration technique (for frequencies up to 50 GHz) with the Offset Shorts calibration technique (for frequencies above 50 GHz). This combination yields the best possible calibration results, for measurement over the full frequency range of the 8510XF.
Operation Calibration Types TRL (TRM) 2-Port The 1.0 mm calibration kit does not include a precision transmission line; therefore a TRM (Thru-Reflect-Match) calibration must be used in place of the TRL (Thru-Reflect-Line) calibration indicated by the menu title. NOTE The 1.0 mm calibration kit only supports TRM 2-port calibration for measurement up to 50 GHz.
Operation Standard Types Standard Types Standards Already Described Other Standards Some of the standards have already been described, in connection with the calibration types with which they are associated. • Response standards (required for Response calibrations) are described on page 3-14. • Response & Isolation standards (required for Response & Isolation calibrations) are described on page 3-15. • TRM standards (required for Thru-Reflect-Match calibrations) are described on page 3-19.
Operation Standard Types Open/Short Standards These standards are used to measure reflection for: • • • • S11 1-Port calibrations S22 1-Port calibrations One-Path 2-Port calibrations Full 2-Port calibrations When you perform any of these calibrations using a 1.
Operation Standard Types Shorts Standards These standards are used to measure reflection for: • • • • S11 1-Port calibrations S22 1-Port calibrations One-Path 2-Port calibrations Full 2-Port calibrations When you perform any of these calibrations using a 1.0 mm calibration kit, you will see the following menu: Figure 3-10 Notes on the Standards Shorts Standard Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands {(F) SHORT3} Refers to Short No.
Operation Standard Types Load/Short Standards These standards are used to measure reflection for: • • • • S11 1-Port calibrations S22 1-Port calibrations One-Path 2-Port calibrations Full 2-Port calibrations When you perform any of these calibrations using a 1.
Operation Standard Types One-Path Transmission Standards These standards are used to measure transmission and match for one-path 2-port calibrations. When you perform a calibration of that type using a 1.0 mm calibration kit, you will see the following menu: Figure 3-12 Notes on the Standards One-Path Transmission Calibration Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands {FWD.TRANS. THRU} {FWD.MATCH THRU} NOTE Make a “thru” connection (that is, connect one port to the other through a cable).
Operation Standard Types One-Path Isolation Standard Figure 3-13 Note on the Standard NOTE This standard is used to measure forward isolation for one-path 2-port calibrations. When you perform a calibration of that type using a 1.0 mm calibration kit, you will see the following menu: One-Path Isolation Calibration Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands {FWD ISOL’N LOAD} Refer to “Isolation” under “Banded Standards” in Table 3-1 on page 3-12.
Operation Standard Types Full 2-Port Transmission Standards These standards are used to measure transmission and match for full 2-port calibrations. When you perform a calibration of that type using a 1.0 mm calibration kit, you will see the following menu: Figure 3-14 Notes on the Standards Full 2-Port Transmission Calibration Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands {FWD. TRANS. THRU} {FWD.MATCH THRU} {REV.TRANS. THRU} {REV.
Operation Standard Types Full 2-Port Isolation Standards Figure 3-15 Notes on the Standards These standards are used to measure forward and reverse isolation for full 2-port calibrations. When you perform a calibration of that type using a 1.0 mm calibration kit, you will see the following menu: Full 2-Port Isolation Calibration Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands {FWD ISOL’N LOAD} {REV ISOL’N LOAD} NOTE Refer to “Isolation” under “Banded Standards” in Table 3-1 on page 3-12.
Operation Port Power Port Power Port-specific power settings are made using this menu: STIMULUS [MENU] {POWER MENU} Figure 3-16 NOTE Port 1 Power Functions Power Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands The port power functions are valid only if {RF LEVEL / SYSTEM} is selected on the [SYSTEM] {MORE} {RF POWER CONFIG} menu (see “RF Power Configuration” on page 3-30). The first three softkeys control the power level from Port 1 (and also from Port 2, if the ports are coupled).
Operation Port Power Port Coupling Port 2 Power Functions Softkey #4 is a toggle key, alternately representing {COUPLE PORTS} or {UNCOUPLE PORTS}. Pressing this softkey selects the displayed function, but changes the display to show the opposite function. If you press {COUPLE PORTS}, the Port 1 power level setting and power slope setting are applied to Port 2. If you press {UNCOUPLE PORTS}, the two ports have independent power level settings and power slope settings.
Operation RF Power RF Power RF power functions that are not port-specific are accessed using the RF Power Configuration and RF Power Settings menus, described below. RF Power Configuration [SYSTEM] {MORE} {RF POWER CONFIG} Figure 3-17 RF Leveling Functions calls up the following menu: RF Power Configuration Menu, Submenus, and Equivalent GPIB Commands The first four softkeys specify different methods of controlling RF power.
Operation RF Power If {RF LEVEL / INTERNAL} is selected, the RF source (83651B) performs its own leveling, using an internal detector. • • To use the {RF LEVEL / INTERNAL} mode, you must break the connection between the ALC output of the millimeter-wave controller and the ALC input of the RF source. To return to normal operation, you must restore that connection. If {RF LEVEL / EXTERNAL} is selected, the RF source performs its own leveling, using an external detector.
Operation RF Power Choices If {DETECT UNL / ALWAYS} is selected, the 8510C polls for errors during every sweep. If {DETECT UNL / SMART} is selected, the 8510C polls for errors during the first sweep following a frequency change, and thereafter only if an error was detected during the first sweep. This is the default mode. If {DETECT UNL / ONCE} is selected, the 8510C polls for errors only during the first sweep following a frequency change.
Operation RF Power RF Power Settings [SYSTEM] {MORE} {RF POWER CONFIG} {RF POWER SETTINGS} calls up the following submenu: Figure 3-18 NOTE RF Power Settings Submenu & Equivalent GPIB Commands The functions represented on this menu will not work if {RF LEVEL / SYSTEM} is selected on the [SYSTEM] {MORE} {RF POWER CONFIG} menu (see “RF Power Configuration” on page 3-30).
Operation RF Power Reset Detector Gain Calibration Figure 3-19 [SYSTEM] {MORE} {RF POWER CONFIG} {MORE} {RESET DET GAIN CAL} calls up the following submenu: Reset Detector Gain Calibration Submenu & Equivalent GPIB Commands The functions on this menu are used to calibrate the programmable gain portion of the level control circuit (see “Level Control” on page 5-14).
Operation RF Power “RUN CAL” Functions If {RUN CAL + USER PRST} is selected, the detector gain calibration routine is run, and is followed by a user preset. If {RUN CAL + FACT PRST} is selected, the detector gain calibration routine is run, and is followed by a factory preset.
Operation LO Power LO Power LO power functions are accessed using the LO Power Configuration and LO Power Settings menus, described below. LO Power Configuration [SYSTEM] {MORE} {LO POWER CONFIG} calls Figure 3-20 LO Leveling Functions up the following menu: LO Power Configuration Menu, LO Power Settings Submenu, and Equivalent GPIB Commands The first four softkeys specify different methods of leveling for the 83621B LO source.
Operation LO Power If {LO LEVEL / EXTERNAL} is selected, the LO source performs its own leveling, using an external detector. If {LO LEVEL / LEVELING OFF} is selected, the LO source is set to the unleveled mode. LO Power Settings LO Power On/Off The {LO POWER SETTINGS} softkey calls up a submenu (see “LO Power Settings” below). The softkeys {LO POWER /ON} and {LO POWER /OFF} activate and deactivate LO source power.
Operation Service Service Service functions are accessed using the 85102 Service and XF Test Set Service menus, described below. 85102 Service [SYSTEM] {MORE} {SERVICE FUNCTIONS} {85102 SERVICE} calls up the menu shown on the right of the figure below: Figure 3-21 Service Functions Menu, 85102 Service Submenu, and Equivalent GPIB Commands This menu includes those service functions which apply specifically to the network analyzer, rather than to the test set.
Operation Service Peek/Poke Functions The last three softkeys make it possible to read from, or write to, a location within the memory of the network analyzer. • {PEEK/POKE LOCATION} specifies the memory location to be read from, or written to. • • {PEEK} reads data from the memory location already specified. {POKE} writes data to the memory location already specified.
Operation Service XF Test Set Service [SYSTEM] {MORE} {SERVICE FUNCTIONS} {XF TESTSET SERVICE} calls up the following menu: Figure 3-22 XF Test Set Service Menu, Leveling Settings Submenu, and Equivalent GPIB Commands This menu includes those service functions which apply specifically to the test set (that is, the millimeter-wave controller and the test heads), rather than to the network analyzer. These functions are intended to be used only by Agilent service engineers.
Operation Service Peek/Poke Functions The last three softkeys make it possible to read from, or write to, a location within the memory of the millimeter-wave controller. • {PEEK/POKE LOCATION} specifies the memory location to be read from, or written to. • • Leveling Settings {PEEK TEST SET} reads data from the memory location already specified. {POKE TEST SET} writes data to the memory location already specified.
Operation IF Frequency IF Frequency The IF used by the network analyzer is nominally 20 MHz. However, it is desirable to add a slight offset to that frequency; the offset provides immunity against spurious 20 MHz signals, which can have a detectable impact on measurement when averaging is used. In the 8510XF, the factory preset default value of the IF is 20.000017 MHz (in other words, an offset of 17 Hz has been added).
Operation Alternative 1.0 mm Calibrations Alternative 1.0 mm Calibrations NOTE The two calibration techniques described here are simplified broadband calibrations, which save time at the expense of accuracy. These calibrations are meant to be used only in situations where measurement accuracy is not critical. Broadband Standards The broadband calibrations use a separate set of calibration standard definitions, which are included on the calibration data disk that is supplied with the 1.
Operation Alternative 1.0 mm Calibrations Broadband SOLT Calibration This is a method of calibrating across the entire frequency range of the 8510XF, using the Short-Open-Load-Thru technique, without differentiating the range into separate frequency bands. NOTE When this technique is used, the performance of the 8510XF is not specified. Use broadband SOLT calibration only in situations where saving time is more important than insuring accuracy.
Operation Alternative 1.0 mm Calibrations Broadband TRM This is a method of calibrating across the entire frequency range of the 8510XF, using the Thru-Reflect-Match technique. NOTE When this technique is used, the performance of the 8510XF is not specified. Use broadband TRM calibration only in situations where saving time is more important than insuring accuracy.
Operation Operation Using a Wafer Probe Station Operation Using a Wafer Probe Station System Configuration For on-wafer measurements, it is usually best to remove the network analyzer from the instrument rack, and place it on a table adjacent to the probe station. This allows for easy viewing of the analyzer display, and easy access to the analyzer’s front panel controls. The test heads are placed on X-Y positioners on the probe station.
Operation Operation Using a Wafer Probe Station Available Equipment Agilent Technologies does not manufacture or supply a probe station for the 8510XF. The recommended supplier of probe stations is: Cascade Microtech, Inc. 2430 NW 206th Ave., Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA Telephone: (503) 601-1000 Fax: (503) 601-1002 Japan: (03) 5478-6105 Europe: +44 (0) 1295-812828 E-mail: sales@cmicro.com Web site: www.cascademicrotech.
Operation Operation Using a Wafer Probe Station • On-Wafer Calibration In automatic and semi-automatic probe stations, the adjustments in the X, Y, and Z axes are used to get the test probe into the proper positions relative to one another; a positioner under the wafer itself then moves the wafer so that the probe tips are brought into contact with each on-wafer device.
4 Performance Verification In This Chapter...
Performance Verification Verification Overview NOTE The verification procedures in this chapter work for all 8510 and 8510XF hardware configurations by substituting the proper 8510 source, test set, accessories, and millimeter wave controller. Performance verification software Rev. A.05.01 or greater is available in DOS or LIF format, and will work with laptops or PCs that have the required accessories installed. Refer to“Materials Required” on page 4-3.
Performance Verification Materials Required Calibration and Frequency Ranges The following materials are required to run the tests: • • • 8510XF system with accessories • Laptop or PC running BASIC for Windows (3.1/95/NT) (Rev. 6.3 or greater) • • • GPIB Card for PCs (National Instruments or HP) 85059A 1.0 mm Precision Calibration and Verification Kit PC-based, 8510 Specification and Performance Verification Software (Rev. A.05.
Performance Verification Frequency ranges For most of the menu items in the software, there are two or more selections that pertain to the 8510XF. These menu selections are differentiated by: A. The frequency range of the millimeter wave subsystem ❍ ❍ ❍ E7352A: 110 GHz subsystem E7342A: 85 GHz subsystem Option 005: 45MHz to 2 GHz B. The portion of the subsystem’s frequency range that is being verified (the ranges above and below 50 GHz are verified separately).
Performance Verification Verification Setup Verification Setup General Preparation Prepare for performance verification by completing the following steps: 1. Measure the environment temperature and humidity. The temperature must be between +20 °C and +26 °C. Additionally, the temperature cannot vary by more than 1°C after calibration. 2. Perform a good installation “preflight” checkout on the 8510XF system. 3. Power on the system components in the following order: a. Sources b.
Performance Verification Verification Setup NOTE Rev. A.05.00 or greater of the performance verification software is backwards compatible. So, it is okay to replace the older version you have on the PC. 3. Run the program by clicking on the “Spec8510” icon or selecting: Start, Programs, 8510, Spec8510. The following warning messages will be displayed: A valid Basic for Windows GPIB driver for your board (if any) has not been loaded.
Performance Verification Verification Setup 3. A screen prompt will give you the opportunity to set the date and time. Press the [Y] key on the PC to skip this step, or press [N] to set the date and time. 4. The program loads the System Configuration file, and displays the System Hardware Configuration Menu. Use this menu to specify the equipment you are using, and the frequency range you are verifying (refer to “Frequency ranges” on page 4-4).
Performance Verification Verification Setup Printer Selection 1. From the Main Menu (choosing printer options): a. Select System Config. b. Select Software Config. c. Select Printer Connected to: 2. Select printer output choice (refer to Table 4-5) . Table 4-5 Printer Table of Selections Printer Connected To: GPIB WIN Printer1 LPT1 LPT2 File2 1. Windows default printer 2. Under Printer Redirection (File): Verify directory path exists before entering name of path. 3.
Performance Verification Verification Procedures Verification Procedures Low Band Verification (< 50 GHz) The following steps assume the hardware configuration has been previously setup for Low Band Verification (< 50 GHz) in step 4 on page 4-7 under Software Configuration. 1. From the Main Menu select Verify System to go to the System Performance Verification Menu. 2. Select Serial Numbers to enter serial numbers of system and components. 3.
Performance Verification Verification Procedures c. To make the thru connection, gently slide the right test (port 2) towards the left test head (port 1) a little bit at a time, while turning the threaded ring on the left head test port connector by hand onto the cable attached to the right test head. Do not use the threaded ring on the test port connector to pull the cable into the connector. Repeat this process until the cable is firmly seated into port 1, then make the threaded ring barely finger tight.
Performance Verification Verification Procedures 11. Select Select Standard to return to the Standard Selection Menu. Repeat steps 5 through 10 above for the other verification standard (refer to Table 4-6). 12. Select Prior Menu until the Main Menu appears.
Performance Verification Verification Procedures High Band Verification (> 50 GHz) NOTE Before verification of the high band frequencies it is necessary to: 1) select new hardware for the system and 2) perform a calibration (for the frequency band > 50 GHz). 1. From the Main Menu select System Config then Hardware Config. 2. Select the proper hardware setup for High Band Verification (> 50 GHz) using Table 4-2 on page 4-4 for the E7352A 110 GHz System or Table 4-3 on page 4-4 for the E7342A 85 GHz System.
Performance Verification Verification Procedures 12. When verification has been completed view the data, then print or save (if required). If needed the verification standard can be remeasured by selecting: Repeat Measure. 13. Select Select Standard to return to the Standard Selection Menu. Repeat steps 7 through 12 above for the other verification standard (refer to Table 4-6 on page 4-10). 14. Select Prior Menu until the Main Menu appears. 15.
Performance Verification CW Frequency Accuracy Test CW Frequency Accuracy Test NOTE The CW frequency accuracy test should be performed prior to doing the conversion loss calibration adjustment or detector gain calibration. Source frequency accuracy is tested across the entire sweep range for 8360 sources. The CW frequency accuracy is measured with a frequency counter. Materials Required The following materials are required to run the tests: • • 5343 Option 001, 10 MHz to 26.
Performance Verification CW Frequency Accuracy Test 3. To set the frequency using the analyzer front panel, press STIMULUS [CENTER] [MENU] {SINGLE POINT}. Enter the start frequency of the source. 4. Measure RF and LO frequencies with the counter, and record these values on the test record at the end of this section. 5. From the analyzer front panel, enter the frequency per the tables at the end of this section. NOTE Be sure to connect RF and LO output to the 500 MHz - 26.
Performance Verification CW Frequency Accuracy Test Performance Test Record Table 4-7 Record the measured frequencies for RF source readings on Table 4-7, and for LO source on Table 4-8. Performance Test Record for CW Frequency Accuracy Test (RF Source) Instrument Model: _________________ Report Number: __________________________ Date: _______ Frequency Minimum Specification Recorded Results Maximum Specification Uncertainty1 45 MHz 44.999955 MHz 45.000045 MHz 10 Hz 2 MHz 1.999998 GHz 2.
s1 Two-Band Calibration Procedure for 8510XF Performance Verification Clarifying Connector Sex: The calibration standard labels that appear in the 8510XF softkey calibration menus specify connector sex as "(M)" or "(F)". The sex designator refers to the sex of the test port connector to which the calibration standard is connected (not the sex of the calibration standard connector).
Performance Verification CW Frequency Accuracy Test 4-18 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems
5 System Maintenance In This Chapter... • • • • • • • Electrostatic Discharge, page 5-2 1.
System Maintenance Electrostatic Discharge Electrostatic Discharge Static electricity builds up on the body and on tools (including calibration components and devices under test). When static electricity is accidentally discharged, sensitive circuit elements can be damaged. Circuit elements within a device can be damaged in this way from outside the device (for example, through accidental contact with the center conductor of a connector).
System Maintenance 1.0 mm Connector Care 1.0 mm Connector Care In order to accommodate an extremely wide frequency range in a single-connect system, the 8510XF uses 1.0 mm connectors on its test heads. These connectors, because of their small dimensions and high replacement cost, require careful use and maintenance. Figure 5-1 1.
System Maintenance 1.0 mm Connector Care Care of 1.0 mm connectors is discussed throughout the manual of the 85059A 1.0 mm calibration kit (Agilent part number: 85059-90003). The basics of connector care are outlined below. Free movement during connection When you connect two devices, at least one of them should be able to move freely. If both devices must be rigidly clamped or fixtured, pay careful attention to connector alignment in the fixture setup.
System Maintenance 1.0 mm Connector Care If a connector appears defective, clean and inspect it again. Damaged connectors should be discarded or sent for repair. Try to determine the cause of damage before connecting a new, undamaged connector in the same configuration. Cleaning connectors 1. Inspect the connectors for dirt or debris. 2. Blow off any accumulated dust, using clean (filtered) compressed air. 3. Dip the cleaning swab in isopropyl alcohol.
System Maintenance Detector Gain Calibration Detector Gain Calibration Purpose of the Calibration This is the first of two calibrations which, in combination, insure the accuracy of absolute power levels at the test ports (the other is conversion loss calibration, which is described on page 5-8). The level control system includes a programmable gain circuit, which uses step attenuators to adjust the level of the detector feedback signal, in .5 dB steps.
System Maintenance Detector Gain Calibration Procedure The calibration process consists of running a firmware routine that is internal to the 8510XF; no external test equipment is required. 1. Be aware that the detector gain calibration process causes some 8510C settings to change, and that the settings are not restored to their original conditions afterward. If you want to return to the present settings, save them before running the calibration. 2. Disconnect any devices from the test ports.
System Maintenance Conversion Loss Calibration Conversion Loss Calibration Purpose of the Calibration This is the second of the two calibrations that insure the accuracy of absolute power levels at the test ports. The RF-to-IF conversion loss of a mixer varies with frequency. To compensate for these frequency-related variations, correction factors must be applied to the level control system. Conversion loss calibration is the process by which these correction factors are gathered.
System Maintenance Theory of Operation Theory of Operation Signal Separation The illustration below shows how directional couplers are used to separate incident RF signals (“a1” and “a2”) from reflected or transmitted RF signals (“b1” & “b2”). The separated RF signals are mixed with a common LO signal, in order to generate the four IF inputs to the network analyzer. This process is typical of 8510C mixer-based test sets generally; it is not unique to the 8510XF.
System Maintenance Theory of Operation Frequency Control The preceding diagram is a simplification, in that it shows a total of four mixers. For any given test frequency, four mixers are sufficient to generate the four IF inputs required by the network analyzer. However, four mixers are not sufficient to cover the entire frequency range of the 8510XF.
System Maintenance Theory of Operation Figure 5-3 Multiplication Mixer Locations Harmonic multiplication is used to generate RF frequencies above 50 GHz (the upper range of the 83651B RF source). The signals from the LO source are also multiplied, in the sense that the mixers in certain ranges use a harmonic of the LO input, and not the fundamental. The four basic frequency bands (.
System Maintenance Theory of Operation Table 5-2 and Table 5-3 below show how the ranges are subdivided for 110 GHz systems versus 85 GHz systems. Under “Harmonic of RF”, a “2” is listed where the RF source frequency is doubled; a “3” is listed where it is tripled. Various harmonics of the LO source frequency are used in different portions of the system’s frequency range. Table 5-2 8510XF Frequency Bands (Systems to 110 GHz) Test Frequency (GHz) Harmonic of RF Harmonic of LO Mixers Used .
System Maintenance Theory of Operation The frequency bands are described individually below. 0.045 to 2 GHz Band In the .045 to 2 GHz range, the signal from the RF source is not multiplied; it is applied directly to the mixers. The mixers for this range are located in the millimeter-wave controller. The mixers use the fundamental of the LO input frequency, rather than a harmonic of it.
System Maintenance Theory of Operation Level Control In some applications of network analysis (particularly in testing of passive devices), absolute power levels are less important than relative power levels. However, in other applications, absolute power levels are very significant, and must be controlled. For example, when active devices are tested, level control is needed as a safeguard against applying excessive input power.
System Maintenance Theory of Operation Advantages of IF leveling Because the IF output of the mixer is fixed at 20 MHz, IF leveling has important advantages over RF leveling: • • • The Leveling Loop Feedback Path NOTE There is no need for expensive broadband detectors. The IF can be narrowly filtered, to keep noise to a minimum (typical RF leveling schemes, which use broadband coupler/detectors, are inherently noisy).
System Maintenance Theory of Operation Multiplying DAC The dc voltage from the detector is applied to an 8-bit multiplying DAC; the multiplier is a digital input from the 8510C, and is used to apply correction factors to the detector voltage. Correction factors are needed because of (1) imprecision in the step attenuators, and (2) variations in RF power across the frequency range of the 8510XF. These issues are discussed under “Level Calibration” on page 5-18.
System Maintenance Theory of Operation Blanking circuit During transitions from one frequency to another, the RF source power is briefly interrupted. As a result, the IF disappears. When the IF is lost, the normal tendency of the leveling loop is to try to recapture it, by driving the RF source to maximum power.
System Maintenance Theory of Operation NOTE ONCE If this option is selected, the source is polled for errors only during the first sweep. NEVER If this option is selected, the source is not polled for errors during any sweep. If any of the basic conditions of the sweep (frequency range, number of points, or power level) are changed, the entire sweep process (including polling) begins over again. Loop Amplifier This portion of the level control circuit is located within the 83651B RF source.
System Maintenance Theory of Operation The correction factors are collected by means of a special calibration procedure (detector gain calibration), in which the programmable gain circuit is stepped through its range, at a fixed frequency. The process is then repeated at a second frequency. (The two calibration frequencies are specified in the firmware; they are chosen in order to achieve the greatest possible leveling range.) Refer to page 5-6 for more information.
System Maintenance Theory of Operation • The detector signal is applied to the ALC circuit, which compares the detector voltage with a reference voltage, and feeds back a control signal to the amplifier. The gain of the amplifier is adjusted so that the detector voltage matches the reference voltage. In this way, the LO input to the >50 GHz mixers is maintained at a constant level.
System Maintenance System Block Diagrams System Block Diagrams 110 GHz Systems The illustrations on the following three pages show block diagrams for the test heads and the millimeter-wave controller, in a 110 GHz system. The test head is subdivided internally into a millimeter-wave assembly (the bottom half), and a microwave assembly (the top half). These subassemblies are depicted in separate diagrams.
System Maintenance System Block Diagrams This page intentionally left blank.
Left Test Head Microwave Subassembly (See Page 2 for Block Diagram) Millimeter Wave Subassembly U12 AR5 S1 X3 U14 1 U11 FL3 A2 Bias Tee Microwave Subassembly (See Page 2 for Block Diagram) Millimeter Wave Subassembly AR5 S1 mm Wave Out X3 C mm Wave Out AR4 2 AR6 LO Out LO Out LO In LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO AT6 AT6 L RF R IF I >75 DC2 a1 IF In (for W Band) a2 IF In (for W Band) L IF I RF R >75 U18 U16 DC2 U18 LO U16 LO AT8 AT8 L RF Combiner R IF I 50-75 a1
System Maintenance System Block Diagrams 5-24 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems
Left Test Head Millimeter Wave Subassembly (See Page 1 for Block Diagram) Right Test Head Millimeter Wave Controller (See Page 3 for Block Diagram) Microwave Subassembly Microwave Subassembly AR1 AR1 Port 1 mm Wave Out mm Wave In Port 1 RF Out RF In U2 PAD LO LO In Port 2 RF Out U1 RF In PAD Port 2 LO Out LO AR3 DC1 U2 AT9 U1 Port 1 LO Out PAD mm Wave In AR2 LO LO Out Port 2 mm Wave Out AR2 AT9 Millimeter Wave Subassembly (See Page 1 for Block Diagram) AR3 DC1 LO Out PAD A
System Maintenance System Block Diagrams 5-26 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems
Left Test Head (See Page 2 for Block Diagram) Millimeter Wave Controller Right Test Head (See Page 2 for Block Diagram) Option 006 S1 Port 2 mm Wave Out AR1 DC1 mm Wave In RF In Port 2 RF Out C RF In (from HP 83651B Source) AR11 Option 006 Coupled RF Out 2.
System Maintenance System Block Diagrams 5-28 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems
System Maintenance System Block Diagrams 85 GHz Systems The illustrations on the following three pages show block diagrams for the test heads and the millimeter-wave controller, in an 85 GHz system. The test head is subdivided internally into a millimeter-wave assembly (the bottom half), and a microwave assembly (the top half). These subassemblies are depicted in separate diagrams.
System Maintenance System Block Diagrams This page intentionally left blank.
Left Test Head Microwave Subassembly (See Page 2 for Block Diagram) Millimeter Wave Subassembly U14 U11 FL3 AR4 Millimeter Wave Controller (See Page 3 for Block Diagram) Right Test Head Microwave Subassembly (See Page 2 for Block Diagram) Millimeter Wave Subassembly mm Wave Input AR4 mm Wave Input X2 mm Wave Out U11 U14 FL3 X2 mm Wave Out Combiner Combiner A2 Bias Tee AR6 AR6 RF In RF In RF Out RF Out Bias Tee In Bias Tee In U13 LO In LO Out LO Out LO In PAD 3 dB 3 dB LO U13
System Maintenance System Block Diagrams 5-32 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems
Left Test Head Millimeter Wave Subassembly (See Page 1 for Block Diagram) Right Test Head Millimeter Wave Controller (See Page 3 for Block Diagram) Microwave Subassembly Microwave Subassembly AR1 AR1 Port 1 mm Wave Out mm Wave In Port 1 RF Out RF In U2 PAD LO LO In Port 2 RF Out U1 RF In PAD Port 2 LO Out LO AR3 DC1 U2 AT9 U1 Port 1 LO Out PAD mm Wave In AR2 LO LO Out Port 2 mm Wave Out AR2 AT9 Millimeter Wave Subassembly (See Page 1 for Block Diagram) AR3 DC1 LO Out PAD A
System Maintenance System Block Diagrams 5-34 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems
Left Test Head (See Page 2 for Block Diagram) Millimeter Wave Controller Right Test Head (See Page 2 for Block Diagram) Option 006 S1 Port 2 mm Wave Out AR1 DC1 mm Wave In RF In Port 2 RF Out C RF In (from HP 83651B Source) AR11 Option 006 Coupled RF Out 2.
System Maintenance System Block Diagrams 5-36 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems
System Maintenance Troubleshooting Troubleshooting If the system appears to be malfunctioning, the process described below can be used look for possible causes and solutions, or to isolate the fault to a particular part of the system. Cycle Power This is the quickest and simplest way to eliminate a temporary computer problem that might have been triggered by a line power fluctuation or other elusive cause: • • • Hardware Configuration Check Turn off power to all system instruments.
System Maintenance Troubleshooting GPIB address switches All of the rack instruments must be set to the correct GPIB addresses; see page 2-37 for a list of addresses. Language switches Check the Language Switches for the 83621B and 83651B. Both should be set to “111”. Cabling Check the interconnections between the system instruments (see “Cable List” on page 2-32).
System Maintenance Troubleshooting Diagnostics The 8510XF is not designed to be repaired by the user in the event of a malfunction. WARNING Each instrument in the 8510XF system contains lethal voltages when the instrument has ac power applied. Refer to the safety information included in the "Safety/Licensing" section of the 851OC Network Analyzer On-Site Service Manual, which is included with each 8510XF system. Servicing must be performed by qualified personnel only.
System Maintenance Troubleshooting 5-40 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems
6 Replaceable Parts In This Chapter...
Replaceable Parts Figure 6-1 Major Components of the 8510XF Parts Listed This chapter lists the field-replaceable components (such as instruments, cables, and circuit boards) of the 8510XF. It is not a complete listing of component parts; hardware, for example, is not included. The parts are listed by their Agilent part numbers and/or model numbers. How to Order To order replacement parts or spares, contact your local Agilent office. The offices are listed under “Contacting Agilent” on page v.
Replaceable Parts Categorization of Components Table 6-1 The components of a complete 8510XF single sweep system can be divided into two categories: those that are already used in a variety of 8510C-based systems, and those that have been created specifically for the 8510XF.
Replaceable Parts 110 GHz Systems 110 GHz Systems Complete System The Agilent part number of the complete 110 GHz system is E7350A. Table 6-2 Parts List for E7350A Reference Designator Part Number Description Quantity 11900B ADAPTER 2.4MM F/F 1 E7732A RACK FILLER PANEL-3.5 INCH 1 E7733A RACK FILLER PANEL-5.25 INCH 1 E7734A RACK FILLER PANEL-7.0 INCH 1 35181M DRAWER ASSEMBLY 1 5061-5311 CONNECTOR-3.
Replaceable Parts 110 GHz Systems Part Number Description Quantity 85106-60038 TABLE TOP ASSEMBLY 1 METER 1 8510C NETWORK ANALYZER 1 08510-60107 CABLE-INTERCONNECT 1 08510-60126 CABLE 24C 2.4 MM M/F 2 C2786-60005 FAN ASSEMBLY 220V (OPTION 230 ONLY) 1 C2786-60024 FAN ASSEMBLY 110 V 1 E4455A POWER DISTRIBUTION UNIT 120 V US FOR 1.6 METER CABINET 1 C2786-63007 POWER DISTRIBUTION UNIT 240 V EUROPEAN FOR 1.6 METER CABINET (OPTION 230 ONLY) 1 E3661A RACK-1.
Replaceable Parts 110 GHz Systems Millimeter-Wave Subsystem The Agilent part number of the 110 GHz millimeter-wave subsystem is E7352A. Table 6-3 Parts list for E7352A Reference Designator Part Number Description Quantity 08510-60107 CABLE-INTERCONNECT 1 08510-60126 CABLE-24C 2.4 MM M/F 2 11900B ADAPTER-2.4 MM F/F 1 5061-5311 3.
Replaceable Parts 85 GHz Systems 85 GHz Systems Complete System The Agilent part number of the complete 85 GHz system is E7340A. Table 6-4 Parts List for E7340A Part Number Description Quantity 08510-60107 CABLE-INTERCONNECT 1 08510-60126 CABLE 24C 2.4MM M/F 2 11900B ADAPTER-2.4MM F/F 1 E7732A RACK FILLER PANEL-3.5 INCH 1 E7733A RACK FILLER PANEL-5.25 INCH 1 E7734A RACK FILLER PANEL-7.
Replaceable Parts 85 GHz Systems Part Number Description Quantity E4455A POWER DISTRIBUTION UNIT 120 V US 1.6 METER 1 C2786-63007 POWER DISTRIBUTION UNIT 240 V EUROPEAN FOR 1.6 METER CABINET (OPTION 230 ONLY) 1 E3661A RACK-1.
Replaceable Parts 85 GHz Systems Millimeter-Wave Subsystem The Agilent part number of the 85 GHz Millimeter-Wave Subsystem is E7342A. Table 6-5 Parts list for E7342A Reference Designator Part Number Description Quantity 08510-60107 CABLE-INTERCONNECT 1 08510-60126 CABLE 2.4MM F/F 2 11900B ADAPTER-2.4 MM F/F 1 5061-5311 3.
Replaceable Parts Millimeter-Wave Controller Millimeter-Wave Controller The figure below shows the locations of circuit boards and major assemblies within the millimeter-wave controller. The parts list for the controller appears on the following page.
Replaceable Parts Millimeter-Wave Controller Table 6-6 Parts list for the E7341A Millimeter-Wave Controller Part Number Description Quantity Reference Designator 0950-3236 POWER SUPPLY 1 A1 0950-3241 DC TO DC CONVERTER 1 A2 85105-60010 MOTHERBOARD ASSEMBLY 1 A5 E7340-60014 BOARD ASSEMBLY, CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS 1 A6 E7340-60015 BOARD ASSEMBLY, 20 MHz DETECTOR 1 A7 E7340-60016 BOARD ASSEMBLY, REGULATOR 1 A8 E7340-60060 PIN SWITCH DRIVER BOARD 1 A9 E7340-60069 BOARD ASSEMBL
Replaceable Parts Millimeter-Wave Controller 6-12 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems
7 Menus & Commands In This Chapter...
Menus & Commands Menu Maps Menu Maps The following pages include a complete set of menu maps for the 8510C network analyzer, including all special modifications that have been implemented for the 8510XF system. Most of these menus are the same as those shown in the 8510C Network Analyzer Keyword Dictionary. For a review of the differences between the 8510XF menus and standard 8510C menus, see “8510XF Operating System” on page 3-2.
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Cal Modify Cal Kit HP E7350 calmckit.cdr Rev.
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Menus & Commands New GPIB Commands New GPIB Commands The table below lists the 8510C GPIB commands that have been added with the 8510XF firmware. Table 7-2 New GPIB Commands COMMAND EQUIVALENT SOFTKEY FUNCTION HIDECNFG [SYSTEM] {MORE} {SERVICE} {XF TESTSET SERVICE} {HIDE CONFIGURATION} Hides the configuration display. IFFREQ [SYSTEM] {MORE} {IF FREQ} Sets the IF frequency.
Menus & Commands New GPIB Commands COMMAND EQUIVALENT SOFTKEY FUNCTION LGCLOADCORR No softkey equivalent Used by Agilent service engineers to load conversion loss calibration data from the test set EEPROM to the memory of the 8510C. LGCLOADSCALE No softkey equivalent Used by Agilent service engineers to load detector gain calibration data from the test set EEPROM to the memory of the 8510C.
Menus & Commands New GPIB Commands COMMAND EQUIVALENT SOFTKEY FUNCTION PPDETONCE [SYSTEM] {MORE} {RF POWER CONFIG} {MORE} {DET UNL ONCE} Enables detection of “unleveled” errors while sweeping, during the first sweep after any frequency change.
Menus & Commands New GPIB Commands COMMAND EQUIVALENT SOFTKEY FUNCTION SOU2OFF [SYSTEM] {MORE} {LO POWER CONFIG} {LO LEVEL -- LEVELING OFF} Places the 83621B LO source in leveling-off mode. SOU2POWOFF [SYSTEM] {MORE} {LO POWER CONFIG} {LO POWER OFF} Deactivates RF power from the 83621B LO source. SOU2POWON [SYSTEM] {MORE} {LO POWER CONFIG} {LO POWER ON} Activates RF power from the 83621B LO source. SOU2POW? No softkey equivalent Queries the status of LO power (0 for OFF, 1 for ON).
Menus & Commands Unsupported GPIB Commands Unsupported GPIB Commands The table below lists GPIB commands that are supported by the standard 8510C firmware, but are not supported by the 8510XF firmware. Sending these commands to the 8510XF will not cause a problem; the system will ignore them. However, if you use a test program that was developed for other 8510C test sets, be aware that the commands listed below will have no effect.
Menus & Commands Unsupported GPIB Commands Table 7-3 GPIB Commands Not Supported by 8510XF COMMAND FUNCTION ACTIVE FUNCTION? LOCTEXTE Select system 1st IF phaselock to external LO NO LOCTNONE Do not phase lock 1st IF NO LOCTINTE Select system 1st IF phaselock to internal LO NO MULD Multiple source multiplier denominator YES MULN Multiple source multiplier numerator YES MULSOFF Turn OFF multiple source mode NO MULSON Turn ON multiple source mode NO NORMSTEP Select normal data acqu
Menus & Commands New Messages New Messages Informational messages The following informational messages (which are displayed in white letters on the screen of the 8510C) were created specifically for the 8510XF firmware. Table 7-4 Informational Messages (Text Displayed in White) MESSAGE NOTES SETTING UP STEP MODE During operation above 50 GHz, the frequencies of the RF and LO sources must be calculated for each step; this setup causes a delay.
Menus & Commands New Messages Warnings messages The following warning messages (which are displayed in red letters on the screen of the 8510C) were created specifically for the 8510XF firmware. Table 7-5 Warning Messages (Text Displayed in Red) MESSAGE NOTES RPG INACTIVE FOR STEP MODE STIMULUS The “RPG” knob cannot be used in connection with this function. STEP KEYS INACTIVE FOR STEP MODE STIMULUS The step keys cannot be used in connection with this function.
Index Numerics 1.0 mm calibration kit, 3-7 1.0 mm connector care, 5-3 85059A, 3-7 85102 service menu, 3-5, 3-38 85106C, 1-11 85107A/B, 1-10 85109C, 1-12 A ac power, 2-2 accuracy-enhanced measurement, 2-3 active indicator, 5-37 address switches GPIB, 2-25 addresses GPIB, 2-37 alternative 1.
damaged shipments, 2-5 detector, 5-15 detector gain calibration, 3-32, 3-34, 5-6, 5-18 diagnostics, 5-39 dimensions, 2-4 directional couplers, 5-9 documents, 1-2 domain menu, 3-4 E E7340A, 1-5 E7342A, 1-5 E7345A, 1-10 E7346A, 1-11 E7350A, 1-5 E7352A, 1-5 E7355A, 1-10 E7356A, 1-11 E7357, 1-12 edit mult. src.
parts, 6-10 millimeter-wave subsystem (110 GHz), 6-6 millimeter-wave subsystem (85 GHz), 6-9 millimeter-wave subsystems, 1-5 mixers, 5-10 multiple test sets, 1-8 multiplication (harmonic), 5-11 multiplying DAC, 5-16 N non-banded standards, 3-12 O offset shorts, 3-11 offset shorts calibration, 3-7 one path 2-port calibration, 3-17 one-path isolation standards, 3-25 one-path transmission standards, 3-24 on-wafer calibration, 3-8, 3-48 on-wafer measurements, 3-46 open/short standards, 3-21 operating notes, 2
slope (power), 3-28, 3-29, 3-33 SOLT broadband calibration, 3-44 calibration, 3-44 normal calibration, 3-7 spurious error messages, 5-17 standard items, 2-7 standard types, 3-20 standards banded, 3-12 broadband, 3-43 broadband SOLT, 3-44 calibration, 3-10, 3-11 full 2-port, 3-27 full 2-port transmission, 3-26 load/short, 3-23 one-path isolation, 3-25 one-path transmission, 3-24 open/short, 3-21 shorts, 3-22 standards (non-banded), 3-12 stimulus menu, 3-4 switches GPIB address, 5-38 language, 2-37, 5-38 syst
