Specifications

i
Table of Contents
1.0 Impedance Measurement Basics
1.1 Impedance............................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Measuring impedance ........................................................................................ 1-3
1.3 Parasitics: There are no pure R, C, and L components ................................. 1-3
1.4 Ideal, real, and measured values ...................................................................... 1-4
1.5 Component dependency factors ....................................................................... 1-5
1.5.1 Frequency .................................................................................................... 1-5
1.5.2 Test signal level........................................................................................... 1-7
1.5.3 DC bias ......................................................................................................... 1-7
1.5.4 Temperature................................................................................................ 1-8
1.5.5 Other dependency factors ......................................................................... 1-8
1.6 Equivalent circuit models of components........................................................ 1-8
1.7 Measurement circuit modes ............................................................................... 1-10
1.8 Three-element equivalent circuit and sophisticated component models.... 1-13
1.9 Reactance chart.................................................................................................... 1-15
2.0 Impedance Measurement Instruments
2.1 Measurement methods ....................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Operating theory of practical instruments ..................................................... 2-4
LF impedance measurement
2.3 Theory of auto balancing bridge method ......................................................... 2-4
2.3.1 Signal source section................................................................................. 2-6
2.3.2 Auto-balancing bridge section ................................................................. 2-7
2.3.3 Vector ratio detector section.................................................................... 2-8
2.4 Key measurement functions .............................................................................. 2-9
2.4.1 Oscillator (OSC) level ............................................................................... 2-9
2.4.2 DC bias ....................................................................................................... 2-10
2.4.3 Ranging function ....................................................................................... 2-11
2.4.4 Level monitor function ............................................................................ 2-12
2.4.5 Measurement time and averaging .......................................................... 2-12
2.4.6 Compensation function ........................................................................... 2-13
2.4.7 Guarding .................................................................................................... 2-14
2.4.8 Grounded device measurement capability ........................................... 2-15
RF impedance measurement
2.5 Theory of RF I-V measurement method ........................................................... 2-16
2.6 Difference between RF I-V and network analysis measurement methods ... 2-17
2.7 Key measurement functions .............................................................................. 2-19
2.7.1 OSC level .................................................................................................... 2-19
2.7.2 Test port ..................................................................................................... 2-19
2.7.3 Calibration ................................................................................................. 2-20
2.7.4 Compensation ........................................................................................... 2-20
2.7.5 Measurement range .................................................................................. 2-20
2.7.6 DC bias ....................................................................................................... 2-20