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Document Part Number 5971-2668

Printed in the UK September 2004

Errata

This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett-Packard. Please note that Hewlett-Packard's former test

and measurement, semiconductor products and chemical analysis businesses are now part of Agilent

Technologies. To reduce potential confusion, the only change to product numbers and names has been in the

company name prefix: where a product number/name was HP XXXX the current name/number is now Agilent

XXXX. For example, model number HP8648 is now model number Agilent 8648.

Ce manuel peut contenir des références à <<HP>> ou <<Hewlett-Packard.>> Veuillez noter que les produits de

test et mesure, de semi-conducteur et d'analyse chimique qui avaient fait partie de la société Hewlett-Packard

sont maintenent une partie de la société Agilent Technologies. Pour reduire la confusion potentielle, le seul

changement aux noms de reference a été dans le préfixe de nom de société : là où un nom de référence était HP

XXXX, le nouveau nom de référence est maintenant Agilent XXXX. Par example, le HP 8648 s'appelle

maintenent Agilent 8648.

Diese Gebrauchsanweiseung kann Bezug nehmen auf die Namen HP oder Hewlett-Packard. Bitte beachten Sie,

dass ehemalige Betriebsbereiche von Hewlett-Packard wie HP-Halbleiterprodukte, HP-chemische Analysen

oder HP-Test- und Messwesen nun zu der Firma Agilent Technology gehören. Um Verwirrung zu vermeiden

wurde lediglich bei Produktname und - Nummer der vo laufende Firmenname geändert: Produkte mit dem

Namen/Nummer HP XXXX lauten nun mehr Agilent XXXX. Z.B, das Modell HP 8648 heißt nun Agilent 8648.

Questo manuale potrebbe contenere riferimenti ad HP o Hewlett-Packard. Si noti che le attività precedentemente

gestite da Hewlett-Packard nel campo di Test & Misura, Semiconduttori, ed Analisi Chimica sono ora diventate

parte di Agilent Technologies. Al fine di ridurre il rischio di confusione, l'unica modifica effettuata sui numeri di

prodotto e sui nomi ha riguardato il prefisso con il nome dell'azienda : dove precedentemente compariva "HP

XXXX" compare ora "Agilent XXXX". Ad esempio: il modello HP8648 è ora indicato come Agilent 8648.

Este manual puede hacer referencias a HP o Hewlett Packard. Las organizaciones de Prueba y Medición (Test

and Measurement), Semiconductores (Semiconductor Products) y Análisis Químico (Chemical Analysis) que

pertenecían a Hewlett Packard, ahora forman parte de Agilent Technologies. Para reducir una potencial

confusión, el único cambio en el número de producto y nombre, es el prefijo de la compañía: Si el producto solía

ser HP XXXX, ahora pasa a ser Agilent XXXX. Por ejemplo, el modelo HP8648 es ahora Agilent 8648.

5971-2668 Small.fm Page 1 Wednesday, September 22, 2004 2:20 PM

Summary of content (154 pages)

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5971-2668 Small.fm Page 1 Wednesday, September 22, 2004 2:20 PM Errata This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett-Packard. Please note that Hewlett-Packard's former test and measurement, semiconductor products and chemical analysis businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies. To reduce potential confusion, the only change to product numbers and names has been in the company name prefix: where a product number/name was HP XXXX the current name/number is now Agilent XXXX.
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マニュアル・チェンジ変更本文中の「HP（YHP）」、または「(横河)ヒューレット・パッカード株式会社」という語句を、「Agilent」、または「アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社」と変更してください。ヒューレット・パッカード社の電子計測、半導体製品、化学分析ビジネス部門は分離独立し、アジレント・テクノロジー社となりました。社名変更に伴うお客様の混乱を避けるため、製品番号の接頭部のみ変更しております。（例: 旧製品名 HP 4294A は、現在 Agilent 4294A として販売いたしております。）
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4402serv.book Page i Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Service Guide Agilent Technologies E4418B/E4419B Power Meters Agilent Technologies Part no.
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402serv.book Page ii Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM © Copyright 1998, 2003Agilent Technologies All rights reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws. Printed in the UK.
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4402serv.book Page iii Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Legal Information Legal Information Notice Information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
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4402serv.book Page iv Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Legal Information Limitation of Warranty The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance. NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED.
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4402serv.book Page v Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Equipment Operation Equipment Operation Warnings and Cautions This guide uses warnings and cautions to denote hazards. WARNING A warning calls attention to a procedure, practice or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or the loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
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4402serv.book Page vi Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Equipment Operation General Safety Considerations WARNING Before this instrument is switched on, make sure it has been properly grounded through the protective conductor of the ac power cable to a socket outlet provided with protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor, inside or outside the instrument, or disconnection of the protective earth terminal can result in personal injury.
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4402serv.book Page vii Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Equipment Operation IEC 1010-1 Compliance This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 1010-1 +A1:1992 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a safe condition.
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4402serv.book Page ix Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Sales and Service Offices Sales and Service Offices For more information about Agilent Technologies test and measurement products, applications, services, and for a current sales office listing, visit our web site: http://www.agilent.com You can also contact one of the following centers and ask for a test and measurement sales representative.
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4402serv.book Page x Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Sales and Service Offices Europe: Agilent Technologies Test & Measurement European Marketing Organization P.O. Box 999 1180 AZ Amstelveen The Netherlands (tel) (31 20) 547 9999 Latin America: Agilent Technologies Latin American Region Headquarters 5200 Blue Lagoon Drive, Suite #950 Miami, Florida 33126 U.S.A. (tel) (305) 267 4245 (fax) (305) 267 4286 United States: Agilent Technologies Test and Measurement Call Center P.O.
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4402serv.book Page xi Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Sales and Service Offices Returning Your Power Meter for Service Use the information in this section if you need to return your power meter to Agilent Technologies. Package the Power Meter for Shipment Use the following steps to package the power meter for shipment to Agilent Technologies for service: 1. Caution Fill in a blue service tag (available at the end of this guide) and attach it to the power meter.
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4402serv.book Page xii Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM About this Guide About this Guide Chapter 1: Specifications This chapter lists the power meter’s specifications and describes how to interpret these specifications. Chapter 2: Performance Tests This chapter contains procedures which allow you to test the power meter’s electrical performance to it’s specifications. Chapter 3: Adjustments This chapter contains checks and adjustments that ensure proper performance of the power meter.
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4402serv.book Page 1 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Table of Contents Page Specifications....................................................................................... 1 Introduction................................................................................... 1-2 Power Meter Specifications .......................................................... 1-3 Meter ....................................................................................... 1-3 Accuracy ................................
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4402serv.book Page 2 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Equipment .............................................................................. 2-5 Test Setup ............................................................................... 2-5 Procedure ................................................................................ 2-6 Instrument Accuracy Test ............................................................ 2-7 Specification......................................................................
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4402serv.book Page 3 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment............................ 3-6 Description.............................................................................. 3-6 Equipment .............................................................................. 3-8 Procedure ................................................................................ 3-8 Measurement Uncertainty.....................................................
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4402serv.book Page 4 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Troubleshooting .................................................................................. 1 Introduction................................................................................... 6-2 Suggested Diagnostic Equipment.......................................... 6-2 Measurement Uncertainty Analysis Instrument Accuracy Test..1 Measurement Introduction...........................................................A-2 Uncertainties ................
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4402serv.book Page 2 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Specifications Introduction Introduction This chapter details the power meter’s specifications and supplemental characteristics. Specifications describe the warranted performance and apply after a 30 minute warm-up. These specifications are valid over the power meter’s operating and environmental range unless otherwise stated and after performing a zero and calibration.
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4402serv.book Page 3 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Specifications Power Meter Specifications Power Meter Specifications Meter Frequency Range 100 kHz to 110 GHz, power sensor dependent Power Range -70 dBm to +44 dBm (100 pW to 25 W), power sensor dependent Power Sensors Compatible with all Agilent 8480 series power sensors and Agilent E-series power sensors.
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4402serv.book Page 4 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Specifications Power Meter Specifications Accuracy Instrumentation Absolute: ±0.02 dB (Logarithmic) or ±0.5% (Linear). (Refer to the power sensor linearity specification in your power sensor manual to assess overall system accuracy.) Relative: ±0.04 dB (Logarithmic) or ±1.0% (Linear). (Refer to the power sensor linearity specification in your power sensor manual to assess overall system accuracy.
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4402serv.book Page 5 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Specifications Power Meter Specifications 1 mW Power Reference1 • Power Output: 1.00 mW (0.0 dBm). • Accuracy: (for two years) ±0.9% (0 to 55 ºC). ±0.6% (25±10 ºC). ±0.5% (23±3 ºC). • Frequency: 50 MHz nominal. • SWR2: • Connector Type: 1.06 maximum (1.08 maximum for option 003). Type N (f), 50 ohms. 1.
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4402serv.book Page 7 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Specifications Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics Measurement Noise Power sensor dependent (refer to Table 1-2 and Table 1-3). Averaging effects on measurement noise. Averaging over 1 to 1024 readings is available for reducing noise. Table 1-3 provides the measurement noise for a particular power sensor with the number of averages set to 16 for normal mode and 32 for x2 mode.
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4402serv.book Page 9 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Specifications Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics Settling Time 0 to 99% settled readings over the GP-IB. For Agilent 8480 series power sensors Manual filter, 10 dB decreasing power step: Table 1-4: Settling Time 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 Settling Time (s) (Normal Mode) 0.15 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.1 1.9 3.4 6.6 13 27 57 Response Time (s) (x2 mode) 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.35 0.55 1.1 1.9 3.5 6.9 14.
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4402serv.book Page 10 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Specifications Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics For Agilent E-series power sensors In FAST mode, within the range -50 dBm to +17 dBm, for a 10 dB decreasing power step, the settling time is 10 ms1 for the Agilent E4418B and 20 ms1 for the Agilent E4419B 1When a decreasing power step crosses the power sensor’s auto-range switch point, add 25 ms. Refer to the relevant power sensor manual for further information.
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4402serv.book Page 11 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Specifications Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics Auto filter, default resolution, 10 dB decreasing power step, normal and x2 speed modes: Normal Mode x2 Mode Maximum dBm Maximum dBm 70 ms 40 ms 60 dB Power Sensor Dynamic Range Typical Settling Times 60 dB Power Sensor Dynamic Range Typical Settling Times 120 ms 10 dB 70 ms 10 dB 400 ms 10 dB 210 ms 10 dB 6.5 s 10 dB 3.
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4402serv.book Page 12 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Specifications Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics Power Sensor Specifications Definitions Zero Set In any power measurement, the power meter must initially be set to zero with no power applied to the power sensor. Zero setting is accomplished within the power meter by digitally correcting for residual offsets.
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4402serv.book Page 13 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Specifications Battery Option 001 Operational Characteristics Battery Option 001 Operational Characteristics The following information describes characteristic performance based at a temperature of 25 °C unless otherwise noted. Characteristics describe product performance that is useful in the application of the product, but is not covered by the product warranty.
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4402serv.book Page 14 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Specifications General Characteristics General Characteristics Rear Panel Connectors Recorder Output(s) Analog 0-1 Volt, 1 kΩ output impedance, BNC connector GP-IB Allows communication with an external GP-IB controller. RS-232/422 Allows communication with an external RS-232 or RS422 controller. Male Plug 9 position D-subminiature connector. Remote Input/Output A TTL logic level is output when the measurement exceeds a predetermined limit.
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4402serv.book Page 15 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Specifications Environmental Characteristics Environmental Characteristics General Conditions Complies with the requirements of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC. This includes Generic Immunity Standard EN 50082-1: 1992 and Radiated Interference Standard EN 55011:1991/CISPR11:1990, Group 1 - Class A.
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4402serv.book Page 16 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Specifications General General Dimensions The following dimensions exclude front and rear panel protrusions: 212.6 mm W x 88.5 mm H x 348.3 mm D (8.5 in x 3.5 in x 13.7 in) Weight Net Agilent E4418B, 4.0 kg (8.8 lb) - 5.0 kg (11.0 lb) with option 001 Agilent E4419B, 4.1 kg (9.0 lb) - 5.1 kg (11.2 lb) with option 001 Shipping Agilent E4418B, 7.9 kg (17.4 lb) - 8.9 kg (19.6 lb) with option 001 Agilent E4419B, 8.0 kg (17.6 ib) - 9.0 kg (19.
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4402serv.book Page 17 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Specifications General Remote Programming Interface GP-IB interface operates to IEEE 488.2. RS-232 and RS-422 interfaces are supplied as standard. Command Language SCPI standard interface commands. Agilent E4418B is HP 437B code compatible.
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4402serv.book Page 2 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Introduction Introduction The procedures in this chapter test the power meter’s electrical performance using the specifications in Chapter 1 as the performance standards. All tests can be performed without access to the interior of the power meter. A simpler operational test is included in “Self Test” of the User’s Guide. For valid performance tests, the following conditions must be met: Note a.
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4402serv.book Page 3 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Introduction Equipment Required Table 2-1 lists all the equipment required for the adjustments and performance tests. If substitutions must be made, the equipment used must meet the critical specifications. Table 2-1: Required Equipment Equipment Required Model Number Critical Specification Range 0 to 20 V Resolution 0.
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4402serv.book Page 4 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Introduction Performance Test Record Results of the performance tests may be tabulated in Table 2-8, “Performance Test Record,” on page 2-30. The Performance Test Record lists all of the performance test specifications and the acceptable limits for each specification. If performance test results are recorded during an incoming inspection of the power meter, they can be used for comparison during periodic maintenance.
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4402serv.book Page 5 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Zero Test Zero Test Specification Electrical Characteristics Performance Limits Accuracy: Zero set (Digital settability of zero) ±0.0764 µW1 1. This performance limit is determined by the zero set specification of the power sensor used in the measurement plus the measurement noise. The range calibrator has a zero set specification of ±0.05 µW. The calibrator measurement noise specification is 110 nW at 16 averages.
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4402serv.book Page 6 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Zero Test Procedure The following procedure should be performed for the Zero Test. The procedure details the key presses required on the Agilent E4418B. For the Agilent E4419B the equivalent key presses should be performed on both channels. Note 1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2-1. 2. Switch the power meter on. 3. Press Preset then Confirm . Local 4. Press dBm/W , W for a reading in watts. 5.
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4402serv.book Page 7 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Instrument Accuracy Test Instrument Accuracy Test Specification Electrical Characteristics Accuracy Performance Limits ±0.5% or ±0.02 dB 1 1. This performance limit does not include the corresponding sensor power linearity specification. Description The power meter accuracy is verified for various power inputs.
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02serv.book Page 8 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Instrument Accuracy Test Test Setup Power Meter Range Calibrator CHANNEL A POWER METER Agilent 11730A Figure 2-2: Instrument Accuracy Test Setup Procedure The following procedure should be performed for the Instrument Accuracy Test. The procedure details the key presses required on the Agilent E4418B. For the Agilent E4419B the equivalent key presses should be performed on both channels. Note 1.
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4402serv.book Page 9 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Instrument Accuracy Test Note When switching the range calibrator to STANDBY, allow enough time for the range calibrator to settle to its zero value before attempting to zero the power meter. This settling would appear on the power meter display as downward drift. When the drift has reached minimum, (typically less than 60 seconds), the range calibrator is settled. 6.
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4402serv.book Page 10 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Instrument Accuracy Test Table 2-3: Instrument Accuracy Results (For Indication Only) Channel A Actual Results Channel B Actual Results (Agilent E4419 B only) Max1 3.100 µW _______________ _______________ 3.230 µW 10 µW 9.900 µW _______________ _______________ 10.10 µW 30 µW 31.40 µW _______________ _______________ 31.80 µW 100 µW 99.50 µW _______________ _______________ 100.5 µW 300 µW 314.
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4402serv.book Page 11 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Instrument Accuracy Test Test Procedure 2 Note This test procedure makes use of a 11683A Range Calibrator fitted with option H01. The measurement uncertainty of this test procedure is significantly lower than the previously described method (refer to Appendix A for a description of the measurement uncertainty analysis). As such, this test procedure should be used to ensure the power meter meets it's published specification.
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4402serv.book Page 12 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Instrument Accuracy Test Procedure The following procedure should be performed for the Instrument Accuracy Test. Note The procedure details the key presses required on the Agilent E4418B. For the Agilent E4419B the equivalent key presses should be performed on both channels. 1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2-3. 2. Unplug the range calibrator's power cord.
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4402serv.book Page 13 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Instrument Accuracy Test Note When switching the range calibrator to STANDBY, allow enough time for the range calibrator to settle to its zero value before attempting to zero the power meter. This settling would appear on the power meter display as downward drift. When the drift has reached minimum, (typically less than 60 seconds), the range calibrator is settled. 9.
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4402serv.book Page 14 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Instrument Accuracy Test 14. Set the DC calibrator output to the values shown in Table 2-4. For each setting, set the filter length of the power meter to the corresponding value, and verify that the power meter reading is within the limits shown. Refer to step 10 for details on how to setup the filter length .
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4402serv.book Page 15 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Power Reference Level Test Power Reference Level Test Electrical Characteristics Performance Limits Power reference 1 mW Internal 50 MHz oscillator factory set to ±0.4% traceable to National Physical Laboratory (NPL), UK. Power reference accuracy setting ±0.1% Guardbanded Test Line Limits. Power reference accuracy after 2 years ±0.
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4402serv.book Page 16 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Power Reference Level Test If an equivalent measurement system is employed for post-factory test, the power reference oscillator output can again be set to 1 mW ±0.4%. This setting is sufficient to ensure that the power reference oscillator meets the accuracy specification of ±0.5% after 2 years. This specification includes the ±0.
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4402serv.book Page 17 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Power Reference Level Test Equipment • Test power meter: Agilent 432A. • Thermistor mount: Agilent 478A option H75 or H76. • Digital voltmeter (DVM): Agilent 3458A.
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4402serv.book Page 18 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Power Reference Level Test 4. Preset the power meter: Press Preset , then Confirm on the power meter. Local Set the Agilent 432A RANGE switch to Coarse Zero. Adjust the front panel Coarse Zero control to obtain a zero meter indication. 5. Zero the Agilent 432A test power meter: • Fine zero the Agilent 432A on the most sensitive range. • Set the RANGE switch to 1 mW. 6. Set the DVM to measure microvolts. 7.
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4402serv.book Page 19 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Agilent E-Series Power Sensor Interface Test Agilent E-Series Power Sensor Interface Test The Agilent E-series power sensors have their sensor calibration tables stored in EEPROM which enables the frequency and calibration factor data to be downloaded automatically by the power meter. The frequency and calibration factor data have checksums which are compared with the data downloaded by the power meter.
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4402serv.book Page 20 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Agilent E-Series Power Sensor Functional Test Agilent E-Series Power Sensor Functional Test Description This test verifies that the meter/sensor combination can make RF measurements. The Agilent E-series power sensors operate over a 90 dB dynamic range (-70 to +20 dBm).
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4402serv.book Page 21 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Agilent E-Series Power Sensor Functional Test 2. Press Preset Local then Confirm . 3. On the power meter press Zero Cal , Zero . Wait approximately 10 seconds for the wait symbol to disappear. Verify that the display reads 0 ±50 pW. 4. Press Cal to calibrate the power meter. 5. Turn the power reference on by pressing Zero ■ Cal , Power Ref Off On on the Agilent E4418B.
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4402serv.book Page 23 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test Specification Electrical Characteristics Performance Limits (maximum) Output SWR 1.061 1.082 1. For instruments with the 50MHz 1mW output (power ref) connector mounted on the front panel. 2. For instruments with the 50MHz 1mW output (power ref) connector mounted on the rear panel. This applies to models E4418B and E4419B with option 003 fitted.
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4402serv.book Page 24 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test thermistor mount that can be operated at two different resistances and can accurately measure the power absorbed. The thermistor mount type Agilent 478A with option H75 or option H76 normally operates at a DC resistance of 200Ω giving an impedance at RF of 50Ω and ΓL close to zero. When the thermistor bridge is set to 100Ω the RF impedance is 25Ω giving a nominal Γ L of 0.33.
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4402serv.book Page 25 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test Equipment • Test power meter: Agilent 432A. • Thermistor mount: Agilent 478A option H75 or H76. • Digital voltmeter (DVM): Agilent 3458A.
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4402serv.book Page 26 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test 5. Round off the DVM reading to two decimal places. Record this value as the first internal bridge resistance (R1) of the Agilent 432A: • R1 ___________Ω 6. Set the Agilent 432A mount resistance switch to 100Ω. 7. Round off the DVM reading to two decimal places. Record this value as the second internal bridge resistance (R2) of the Agilent 432A: • R2 ___________Ω 8.
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4402serv.book Page 27 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test 17.Round off the DVM reading to two decimal places. Record this value as V1 : • V1 ___________ 18.Turn the power reference off: Press System , More , Power Ref Off . Inputs 19.Disconnect the DVM negative input lead from the VRF connector on the Agilent 432A. Reconnect it to the Agilent 432A chassis ground. 20.Observe the reading on the DVM. Record this value as Vcomp • Vcomp ___________ 21.
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4402serv.book Page 28 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test 25.Calculate factor M using equation 2-11 and record the value: Equation 2-11: 2 P 1 ( 1 – Γ2 ) M = ------ ------------------------P2 (1 – Γ 2 ) 1 Where: • M ___________ 26.
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4402serv.book Page 29 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test Table 2-7: Output SWR Result Max Actual Result 1.061 1.082 1. For instruments with the 50MHz 1mW output (power ref) connector mounted on the front panel. 2. For instruments with the 50MHz 1mW output (power ref) connector mounted on the rear panel. This applies to models E4418B and E4419B with option 003 fitted.
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4402serv.book Page 30 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Performance Test Record Performance Test Record Model Agilent E4418B/E4419B Power Meter Tested by ___________________________________________ Serial Number _______________________________________ Date _______________ Table 2-8: Performance Test Record Test Min Result Channel A Actual Result Channel B Actual Result Max Result Zero Test −76.40 nW Instrument Accuracy 3.1623 µW 10 µW 31.6228 µW 100 µW 316.227 µW 1 mW 3.
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4402serv.book Page 31 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Performance Tests Performance Test Record Test Output Standing Wave Ratio Test1 Min Result Channel A Actual Result Channel B Actual Result N/A ___________ ___________ Max Result 1.061, 2 1.081, 3 1. This test is not channel related. 2. For instruments with the 50MHz 1mW output (power ref) connector mounted on the front panel. 3. For instruments with the 50MHz 1mW output (power ref) connector mounted on the rear panel.
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4402serv.book Page 2 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Adjustments Introduction Introduction This chapter describes adjustments and checks which ensure proper performance of the power meter. Adjustments are not normally required on any fixed periodic basis, and normally are performed only after a performance test has indicated that some parameters are out of specification. Performance tests should be completed after any repairs that may have altered the characteristics of the power meter.
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4402serv.book Page 3 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Adjustments Introduction Equipment Required The adjustment procedures include a list of recommended test equipment. The test equipment is also identified on the test setup diagrams. Post-Repair Adjustments Table 3-1 lists the adjustments related to repairs or replacement of any of the assemblies. Table 3-1: Post Repair Adjustments, Tests, and Checks Assembly Replaced Related Adjustments, Performance Tests or Self Tests A1 Power Supply Self Test.
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4402serv.book Page 4 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Adjustments Power Reference Oscillator Frequency Adjustment Power Reference Oscillator Frequency Adjustment Adjustment of the power reference oscillator frequency may also affect the output level of the oscillator. Therefore, after the frequency is adjusted to 50.0 ±0.5 MHz, the output level should be checked as described in “Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment”, on page 3-6. The power reference oscillator frequency is a nominal specification.
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4402serv.book Page 5 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Adjustments Power Reference Oscillator Frequency Adjustment 3. Turn the power reference on by pressing Zero ■ Cal , Power Ref Off On on the Agilent E4418B. ■ Zero Cal , Cal, More , Power Ref Off On on the Agilent E4419B. 4. Observe the reading on the frequency counter. If it is 50.0 ±0.5 MHz, no adjustment of the power reference oscillator frequency is necessary.
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4402serv.book Page 6 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Adjustments Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment Description This test adjusts the power level accuracy of the internal 50 MHz oscillator—also called the power reference oscillator. The power reference oscillator output is factory adjusted to 1 mW ±0.4%. This accuracy includes a performance limit of 0.1% and a system measurement uncertainty figure of 0.
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4402serv.book Page 7 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Adjustments Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment Note The power meter may be returned to the nearest Agilent Technologies office to have the power reference oscillator checked and/or adjusted.
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4402serv.book Page 8 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Adjustments Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment By substituting equation 3 into equation 1 and manipulating the result you get: –3 2 0 = ( V 1 – V 0 ) – 2 V comp ( V 1 – V 0 ) + 4 ( 10 )R ( CalibrationFactor ) This quadratic can be solved to give equation 2. The definitions of the terms in equation 2 are: • V0 is the voltage measured between Vcomp and VRF with no power applied and after the Agilent 432A has been zeroed.
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4402serv.book Page 9 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Adjustments Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment 3. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3-3. The leads should be isolated from ground. Ensure that the power reference oscillator is off. Ensure that both the power meter under test and the Agilent 432A have been powered on for at least 30 minutes before proceeding to the next step. 4.
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4402serv.book Page 10 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Adjustments Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment 14.Remove the power meter’s cover and adjust A2R90 until the DVM indicates the calculated value of V1.
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4402serv.book Page 11 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Adjustments Display Brightness and Contrast Adjustment Display Brightness and Contrast Adjustment Introduction The following procedure should be performed whenever a front panel assembly or processor assembly are replaced. The brightness is controlled automatically after executing the Set Brightness softkey, located under the Service softkey menu. Note The contrast adjustment is subjective and varies according to individual user requirements.
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4402serv.book Page 2 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Theory of Operation Introduction Introduction This chapter describes how each of the power meter’s assemblies operate. A block diagram is included at the end of the chapter giving you an overall view of the power meter’s operation.
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4402serv.book Page 3 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Theory of Operation A1 Power Supply/Battery Charger A1 Power Supply/Battery Charger The A1 power supply/battery charger is a 20 W, 47 to 440 Hz switching power supply producing three dc voltages, (+5 V, +12 V, -12 V) used to power the subassemblies, and a constant current supply to recharge the optional +12 V rechargeable Battery Module (Agilent Part Number E9287A) when operating from an ac power source.
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4402serv.book Page 4 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Theory of Operation A2 Processor Assembly A2 Processor Assembly The processor assembly contains the microcontroller and associated circuits, the power-on/ standby control and switching, the 1 mW reference calibrator, the recorder outputs, TTL input/output, and the front panel drivers. It provides that platform on which the power meter can run, facilitating the system inputs and outputs.
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4402serv.book Page 5 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Theory of Operation A2 Processor Assembly The LCD controller on the A3 front panel assembly is configured as a memory mapped peripheral, and as such requires only to be fed with the appropriate address, data and control lines from the microcontroller circuits. The bias voltage for the LCD is produced by a DC to DC converter that takes the +5 V (DIST) voltage and converts that to a nominal +21 V.
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4402serv.book Page 6 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Theory of Operation A2 Processor Assembly The microcontroller circuits that control all the above functions, and provide platform for the system software to run on, comprise the microcontroller itself, memory, and clock and logic circuits. The logic circuits have the function of ensuring the correct sequencing and decoding of the control signals for the various peripherals.
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4402serv.book Page 7 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Theory of Operation A3 Front Panel Assembly A3 Front Panel Assembly The front panel assembly is made up of a liquid crystal display (LCD), a keypad and, depending on the power meter option, a power reference cable assembly and a sensor cable assembly(s). There are two inputs to the front panel assembly: • the flex circuit from connector A2J4 of the processor assembly which controls the keypad.
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4402serv.book Page 8 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Theory of Operation A4 Comms Assembly A4 Comms Assembly The comms assembly contains the circuitry required for remote control of the power meter. This assembly supports parallel and serial interfaces. The GP-IB interface is supported by a protocol controller integrated circuit and two physical interface buffers. The system clock is divided by four to provide the GP-IB controller integrated circuit clock signal.
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4402serv.book Page 9 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Theory of Operation A5 Daughter Assembly A5 Daughter Assembly The A5 daughter assembly is loaded vertically into the A2 processor assembly. The Agilent E4418B has five connectors on the A5 daughter assembly: • two 6-way connectors route the signal lines between the rechargeable battery assembly and the A1 power supply/charger assembly, and provide an interface for the signal lines that are monitored by the A2 processor assembly.
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4402serv.book Page 10 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Theory of Operation A6 Measurement Assembly A6 Measurement Assembly There is one measurement assembly in the Agilent E4418B and two in the Agilent E4419B. The measurement assembly amplifies and converts the chopped AC signal produced by the power sensor (either Agilent 8480 series power sensors or Agilent E-series power sensors) into a 32 bit digital word. This digital word is proportional to the input RF power level applied to the power sensor.
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4402serv.book Page 11 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Theory of Operation A6 Measurement Assembly The DSP chip controls the logic which sets the chopper driver voltage and frequency control. For the: • Agilent 8480 series power sensors this is 0 V and -10 V at 217 Hz. • Agilent E-series power sensors this is +7 V and -3 V at 434 Hz. The DSP also controls logic to allow the AUX ADC to measure a number of voltages, and when requested, send the relevant data to the host processor.
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4402serv.book Page 12 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Theory of Operation A8 Rechargeable Battery Assembly A8 Rechargeable Battery Assembly The A8 Rechargeable Battery Assembly allows the EPM power meter with option 001 fitted to operate when no AC power input is available. The battery pack contains a health monitoring circuit which the A2 processor assembly can interrogate. The A8 battery assembly connects to the A2 processor assembly and the PSU/battery charger circuit via the A5 Daughter Assembly.
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4402serv.book Page 13 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Theory of Operation A8 Rechargeable Battery Assembly Remove this page and replace with pullout.fm.
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4402serv.book Page 2 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Introduction Introduction This chapter contains details of some of the higher level components and assemblies which can be ordered from Agilent Technologies. It also details how to assemble and disassemble the power meter for repair. To order parts contact your local Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office.
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4402serv.book Page 3 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly Part Numbers Assembly Part Numbers Reference Designator A1 A2 A301 A302 A303 Description Agilent Part Number Power Supply Assembly Refer to “Power Supply Assembly Types”, on page 5-5 to help with the selection.
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4402serv.book Page 5 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly Part Numbers Reference Designator Agilent Part Number Description Front Power Reference Cable Kit E4418-61811 Rear Power Reference Cable Kit E4418-61813 Power Supply Assembly Types Before ordering an A1 Power Supply Assembly, check connector J2 and compare it to Figure 5-1 and Figure 5-2 and select the appropriate model. The J2 connector is found nearest the fan assembly.
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4402serv.book Page 6 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Front Panel Connector Repair Front Panel Connector Repair The front panel assembly is an exchange assembly. However, if front panel sensor cables or power reference cables are faulty they should be replaced by ordering the appropriate kit and following the assembly/disassembly procedure. The instrument accuracy test should then be carried out to verify the functionality of the new part.
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4402serv.book Page 7 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Firmware Upgrades Firmware Upgrades The power meter’s firmware can be upgraded using a PC. The current firmware is available on the World Wide Web. A firmware upgrade package (Part Number E4418-61035)can be purchased for users who do not have access to the World Wide Web. The upgrade package contains instructions and a disc pack. The firmware can be upgraded via the GP-IB connector or the serial RS232/422 connector.
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4402serv.book Page 8 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines The guidelines in this section describe the removal and replacement of the major assemblies in the Agilent E4418B and Agilent E4419B power meters. Once an assembly has been replaced, refer to “Post-Repair Adjustments”, on page 3-3 to ensure that the correct performance tests and adjustments are carried out.
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4402serv.book Page 9 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines Removing the A1 Power Supply Assembly WARNING 1. Remove the power supply cover by lifting it out. 2. Disconnect the line input module from the chassis and power supply assembly. 3. Disconnect the cable assembly from the power supply which connects to the A2 processor assembly. 4. Unscrew the power supply assembly and lift out the power supply.
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4402serv.book Page 10 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines Removing the A2 Processor Assembly 1. Remove the A5 daughter and A6 measurement assemblies as described on page 5-12. 2. Move the A2 plastic support bracket to its forward position using the two side levers, unclip the flexi-cable retaining bar on the front panel keypad and front panel LCD cable connectors and disconnect the cable. 3.
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4402serv.book Page 11 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines Removing the A4 Comms Assembly 1. Remove the A2 processor, A5 daughter and A6 measurement assemblies as shown on page 5-10 and page 5-12. 2. Disconnect the line power module from the A1 power supply and the chassis. 3. Disconnect the earth wire screw. (When replacing this screw use a 9 lb/in T15 screw driver.) 4. Remove the two screws on the underside of the deck assembly.
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4402serv.book Page 12 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines Removing the A5 Daughter or A6 Measurement Assemblies 1. Note Disconnect the flex circuit from measurement assembly. Care should be taken when disconnecting the flex circuit from the measurement assembly. The flex circuit assembly is released by pushing the connector tab forward and lifting.
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4402serv.book Page 13 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines Removing the A7 Fan Assembly 1. Remove the A1 power supply assembly as shown on page 5-9. 2. Remove the pins which attach the fan to the chassis. 3. Remove the fan cable connector from the A2 processor assembly to release the fan.
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4402serv.book Page 14 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines Removing the Power Meter RAM Battery (BT1) 1. WARNING Remove the A2 processor assembly as described on page 5-10. 2. Remove the A2J1 link to disconnect the battery from the rest of the circuitry. 3. Verify the battery protection circuitry by: n ensuring that there are no electrical short circuits across the battery terminals.
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4402serv.book Page 15 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines Removing the A3 Front Panel Assembly 1. Note n power reference semi-rigid (When replacing use the torques detailed on page 5-18.) n front panel keypad n front panel LCD Care should be taken when disconnecting the front panel keyboard and LCD.
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4402serv.book Page 16 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines Replacing the Front Panel Power Sensor Cable Assemblies 1. Remove the front panel from the power meter. (Refer to “Removing the A3 Front Panel Assembly”, on page 5-15 for details on removing the front panel.) 2. Replace the power sensor cable assembly(s) using the replacement kit.
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4402serv.book Page 18 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines Replacing the Front Panel Power Reference Cable Assembly 1. Remove the front panel from the power meter. (Refer to “Removing the A3 Front Panel Assembly”, on page 5-15 for details on removing the front panel.) 2. Replace the power reference output cable assembly using the replacement kit and the torques indicated on the following diagrams.
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4402serv.book Page 19 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines Replacing the Rear Panel Power Sensor Cable Assemblies (Options 002 and 003) 1. Disassemble the power meter to allow access to the rear panel connectors. This is done by following steps 1 through 3 of the A4 comms assembly removal procedure on page 5-11. 2. Replace the power sensor cable assembly(s) using the replacement kits.
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4402serv.book Page 21 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines Replacing the Rear Panel Power Reference Cable Assembly (Option 003) 1. Disassemble the power meter down to allow access to the rear panel connectors. (Refer to “Removing the A4 Comms Assembly”, on page 5-11.) 2. Replace the power reference cable assembly using the replacement kit and the torques indicated on the following diagrams.
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4402serv.book Page 22 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines Replacing the Rear Panel Recorder Output(s) Cable Assembly 1. Disassemble the power meter down to allow access to the rear panel connectors. (Refer to “Removing the A4 Comms Assembly”, on page 5-11). 2. Replace the recorder output cable assembly using the replacement kit and the torque indicated on the following diagram.
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4402serv.book Page 23 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Replaceable Parts Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines Replacing The Chassis Assembly 1. Remove the Power Meter Cover as shown in “Removing the Power Meter Cover”, on page 5-8. 2. Disassemble the power meter down to allow access to the rear panel connectors (Refer to “Removing the A4 Comms Assembly”, on page 5-11). 3. For Standard or Option #002 units, disconnect the Power Reference Cable from the Front Panel Assembly. 4.
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4402serv.book Page 2 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Troubleshooting Introduction Introduction This chapter enables qualified service personnel to diagnose suspected faults with the power meter Rmt I/O (Remote Input/Output) signal lines and RS232/422 serial port. If there is a problem when attempting to use the RS232/422 serial interface or the remote I/O functions, consult the User’s Guide and confirm that all the user setups are correct before proceeding with the following fault finding flow charts.
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4402serv.book Page 3 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Troubleshooting Introduction Figure 6-1: Troubleshooting Guide -Upper Window TTL Output Start Power Up meter No POST Pass? Yes Connect Sensor to Channel A Any Sensor Errors? Yes No Press System/Inputs More Service Self Test Instrument Self Test Yes Self Test Errors? No Select Done Investigate Power Meter Failure Using DVM E2373A or equivalent, set to VDC, monitor Rmt I/O Connector pin 3 wrt pin 8.
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4402serv.book Page 4 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Troubleshooting Introduction A Select Preset/local Confirm Meas/Setup Limits Limits On TTL Output TTL Output On, Fail O/P Low Yes DVM reading 5.0V+/-0.5V? Power down meter. Disconnect ac power and battery if fitted. Remove A2 Processor assy, as directed on page 5-9, to access the Comms Assembly connector. Use DVM to check resistance between J4 pin 41 and Rmt I/O connector pin 3. Select Fail O/P High DVM reading 0.0V+/-0.
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4402serv.book Page 5 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Troubleshooting Introduction Figure 6-2: Troubleshooting Guide - Lower Window TTL Output Start Power Up meter No POST Pass? Yes Connect Sensor to Channel A Any Sensor Errors? Yes No Select System/Inputs More Service Self Test Instrument Self Test Yes Self Test Errors? No Select Done Investigate Power Meter Failure Using DVM E2373A or equivalent, set to VDC, monitor Rmt I/O Connector pin 4 wrt pin 8.
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4402serv.book Page 6 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Troubleshooting Introduction A Select Preset/local Confirm Lower Window - using Meas/Setup Limits Limits On TTL Output TTL Output On, Fail O/P Low Yes DVM reading 5.0V+/-0.5V? Power down meter. Disconnect ac power and battery if fitted. Remove A2 Processor assy, as directed on page 5-9, to access the Comms Assembly connector. Use DVM to check resistance between J4 pin 42 and Rmt I/O connector pin 4. Select Fail O/P High DVM reading 0.0V+/-0.
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4402serv.book Page 7 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Troubleshooting Introduction Figure 6-3: Troubleshooting Guide - TTL Inputs Start Power Up meter No POST Pass? Yes Connect Sensor to Channel A Connect Sensor to Channel B (if applicable) Any Sensor Errors? Yes No Select System/Inputs More Service Self Test Instrument Self Test Yes Self Test Errors? No Select Done Zero/Cal More TTL Inputs On Investigate Power Meter Failure Apply TTL logic 0 pulse to RJ45 connector pin 5 wrt pin 8.
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4402serv.book Page 8 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Troubleshooting Introduction A Did power meter channels zero? No Yes Apply TTL logic 1 level to RJ45 connector. pin 5 wrt pin 8. Apply TTL logic 0 pulse to RJ45 connector pin 6 wrt pin 8. See User’s Guide chapter 2 for timing. Did Channel A CAL? No Yes Single Is the meter single or dual channel? Dual Apply TTL logic 1 level to Rmt I/O connector pin 5 wrt pin 8. Apply TTL logic 0 pulse to Rmt I/O connector pin 6 wrt pin 8.
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4402serv.book Page 9 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Troubleshooting Introduction B Remove A2 Processor Assy (see chapter 5) to gain access to the Communications Assembly connector. Measure resistance between Rmt I/O connector pin 6 and connector J4 pin 43. Meter reading 470Ω +/− 10% No Yes Measure resistance between Rmt I/O connector pin 5 and connector J4 pin 44.
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4402serv.book Page 1 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Instrument Accuracy Test Appendix A Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Instrument Accuracy Test Note The Measurement Uncertainty Analysis described in this Appendix uses different test equipment from that listed in this Service Guide. However, the equipment used, and the Measurement Uncertainty results, are similar enough to make the analysis useful.
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4402serv.book Page 2 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Instrument Accuracy Test Measurement Introduction Measurement Introduction In the Instrument Accuracy test the DUT measures power levels output from the test station from –25dBm to +20dBm. A modified 8482A sensor is used to perform this measurement; it has had its thermocouple sensor (RF to DC converter) removed. This allows extremely accurate DC levels to be injected into the sensor from a 3245 Universal Source.
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4402serv.book Page 3 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Instrument Accuracy Test Measurement Introduction Uncertainties Universal Source: No Uncertainties DMM: Yes (Type B) 8482: No1 Extraneous signals, cables connectors and Yes (Type A) 1. There is no uncertainty involved within the 8482A sensor, as a relative power is being measured. Before any measurement is made, an equivalent voltage to 0dBm is applied to the 8482 sensor to allow the power meter calibration.
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4402serv.book Page 4 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Instrument Accuracy Test Measurement Introduction Hence: Measurement Accuracy = f(MV , TSE) The Measurement Uncertainty is not calculated from different sensor and power meter combinations, rather it is taken care of in the Customer Limit specification setting.
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4402serv.book Page 5 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Instrument Accuracy Test Measurement Introduction Standard Uncertainty u(xi): Table A-1 shows the standard deviation of the 30 readings from the DUT at various power levels. Table A-1: Standard Uncertainty Results Power Level Standard Deviation of 30 Readings Conversion to Linear Units Standard Uncertainty u(X(-25)) 3.162uW 0.0132dB 0.0097uW u(X(-20)) 10uW 0.0038dB 0.009uW u(X(-15)) 31.62uW 0.0013dB 0.
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4402serv.book Page 6 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Instrument Accuracy Test Measurement Introduction Worst case error on 0.1V range: Error = ((9ppm x 100mV) + (3ppm x 100mV)) + (6ppm x 100mV) + 5((0.15ppm x 100mV) + 100mV)) = 2.375uV Percentage Error = 0.002375% Voltage Error 2.375uV Distribution Rectangular Standard Uncertainty 1.371uV Worst case error on 1V range Error = ((8ppm x 1.0V) + (0.3ppm x 1.0V)) + (1ppm x 1.0V) + 5((0.15ppm x 1.0V) + (0.1ppm x 1.
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4402serv.book Page 7 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Instrument Accuracy Test Measurement Introduction Worst case error on 15.8V maximum power setting Error = ((10ppm x 15.8V) + (0.3ppm x 100.0V)) + (0.5ppm x 15.8V) + 5((0.15ppm x 15.8V) + (0.1ppm x 100V)) = 257.75uV Percentage Error = 0.00163% Voltage Error Distribution 257.75uV Standard Uncertainty Rectangular 148.
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4402serv.book Page 8 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Instrument Accuracy Test Measurement Introduction By using the DMM Uncertainties calculated previously the worst case voltage and corresponding power errors can be calculated. Power Setting (mW) Applied Volts DMM Error on Range Standard Uncertainty (uV) Worst Case Voltage Error on Range (%) Worst Case Power Error on Range 0.001 0.14493mV <1.371uV 0.946% 0.00946uW 0.01 1.4493mV <1.371uV 0.0946% 0.
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4402serv.book Page 9 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Instrument Accuracy Test Measurement Introduction Combined Standard Uncertainty uc(y): There is no correlation associated with this measurement Hence: 2 uc ( y ) = ∑[C 2 TSE ⋅ u ( TSE ) ] , [ cMV ⋅ u ( MV ) ] 2 Table A-3 shows the combined standard uncertainty at all the power levels from 3uW (-25dBm) to 100mW (20dBm). Table A-3: Combined Standard Uncertainty.
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4402serv.book Page 2 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Power Reference Level Test Measurement Introduction Measurement Introduction In the Power Reference Level Test, the output from the DUT’s 1mW Power Ref connector is measured. A 432A Power Meter and an 8478B H01 Power Sensor are required for this test. Also the H01 power sensor’s calibration factor uncertainty at 50MHz must be no greater than ±0.2%.
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4402serv.book Page 3 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Power Reference Level Test Measurement Introduction where, Ps is the reflection coefficient of the source (i.e. the DUT) and Pd is the reflection coefficient of the 8478B detector. Hence, P meas = f ( V comp ,V 1 ,V 0 ,R ,CF ,M s ) Consider the measurement setup that exists in Figure B-1 PS POWER REF 8478B 432A Power Meter DUT Pd Figure B-1: Measurement Setup Po is the total power output from the DUT.
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4402serv.book Page 4 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Power Reference Level Test Measurement Introduction : M s Uncertainty = 1 ⁄ ( 1 ± 2Ps P d ) The equation above includes the worst-case mismatch magnitude 2PsPd and is in the form where various powers can be multiplied by the equation to find worst-case power levels with respect to mismatch.
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4402serv.book Page 5 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Power Reference Level Test Measurement Introduction A normal distribution is assumed, as the 3458A Manual has not specified the type of distribution used on the measurement. Both V0 and V1 values are calculated by subtracting Vref from Vcomp as measured at the output of the 432A using a 3458A DMM. The approximate values of Vcomp and Vref for no power (V0) and for 1mW power (V1) are 5V with the DMM on the 10V scale.
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4402serv.book Page 6 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Power Reference Level Test Measurement Introduction Consider the model below: P An estimate of the moduli of Pd and Ps are each less than a specified value. Ps and Pd each lie within a circle of radius P.
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4402serv.book Page 7 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Power Reference Level Test Measurement Introduction So u(Ms) from the equation above equals: ( 0.0244 ) × ( 0.0244 ) u ( Ms ) = ± ---------------------------------------------------- = 0.00042 2 Mismatch Uncertainty U(Ms) worst case s d = 2 2 × u ( Ms ) = 0.
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4402serv.book Page 8 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Power Reference Level Test Measurement Introduction Resistance The uncertainty of the resistance measurement on the 3458A DMM is given from: Error = (ppm of reading + ppm of range) + (temperature coefficient) + (factory traceability) with: Conditions: - 1 Year Cal and temperature variance +/- 5°C without ACAL Reference: - 3458A Operating Manual Appendix A For 1kΩ scale the specified accuracy is; 10ppm of reading + 0.
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4402serv.book Page 9 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Power Reference Level Test Measurement Introduction Table B-1: Measurement Repeatability Results Measurement ADJUST REF. REF. LEVEL TEST 1 0.999548951 0.999499495 2 0.999541333 0.999554257 3 0.999449078 0.999414037 4 0.999546994 0.999509401 51 0.999138526 0.9991726 6 0.999647055 0.999454911 7 0.999539391 0.999515949 8 0.999567191 0.999558795 9 0.999600963 0.999554633 10 0.999405584 0.
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4402serv.book Page 10 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Power Reference Level Test Measurement Introduction Table B-1: Measurement Repeatability Results Measurement ADJUST REF. REF. LEVEL TEST Min 0.999406 0.999377721 Average 0.999529 0.999504053 SD 5.67E-05 5.01868E-05 1. Measurement 5 was discounted from the calculations as being an extraneous measurement.
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4402serv.book Page 11 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Power Reference Level Test Measurement Introduction Using the above values gives Ci V = comp Ci V Ci V0 = 1 = 2 ( V 1 – V0 ) –4 V PM = ----------------------------- = 2.129 × 10 ---Ω d V comp 4RCFM s d 2V comp – 2V 1 d –2 V PM = ---------------------------------------- = 1.224 × 10 ---dV1 Ω 4RCFM s ( – 2 )V + 2V d Vcomp 0- = – 1.
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4402serv.book Page 12 Tuesday, October 14, 2003 3:18 PM Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Power Reference Level Test Measurement Introduction Combined Standard Uncertainty (uc(y)) Table B-2: Combined Standard Uncertainty Symbol Source of Uncertainty Value Probability Distribution Divisor Ci Ui /µW U(V0) Two Voltage measurements on a 3458A DMM 69.65 µV Normal 2 2.129x10-04 V/Ω 0.007 U(V1) Two Voltage measurements on a 3458A DMM 69.45 µV Normal 2 1.224x10-02 V/Ω 0.
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